Wood lathe with copier: prices and specifications. Do-it-yourself wood copying machine Wood lathe with a copier do it yourself

Copy lathes are used to make many of the same parts, such as balusters for stair railings, fence posts, etc. You can make a functional design with your own hands, using devices that are unnecessary in the household.

Making a lathe

The most primitive model of a lathe is made of conventional drill. But this is not the only solution. The main parts of the future device:

bed;
front and rear racks (headstock);
electric motor;
leading and slave centers;
tool stop.

The bed is the base for placing all the elements and mechanisms. Therefore, it is made of a thick bar of wood or metal. The headstock is securely fixed on the base, the part will be fixed on it. A device is placed in the front rack that transmits movement from the electric motor to the leading center and then to the part.

The rear post (headstock) moves along the guide on the frame, it holds the free end of the workpiece. An emphasis for the tool is placed between the grandmas. Grandmas must be located strictly along a single axis.

For a do-it-yourself machine, an electric motor with a power of 200 - 250 W, with a speed of no more than 1500, is suitable. If you plan to process large parts, a more powerful engine is required.

A faceplate is put on the electric motor pulley, which fixes large workpieces. The faceplate contains points on which the part is stuffed. The opposite end of the part is fixed with a corner.

To turn an ordinary lathe into a copier, an additional device is required - a copier.

Copier for lathe

The basis of the copier will be an unnecessary manual frezer. It is placed on a surface of 12 mm plywood, the size of the platform is 20 x 50 cm. Holes are made in the platform for fasteners and cutters, and stops are installed - bars for fixing the cutter. The router is placed between the clamps and secured with a pair of large nails.

The remote part of the site moves along the frame along the guide - the pipe. Its ends are fixed in wooden bars. The bars are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws. When fixing the pipe, use a level and align the axis of the pipe with the center of the machine. Before installation, a pair of bars with holes is put on the pipe, which easily move along the guide. A platform is attached to the bars, on which the milling cutter is placed.

Second important element installed with your own hands directly on the lathe - a bar in a horizontal position, on which templates will be attached. A beam of 7 x 3 cm is suitable; it is attached to vertical supports with self-tapping screws. Stands are screwed to the frame. The upper surface of the bar must clearly coincide with the axis of the machine.

When the copier is not in use, the bar is dismantled, the platform with the milling cutter is retracted and the machine turns into a conventional lathe.

The stop is made of thick plywood and is attached to the work surface. In fact, the emphasis plays the role of a copier in this design. It is fixed vertically, to the end of the working surface it is fixed to a transition beam made of wood. The copier can be removed, it is installed on the stand with self-tapping screws. The stand must be fixed firmly, without the possibility of removal.

The templates are made of plywood, with the help of self-tapping screws they are screwed to the front surface of the bar. The top surface of the beam should be aligned with the axis of the template.

Cons of the proposed design

The working surface with a milling cutter has to be moved with both hands, since during operation it warps and jams;
only fairly simple elements can be copied, for example, it is impossible to repeat twisted patterns on columns;
to move the cutter, it is more convenient to provide a screw gear;
and it is better to replace the cutter with a circular, such a device will turn out to be more versatile.

All photos from the article

A wood lathe is a machine that is widely used in factory woodworking to replicate products of a certain configuration corresponding to a given sample. This equipment allows you to process any parts with high accuracy and speed. However, production machines with their large dimensions will be difficult to locate in a small private workshop.

Copy equipment in woodworking

Many carpentry lovers, gradually expanding their tool base and improving their skills, come to the idea of assembling a copy lathe for wood with their own hands. After all, with the help of this device it is possible to make an exact copy of any piece of furniture and perform restoration work.

Note!
In most cases, of course, the main factor that encourages people to "reinvent the wheel" is the high price of a finished factory product.

The principle of operation on a wood copier is quite simple:

blank required size clamped in a horizontal position.
We start the device forcing the workpiece to rotate around its axis.
In turn, the movable cutter also removes excess wood, turning the blank into a product of the desired shape..

Structurally, a copier for a wood lathe is a series of parts connected to each other, so there will be something to work on.

Do-it-yourself equipment assembly at home

Lathe

In order to assemble a small wood copier with your own hands, you will need to make some effort and patience, as well as invest financially (about 7-7.5 thousand rubles). But this is many times less than the costs that await you if you purchase a ready-made option.

Copier for a wood lathe with a manual milling cutter

We suggest you make your own copier with minimal cost time, the machine can be started in " industrial production»turned parts by the evening. The “cutting tool” will be a hand router, the specifications for the manufactured parts depend on specifications wood lathe. Despite the fact that the copier is made using plywood, it can produce up to a hundred products from one copier, you will agree that this amount is quite enough to fulfill most bulk orders.

The fixture does not look quite "attractive" in terms of design, but we did not set ourselves such a task. We tried to make our “equipment” as simple as possible to manufacture and more or less reliable. Which is what happened in the end. How is a copier made? Let's get to know him better.

copier device

An ordinary manual milling cutter is adapted for a cutting tool; a specific model does not matter. Install the milling cutter on the support platform, we have platform dimensions of 500 × 200 mm, made of sheet plywood 12 mm thick. You can slightly increase or decrease the linear parameters of the site, depending on the size of the hand mill. On the site, make holes for the exit of the cutter and holes for installing mounting bolts. In order to completely exclude unauthorized spontaneous movements of the cutter during operation, we advise you to install additional stop bars around the perimeter on the site, fix the bars with self-tapping screws, the length of the screws is selected taking into account the thickness of the fixing bars.

The milling cutter must be installed between the thrust bars, check the reliability of its fixation, any vibrations are completely eliminated. The far end of the site should “ride” along the pipe for the entire length of the wood lathe, we used a pipe Ø 25 mm, you can take other pipes for manufacturing. The main thing is that they can withstand the weight of the router without bending, be absolutely even and with a perfectly smooth surface. Fix the ends of the pipe with two wooden blocks, in our case, bars 80 × 35 mm were used. Screw the bars to the body of the lathe using metal screws, you do not have to cut the threads for the bolts. If your machine device does not allow you to fasten the bars in this way, then solve this problem in your own way.

Installation of the main structural elements homemade copier

Strong advice - do not rush during the manufacture of equipment, turned parts for a copier do not forgive even the slightest violations of not only technology, but also the location of the working axes. It follows from this that the axis of the pipe along which the milling cutter will move must be perfectly parallel to the axis of rotation of the lathe. It turned out by itself that the axis of the pipe coincided with the axis of the machine, but this condition is not necessary. The main thing is that the cutting tool of the cutter in the lowest position coincides with the axis of the machine, and this parameter can be adjusted by the level of the copier.

The pipe is fixed in the blind holes of the bars; before fixing, two bars must be put on it, on which the carrier platform of the router will be installed. Important condition- the platform bars should slide easily along the guide tube, but wobbling is prohibited. Check this parameter, if necessary, manually lap the pipe and bars. Then fix the router support pad to the bars and install the router on it. Once again check the smoothness of the slide, pay attention to the fact that there are no wobbles at all. Do not be afraid of such "strict" requirements for the quality of sliding. If you have a pipe with a normal surface and completely flat, then it is not difficult to achieve smooth sliding.

Installation of a horizontal bar

This is the second "working" element of a home-made copier; in terms of installation accuracy, all of the above requirements must be observed. A detail profile template is attached to a horizontal bar. For manufacturing, a bar of 70 × 30 mm is quite suitable, fastened with self-tapping screws to vertical wooden racks, fix the racks with any convenient way to the lathe bed. The upper edge of the horizontal bar must be parallel to the axis of the machine and be at the same level with it. If the copier becomes temporarily not needed, then the bar can be easily removed, the mounting platform for the router folds back to the rearmost position and the wood lathe can be used for its intended purpose.

Fasten the vertical stop to the working platform of the router, we made it from thin plywood, you can use more durable materials, up to metal ones. This part will move along the copier during turning and set the spatial position of the cutter, fasten the copier as firmly as possible. There is a direct dependence on the thickness: the thinner it is, the more accurately the dimensions will be taken from the template. But there is another dependence - too thin copier makes it difficult to move the device along the template, choose golden mean. The height of the copier must be adjusted after the final assembly of the machine; during the adjustment, all of the above conditions must be observed. One more moment. If you have a copier made of plywood, then you need to make it removable, this will allow you to quickly change the worn-out copier to a new one while turning a large number of the same type of products.

Copier stop

How the template is made

There is nothing new here. Draw on a strip of plywood or OSB board the contour of the part being machined, check again all the dimensions and carefully cut it out using an electric jigsaw. The edges must be sanded, remove notches and bumps. Fix the template on the horizontal rail with self-tapping screws, observe all installation dimensions during fixing.

Some features of turning

You will have to move the device only with two hands, otherwise jamming on the pipe is possible. Another problem is that the radii of curvature of turned parts are limited by the diameter of the cutter, this must be borne in mind when choosing the profile of turned parts. Practice shows the dependence of the feed rate on the diameter of the cutter: the smaller the diameter of the cutter, the smaller the feed should be and vice versa.

540 rub

1 700 rub

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1 350 RUB

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RUB 1,500 RUB 1,900

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RUB 1,300 RUB 1,700

File handles often break. A small adaptation to a wood lathe helped the young masters of school No. 1139 in the Babushkinsky district of Moscow. This is a copier for a lathe. The handles for files made on it are not inferior to ready-made ones.

The main components of the copier for the lathe are the lower and upper carriages. Both move along guides. The lower in the longitudinal, and the upper in the transverse directions. The carriages are firmly connected to each other. A small roller is installed on the upper carriage, which carries the main working body of the copier - the cutter.

1 - fixture base, 2 - cushion, 3 - bottom carriage guides, 4 - squares, 5 - bushings, 6 - bottom carriage, 7 - top carriage guides, 8 - square, 9 - nut, 10 - bottom rack square, 11 - stand, 12 - top stand angle, 13 - copier (made of two plates with a curly cut), 14 - shaft, 15 - upper carriage, 16 - copier stand, 17 - nut, 18 - roller, 19 - nut for screw 14, 20 - flywheel, 21 - cutter nut, 22 - cutter, 23 - square, 24 - washer 60x40x5, 25 - M10X165x10 screw, 26 - M10 wing nut, 27 - lower carriage corner, 28 - nut lock. 29 - M6 screw (4 pcs.), 30 - M6 nuts (8 pcs.), 31 - M5 nuts (4 pcs.), 32 - M6x12 screws (4 pcs.), 33 - M5X10 screws (4 pcs.).

During the operation of the device, the roller moves along the slot of the copier as if along a guide and leads the upper carriage with the cutter. The cutter, repeating the line of motion of the roller, and hence the line of the copier, processes the workpiece mounted on the lathe. Original and simple.
Before you start making a copier, we want
warn you about the accuracy of the manufacture and assembly of both carriages. They should move easily and at the same time without play along their guides. To do this, you must comply with the tolerances indicated on the drawings.
From correct manufacture and proper assembly depends on the success of the entire device and the quality finished products.
The fixture is mounted on a wood lathe between the front and rear headstocks. It itself is attached to the pillow 2, and the pillow - to the frame of the machine with a thumb screw (parts 25 and 26).
Having blanks of square or round section of the required length, pre-cut on a circular saw, you must first find the centers at their ends. The center from one end must be staked, that is, a recess should be made in it. It is needed to install the headers in the center of the tailstock. From the other end of the workpiece, make a cut in the center with a hacksaw to a depth of 5-6 mm. With this slot, you will put the workpiece on the comb of the headstock. As a result, you will have a fixed connection between the headstock and the workpiece.
When the workpiece is installed in the lathe, move the copier cutter by turning the handwheel to right side all the way.
Turn on the machine and, screwing the nut 21, feed the cutter to the workpiece. Now, turning the flywheel, you will see how the cutter will work. It will shape the pen according to the copier. And its shape may be different depending on the tool for which the pen is made. For files, handles of one form are needed, for chisels - another, for awls - a third. In our device, the copier is made for a standard handle of medium files.
As soon as the cutter reaches the end of the headstock, feed the cutter nut forward and it will cut off the finished handle.
Our device, as you have noticed, works from a manual drive. But it is quite possible to put a reversible engine. How to do this, decide for yourself.
The processing of the handle depends on the speed of rotation of the lathe spindle and on the smallest allowances of the workpiece. Therefore, depending on this, the cutter makes one, two, or even three passes over the workpiece.

S. KOKOREV
Appendix to UT 1981 No. 10

Wood is one of the main materials that people use in Everyday life for the manufacture of furniture, objects interior decoration, decorative architectural elements, household and garden supplies and much more.

copy machine on wood.

One or two things can be done hand tool or using woodworking equipment.

But how to handle a large number of exactly the same products with the lowest labor and time costs? In this case, copy machines will come to the rescue. One of them is copy milling machine on wood.

The article discusses its device and principle of operation, and also offers some advice to those wishing to make the device on their own.

Copy-milling machines (CFS) are designed for processing wood parts by copying. Varieties of the method:

contour or 2-dimensional (2-D) milling;
volume or 3-dimensional (3D) copying.

One method or another is used depending on the shape of the workpiece.

The main advantage of copy machines is that you can produce any number of parts with a curved contour, which are a copy of the original copy. All of them will be absolutely identical. At the same time, the machine has the flexibility to switch to another part, just change the reference.

Therefore, their scope is quite wide: from small-scale production to mass production. In addition to large enough machines for industrial use, there are also compact bench-top devices. Copy machines are used in furniture production, woodworking workshops, in carpentry workshops of individual entrepreneurs.

Milling heads (milling cutter) are often used as a working unit in small machines. Its rotational speed is sufficient to ensure the required surface quality (no chips, splits, burrs).

Examples of workpieces

Below is a far from complete composition of products manufactured using FSC:

furniture details - facades, headboards, backs, legs of armchairs and chairs;
interior items - fireplace framing, wooden panels, frames, stands;
souvenir products - figurines, caskets, medallions;
building structures - framing arched windows, filling paneled doors;
architectural elements - bas-reliefs, decorative friezes and borders, window casings (slotted or embossed), cornice carving;
decorative fences - railing elements, balusters, ornamental screens, fence details;
wooden elements of the weapon - butt, fore-end;
handles of a gardening tool, for example, an ax handle.

As you can see, the listed parts have significant differences from each other, both in size and shape. If you group them according to the most common features, then it becomes obvious that processing of parts belonging to the same group requires its own design (layout) of the machine.

The principle of operation of the copier

For replication of the product, one of the copies is used, which serves as a template. Head with cutting tool(cutter) is connected in one piece with a copy probe.

In 2D milling, the probe moves along the generatrix of the copied contour, and the rotating tool repeats this movement, resulting in a copy of the template.

When milling a 3D part, the copy tip scans the 3D model and causes the cutter to move along an equidistant (similar) path. The nature of the movements of copying machines is of 2 types:

The template and the workpiece are stationary, the cutting head moves in the longitudinal direction, removing a certain amount of material in one double stroke.
The template and workpiece (one or more) rotate, and the cutter moves in the radial direction along the copier. As a result, it repeats the profile of the copied section. In this case, the cutting unit or part is uniformly moved along the longitudinal axis of the product.

A private type of copying and engraving work is the milling of drawings or ornaments according to a template, which is a pasted paper copy printed on a printer.

As a program for creating a drawing, you can use AVTOCAD, Compass, Word, Paint and others. In order not to break through the paper, a soft insert (wood or plastic) is inserted into the copying tip.

Choosing the layout of a homemade machine

What you need to know when starting to develop your original device.

First of all, you should determine what parts it is intended for. Next, you should select the shaping movements, the number of axes of the machine. For the processing of flat parts by the method of contour copying, 2 axes are sufficient: longitudinal and transverse movement. Details with low relief require another movement (perpendicular).

However, if the terrain is steep, then the tool axis must be additionally rotated to ensure Better conditions for processing. That is, it already turns out 4 axes. In some cases, 5 or more axles will be required. Representing the processing technology in your head, you should take into account all possible situations. After the manufacture of the machine, make additional movements may be problematic.

Finally, the machine must be arranged in such a way that the control forces are minimal. This means moving parts should be as light as possible. Think about which layout is better to choose: horizontal or vertical. Firstly, the convenience of work, as well as loading and unloading of workpieces, depends on it. Secondly, with a vertical layout, the chips fall directly to the floor or into the trough, and do not accumulate on the base or in the mechanisms of the machine.

The milling head should be selected as high as possible. This is an important factor, affecting the quality of processing (the height of the scallops from the cutter decreases).

A few examples

Pantograph

Photo 1: machine for cutting letters.

Used for flat threads. Its design is based on geometric figure- parallelogram. One of the properties of this mechanism is that the nodal points describe equidistant curves during movement. Moreover, if the link is lengthened, then its end point will cover a greater distance. This property allows you to use the mechanism for scaling.

The photo shows that the total length with a copying tip at the end is about 2 times longer than the side of the parallelogram. This means that the mechanism is increasing. If you copy any figure with the tip, the cutter will reduce it by 2 times. This will reduce copier errors. Do not forget that the drawing or template is enlarged in this case.

To make a pantograph, you will need a purchased milling cutter and several dry boards. Apparently it doesn't get any cheaper.

Machine with a plane-parallel mechanism

Photo 2: contour milling

The scope is also contour milling.

Unlike a pantograph, a curvilinear trajectory is obtained by adding 2 mutually perpendicular movements. The 3rd axis is used to insert the cutter into the thickness of the part. The weight at the opposite end of the swing frame is designed to balance the system.

Pay attention to a small flaw in the design: it is better to install the load on a threaded stud in order to provide for the possibility of adjustment.

Volume Milling Machine

Photo 3: volumetric milling

In the lower part of the bed there are 2 swivel attachment points for the copier and the workpiece.

The milling head is mounted on a balanced oscillating frame, which moves along mutually perpendicular guides during operation.

Instead of linear bearings or sleeves, as in the previous device, roller carriages are used here. The advantage of the design is the open base, which facilitates the removal of chips.

duplicarver-2

Photo 4: machine for flat-relief and sculptural carving

Serial machine for flat-relief and sculptural carving. An example of simplicity: they say about such constructions - two sticks, two rolling pins. Has 5 controlled axes:

4 turns (side arms, swing frame, head, work tables);
transverse movement of the head.

Longitudinal movement is obtained by adding 2 turns: levers and frame. As a power head, a German milling cutter with a power of 500 W and a spindle speed of 10-30 thousand revolutions per minute is used. Easily carried by one person (weight - 28 kg).

duplicarver-3

Photo 5: processing of long volumetric threads

2 more guide rails have been added to the previous loom (additional linear axis), and the rotary working tables are arranged vertically. As a result, it became possible to process long volumetric threads.

Below are some drawings that may be useful when making a homemade device.

Drawing 1 - pantograph device

Drawing 2 - diagram of a milling cutter mounted on a pantograph

Drawing 3 - carriage for installing a router on a flat-copier

Video: presentation of a homemade copy machine

Do-it-yourself CNC copy machine - is it possible

All the devices discussed above have manual control, that is, despite the increase in productivity, the person remains chained to the mechanism. Such work is rather monotonous and tedious. In mass and large-scale production, copy-milling machines equipped with numerical program management(CNC). All work on such equipment is reduced to loading blanks and removing finished products. As an example, the photo shows a similar machine.

The copier differs from a conventional CNC milling machine in the presence of a programming system. A traditional CNC machine works from a control program compiled by the operator in a system, for example, ARTCAM, according to a 3-D model that is developed at the design stage by a design engineer. If the product was created by a sculptor or designer, it must first be digitized, that is, a 3-D model must be created. This work is done by a software engineer.

On a CNC copy machine control program generated by the system itself. When installing a copied product, an additional CNC attachment probes the part and creates its 3-dimensional model, according to which the control program is automatically generated. Given the high cost of components, the problems with acquiring a CNC system, making your own CNC copy machine is something out of the realm of fantasy. It’s easier to make a CNC milling machine (not a copy machine), although not everyone can handle it either.

For those who are going to start their own business, making wood crafts, as well as for professional cabinetmakers, a do-it-yourself copy machine will be of great help. It can be successfully used for the purpose of decorating a country estate, outbuildings, playgrounds and other facilities. Jewelry, it would seem, the work will be done effortlessly and with high quality.