food safety requirements. General requirements for ensuring the quality and safety of food products
General requirements to quality and safety food products
The Federal Law "On the Quality and Safety of Food Products" establishes that food products intended for sale must satisfy the physiological needs of a person in the necessary substances and energy, meet the requirements usually imposed on food products in terms of organoleptic and physico-chemical indicators, and comply with the requirements established by regulatory documents. to acceptable content chemical (including radioactive), biological substances and their compounds, microorganisms and other biological organisms that pose a threat to the health of present and future generations.
The Commission remains solely responsible for the transfer of risk management measures; therefore, relevant information should be exchanged between the Authority and the Commission. Close cooperation between the Authority, the Commission and the Member States is also necessary to ensure consistency in the overall communication process.
The independence of the Authority and its role as a whistleblower for the general public means that it must be able to autonomously communicate data within its area of expertise in order to provide objective, reliable and easily understood information. The body, in addition to its operating principles based on independence and transparency, should be an organization open to contacts with consumers and other interested parties.
Nutritional value of products baby food should correspond to the functional state of the child's body, taking into account his age. Baby food products must be safe for the health of the child.
Diet food products must have properties that allow the use of such products for therapeutic and prophylactic human nutrition in accordance with the established federal body executive power in the field of health with the requirements for the organization of dietary nutrition, and be safe for human health.
The body must be financed from the general budget of the European Union. However, in the light of experience gained, especially in the processing of authorization files submitted by the industry, the possibility of charging fees should be checked within three years after the entry into force of this Regulation. The budgetary procedure of the European Union is still applicable to subsidies for the general budget of the European Union. The accounting audit should be carried out by the Accounts Chamber.
The participation of European countries which are not members of the European Union but which have signed agreements which oblige them to incorporate and apply Community law in the field covered by this Regulation should be made possible.
The shelf life of food products, materials and products is established in relation to such food products, materials and products, the quality of which after certain period from the moment of their manufacture deteriorates, which acquire properties that pose a danger to human health, and therefore lose their suitability for their intended use.
Recent food crises have shown the need for a better and wider early warning system, including food and feed. The Commission, Member States as members of the network and the Authority should manage the revised system.
Recent food safety incidents have shown that appropriate measures must be taken in emergency situations to ensure that all food of any type and origin and all feed can be subject to general measures in the event of emergency. a serious risk to human or animal health, or environment; This integrated approach to emergency food security measures should ensure effective action and avoid artificial differences in the treatment of a serious risk associated with food or feed.
The manufacture of food products, materials and products should be carried out in accordance with technical documents subject to the requirements of sanitary and veterinary rules and regulations. For the manufacture of food products, food raw materials must be used, the quality and safety of which meets the requirements normative documents.
The recent food crises have also shown how beneficial it is for the Commission to have convenient, adapted and faster procedures for crisis management. These organizational procedures should allow better coordination of efforts and determine which of them are the most representative, based on the best scientific information. The revised procedures should therefore take into account the responsibilities of the Authority and organize its scientific and technical assistance in the form of advice in the event of a food crisis.
In order to provide a more effective integrated approach to the food chain, a Committee on the Food Chain and Animal Health should be established to replace the Standing Committee on Veterinary Medicine, the Standing Committee on food products and the Standing Committee on Animal Nutrition.
In the manufacture of food raw materials, it is allowed to use feed additives, animal growth stimulants (including hormonal preparations), medicines, pesticides, agrochemicals that have passed the sanitary and epidemiological examination and state registration in the manner prescribed by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Food raw materials of animal origin are allowed for the manufacture of food products only after a veterinary and sanitary examination has been carried out and the manufacturer has received an opinion from the state veterinary service of the Russian Federation certifying the compliance of food raw materials of animal origin with the requirements of veterinary rules and regulations.
Must be provided to operators required time to adapt to some of the requirements set out in these Regulations and for the European Food Safety Authority to start work on 1 January. It is necessary and appropriate to achieve the objectives set out in these Regulations in order to regulate the convergence of the concepts, principles and procedures which form the common basis for Community food law and create the Community Food Authority. In accordance with the principle of proportionality, as set out in Article 5 of the Treaty, this Regulation should not go beyond what is necessary to achieve the objectives set.
In the manufacture of baby food and dietary food products, it is not allowed to use food raw materials manufactured using feed additives, animal growth stimulants (including hormonal preparations), certain types of medicines, pesticides, agrochemicals and other substances and compounds hazardous to human health.
Purpose and scope. This Regulation provides the basis for ensuring high level protecting human health and the interests of consumers in relation to food, taking into account, in particular, the diversity of the food supply, including traditional products, while ensuring the effective functioning of the internal market. It sets general principles and responsibilities, means to ensure reliable scientific basis and effective organizational arrangements and procedures on which decision-making on matters related to food and feed safety is based.
Food additives used in the manufacture of food products and biologically active additives must not harm human life and health. In the manufacture of food products, as well as for consumption, food additives and biologically active additives that have passed state registration in order can be used.
For the purposes of paragraph 1, these Regulations lay down general principles applicable in the Community and at national level to food and feed in general and, in particular, to its safety. In accordance with these Regulations, a European Food Safety Authority is hereby established.
Procedures have been established to deal with matters that directly or indirectly affect the safety of food and feed. This Regulation applies to all stages of the production, processing and distribution of food and feed, but not to primary products for private use or to internal training, processing or storing food for own consumption.
The manufacturer is obliged to check the quality and safety of each batch of food products, materials and products and transfer to the buyer along with food products, materials and products a certificate of quality and safety of food products, materials and products. The certificate of quality and safety of food products, materials and products is not issued for public catering products.
For the purposes of these Rules, the term "food" means any substance or product intended to enter the human body or reasonably likely to enter the human body, whether fully or partially processed. "Food" includes drinks, chewing gum and any substance, including water, voluntarily included in food during its production, preparation or processing.
For the purposes of these Rules, the following definitions apply. This applies to any stage of the production, transformation and distribution of food, as well as feed obtained for feeding animals intended for food production or supplied to such animals.
Food products must be packed and packaged in such a way as to ensure the preservation of quality and safety during their storage, transportation and sale. Individual entrepreneurs and legal entities those engaged in the packaging and packaging of food products are required to comply with the requirements of regulatory documents for the packaging and packaging of food products, their labeling, as well as for the materials used for packaging and labeling food products.
It will also cover hunting and fishing and the collection of wild products. This chapter applies to all stages of the production, processing and distribution of foodstuffs, as well as feed produced for the feeding of animals intended for the production of food or supplied to such animals.
The general principles set out in Articles 5 to 10 will constitute a general horizontal structure that must be adjusted when action is taken. Food law will pursue one or more of the general objectives of ensuring a high level of protection of human life and health, as well as protecting the interests of consumers, including fair practices in the food trade, taking into account, as appropriate, to protect animal health and welfare, phytosanitary aspects and the environment.
On labels or tags or leaflets of packaged food products, in addition to information whose composition is determined by the legislation of the Russian Federation on consumer protection, taking into account the types of food products, the following information in Russian must be indicated:
1. about nutritional value(calorie content, content of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, macro- and microelements);
2. on the purpose and conditions of use (in relation to baby food, diet food and dietary supplements);
3. about methods and conditions of manufacture ready meals(in relation to concentrates and semi-finished food products);
4. on storage conditions (in relation to food products for which requirements for the conditions of their storage are established);
5. about the date of manufacture and the date of packaging of food products.
The purpose of food legislation is to ensure the free movement in the Community of food and feed produced or sold in accordance with the principles and general requirements of this Chapter. Where international standards exist or their formulation is unavoidable, they will be taken into account in the development or adaptation of food legislation, unless those standards, or important parts of them, are ineffective or inadequate means to achieve the law's legitimate aims. or what exists scientific rationale or that the proposed level of protection differs from that established in the Community.
When selling food products, materials and products, citizens (including individual entrepreneurs) and legal entities are required to comply with the requirements of regulatory documents. IN retail it is not allowed to sell bulk and unpackaged food products, with the exception of certain types of food products, the list of which is established by the federal executive body in the field of trade in agreement with the authorized federal executive body for state sanitary and epidemiological supervision.
To achieve the overall goal of a high level of protection of human health and life, food legislation will be based on risk analysis, unless this is appropriate to the circumstances or the nature of the legislative measure. Risk determination will be based on available scientific evidence and will be carried out in an independent, objective and transparent manner.
To achieve common goals food law referred to in Article 5, risk management shall take into account the results of the risk assessment and in particular the opinions of the European Food Safety Authority referred to in Article 22, the precautionary principle when the conditions referred to in Article 7 Section 1 apply, as well as other factors, relevant to the issue under consideration.
The sale of food products of non-industrial production on the food markets is allowed only after a veterinary and sanitary examination has been carried out and the sellers have received the conclusions of the state veterinary service of the Russian Federation certifying the compliance of such food products with the requirements of veterinary rules and regulations.
In specific circumstances where, after an assessment of available information, the possibility of adverse health effects is observed, but scientific uncertainty remains, interim risk management measures may be taken to ensure the high level of health protection for which the Community has chosen, pending further scientific information that allows a more comprehensive definition of risk.
The measures taken pursuant to paragraph 1 must be proportionate and must not restrict trade beyond what is required to achieve the high level of health protection of the chosen Community, taking into account technical and economic feasibility and other factors considered to be lawful. for the problem in question. These measures will be considered within a reasonable period of time, depending on the nature of the risk observed to life or health and the type of scientific information needed to refine the uncertainty and conduct a more complete risk assessment.
In the event that a violation was committed during the sale of food products, materials and products, which led to the loss of food products, materials and products of the appropriate quality and their acquisition hazardous properties, citizens (including individual entrepreneurs) and legal entities selling food products, materials and products are obliged to remove such food products, materials and products from sale, ensure their recall from consumers, send low-quality and dangerous food products, materials and products for examination, organize their disposal or destruction.
Protection of consumer interests. Food legislation will aim to protect the interests of consumers and provide them with a basis for making informed choices about the foods they consume. It will also focus on prevention.
In the process of preparing, evaluating and reviewing food legislation, public, open and transparent consultations will be conducted either directly or through representative bodies, unless this is not possible due to the urgency of the case.
Without prejudice to Community provisions and national law applicable to access to documents, where there are reasonable grounds to suspect that food or feed may present a risk to human or animal health, the authorities, depending on the nature, severity and degree of the risk, must take appropriate measures to informing the general public of the nature of the health risk, indicating, as far as possible, the food or feed or the type of food or feed, the risk it may pose, and the measures taken or being taken to prevent, reduce or eliminate that risk.
Chapter 2. Security Requirements food products
Article 7. General requirements for food safety
1. Food products in circulation in the customs territory Customs Union during due date suitability, when used as intended, must be safe.
3. Safety indicators (except for microbiological ones) for food products of a mixed composition are determined by the contribution of individual components, taking into account the mass fractions and safety indicators for these components established by this technical regulation, unless otherwise provided by Annexes 1, , , , of this technical regulation and (or ) technical regulations of the Customs Union for certain types food products.
4. Safety indicators (except for microbiological ones) of dehydrated food products are calculated in terms of the original food (food) raw materials, taking into account the dry matter content in it and in dehydrated food products, unless otherwise established by Annexes 1, , , , and of this technical regulation and ( or) technical regulations of the Customs Union for certain types of food products.
6. Expiration dates and storage conditions of food products are set by the manufacturer.
7. The materials used for the manufacture of packaging, items in contact with food products must comply with the requirements established by the relevant technical regulations of the Customs Union.
2. Food products for pregnant and lactating women must comply with the requirements established in Annexes 1, , to this technical regulations and (or) technical regulations of the Customs Union for certain types of food products.
1) products of slaughter of productive animals and poultry subjected to repeated freezing;
2) raw materials from fish and non-fish species subjected to repeated freezing;
3) meat of productive animals of mechanical separation and poultry meat of mechanical separation;
4) collagen-containing raw materials from poultry meat;
5) blocks frozen out various kinds trimmed animal meat, as well as offal (liver, tongue, heart) with a shelf life of more than 6 months;
6) trimmed beef with a mass fraction of connective and adipose tissue over 20 percent;
7) trimmed pork with a mass fraction of adipose tissue over 70 percent;
8) trimmed lamb with a mass fraction of adipose tissue over 9 percent;
9) meat of bulls, boars and lean animals;
10) by-products of productive animals and poultry, except for the liver, tongue, heart and blood;
11) eggs and meat of waterfowl;
12) concentrated diffusion juices;
13) vegetable oils with a peroxide value of more than 2 mmol of active oxygen/kg of fat (excluding olive oil); olive oil with a peroxide value of more than 2 mmol of active oxygen/kg of fat;
14) vegetable oils: cottonseed;
15) hydrogenated oils and fats;
16) hot spices (pepper, horseradish, mustard);
10. In the production (manufacturing) of biologically active food supplements for children from 3 to 14 years old and children's herbal drinks (herbal teas) for young children, it is allowed to use only vegetable raw materials specified in Appendix 8
11. In the production (manufacturing) of food products for baby food for young children, it is allowed to use vitamins and mineral salts specified in Appendix 9 to this technical regulation.
12. In the production (manufacturing) of food products for baby food for children of all age groups in order to give a specific aroma and taste, it is allowed to use only natural food flavors (flavoring substances) and for children older than 4 months - also vanillin.
13. Plants and products of their processing, objects of animal origin, microorganisms, fungi and biologically active substances that pose a danger to human life and health and are specified in Appendix 7 to this technical regulation.
14. Biologically active food supplements (BAA) must comply with hygiene requirements food safety, established in Appendix 1, , to this technical regulation. The content in the daily dose of biologically active additives (BAA) of biologically active substances obtained from plants and (or) their extracts should be in the range from 10 to 50 percent of their single therapeutic dose, determined when these substances are used as medicines.
Article 9. Safety requirements for tonic drinks
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