Three wires what color. What color and how are zero, phase and ground wires indicated in an electrician

Each wire is labeled and color designation. This is a necessary measure that allows you to unify electrical products, and also facilitates work with them. The norms and requirements for wire designations are described in the rules for the design of power plants (PUE). This is a document that electricians are guided by.

Marking of networks 220v and 380v in single-phase and three-phase execution

Wire marking standards alternating current for a single-phase or three-phase network are identical. They match the color of zero and ground. The color of the phase wire can match or be complemented by other colors.

Color coding performed along the length of the conductor. Identification is allowed at the ends of the cores and at the connection points, colored heat shrink tubing(cambric) or colored electrical tape.

To recognize the phase, zero or ground, it is necessary to strip the cable from the top insulation by 5 - 10 cm so that the inner cores remain in their sheath. The purpose of the wire is determined by their color:

• Grounding. Use insulation painted in bright yellow and green. In this case, color stripes can be applied both longitudinally and transversely. Sometimes there are wires with completely green or yellow insulation. This also suggests that this vein goes to the ground.
• Zero wire. The neutral wire is painted blue or blue color. The standards are provided for in the PUE.
• Phase. Depending on the number of phases in the electrical network, the wires are painted in colors:
  • Red.
  • Black.
  • Brown.
  • Gray.
  • Orange.
  • White.
  • Turquoise.
  • Violet.
• In electrical engineering, the phase has a red, black or white color.

ATTENTION: PUE standards apply to electrical engineering and electrical appliances in Russia, Ukraine and Belarus. Other countries may have their own markings, as well as other symbols. A product that is not intended for sale on the territory of Russia and the CIS countries should be checked according to the instruction manual, or using the “ringing” method using a multimeter.

Letter designation

PUE standards also include the letter designation of wires. For AC 220V or 380V, the wires are marked:

• Earth - "RE".
• Zero is "0" or "N".
• Phase - "L".

For a multi-phase cable, the wires are indicated in sequence from L1 to Ln, where N is the number of phases. The marking and color of the wire may differ from the specified standards.

Wire color options, as well as switching errors

The color color and marking of wires may differ from modern PUE standards due to:

1. PEN marking. Common case. It can be found on old wires and electrical wiring diagrams. It's about about the TN-C earthing system. It involves the union of two wire cores - ground and zero. The circuit is convenient for installation, but dangerous in terms of a short circuit. TN-C system wires are marked PEN. The only wire to zero and ground is colored yellow-green with bright blue marks on the ends of the wire.
2. Wiring marked according to the requirements and standards of other countries. So in the USA, the marking of zero and earth may have a different color:
   1. Zero - white/grey color.
   2. Ground - Bare Copper/Green/Green Yellow/White.
3. Wiring in substandard or counterfeit electrical products. Products from third world countries may have different colors. Workers in clandestine factories make wiring from whatever they have on hand. Therefore, it is necessary to disassemble and repair such products with extreme caution.
4. An electrical network not installed according to the rules of the PUE. Unfortunately, such cases also happen. Self-taught electricians, or non-professional specialists, do the wiring “anyhow”. Incorrect connections are dangerous, they can lead to failure of electrical equipment, short circuits, electric shocks of the consumer.

IMPORTANT: Incorrect switching of wires or confusion in marking entails administrative responsibility and a fine. If you have installed poor-quality wiring, in which case there was a short circuit or failure of electrical appliances, you can go to court. The judicial authority will order damages and fines for an unscrupulous installation company.

To be sure which cable core is responsible for what, you need to know the methods for determining. For this you will need basic knowledge electrical engineering and minimum set indicator tools.

How to determine phase, zero and ground if single-color wires are not marked

Often it is not possible to determine the wire visually. A similar situation can be observed when replacing wiring in houses built during the Soviet era. Having removed the socket or switch, a person finds two or three wires of the same white color.

To resolve the contradiction that has arisen, you will need an indicator screwdriver or a multimeter. The first tool will allow you to determine the working phases under load. Phase and zero are searched for by touching a bare wire with a screwdriver. If the light comes on, it means that this wire is under load. Zero will not give signals.

To determine the ground using a device - a multimeter. It sets the value of the alternating current to over 220V. One of the contacts of the tool is attached to the phase, the second in turn to the remaining wires. Zero will fix the voltage of 220V or higher. Earth will show significantly less than 220V.

In new buildings, sockets with marked wires are installed, as this is required by SNiP 3.05.06-85 and GOST 10434-82.

IMPORTANT: Be careful when you turn off the household power supply in your apartment or house to check the wires. Sometimes the machines in the switchboard are installed incorrectly. They are cut into a zero gap, not a phase - electrical appliances in the house will not work, but the voltage from the phase will not go anywhere. It is necessary not only to turn off the machine, but also to watch the change in the load on the wires inside the apartment using indicator screwdriver.

These methods allow you to determine the wires in the household electrical network alternating current. Consider cable marking direct current.

Coloring of wires in a DC network

In a DC network, only two cores are used:

• Positive bus (denoted by "+").
• Negative bus (denoted by “-”).

By regulatory documents, wires and buses of a positive charge are painted red, and wires and tires of a negative charge must be blue tint. The middle conductor (M) is indicated in blue.

INFO: In three-phase networks, buses and high-voltage inputs of transformers on power stations and substations are painted: yellow- wires and busbars with phase "A", green - with phase "B", red - with phase "C".

Conclusion

Visual identification of wiring is a simple matter. The main thing is to know which color is responsible for what. For safety reasons, it is worth checking the wires for the presence of phase and ground before starting work with them. Incorrect switching of the wire strands can lead to a short circuit or burnout of the connected electrical equipment.

Working with electricity, you can see that the strands of wires are painted in different colors. Interestingly, the colors never repeat, regardless of the number of conductors in one sheath. Why this is done and how not to get confused in the color variety - this is our today's article.

The essence of the color marking of wires

Working with electricity is a serious matter, because there is a risk of damage electric shock. It is not so easy for a simple person to cope with, because by cutting the cable, you can see that all the cores have a different color. This approach is not an invention of manufacturers in order to distinguish their products from competitors, but is very important when installing electrical wiring. To avoid confusion with the color of the cable cores, all the variety of colors is reduced to one standard - PUE. The electrical installation rules state that wire cores must be differentiated by color or alphanumeric designation.

Color marking allows you to determine the purpose of each wire, which is extremely important when switching. Correct connection lived among themselves, as well as during the installation of electrical installation products, helps to avoid serious consequences, such as a short circuit, electric shock, or even a fire. Properly connected wires help to subsequently carry out repairs and maintenance without problems.

According to the rules, the color of the wires is present along the entire length. However, in reality, you can find electrical wires painted in one color. Most often this is found in the old housing stock, where aluminum wiring. To solve problems with the color designation of each individual core, a heat-shrinkable tube or electrical tape of different colors is used: black, blue, yellow, brown, red, etc. Multi-color marking is done at the junction points of the wires and at the ends of the cores.

Before talking about the color difference, it is worth mentioning the designation of wires with letters and numbers. A phase conductor in a single-phase AC network is designated Latin letter"L" (Line). In a three-phase circuit, phases 1, 2 and 3 will be respectively designated "L1", "L2", "L3". The grounding phase conductor is designated by the abbreviation "LE" in a single-phase network and "LE1", "LE2", "LE3" in a three-phase network. The neutral wire is assigned the letter "N" (Neutral). The neutral or protective conductor is designated "PE" (Protect Earth).

Ground wire color code

According to the rules of use electrical equipment, all of it must be connected to a network that has a ground wire. It is in this situation that the manufacturer's warranty will apply to the equipment. According to the PUE, the protection is in a yellow-green shell, and the color stripes must be strictly vertical. In a different location, such products are considered non-standard. Often you can find cores with a sheath of bright yellow or green color in the cable. In this case, they are used as grounding.

Interesting! A hard single-core ground wire is colored green with a thin yellow stripe, but in a soft stranded one, on the contrary, yellow is used as the main one, and green acts as an additional one.

In some countries, it is allowed to install a ground conductor without a sheath, but if you come across a green-yellow cable with a blue braid and the PEN designation, then you have ground combined with neutral. You should be aware that the earth is never connected to the residual current devices located in the switchboard. The ground wire is connected to the ground bus, to the housing or the metal door of the switchboard.

On the diagrams, you can see a different designation of grounding, so to avoid confusion, we recommend that you use the following memo:

A separate color for the neutral wire and a variety of colors for the phase

As evidenced by the PUE, for the neutral wire, which is often called zero, a single color designation is allocated. This color is blue, and it can be bright or dark and even blue - it all depends on the manufacturer. Even on color schemes, this wire is always drawn in blue. In the switchboard, the neutral is connected to the neutral bus, which is connected to the meter directly, and not using the machine.

According to GOST, the colors of the phase wires can have any color except for blue, yellow and green, since these colors refer to zero and ground. This approach helps to distinguish the phase wire from the rest, since it is the most dangerous at work. Current flows through it, so it is extremely important to provide the correct designation in order to work safely. Most often, phase cores in a three-core cable are indicated in black or red. The PUE does not prohibit the use of other colors, with the exception of colors intended for zero and earth, therefore, sometimes you can find a phase core in the following shells:

• brown;
• gray;
• purple;
• pink;
• white;
• orange;
• turquoise.

If the colors are mixed up

We have given the basic rules for marking L, N, PE lived in an electrician by color, but it often happens that not all craftsmen follow the rules for installing electrical wiring. Among other things, there is a possibility that the electrical wires with a different color of the phase core or even a single-color cable have changed. How not to make a mistake in such a situation and make the correct designation of zero, phase and ground? best options in this case, the wires will be labeled according to their purpose. It is necessary with the help of cambric (heat shrink tubes) to designate all the elements that extend from switchboard and follow to the dwelling. The work may take a long time, but it's worth it.

To work on identifying the belonging of the cores, they use indicator screwdriver- this is the simplest tool, which is elementary to use for subsequent phase marking. We take the device and with its metal tip we touch the bare (!) Core. The indicator on the screwdriver will only light up if you have found a phase wire. If the cable is two-core, then there should be no more questions, because the second conductor is zero.

Important! Any electrical cable always has L and N cores, regardless of the number of wires inside.

If a three-core wire is being examined, to find the grounding and zero core use a multimeter. As you know, there may be electricity in the neutral conductor, but its doses will hardly exceed 30V. To measure on the multimeter, you must set the AC voltage measurement mode. After that, with one probe they touch the phase core, which was determined with the help of an indicator screwdriver, and with the second - to the remaining ones. Conductor showing smallest value on the instrument will be zero.

If it turned out that the voltage in the remaining wires is the same, you must use the resistance measurement method, which will determine the ground. For work, only cores will be used, the purpose of which is unknown - the phase wire is not involved in the test. The multimeter is switched to the resistance measurement mode, after which one probe touches a deliberately grounded and cleaned to metal element (this can be, for example, a heating battery), and the second probe touches the wires. Ground should not exceed 4 ohms while neutral will be higher.

Opening any electrical wire, every electrician collides with conductors different colors. Why do manufacturers do this, why do the color of the wires: phase zero earth differ from each other? After all, this is not done for beauty. That's right, beauty in a closed cable is not needed. And the coloring is an urgent need. What's the matter?

1. With the help of color coding, you can easily determine which wire should be used for what purpose. That facilitates the switching of the entire wire as a whole.
2. It is color coding that reduces the likelihood of errors during installation, which can lead, firstly, to a short circuit, and secondly, to electric shock during the operation or repair of electrical networks.

It should be noted that the entire color scheme of the designations of the cores electric wire summarized in the PUE, which is based on GOST R 50462. So the colors are fixed state standard. True, we must pay tribute to the fact that the designation of the veins has not only a color application, but also a letter. But in this article we will deal with exactly the color of the wires: phase zero earth.

Attention! Color marking is carried out along the entire length of the wire. It is not uncommon for electricians to make additions that certify that the conductors are connected correctly. To do this, multi-colored cambric is installed at the ends of the wiring sections (these are heat-shrink tubes made of polymer) or the ends are wrapped with multi-colored insulation.

Busbar coloring in substations

Three-phase wiring inside an electrical substation is defined by three colors corresponding to each individual phase. Usually, electrical busbars are painted for this. So here it is:

• Phase "A" is usually colored yellow.
• Phase "B" - green.
• Phase "C" - red.

It is not difficult to remember this, especially for young and novice electricians.

DC networks

In everyday life, direct current is not used. But on construction sites(elevating electric cranes, various trolleys and lifts), in industries, in electrified transport (trams and trolleybuses), at substations for feeding automation systems, direct current is indispensable.

In such networks, only two circuits are used: positive (plus) and negative (minus). That is, there are no phase conductors here, let alone zero. But even with this, a different color of conductors is used. So the positive turns red, the negative turns blue.

Please note that in the event that a single-phase DC network is a branch from a three-phase network, then the color designation in the two networks must completely match and be colored according to standard requirements.

AC line colors

It is in AC networks that the various colors of wire cores create conditions under which the confusion of phase and zero, between phases, and also the ground loop, completely disappears. This is especially true in cases where the installation is done by one electrician, and the network is maintained by another. The same applies to renovations.

Those electricians who have encountered old electrical networks know how often they had to ring the circuits all the time, determining whether it was phase or zero. It took a lot of time and made the work very inconvenient. The thing was that the insulation of the old wires was either white or black, that is, plain. Of course, back in the Soviet period, experts thought about creating a certain standard in color design. And the color marking itself changed periodically until the final standard was adopted.

Zero and ground color

In the accepted standards, there are two types of colors, which designate the zero conductor and the ground conductor. The first is indicated by the letter "N" - this is a working zero, the second by the letters "PE" - this is a protective zero. Their colors are:

• Blue.
• Yellow-green.

Please note that the yellow and green stripe can be located not only along the wire, but also across.

There are models electrical wires, in which the ground wire and zero are connected in one circuit, it is designated "PEN". Its color is yellow-green, and at the ends at the junction of the sections is blue. Or, conversely, the entire length is blue, at the ends - yellow-green. This dual notation is allowed by the standard.

Color of phase conductors

Again referring to the rules of the PUE, it should be noted that the standard makes it possible to use enough wide range colors for the color of the cores of the electric wire. Let's list them all: black, white, brown, grey, red, pink, purple, teal and orange.

Attention! Since a single-phase electrical network is a branch from a three-phase network, it is necessary to observe the identity of the color design of the wires. That is, if in a three-phase network one of the phases is wired Brown color, then try to pick up a two-core wire for a single-phase network also with a brown core.

It can be concluded that the color of the phase wire should simply differ from the color of the ground loops and the working zero. Of course, a single-color cable can also be used in wiring, there are no problems here. You just have to constantly install cambric or colored insulation at the ends of the cables. It's not that hard to hold installation work. But as mentioned above, it will be inconvenient when the issue of repair arises. And one more thing that concerns multi-colored wires. Be sure to determine the length of each contour: both in general and in sections. This will simplify the installation, you do not have to make intermediate joints.

Connection rules and standards are not observed - what to do?

Sometimes you have to deal with situations where switchboard the rules for connecting wires by color are not observed. That is, the old standards were used, or it's just the negligence of the electrician who carried out the installation. What to do in this case?

You don't need to reconnect. The best option- mark all the wires coming from the switchboard to the house or apartment. Of course, in this case, a lot of time will be spent, because you will have to open each branch box, open the wire connections and ring each loop, determining whether it is a phase (and which phase), zero or ground. And mark all ends of the wires using colored electrical tape or cambric. The work is big, but necessary.

Today, all wires used for laying electrical networks and connecting electrical equipment are painted in special colors. This greatly simplifies the maintenance and replacement of wires, as well as identifying the causes of malfunctions and breakdowns.

In the first picture below, we presented the most popular color markings for wires. These color solutions may not solve all problems, so be sure to read the entire article in its entirety.

Why color coding is needed

Color coding of electrical wires is a must as it makes wiring and reading much easier. electrical circuits. If we consider as an example the connection diagram of a simple light switch, it may seem that marking is not required, since everything is simple and clear.

However, if we take as an example the scheme for connecting a switchboard to the network with big amount differential automata And protective devices we will immediately notice the difference.

If it were not for the designation of wires by color, it would be very difficult to figure out which device or cable is out of order and in which circuit they are included.

In addition, when the wires are colored specific color, their installation is greatly simplified, since the likelihood of making a mistake and confusing the wires is reduced. If, for example, we mix up the phase and zero when connecting devices to the electrical panel in our apartment, then this can lead to a short circuit, equipment breakdown, or even worse, electric shock.

Manufacturers paint cable wires in certain colors not randomly, but according to the rules of electrical installations. They describe exactly which markings can be used for wires in certain conditions. In addition, the 7th edition of the PES (dated 2002) prescribes the identification of cables and wires according to not only their color, but also symbolic designations.

To date, Russia has adopted a single standard for the color identification of wires, according to which all electrical work with conductors must be performed. According to these requirements, each strand of wires or cables must have a separate color. Most often, blue, green, brown and gray are used, however, if necessary, additional colors and shades are used. It is recommended to make the marking visible throughout the entire length of the conductor, but it is also possible to use wires in which only the edge of the core is colored. To identify such conductors, colored heat-shrink sleeves or insulating tape of the desired color are installed at the connection points.

The following describes which marking is used for individual types of wires, depending on the type of network and equipment.

Wire colors in a three-phase AC network

In three-phase power networks, when connecting transformer equipment, substations and similar electrical installations, phase tires are painted in a certain color according to the following rule:

• phase A - yellow;
• phase B - green;
• phase C - red.

In DC networks

Despite the fact that in most cases we are dealing with alternating current, DC power networks also have a wide scope:

• In the industrial and construction sector - for the operation of electric cranes, trolleys and warehouse loading equipment.
• For powering electric transport: trolleybuses, trams, electric locomotives, motor ships, etc.).
• To supply the load to the operational protective circuits and automatic equipment electrical substations.

As we know, a cable for DC wiring consists of two wires, for which such concepts as neutral and phase conductors are not used. The cable design includes only two tires with opposite charge, which are sometimes called simply “plus” and “minus”.

The accepted wire marking requires that the positive pole in such a network be marked in red, and the negative pole in blue. The neutral contact, designated M in the diagrams, is painted blue.

When a two-wire network is connected to a three-wire network, it is necessary that the colors of its wires or busbars exactly match the color of the power supply contacts to which they are connected.

Color coding of phase, zero and ground

For wiring and installation of electrical networks at domestic and industrial facilities, use stranded cables, each wire inside of which is painted in a distinctive color. This is necessary, as already mentioned, to simplify the installation and maintenance of the network.

So, for example, if the network is repaired by a person who did not lay it, by the color of the wire connected to the devices and power sources, he will immediately understand the working scheme. Otherwise, it will be necessary to break through zero and phase manually using a probe. This process is not easy even when checking new wires, and if it is necessary to repair old wiring, it will completely turn into a test, since earlier, in Soviet time, the wires were not marked, and they were all covered with a black or white insulating sheath.

According to the developed standards (GOST R 50462) and the rules for electrical installation, each wire in the cable, whether it is zero, phase or ground, must have its own color, which indicates its purpose. One of the main requirements of electrical installations is the ability to quickly and accurately determine the function of the wire in any of its sections. Color coding is the best way to solve this problem.

The wire marking presented below is designed for AC networks and electrical installations (transformers, substations, etc.) with a solidly grounded neutral and a rated voltage of not more than 1 kV. Most of the residential and administrative buildings meet these conditions.

Protective and working neutral conductor

Zero or neutral on electrical diagrams is indicated by the letter N and is painted throughout in blue or blue without additional color designations.

PE - protective zero contact or simply "ground", has a characteristic color of green and yellow lines alternating along the wire. Some manufacturers paint it in a uniform yellow-green hue along its entire length, but GOST R 50462-2009 adopted in 2011 prohibits marking grounding with yellow or in green separately. In combination green/yellow, these colors can only be used in a situation where they indicate grounding.

The PEN wires used in today's outdated TN-C systems, where ground and zero are combined, have more complex markings. According to the latest approved standards, the main part of the wire must be painted blue throughout, and the ends and junctions must be yellow-green stripes. It is also possible to use wires with the opposite marking - yellow-green wire with blue ends. Meet such a wire in buildings modern building rarely possible, since the use of TN-C was abandoned due to the risk of electric shock to people.

Summarizing the above:

1. zero (zero working contact) (N) - blue or blue wire;
2. ground (neutral ground) (PE) - yellow-green;
3. combined wire (PEN) - yellow-green with blue marks at the ends.

Phase wires

Several current-carrying phase conductors may occur in the cable design. Electrical installation regulations require each phase to be designated separately, so black, red, gray, white, brown, orange, purple, pink, and turquoise are commonly used for them.

When is the installation single-phase circuit connected to a three-phase power supply, it is necessary that the color of the branch phase exactly matches the color of the phase contact of the supply network to which it is connected.

In addition, the standard requires that the color uniqueness of all wires used be observed, so the phase cannot have the same color as zero or ground. For cables without color identification, the marking must be affixed manually - with colored insulating tape or cambric.

In order not to face the need to purchase heat shrink tubing or electrical tape already during installation (and not to complicate the schemes with unnecessary symbols), you should decide which color combination will be used in all electrical circuits at home, and purchase right amount cables of each color before starting work.

Application of marking on the laid cable

Electricians often have to deal with a situation where it is necessary to carry out repairs electrical panel or networks, and the equipment is connected so that it is not clear where the phase and zero are located, and where is the ground. This happens when the installation of the system is carried out by an inexperienced person, without special knowledge, in which not only the marking, but also the location of the cables inside the shield is incorrect.

Another reason for such problems is outdated and irrelevant qualifications of electricians. The work is done correctly, but in accordance with the old standards, therefore, for a specialist who came "to replace", it becomes necessary to "punch" with a tool where zero is located and where the phase is.

Arguing about who is to blame and whether anyone should be involved self-repair, does not make sense, it is better to decide how to apply the correct and understandable marking.

So, current standards it has been established that color marking on electrical conductors may not necessarily be placed along their entire length. It is allowed to designate it only in the places of connection and connection of contacts. Therefore, if you need to mark cables without designations, you should buy a set of heat shrink tubing or insulating tape. The number of colors depends on the specific scheme, but it is advisable to purchase a standard “palette”: zero is blue, earth is yellow, and phases are red, black and green. In a single-phase network, of course, the phase is indicated by one color, most often red.

The use of colored electrical tape or heat shrink sleeves is also suitable for situations where the existing wire does not meet the requirements of the PES. For example, if you need to connect a four-core cable to a three-phase network with white, red, blue and yellow-green wires. These wires can be connected in any order, but be sure to put cambric or electrical tape windings with the “correct” colors at the connection points.

In addition, you should be aware of the problematic situations described above during the installation of a new node, or equipment connection. The lack of clear and understandable designations can significantly complicate the further maintenance of the circuit, even by the person who installed it.

If you find that your switchboard or network uses wire designations that do not meet current requirements, do not rush to replace them. Until repair or dismantling, the wiring is subject to the standards that were in force at the time of its installation. In addition, if the network is functioning properly, replacement is not required. And when commissioning a new (or converted old) electrical network, you will have to take into account and comply with all modern requirements and rules.

Hello, dear readers and guests of the Electrician's Notes website.

When conducting electrical work, very often the question of the color marking of wires is raised.

It used to be, so to speak, in "stagnant" time, only white wires were used, less often black.

Therefore, it took a lot of time to determine the phase or zero in the electrical assembly. I had to resort to help and.

To avoid this, it is necessary to bring the color marking of wires and tires to a single standard.

And as always, let's turn to regulatory documents, namely, Chapter 1, clause 1.1.29. and clause 1.1.30. It clearly states that the identification of conductors of wires and tires by colors or digital designations must be used, in accordance with GOST R 50462-92.

And what does this GOST say ?!

According to GOST R 50462-92, clause 3.1.1, the following colors can be used to identify conductors and tires: black, brown, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, gray, white, pink, turquoise.

According to the EIC, clause 1.1.29:

• neutral conductors (N) must be blue
• the combined zero working and zero protective conductors (PEN) must have a blue color along the entire length and yellow-green stripes at the ends
• protective neutral conductors (PE) and protective earth conductors must be green-yellow

Let me give you a few photos as an example. All zero working conductors (N) are connected to the bus (N) and are blue. All neutral protective conductors (PE) are connected to the busbar (PE) and are green-yellow.

And all other colors, except for blue (blue) and yellow-green, can be used as phase conductors.

The photographs below show that the phase conductors are white.

According to the PUE, clause 1.1.30, with an alternating three-phase current, phase A busbars must have yellow, phase B - green, phase C - red. It is remembered easily and simply in the form of the abbreviation "ZhZK", i.e. yellow, green, red.

For clarity, I will give a few examples.

Two measuring transformers NOM-10 (kV).

outgoing feeder distribution substation voltage 500 (V).

As you can see, in the examples given, the color marking of tires with three-phase alternating current is fully respected.

By the way, it is not necessary that the tires be completely painted in one color or another. It is quite enough to make color marking (in the form of paint, stickers, heat shrink tubes, tags, etc.) in the places where the busbars are connected to the switching devices.

According to the PUE, clause 1.1.30, with single-phase alternating current, the phase B bus connected to the end of the power source winding should be red, and the phase A bus connected to the beginning of the power source winding should be yellow.

Unfortunately, I have no good examples of such electrical installations. Maybe someone has photos, I will be very grateful if you share.

By the way, if single-phase current buses are a branch from a three-phase current system, then they are designated according to the color marking requirements of a three-phase system.

According to the PUE, p.

As an example, I will give a direct current shield (SCPT) \u003d 220 (V).

And these are the conclusions directly from the battery.

By the way, we are gradually switching from lead-acid batteries SK-5 to maintenance-free Varta batteries.

Addition

Since 01/01/2011, the GOST R 50462-92 specified at the beginning of the article has been canceled. Instead, GOST R 50462-2009 came into force, in which some points contradict the previous GOST. For example, paragraph 5.2.3 states that the following colors are preferred for phase conductors:

• Gray
• Brown
• black

For clarity, I post a photograph of the switchboard of one of the banks, where we carried out electrical installation.

In my opinion, the previously adopted marking "ZhZK" is more descriptive.

In a single-phase network for a phase conductor, the preferred color is brown. Accordingly, if a single-phase network is a branch from a three-phase network, then the color of the phase conductor must match the color of the phase conductor of the three-phase network.

There was also a ban on yellow and green colors applied separately (clause 5.2.1). They must only be used in the yellow/green color combination for PE protective conductors. In this regard, the marking of the three-phase network "ZhZK" was changed, because. yellow and green colors were used in it separately.

The digital marking of DC circuits has also been changed (clause 5.2.4):

• brown color - positive pole (+)
• gray color - negative pole (-)
• blue color - middle conductor (M)

Attention!!! I want to warn you that you do not need to run now and change the existing markings. After all, when objects were introduced, it was still acting old GOST R 50462-92. But when commissioning new electrical installations, GOST 50462-2009 should not be neglected.

If for some reason it is not possible to mark wires and tires according to the above requirements, then any color can be used. But it is necessary to wind electrical tape, stickers on the ends of the cores, put on cambric or heat-shrink tubes of the corresponding color, for example, like this:

And already by tradition, watch the video based on the materials of this article:

P.S. Dear colleagues, I ask you to follow the requirements for the color marking of wires and tires when performing electrical work. Let's respect each other.