Primula - description with a photo of the plant; medicinal properties of the flower and its oil; benefit and harm; use for medicine and cooking. Primula (Primula), (Primula)

Primrose is a delicate flowering plant from the Primrose family. Its name can also be translated as "primrose". IN natural environment the flower is found on the slopes of the Alps, as well as in the temperate climate of Eurasia and North America. A cap of delicate flowers on low growth appears already in the middle of spring and lasts a very long time. Today, primrose is grown not only in the garden, but also at home as a houseplant. There are many varieties with various terms flowering and appearance. Florists know how to make this beauty bloom in right time, therefore, for the holidays, pots with colorful primroses appear in abundance.

plant description

Primrose is a perennial, and occasionally an annual herbaceous plant. It has a compact size. The height during the flowering period does not exceed 20-50 cm. The plant is nourished by a fibrous branched rhizome, which is located in the upper layers of the soil. Immediately above the surface of the earth, a dense leaf rosette is formed. It contains sessile or petiolate leaves of oval, lanceolate or ovoid shape. They are painted in a gray-green hue without a pattern. The surface of the leaf is smooth or embossed, swollen between the veins. Leaf margins are either entire or finely serrated. Due to the short pile, the foliage seems fluffy and soft.

A long bare peduncle grows from the center of the rosette. Its top is decorated with a dense brush or umbrella, although there are varieties with single flowers on short legs. Regular corollas consist of five oval-shaped petals with a rounded or, conversely, pointed edge. At the base, the petals fuse into a narrow, long tube, and sharply bend along the edge. The color of the flower is very diverse (solid or variegated) - white, purple, lilac, pink and red. The center is almost always yellow. Flowers replace each other within 3-8 weeks.

After pollination by insects, oblong seed pods with soft edges ripen. Inside contains small elongated seeds with a smooth dark brown or black surface.

Variety of primroses

A very diverse genus of primrose includes about 400 plant species. Conventionally, they are divided into 38 sections.

Common primrose (vulgaris) or stemless (acaulis). This species is especially popular with gardeners. Plant height is 5-20 cm. Oval leaves with a corrugated surface grow on short petioles. They have a bright green color without spraying and grow up to 25 cm long, up to 4 cm wide. Funnel-shaped flowers with a diameter of 2-4 cm are distinguished by a variety of colors. They are grouped in a dense umbrella inflorescence and bloom in April-July.

The inhabitant of the alpine slopes grows denser, oval leaves with a smooth, shiny surface and a grayish coating. In the center of the leaf rosette there is a cylindrical stem up to 20 cm long with a dense spike-shaped inflorescence of 6-7 yellow fragrant flowers.

A rather large species up to 30 cm high grows wide oval leaves with a wrinkled surface and serrated sides. The length of the leaf reaches 20-40 cm. A dense spherical inflorescence about 10 cm in diameter blooms on a long stem. It consists of purple, lilac, red or white tubular flowers up to 15 mm in diameter. Flowering occurs in April-May and lasts up to 40 days.

Primula obconica (obconica). Herbaceous perennial with many round or oval leaves grows up to 60 cm in height. Wavy petiolate leaves in diameter reach 10 cm. A large umbrella of white, pink or purple flowers rises above them.

The plant forms a dense rosette of openwork lobed leaves. Above them grow pubescent red-brown peduncles 30-35 cm long. Each bears only a few large (4 cm in diameter) flowers.

Perennial garden variety with elongated lanceolate leaves that form a symmetrical rosette. Peduncles 40-50 cm long contain several tiers of umbrella inflorescences, which are arranged in whorls. This species belongs to the group of candelabra primroses. The diameter of tubular flowers of various shades of red is 3 cm.

An inhabitant of the south of Europe grows wrinkled oval leaves with small teeth along the edges. The length of the leaves is 5-20 cm, and the width is 2-7 cm. Beautiful delicate flowers with a diameter of 2 cm have a light yellow color with a brighter center. They are grouped in an umbrella inflorescence of 5-15 units. The height of the peduncle is 10-35 cm. Flowering begins in April and lasts up to two months. Varieties:

• Primula colossea - larger flowers with crimson petals and a yellow star in the center;
• Duplex - dark yellow throat surrounded by bright cherry petals.

On the basis of species primroses, breeders have bred many varieties primrose terry. They differ in a large number of petals compared to ordinary ones. From a distance, the buds look like small roses with softer petals. The Rosanna variety is especially popular. Bushes about 15 cm high are covered with a dense cap of narrow flowers of white, apricot, yellow, pink and red.

Reproduction methods

Primula is grown from seeds, and also propagated by dividing the bush and leaf cuttings. It should be noted that when sowing self-collected seeds, the varietal properties of especially terry primroses are not preserved. The seeds themselves quickly lose their germination capacity, so they are sown as early as possible.

Seedlings should be grown first. To do this, in mid-February, shallow boxes are prepared with a mixture of turf, sand and leafy soil. Small seeds try to distribute evenly on the surface. They are only slightly pressed into the ground. To preserve moisture, the container is covered with a film and placed in a freezer for 25-30 days. You can take the box outside. The air temperature during this period should be at -10°C.

After stratification, frozen seeds are transferred to a lighted window sill, to a room with a temperature of + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Shoots appear slowly and heterogeneously. When the seedlings reach the age of 2 weeks, the shelter is removed. Plants with 2-3 true leaves dive into another box with a greater distance. As it grows, a few more picks are carried out. For open ground, primrose seedlings will be ready only after 2 years.

A bush aged 4-5 years is recommended to be divided into several parts. This allows not only to get more plants but also to rejuvenate the existing ones. Do it in August-September. Pre-plants are well watered, dug up and carefully freed from the ground. The roots are washed in warm water, and then the plants are cut into divisions with 1-2 growth points with a knife. Slices are treated with charcoal and flowers are immediately planted in a new place.

For cuttings, a leaf with a petiole and a bud at the base is used. It is rooted in a sandy-peat substrate. In this case, half of the sheet plate is immediately removed. It is necessary to keep the stalk in a warm (+16 ... + 18 ° C) room with bright but diffused light. The appearance of new buds indicates successful rooting. After that, the cuttings are transplanted into separate pots with soil for adult plants. In the spring they can be sent to the garden.

Landing Rules

Primrose is planted in open ground in spring or early autumn. Most plants have good frost resistance. In temperate climates and more southern regions they overwinter normally under cover of leaves. The landing site should be sheltered from the wind and slightly shaded. Plants are placed near shrubs or under the light crown of garden trees.

The soil should be loose and nutritious, without stagnant water. Primrose develops best on loam. Before planting, the site is dug up and, if necessary, sand, manure, and crushed sphagnum moss are added. Depending on the height of a particular variety, the distance between plants is 10-30 cm.

Homemade primrose should be repotted annually after flowering. Overgrown bushes are divided into parts. As a result, the leaves will be brighter, and flowering more abundant. The soil for indoor primroses is made up of peat, leaf and sod soil with the addition river sand. A thick layer of drainage material must be laid out at the bottom of the pot.

Primrose care

At right choice places care for primrose will not cause much trouble.

Lighting. Direct sunlight is contraindicated for the plant, burns quickly appear on it. It is better to keep it in shady places where the sun hits only in the early morning or at sunset.

Temperature. Optimum temperature air for primrose is + 16 ... + 22 ° C. Most of the time, flowers are kept outside or regularly ventilate the room. To bloom longer, you need to place the plants where the temperature is maintained + 12 ... + 15 ° C.

Humidity. Usually all types of primrose adapt well to natural humidity. However, they gratefully respond to periodic spraying. In too dry air, the edges of the leaves curl up and dry out.

Watering. The soil at the roots of primrose should always be slightly moist, but not waterlogged. It is better to water it often, but little by little. Water should be soft, well purified. At the end of flowering, irrigation is reduced.

Fertilizer. Several times a season, plants are fed with a mineral complex with a low nitrogen content. Begin to fertilize in early spring. During the period of budding and flowering, top dressing is stopped and resumed only at the end of summer.

In landscape design

garden primrose thanks to a wide variety of colors, it allows you to create an amazing ornament on the site. Since flowering varies greatly in terms, you can pick up varieties that, replacing each other, will delight from April to August. Flowers are used to decorate a rabatka, an alpine hill, flower beds in the shade of trees, edging a border, shrubs, and a high bank of a reservoir. They look good in the neighborhood of muscari, tulips, daffodils, irises, phlox, soapwort. Some species with inflorescences on long stems are cut to make bouquets.

A beautiful garden plant, pleasing with a variety of beautiful flowers, early flowering and unpretentious character, is known as perennial primrose. Photos with detailed instructions for breeding primrose can be easily found on gardening sites. Aesthetic qualities combined with ease of care make this flower increasingly popular with both housewives and landscape designers.

What does a garden perennial primrose look like?

Primula is a beautiful perennial primrose

The primrose flower is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Primrose. Under natural conditions, it grows in northern Africa and Central Asia, in Europe, as well as in the Middle East. The plant has a powerful root system, which makes up its underground part. The leaf rosette, located in close proximity to the rhizome, consists of simple or dissected, sessile or petiolate leaves of an oblong-oval shape. There are varieties with a wrinkled or dense, leathery leaf blade of a gray-green color. At first glance, it may even seem that the leaves are covered with a slight coating of wax. But the greatest decorative value is not bright foliage and colorful primrose flowers. They are attached to delicate stems on elongated leafless peduncles. The arrangement can be solitary, but more often the flowers are collected in inflorescences of a pyramidal, spherical, umbrella-shaped or bell-shaped form. Tubular buds with a funnel-shaped or flat limb cover the bush abundantly, impressing with their beauty and variety of colors. At the end of flowering, fruits are formed on the plant in the form of a cylindrical or spherical polyseed.

Primula perfectly adapts to the conditions environment and can be cultivated at home in Russia.

In addition to the garden, primroses grow wonderfully at home in pots.

Types and varieties of garden perennial primroses

The family Primulaceae (also found as Primrose) has more than half a thousand species, which makes it one of the most numerous in the world flora. It is interesting that species not described by scientists are found in nature to this day. A huge variety of different varieties allows gardeners to realize the most daring ideas and create amazing flower arrangements on their site. Naturally, before buying, you should familiarize yourself with the distinctive features of each species to make sure that you can create for a flower. the necessary conditions. In addition, knowing all the necessary information, choosing a hybrid with the desired color, shape of inflorescences and leaf color will be much easier. Let's get started!

There is a huge variety of species and varieties of primrose

Common primrose (stemless)

This species is distinguished by a short rhizome, consisting of thick, dense, cord-like roots. The leaves are lanceolate, their width reaches 6 centimeters, and the length is 25 centimeters. They can partially remain on the plant during wintering.

The common primrose has pale yellow or snow-white single flowers with a purple throat, which are located on short peduncles (6-15 cm). Petals are dicotyledonous. During the flowering period, which begins in March, the bush is densely covered with colorful buds, so the stemless primrose looks like a festive bouquet. The most popular varieties:

• virginia - snow-white buds with a yellowish throat;
• giga white - has white flowers;
• cerulea - rich flowers with a bright yellow throat.

Primrose stemless has a very short stem, from which it takes its name.

It is an evergreen herbaceous perennial with thick, leathery leaves of rich green color with a slightly serrated border. They are covered with a slight powdery coating, can be oval or oblong. The flowers of the ear primrose are painted yellow and reach up to 2 centimeters in diameter. Note that gardeners value hybrid varieties of this species more, as they have excellent decorative properties. For example, there are varieties whose buds are painted in several bright colors at once (jonathan), and also have an unusual pattern on the petals. As a rule, flowers are formed on delicate peduncles (10-25 cm), have a yellowish throat and gather in umbrella-shaped inflorescences.

Ear primrose or auricola - has large bright rosettes of flowers

It is a natural hybrid, which is based on species such as ear primrose and stiff-haired. This is a fairly compact herbaceous perennial growing up to 15 centimeters in height. The obovate leaflets are collected in a miniature basal rosette (2-8 cm), have finely serrated edges, and are also densely covered with tiny grayish villi. The leaf blade is painted green on the outside, and on the inside it has a fawn color, the entire surface of the leaves is covered with powdery coating. The flowers are located on erect, powerful, powdery pedicels, the length of which varies from 5 to 15 centimeters. Inflorescences in the form of apical umbrellas consist of 15-20 flowers directed to the top.

Flowering lasts from early May to June. The pubescent primrose is a frost-resistant plant that can withstand temperatures as low as -29 ° C.

The pubescent primrose is a hybrid of the auricular and rough-haired primrose, which has a beautiful rosette with small villi on the petals along the edges.

The plant is a bushy perennial with large globular inflorescences, which consist of a large number of snow-white, purple, burgundy or lilac flowers. In diameter, the inflorescence can grow up to 10 centimeters, and the diameter of the flowers is 0.5-2.5 centimeters. Interestingly, at the beginning of flowering, oblong, lanceolate, wrinkled leaves of light green color are practically invisible, and the peduncle rises above the bush by only 2-3 centimeters. After a few weeks, it grows, and the height of the inflorescences increases to 20-25 centimeters. At the same time as the peduncle, the leaves also grow, which can grow from 5-7 centimeters (at the beginning of flowering) to 20 centimeters. During the period of fruit ripening, the length of the peduncle varies from 30 to 50 centimeters, and the leaf blade increases to 30-40 centimeters. Note that the finely toothed primrose blooms from April to mid-June. The stems and foliage of the plant are covered with a specific powdery coating, so experts do not recommend moistening them.

Primula finely toothed has spherical inflorescences of small flowers on a peduncle that grows as the plant grows.

The Japanese primrose is a special variety, as it is somewhat different from its relatives. Firstly, it is characterized by rather late flowering, which begins in June, and not in April-May. Secondly, its inflorescences have an uncharacteristic form for primroses, which breeders dubbed candelabra. They are located on an oblong peduncle, capable of reaching up to 40 centimeters in length. On it, colorful whorls gradually begin to bloom, which include 5-7 small buds. In adult primroses, the pedicel can have up to 6 tiers. Interestingly, when the upper inflorescences are just beginning to bloom, seeds are already forming and ripening on the lower ones.

This species belongs to long-flowering, since its flowering period averages 30-40 days. This distinguishes it from other varieties and causes such a wide popularity among gardeners. By the way, a powerful, long peduncle allows you to use the Japanese primrose for cutting and forming bouquets.

Japanese primrose is a candelabra late form of primrose that begins to bloom from May, but gradually

florinda primrose

It is a perennial herbaceous plant, which is characterized by abundant flowering and unusual bell-shaped buds. Bright leaves are collected in dense rosettes, above which drooping rich yellow flowers rise on long pedicels, collected in neat inflorescences. Naturally, a perennial requires a lot of strength to form buds, so experts recommend thinning it out annually. The bush should be trimmed so that no more than 3-4 powerful outlets remain on it. If you properly care for Florinda primrose, she will thank you for a long flowering, lasting from June to August. Also noteworthy is the captivating fragrance of flowers spreading throughout the garden. Keep in mind that in winter, a delicate flower will need a shelter that protects it from frost and gusts of wind.

Primula florinda is a bell-shaped species of primrose that thrives near water bodies.

Of particular interest to gardeners are early-flowering varieties, one of the representatives of which is Voronov's primrose. The plant is a fairly compact bush, growing up to 20 centimeters. It has ovate basal leaves and delicate pinkish-purple flowers that form beautiful umbellate inflorescences. Flowering begins in April and continues until mid-May. This graceful flower will be an excellent addition to other hybrids.

By planting several varieties on the site that bloom at different times, you can enjoy the amazing flowering of primrose throughout the spring-summer period.

Primula Voronova - an early small variety of the primrose species akaulis

Primrose small

This undersized variety will undoubtedly appeal to lovers of miniature plants. It looks great both as an independent plant and as an addition to flower arrangements from other varieties. Under natural conditions, a small primrose is found in rocky areas of Central and Southern Europe. The height of an adult bush is only 5-7 centimeters, and the width is 10-12 centimeters. The flowering period falls on the middle of May-end of June. Note that flower transplantation should be carried out in humus-rich, well-drained acidic soil, otherwise a small number of flowers will form on the bush.

Little primrose is miniature variety primrose, which most often grows in rocky terrain

Primula Julia is one of the most popular varieties cultivated in Russia, Belarus and Ukraine. Its main advantage is long and abundant flowering, which lasts from April to May. Even novice gardeners can grow and propagate this variety, because it is unpretentious, hardy and resistant to low temperatures. Its serrated leaves are rich green color. Typically used as a ground cover or border plant to displace unsightly weeds.

Primula Julia is a small ground cover primrose from the Caucasus, which is unpretentious and blooms for a long time

It is a herbaceous perennial with a short horizontal rhizome. Spring primrose has oblong, wrinkled, obovate foliage. There are species with indistinctly crenate or serrated leaves, forming a loose basal rosette, from the middle of which a bare peduncle emerges. Five-membered, dimorphic yellow flowers reach up to 15 millimeters in diameter. They droop slightly to one side, differ in a ten-toothed cup and form an umbrella-shaped inflorescence tilted to the side.

This is a long-flowering species, so you can enjoy bright flowers from May to early July.

Spring primrose or veris is considered a medicinal plant, often used for decoctions and infusions.

Primula high

Perhaps the name speaks for itself: a high primrose can grow up to 35 centimeters in height. It reaches such dimensions thanks to a powerful root system, which is formed by many cord-like brown roots. Leaf blades are lanceolate or ovoid and covered with fine wrinkles. Often the edges of the leaves of the plant are framed with small teeth, and their inner side pubescent with grayish hairs. Small flowers (diameter 2-3 cm) are collected in lush umbrella-shaped brushes. Primrose is not only beautiful, but also fragrant, so plant a few perennial bushes near the gazebo.

The main difference between high primroses is long peduncles

Primrose deviated (Siebold's primrose)

This herbaceous perennial is of medium size and can reach up to 25 centimeters in height. It has a thin, strongly branched, long rhizome. Lanceolate-oval, serrated leaves are located on elongated petioles. Often there are hybrids, the leaf blade of which is densely covered with tiny villi. Peduncles with large flowers majestically rise above the green bush. Depending on the variety, the buds collected in umbellate inflorescences can be painted pink, purple or pale purple with a white throat. Flowering lasts from early May to June.

Primula Siebold is a Japanese primrose variety with serrated leaves.

Primrose pink is a spring perennial that enchants with its incredible beauty and bright colors. The height of an adult plant is 30 centimeters. It has wrinkled leaves narrowed into a small petiole and long arrows (20-30 cm). The buds are painted bright pink color and form umbellate inflorescences. Most often, this type is used to decorate lawns and borders. For rapid growth and abundant flowering, the bush requires loose, fertile soil and a large amount of moisture, so it should be watered abundantly and fertilized in the soil.

Primrose pink is great for growing on an alpine hill

Primula Bisa

The bush is formed by oblong obovate leaves, collected in rosettes. The leaf blade is narrowed towards the base, has a blunt apex and is covered with small teeth along the edges. The variety is distinguished by rather dense, hard, long (up to 50 cm) peduncles, which are covered with a slight powdery coating. They have bright candelabra inflorescences, consisting of 8-16 large flowers. They are collected in whorls and form on the peduncle from 2 to 8 tiers. The opened bud reaches 2 centimeters in diameter. Depending on the variety you choose, the buds may have a pink, raspberry or carmine color.

Primula Byssa is a candelabra species of primrose

As a rule, the presented variety is grown as a biennial, but a perennial cultivation option is also possible. Beautiful, long (up to 40 cm) leaves have an uneven jagged border and fall off in the winter. Inflorescences are located on high (up to 50 cm) peduncles in 5-7 tiers. The flowers can be yellow-orange or orange and bloom from June to July. Primula Bullea looks great near ponds and streams, and is also well suited for creating flower arrangements.

When placing a plant in open ground, care should be taken to ensure reliable winter shelter, since the flower does not tolerate exposure to low temperatures.

Primula Bullea is a candelabra species of primrose with a tiered arrangement of flowers.

One of the highest types. Peduncles are quite thin, but despite this, they can reach up to 75 centimeters in length. Powerful, erect stems are covered with a slight powdery coating. The leaves are oval or lanceolate in shape and gather in a dense basal rosette. The drooping buds make up lush multi-flowered umbellate apical inflorescences, located on the peduncle in several tiers. The funnel-shaped corolla is colored pale yellow or cream. The flowering period falls on May-June. The plant is able to withstand frosts down to -23°C, prefers to grow in wetlands or well-moistened areas.

It is a compact bushy perennial that does not grow above 20 centimeters. The basal leaves converge into delicate rosettes, from which flower stalks rise majestically. Spatulate-lanceolate leaves can be entire or finely serrated. Foliage, stems and flower stalks are covered with a whitish-yellow mealy coating. Purple, pinkish-lilac or deep purple flowers have a bright throat and are collected in umbrella-shaped brushes.

The plant blooms from May to June, but proper care may re-bloom in early September.

Powdery primrose is a primrose with umbrella inflorescences and the presence of white or yellow bloom on plants

This variety is usually cultivated in room conditions, placing a flowerpot with a bush on a windowsill or balcony (in summer period) apartments. It is a herbaceous annual plant growing up to half a meter. The leaves collected in a dense rosette are attached to dense petioles. The leaf blade can be oval or heart-shaped, as well as an unusual serrated border. Leafless pedicels rise above the bush, on which several whorls are located. As a rule, the inflorescence consists of 10-20 small fragrant flowers. The buds can be painted in pink, red or snow-white, the pharynx is yellow. The plant will delight you with colorful flowers in the middle of winter, giving you a spring mood.

Primula softleaf is usually suitable for growing indoors.

This is a perennial with beautiful grayish-green serrated leaves, rounded and heart-shaped, covered with a pronounced powdery coating. Umbrella-shaped inflorescences of tiny yellow flowers are placed on tall peduncles. As a rule, the length of the peduncle varies from 20 to 30 centimeters, and the diameter of the flower does not exceed 1 centimeter. The buds have a very subtle, pleasant aroma, so the plant is often placed near gazebos or at home.

Primula kyusskaya - another type of primrose for growing indoors

Chinese primrose

It is a herbaceous perennial. A bush placed in the garden, as a rule, grows up to 30 centimeters. It has petiolate leaves of a rounded heart shape, collected in a powerful rosette and reaching 10-15 centimeters in length. The edge of the leaf blade is serrated. Umbrella inflorescences are on tall peduncles. The flowers are quite large (4 cm). There are varieties with snow-white, pink, red or orange buds, as well as wavy petals. The Chinese primrose will only bloom every year if after each bloom you artificially arrange a dormant stage for it.

The structure of Primula sinensis Primula sinensis is perfect for growing in the garden and at home

The reverse conical primrose is native to China and is one of the tallest members of the family. An adult plant reaches a height of more than half a meter, has pubescent oval leaves with a heart-shaped base, located on oblong petioles. The edges of the leaf blade are slightly wavy. At the root, the foliage gathers into several powerful rosettes. Leafless peduncles grow up to 25 centimeters, the inflorescences are umbrella-shaped. The color of the buds depends on the chosen hybrid. On the market there are varieties with scarlet, blue, snow-white or pink flowers.

Note that fragrant flowers can cause allergies in people susceptible to strong odors. In this case, we recommend giving preference to special hypoallergenic hybrids bred by breeders specifically to prevent allergic reactions.

Primula obconica has another name - Primula obconica

We have presented to your attention the most common types of primroses, but recently such hybrids as multi-flowered primrose (polyanthus), terry, obkonika, akaulis (acaulis), colossea, Elizabeth Killeley evening, jeans, Dutch and rosanne have become increasingly popular. Of particular interest are the variety mix, which is a mixture of different species planted in one container.

How to care for primrose at home

Breeding primrose is not such a difficult task as it might seem at first glance. After reviewing the main recommendations of experts on creating optimal conditions for a flower, you can grow a healthy plant and even propagate it.

Lighting

The perennial primrose is distinguished by a wide variety of varieties, which allows you to get aesthetic pleasure from contemplating beautiful flowers throughout the spring and autumn period. Almost all varieties suitable for growing in garden conditions are unpretentious, so a garden area where other plants do not want to grow may be suitable for primrose. When caring for a primrose, it should be remembered that this flower prefers diffused lighting, direct sunlight is harmful to it.

Planting a plant requires compliance with a number of simple rules. Varieties of primrose that prefer direct sunlight are very few, so when choosing a place to grow these bright flowers, you should focus on shaded areas and partial shade flower beds.

Primroses are unpretentious in care, but it is preferable to choose places with diffused lighting for them.

Temperature

In summer, the plant is best kept on an open balcony or in the garden. After the end of the flowering season and with the onset of cold weather, home primrose becomes a full-fledged indoor flower. Primrose is great for growing outdoors as it prefers cool temperatures. For example, home flowers are best kept at 16-20 ° C, and during flowering they are generally recommended to be transferred to the northern windowsill. Naturally, the plant will grow well under normal room temperature, but in this case, you should not hope for a long flowering. Sometimes, primrose pots are even placed between the frames of old windows to provide it with optimal conditions.

In summer, indoor primroses are best taken outdoors.

Humidity

The flower signals a lack of moisture by drying the edges of the leaves. The atmosphere around the primrose should be moist, from time to time the leaves should be sprayed with warm and soft water.

Primroses - moisture-loving flowers

How to water primrose

During the dormant period, when the flower does not bloom, it is watered moderately, avoiding excess moisture that can destroy the roots of the primrose. During flowering, primrose requires abundant watering, so as soon as the soil on the surface of the flowerpot begins to dry out, moisten it with settled warm water. Watering should be carried out directly under the root, otherwise the tender leaves may rot.

top dressing

Care at home implies the mandatory feeding of the plant. Most flower growers do not recommend feeding the plant with too saturated fertilizer, it is better to dilute it heavily. It is preferable to apply top dressing in a complex way, starting from the moment the buds appear. Before the first signs of flowering, it is not worth fertilizing the plant, as it will refuse to bloom and give all its strength to the leaf. During the period active flowering primrose should be fed every 14 days.

Bloom

As already noted, during flowering, primrose requires a cool temperature, high humidity air and abundant watering. Also, one should not forget about top dressing, which will help to prolong flowering somewhat and give the plant the necessary components for the formation of colorful buds.

How to speed up the flowering of primrose

To accelerate flowering and stimulate plant growth, it is sprayed with special means. A 0.01% gibberellin solution is perfect. Such preparations should be used at the stage when buds are just beginning to form on the primrose.

You can speed up the flowering of primroses with a 0.01% solution of gibberellin

Primrose care after flowering

After the flowering period, the plant should be cut off, the faded buds removed from the bush and the primrose should be prepared for wintering. Watering and moistening is recommended to be reduced, top dressing should be carried out no more than once a month.

How to prune primrose

Pruning consists in removing flower stalks with faded inflorescences. This procedure is carried out so that the primrose does not waste energy on the formation of seeds. Thus, you somewhat prolong flowering and stimulate the blooming of the following flowers. Also, do not forget to cut off yellowing and withered leaves.

How primrose reproduces

This bright and positive flower is not only easy to care for, but also provides gardeners with several options for propagation:

• growing from seed;
• plant cuttings;
• division of the bush.

Let's consider each of them in more detail.

How to grow primrose from seeds

Recently, the method of propagation of primrose seeds has become increasingly popular. Despite the fact that experts refer to this method as one of the most energy-intensive and labor-intensive, many amateurs prefer it. Primroses grown from seeds surprise their owners with unexpected colors and a riot of colors, while signs mother plant are not always saved.

Before sowing primrose seeds, it is better to stratify them.

At home, primrose is grown from seeds in compliance with the same technologies that are used when propagating a garden flower:

• before planting in the soil, the seeds are kept in a cold place for several days (this procedure is called stratification);
• after aging, the seeds are planted in moist soil to a depth of 5 millimeters; you can also sow primrose in peat tablets;
• after the first shoots (after four to six weeks), the sprouts are carefully observed, waiting for the first leaves to appear;
• the appearance of the first leaves serves as a signal for picking plants;
• grown seedlings are planted several pieces in one pot.

Please note that primrose from seeds blooms only in the second or third year.

The division of the bush

This method is considered the most popular among gardeners due to its simplicity and accessibility, especially since such a procedure should be carried out regularly anyway: young bushes must be separated from old ones so that the plants do not interfere with each other. The overgrown primrose is dug out of the ground, the roots are washed under running water and divided with a sharp knife. The separated plant is immediately planted in the ground and provided with daily watering.

Garden primrose reproduces well by dividing the bush

cuttings

Slightly less popular is the cutting method. By the way, this method is more preferable for the primrose itself. Photos showing the cutting procedure can be easily found on the Web. When cutting, first of all, a small incision is made on the upper part of the root, which will provoke the growth of the kidneys. After the shoot grows, it is transplanted into the soil and watered regularly.

leaf cuttings

Leaf cuttings are also excellent for propagation. To do this, select a few strong leaves, shorten them by one third, and then treat with a special stimulant for root formation. The resulting seedlings are planted in individual pots with a substrate, deepening the cutting by 2 centimeters. Before the appearance of a pair of true leaves, a small primrose should be kept under special shelter.

How to transplant primrose

If you were given this beautiful flower or you purchased it from a flower shop, you will most likely need to repot the plant. This is the only way you can be sure that the soil and pot size are ideal for your primrose. Also, transplantation is carried out at the end of the flowering period.

The soil

Primula is known as a grateful flower, sensitive to care. Experts say that the main requirement for care that ensures the comfort of the plant is maintaining the optimal level of soil moisture in which the perennial primrose grows. Planting a flower provides for a high-quality selection of soil mixture.

Due to the weakness of the root system inherent in most types of primroses, the ground under these flowers should be loose and permeable, clean, and free from weeds.

Pot selection and planting

If you live in the city and want to decorate your window sill with a wonderful flower, a potted primrose is the best choice. It does not require a large flowerpot. It is enough that it is about twice the size of the bush. First, fill the pot with drainage one third, then pour into it part of the substrate, consisting of a special soil mixture and sand. Remove the plant from the old pot, shake off the earth well and place it in a new one, placing root collar closer to the surface. Be very careful with the roots so as not to damage them. Now you just have to pour plenty of primrose with purified water and add soil to the required level. Be careful not to get water on tender leaves, otherwise they may rot.

When indoor primrose grows, it is transplanted into a larger pot.

Landing in open ground

Experts recommend planting primrose in spring or autumn. The most suitable period will be from the end of May to the beginning of June. Choose a shady spot for the plant, protected from direct sunlight. Only alpine primrose hybrids can be planted in the sun. Before planting, you should thoroughly loosen and moisten the soil, apply complex fertilizers. It is also necessary to take care of drainage to prevent stagnant water in the soil. If the soil in your garden is excessively heavy and clayey, lighten it up a bit by adding a mixture of sand, manure, vermiculite and moss. The distance you need to adhere to when planting primrose depends largely on the variety you choose. For miniature hybrids, 10-15 centimeters will be sufficient, and tall species need twice as much space, so they are planted 20-30 centimeters apart. Planting should be quite tight, otherwise the flower arrangement will look unaesthetic. The application of complex fertilizers will help to accelerate growth and increase the flowering time of the plant.

The grown seedlings of primulus from pots are transplanted into open ground

Primrose care after planting

After planting, the primrose needs some time to root and adapt to a new place. During this period, seedlings need regular watering, loosening the soil and top dressing. Do not forget to remove weeds weekly that interfere with the development of the root system of the flower. In summer, watering is doubled, increasing the water consumption to 3 liters per 1 m².

As top dressing, it is recommended to use complex mineral fertilizers well diluted with water. The dosage indicated in the instructions is usually reduced by 1.5-2 times, and the feeding procedure is carried out weekly. Also alternate phosphorus and potash mixtures to make it easier for the perennial to recuperate after the formation of lush buds.

Diseases and pests of primrose

The most common cause of various diseases and pests is improper flower care. For example, yellowing leaves indicate insufficient air humidity or primrose content at excessively high temperatures, excessive watering or top dressing. Too frequent and abundant watering often leads to the fact that the plant is affected by gray rot, which destroys the stems and root system of the plant. Adjust the irrigation system, remove wilted stems and transplant the primrose into a new substrate. As for pests, most often the primrose suffers from spider mites or aphids. Treating them with an insecticide for indoor plants will help get rid of them.

With improper care, primroses can be affected by gray rot.

Primula is not only an excellent ornamental plant, but also a storehouse of healing substances. This is not a secret, because it has long been used in folk medicine. For example, the benefits of decoctions and tinctures using primrose flowers and leaves have long been proven by scientists. Based on the plant, capsules, herbal teas and other preparations are made. Naturally, you can use any remedy only on the recommendation of the attending physician, who will indicate the required dosage and write out the exact dosage regimen. Primrose oil is the most widely used, as it has a number of useful properties. It is taken for women's diseases and cycle disorders, diseases of cardio-vascular system, mental disorders and even during pregnancy. The range of use is quite wide, so primrose oil should be in every first aid kit. Note that the purchase of medicinal products should be carried out exclusively in a pharmacy, since a drug purchased in a supermarket or on the market may not meet quality standards and harm the body. As for manufacturers, Solgar and Ginocomfort products have a lot of good reviews.

Together with us, the first flowers meet spring. For the most part, these are representatives of the bulbous. They are tender, fragile and a little cold, like the first spring months. Therefore, against the background of these flowers, the perennial primrose stands out, from which it breathes with the warmth of the sun and the promise of a long-awaited summer.

Primrose or primrose (Primula) family Primroses are rhizomatous herbaceous low perennials, flowering mainly in spring, although there are some summer-flowering species. Whole wrinkled leaves have a slight edge, they form a basal rosette. Flowering stems do not have leaves. Flowers come in a surprisingly varied color, there are two and even three-colored. They are located on peduncles singly or form various inflorescences. After flowering, a fruit box is formed with small dark brown seeds. All species reproduce well by seed, and many by dividing the bush. You can learn more about caring for primroses.

This flower is distributed throughout the world, therefore, accordingly, it has a lot of species, more than four hundred. In almost every country, it is covered with legends and myths, it is considered medicinal and mystical. For early flowering, primroses are called spring primroses, for wavy pubescent leaves - “rams”, and also “keys”, since the inflorescence resembles a bunch of small keys.

In the spring, having missed warmth and flowers, we meet bulbous primroses with special tenderness and joy. The largest of…

Primrose classifications

Although primroses are well studied and described by botanists, their huge variety makes classification quite difficult.

A unified universal classification has not yet been created. Officially, the primrose genus is divided into 7 subgenera: Sphondylia, Auriculastrum, Primula, Auganthus, Carolinella, Aleuritia, Craibia.

These plants differ from each other in shape, size, color of flowers and leaves, type of inflorescences, flowering time, that is, morphological features. On this basis, 23 (sometimes 30 or 38) sections or groups were identified.

The English Royal Horticultural Society has compiled its own, easier-to-use classification, which divides primroses into 3 large groups.

Florists for practical use made a division into groups according to the shape of the inflorescences and their location.

Let us briefly consider these variants of classifications.

Classification according to morphological features

As we have already indicated above, the classification of primroses according to external features distinguishes 23-38 sections. Consider only those species that can be grown on the territory of our country (approximately in the middle lane).

1. Mealy primroses

Mealy primroses (Primula Fariaosa, Aleuritia). A characteristic feature of this group is the presence of white or yellow plaque on the plants. Small flowers form umbrella inflorescences. These are moisture-loving plants that require little shelter for the winter, are short-lived. This section includes more than 80 species.

Primula mealy
Primula Gallera

We will name just a few of them. This is a native of the Balkans, thick-leaved primrose (Rrimula frondosa), originally from the Alpine and Carpathian mountains, Haller's primrose (Rrimula halleri), mealy primrose (Primula fariaosa) grows on Far East, the north of the European part of Russia, the north of Mongolia and in the mountains of Western Europe.

2. Primrose OREOPHLOMIS

Primrose pink

Primroses OREOPHLOMIS (Primula Oreophlomis) - this section includes low early flowering species. Distinctive features of this group are smooth leaves with a serrated edge and bright pink flowers with a small yellow eye.

The pink primrose (Primula rosea) most clearly represents the group. A lover of wet soils from the Himalayas. Young leaves with teeth on the edge have a bronze tint, but gradually become light green. Peduncles are short and at first it seems that the flowers lie on the leaves, but gradually grow up to 15 cm. Small (about 1 cm) pink flowers bloom in May.

On sale you can find a variety of Rosea Grandiflora with large flowers.

3. Primrose auricles

Auricula primroses, or auriculastrum (Primula Auricula, Auriculastrum) - this section includes 21 species native to Europe. These are low-growing plants with dense leaves, stems and flowers are covered with a white powdery coating. The color of the buds can be lilac, yellow, pink or purple, sometimes with a white eye.

Let's take a look at several types.

Auricula or ear primrose (Rrimula auricula) - grows in the mountain meadows of southern Europe. The leaves are dense, dark green, with barely visible teeth along the edge, can reach 20 cm. Traditionally, the flowers are yellow (up to 3 cm), but hybrids amaze with a variety of colors and their combination, there are multi-flowered varieties, as well as with contrasting eyes. All this flower splendor is collected in an umbrella at the top of the stem (10-25 cm). Flowering is long April-June. It may have several flower stalks. Leaves and flowers are abundantly "powdered".

Primula ear terry Crimson Glow
Primrose ear terry Susannah
Primula ear terry Jupp

This species has many varieties. In addition to the chic flower, the orange-yellow variety Jupp has a delicate aroma. Reminiscent of small roses primrose ear terry. Very beautiful with dense double dark cherry flowers Crimson Glow, pale pink with a light yellow base Susannah. An unusual Max variety, its flowers are black in the shade, becoming cherry in the sun.

Primrose pubescent Rubin

Primula pubescent (Рrimula pubescens) is a section of large-flowered hybrids, in the selection of which primroses were eared, hairy (P. Villosa), sticky (P. Viscosa), hard-haired (P. Hirsuta). This group is divided into three subgroups: Belgian, English and terry auricles. They differ in the color of the eye and the presence of plaque.

Velvet ruby-cherry flower with a large yellow center in the Rubin variety, white-cream with a yellow eye in the White variety, light purple also with a yellow eye in the Violeta variety.

This section also includes small primrose (Рrimula minima), Delekluza (Рrimula clusiana), hairy (Рrimula villosa), carniolian (Рrimula carniolica), rough-haired (Рrimula hirsuta), fringed (Рrimula marginata).

primrose hairy
Primula delecluse Primula carniolia

4. Cortusiform primroses

Primrose cortusoides (Primula Corthusoides) - unite the inhabitants of Europe, Siberia, Japan, Korea, China. These species do not have a powdery coating, they have funnel-shaped flowers and petiolate leaves. This section includes the following types.

Primula cortusoides (Primula сorthusoides) is our West Siberian beauty. The leaves are oval-oblong with teeth along the edge, covered with long hairs, located on long petioles. Peduncle (from 10 to 40 cm) is also pubescent. At its top, the flowers are collected in a multi-flowered umbrella. Pinkish-purple petals have a deep groove in the middle. Blooms in late May and blooms until the end of June.

Primula Siebold (Рrimula sieboldii) is a native of Japan. It is distinguished by very decorative leaves, which, due to the special shape of the teeth along the edge, seem to be wavy. Multi-flowered umbrellas of various colors are located on peduncles 15-20 cm long. It blooms for a long time (almost 2 months) starting from the end of April. Thanks to well-branched rhizomes, it grows quickly.

Primula Siebold Aoyagizome
Primula Siebold Shibori Gasane

Of the original varieties, I would like to note the Aoyagizome variety, white with rare light green spots, the Shibori Gasane variety, white with frequent pink strokes. Flowers of the Trade Winds variety series look like carved snowflakes.

This group also includes - rock primrose (Рrimula saxatilis), rejected (Рrimula patens), multi-nervous (Рrimula polyneura).

5. Dental primroses

Toothed primroses (Primula Denticulaia) - this section includes two species.

Primrose Capitate Salvana

Primrose capitate (Рrimula capitata) - this species is common in Tibet and India. The leaves are oblong with a blunt top, wrinkled, collected in a basal rosette. On a peduncle (15-30 cm), a capitate inflorescence is formed from small velvety purple flowers. The whole plant is "powdered" with a white bloom. Blooms almost all summer. In our area it is used mainly as an annual plant.

It has decorative varieties such as Noverna Deep Blue, Salvana.

Primula finely toothed

Small-toothed primrose (Rrimula denticulata) - differs from other species in pretty inflorescences-balls, consisting of small flowers of a traditional lilac range. Peduncles grow constantly: at first they are only 2-3 cm, but gradually, by the middle of flowering they already reach 20 cm, and at the end of the season even 30 cm. The whole plant is “powdered” with a yellowish coating. Primula dentate begins flowering in April, it lasts more than a month. Gives self-seeding and winters well.

Primula finely toothed is represented by various decorative varieties. Dense balls of small flowers with tiny yellow eyes are deep pink in Deep Rose, lilac blue in Cashmeriana, deep crimson in Rubra. Primula "Alba" will delight with white small clouds.

Has a primrose fine-toothed variety series. For example, Corolla, "Pon-pon" consist of different colors (white, purple, red).

6. Yulia primroses

Primrose Julia (Julia) - this section includes actually one species. Often this group also includes primrose prugonitskaya.

Primula Julia (Rrimula juliae) comes from Eastern Transcaucasia. This miniature plant(10 cm). The leaves are oval, with rounded teeth along the edge, located on long petioles. Lilac-purple flowers (up to 3 cm) are located one at a time at the top of the peduncle. They have a rather long flower tube (2 cm) and a deep groove in the middle of the petal. Blooms early in April and blooms for more than a month.

Primula Julia Sneeuwwitje
Primula Julia Riga-6

There are many varieties and hybrids of this species. A popular Sneeuwwitje variety with snow-white petals and a lemon eye. The pleasant lilac-blue color contrasts well with the yellow eye of the Blue Julianas hybrid. An old but very attractive Riga-6 variety, the warmth of spring is reflected in its rich pink petals and yellow-orange center.

Prugonitskaya primrose (Рrimula pruhoniciana) are hybrids of Yulia primrose (Рrimula juliae) and other species. For example, raspberry-purple with a bright yellow eye Wanda.

7. Primrose muscarioides

Primrose muscarioides is a section of plants native to Tibet and the Himalayas. Most often grown as biennials. Their distinctive feature is long pointed inflorescences, uncharacteristic for primroses.

Primula vial or orchid primrose (Рrimula vialii) - this species is quite difficult to take root in our climate, but it is worth it to make a little effort. The leaves are long lanceolate (up to 30 cm), with teeth along the edge and a very weak edge. The peduncle is covered with powdery coating, grows up to 20 cm (in our area up to 15 cm). The inflorescence, somewhat reminiscent of a small corncob, consists of many rich red buds, which, gradually blooming (from bottom to top), turn into pale lilac flowers with a pleasant light smell. Flowering continues from June to July.

This group also includes primrose muscariform (Рrimula muscarioides). This summer-flowering species is very rare in our country.

8. Primrose

Primulas (Primula) - this section with common name includes species of European and Asia Minor origin, in which powdery coating is completely absent. Plants of this group are very common in decorative floriculture.

Primula high - plants come from central Europe and the Carpathian mountains. Oval-oblong leaves look wrinkled due to depressed veins. Leaf plate (from 5 to 20 cm) with a serrated edge and sparse hairs. Peduncle slightly pubescent (10-35 cm). Small yellow flowers with a dark center form a slightly drooping umbrella inflorescence. Flowering lasts about two months starting in mid-April. Hybrids have larger flowers and incredibly varied colors.

Primula high Piano Rose Bicolor
Primula high Victoriana Gold Lace Black

Now this species has many varieties. For example, "Piano" includes Piano Red, Blue, White, Yellow, Orange, Fire, and even the most beautiful Piano Rose Bicolor. Thanks to the high peduncles, the primrose "Erfurt Giants" ("Big Ben") is suitable even for cutting.

Of the hybrids, I would like to note the so-called "lace" varieties - "Queen's Lace", Silver Lace Black, Victoriana Gold Lace Black. The rather dark petals of these varieties are framed by a thin whitish border, so the inflorescences seem openwork.

Polyanthic primrose, or multi-flowered primrose (Рrimula poliantha) - this species is very similar to the high primrose (Рrimula elatior), only its flowers are much larger (about 5-6 cm), flowering occurs later (end of May-June), there is a pleasant aroma. This species is much more tender and can freeze in winter, so a large number of such hybrids are grown as pot crops.

Primrose polyanthus "Francesca"

The Blue Jeans variety is very popular, its white petals are densely filled with blue veins. The Faye variety stands out for its striking combination of shades, while the SuperNova variety stands out for its very early flowering. One of the most original hybrid varieties is "Francesca", the owner of corrugated lemon-green flowers with a yellow eye.

Spring primrose (Рrimula veris) is an exclusively European species, which in the old days was called forest or medicinal primrose, it is still used for medicinal purposes. The leaves are oval, wrinkled (with depressed veins), uneven teeth along the edge make them slightly wavy. The underside of the leaf may be slightly hairy. A bright yellow flower with an orange center has a long calyx. Flowers at the top of a slightly hairy peduncle form a one-sided umbrella. Blooms from April to June. Numerous varieties have a wide variety of colors, and can be terry. Spring primrose is a very unpretentious species, however, it needs pollination by insects.

spring primrose
spring primrose

For example, golden sun splashes are reminiscent of the yellow flowers of Cabrillo Yellow, and the Spring Palette mix will delight you with joyful colors.

Primula ordinary or stemless (Рrimula vulgaris / acaulis) - grows in the south of our country and Europe. The leaves are oval, elongated (5-25 cm), wrinkled. At the top of low peduncles (6-20 cm) are single flowers, most often yellow, sometimes white with a purple center. Petals resemble a heart, divided into two halves. Flowering in this species is active, so the plants look very attractive. Primula acaulis has many hybrids that have amazing colors but are less weather resistant.

Primrose stemless Blue Zebra

Primrose stemless "Potsdam Giants" stands out among others with large flowers on a very small bush (15 cm). And the terry primrose "Primlet" looks like bunches of cute little roses of stunningly beautiful colors. The flowers of the Rosanna terry series are a bit reminiscent of azalea. A very original color in the Blue Zebra variety is a bright contrast of a golden yellow eye with striped blue-white petals.

Primula akaulis is very often used for growing at home.

This section also includes large-calyx primrose (Primula macrocalyx), lovely (Rrimula amoena), Pallas (Rrimula pallasii), Voronov (Rrimula woronowii), Komarov (Rrimula komarovii), Ruprecht (Primula ruprechtii), Abkhazian (Rrimula abchasica), Sibtorp ( Primula Sibthorpii).

Primula lovely Primrose large-calyx
Primula Sibthorpa
Primula Komarova

9. Candelabra primroses

Candelabra primroses (Proliferae, Candelabra) - this section contains residents of Japan, China, India and other countries of this region. These plants are very beautiful, they are summer flowering. They grow well in our climate, but require careful shelter for the winter. Most often they are used as biennials, but if you create comfortable conditions for them, you can also grow them as perennials. Often give a good self-seeding.

Primula Bissa Primula Bullea

Primula bulleyana (Primula bulleyana) is a native of China, its peduncle reaches 50 cm, and the leaf plate is 40 cm. The leaves are elongated, serrated along the edge. Orange-yellow small flowers are located on a high peduncle in several tiers (from 5 to 7).

Bissa's primrose (Primula beesiana) and powdered primrose (Primula pulverulenta) are very similar to it, only they are slightly larger with raspberry flowers, and the latter species has a powdery coating.

Japanese primrose (Primula japonica) - this beauty can be used for cutting. Her peduncle (30-50 cm) seems to be decorated with bright crimson bracelets. Flowering begins in May from the lower tiers and lasts about 2 months.

Japanese Primula Apple Blossom
Japanese primrose Miller's Crimson

Japanese primrose is also used in indoor floriculture as a pot culture.

The delicate apple blossom is reminiscent of the Apple Blossom variety, while Miller's Crimson has deep crimson flowers with a large cherry center.

Primula coekburna (Primula coekburniana) - also belongs to this group, but is very rarely grown in our area.

As you can see, this is a rather complicated classification and it is not always convenient for an amateur gardener to use it.

Classification of the English Royal Horticultural Society

This is a more simplified version of the classification.

Group-1. Ear-shaped primroses (auricula) and all sorts of their hybrids. This group is divided into 4 subgroups.

Primula ear

Border (bed) are the most hardy and resistant varieties of this group. Thanks to strong peduncles, they withstand bad weather well. The compact habit allows you to create low flowering borders from them, and a wide palette of colors makes them popular in the design of flower beds. May have a slight powdery coating.

Alpine auricles are also well suited for outdoor cultivation. All of them are brightly colored. The middle and the tube of the obligatory one color. Flowers with a white center tend to have petals in the violet-blue range, and if the center is golden yellow, the petals may be in the reddish-brown range. May have a light border. This subgroup does not have a powdery coating on the flowers.

Terry primrose is stunningly beautiful, but it requires more attention and care. However, it feels good in the flower beds with proper care.

Exhibition are hybrid, rather exacting and gentle grades. For the most part, the flowers are covered with a powdery coating, which makes them very original. However, bad weather (rain and wind) severely damages this plaque (farina), so in Europe these show varieties are grown under cover or at home. In addition, some of them cannot winter in the open field.

Group-2. Primrose-polyanthus primroses. This group includes 2 subgroups.

Polyanthic primroses. This includes all complex hybrids with the participation of multi-flowered and high primroses.

Primrose spring, ordinary, Julia, as well as all sorts of their varieties.

Group-3. Candelabra primroses. This group combines species with a tiered arrangement of inflorescences. These are Japanese, Bissa and Bullea, as well as all their varieties.

Primula vulgaris
Japanese primrose

This classification includes the most common types and varieties of primroses in decorative floriculture.

Classification according to the shape and arrangement of inflorescences

This is the simplest and most convenient classification for amateur gardeners, which allows you to choose varieties suitable for habit and shape for flower beds.

Cushion. This group includes species with single flowers on low peduncles, they only slightly rise above the “cushion” of leaves. The most popular in decorative floriculture from this group is the common primrose, small, Julia, Voronova.

Umbrella. In this group, inflorescences form a one-sided or rounded umbrella on peduncles up to 20 cm. Of the most popular types of primrose, high, polyanthus, auricular, spring, pink, rejected, and all their hybrids.

Spherical or capitate. Primrose spherical forms a dense capitate inflorescence, which looks like a decorative ball on a stem that grows during flowering. These include primrose finely toothed, capitate and their varieties.

Candelabra or tiered. The inflorescences of this group are arranged in tiers on a high strong peduncle, reminiscent of old candlesticks-candelabra. In our climate, Japanese primrose, Bullea, Byssa and powdered primrose are used.

florinda primrose
sikkimese primrose

Bellflowers. This group has a drooping inflorescence of bell-like yellow flowers at the top of a strong peduncle. The group is small, but planting of these plants is possible along the banks of water bodies and in poorly drained areas. These are the Sikkimese primrose (Рrimula sikkimensis) and the Florinda primrose (Рrimula florindae).

The garden has been known to people since the era of the most ancient civilizations. However, most often these were open gardens. Winter Garden -…

Indoor primroses

We examined the garden primrose and its classification. However, it should be noted that some species of this plant are grown as pot crops in our climate. Among them, the most common are Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis), Kyus primrose (Primula kewensis), malacoides primrose (Primula malacoides), reverse conical primrose (Primula obconica) and soft primrose (Primula malacoides).

Primrose reverse conical

For example, Chinese in open ground, blooms in May-June, and at home - from December to March.

Primula perennial is very diverse and beautiful. And the classifications we have considered will help you choose the variety that is right for your garden. An informative video will supplement the information.

Our grandmothers, growing strawberries, or strawberries, as we used to call them, were not particularly worried about mulching. But today this agricultural practice has become fundamental in achieving High Quality berries and reduce crop losses. Some might say it's troublesome. But practice shows that labor costs in this case pay off handsomely. In this article, we suggest that you get acquainted with the nine best materials for mulching garden strawberries.

Succulents are very versatile. Despite the fact that “babies” have always been considered more fashionable, it is worth taking a closer look at the assortment of succulents with which you can decorate a modern interior. After all, colors, sizes, patterns, degree of pricklyness, influence on the interior are just a few of the parameters by which you can choose them. In this article, we will talk about the five most fashionable succulents that surprisingly transform modern interiors.

Mint was used by the Egyptians as far back as 1.5 thousand years BC. It has a strong aroma due to the high content of various essential oils with high volatility. Today, mint is used in medicine, perfumery, cosmetology, winemaking, cooking, ornamental gardening, and the confectionery industry. In this article, we will consider the most interesting varieties of mint, and also talk about the features of growing this plant in open ground.

People began to grow crocuses 500 years before the advent of our era. Although the presence of these flowers in the garden is fleeting, we always look forward to the return of the heralds of spring next year. Crocuses - one of the earliest primroses, whose flowering begins as soon as the snow melts. However, the timing of flowering may vary depending on the species and varieties. This article focuses on the earliest varieties of crocuses that bloom in late March and early April.

Shchi from early young cabbage in beef broth is hearty, fragrant and easy to prepare. In this recipe, you will learn how to cook delicious beef broth and cook light cabbage soup with this broth. Early cabbage cooks quickly, so it is placed in the pan at the same time as the rest of the vegetables, unlike autumn cabbage, which takes a little longer to cook. Ready cabbage soup can be stored in the refrigerator for several days. Real cabbage soup is tastier than freshly cooked.

Blueberries are a rare promising berry crop in gardens. Blueberries are a source of biologically active substances and vitamins, have antiscorbutic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, tonic properties. Berries contain vitamins C, E, A, flavonoids, anthocyanins, trace elements - zinc, selenium, copper, manganese, as well as plant hormones - phytoestrogens. The taste of blueberries resembles a mixture of grapes and blueberries.

Looking at the variety of varieties of tomatoes, it is difficult not to get confused - the choice is very wide today. He sometimes confuses even experienced gardeners! However, it is not so difficult to understand the basics of selecting varieties “for yourself”. The main thing is to understand the peculiarities of culture and start experimenting. One of the easiest tomato groups to grow are varieties and hybrids with limited growth. They have always been appreciated by those gardeners who do not have much time and energy to care for the beds.

Once very popular under the name of indoor nettles, and then forgotten by everyone, coleuses today are one of the most striking garden and indoor plants. They are not in vain considered stars of the first magnitude for those who are looking primarily for non-standard colors. Easy to grow, but not so undemanding as to suit everyone, coleus require constant supervision. But if you take care of them, bushes of velvety unique leaves will easily outshine any competitor.

Salmon backbone baked in Provence herbs is a “supplier” of delicious pieces of fish pulp for a light salad with fresh wild garlic leaves. Mushrooms are lightly fried in olive oil, and then poured with apple cider vinegar. Such mushrooms are tastier than ordinary pickled ones, and they are better suited for baked fish. Ramson and fresh dill coexist perfectly in one salad, emphasizing the flavor of each other. Garlic sharpness of wild garlic will saturate both the flesh of salmon and pieces of mushrooms.

A coniferous tree or shrub on the site is always great, and many conifers are even better. Emerald needles of various shades decorate the garden at any time of the year, and phytoncides and essential oils secreted by plants not only flavor, but also make the air cleaner. As a rule, most zoned adult conifers are considered to be very unpretentious trees and shrubs. But young seedlings are much more capricious and require competent care and attention.

Sakura is most often associated with Japan and its culture. Picnics under the shade of flowering trees have long become an essential attribute of the meeting of spring in the Land of the Rising Sun. The financial and academic year here begins on April 1, when magnificent cherry blossoms bloom. Therefore, many significant moments in the life of the Japanese pass under the sign of their flowering. But sakura also grows well in cooler regions - certain types can be successfully grown even in Siberia.

It is very interesting for me to analyze how people's tastes and preferences for certain foods have changed over the centuries. What was once considered tasty and traded lost its value over time and, conversely, new fruit crops conquered their markets. Quince has been cultivated for more than 4 thousand years! And even in the 1st century BC. e. about 6 varieties of quince were known and even then the methods of its reproduction and cultivation were described.

Make your family happy and make themed Easter egg-shaped cottage cheese cookies! Your children will be happy to take part in the process - they will sift the flour, combine all the necessary ingredients, knead the dough and cut out intricate figures. Then they will watch with admiration how the pieces of dough turn into real Easter eggs, and then with the same enthusiasm they will eat them with milk or tea. How to make such original cookies for Easter, read in our step by step recipe!

There are not so many decorative and deciduous favorites among tuberous crops. And the caladium is a true star among the variegated inhabitants of the interiors. Not everyone can decide to start a Caladium. This plant is demanding, and first of all - to care. But still, the rumors about the unusual capriciousness of the Caladium never justify. Attention and care allow you to avoid any difficulties when growing caladiums. And a plant can almost always forgive small mistakes.

We have prepared a hearty, incredibly appetizing and simply elementary dish for you today. This gravy is one hundred percent universal, as it will suit every side dish: vegetables, pasta, and anything. Gravy with chicken and mushrooms will save you in moments when there is no time or you don’t want to think too much about what to cook. Grab your favorite side dish (you can make this ahead of time to keep it hot), add gravy and dinner is ready! A real lifesaver.

There are over 500 varieties of primrose, and they are divided into 37 groups based on the plant's area of ​​origin, flower shape, and leaf shape. Some of these groups you will never see in our gardens, because their agrotechnical requirements are very specific. In fact, only a few groups can easily be grown in a typical garden. However, even among these groups, you can choose for yourself wonderful flowers that will delight you from the beginning of spring until the end of summer.

Primrose flower care

The most popular group of primroses are polyanthus primroses. They are also popular indoor potted plants. At home, they can be grown during the winter months and then transplanted into the garden. Polyanthus primroses are hybrids obtained by crossing common primrose (Primula vulgaris), spring primrose (Primula veris), high primrose (Primula elatior) and stemless primrose (Primula acaulis). All these varieties of primrose are natives of Europe. Their flowers come in a wide variety of shades and colors, including green and brown! There are non-double, semi-double and double flowers.

Polyanthic primroses grow best in very fertile, humus-rich soil, in lightly shaded areas. Because they don't like acidic soils, then lime must be added to the landing site. These plants also require constant humidity. If the flowers wilt, it will greatly retard their growth. To keep the soil consistently moist, mulch the plants with a 3-5 cm layer of old compost, rotted leaves, or well-rotted manure. This mulch will also maintain a high organic matter content. For best results, polyanthus primroses are divided and replanted every 3 to 4 years.

Planting primrose flowers

Primula ear (Primula auricula)

Another popular group of primroses are the Primroses auricles, which are commonly referred to as "auriculas". Like the polyanthus primroses, these also came to our gardens from Europe. The most popular primroses are hybrids, available in a wide range of colors, as well as polyanthus primroses, they are non-double , semi-double and double.Unlike the leaves of polyanthic primroses, auricles form a rosette of dense, larger leaves.
Ear primroses require more sun than polyanthus and are ideal for an alpine garden. Although they are hybrids of relatively large varieties such as Primula marginata, Primula hirsuta and Primula pedemontana, they are rather small in size. Most varieties of this group come from places rich in limestone; thus, the introduction of lime into the soil will positively affect the growth of these flowers.

Even though avricula are among the most drought tolerant of primroses, they still prefer moist, well-draining soil. Old leaves often remain at the base of the rosettes - they must be carefully removed to minimize disease. These primroses bloom simultaneously with polyanthus primroses.

Varieties of hybrid ear primroses

Candelabra primroses (Candelabra Primroses, Proliferae primroses)

Another diverse and increasingly popular group of primroses are Candelabra primroses. These plants produce whorls of flowers on tall, slender stems, living up to their name. good plant can produce 4 to 6 flowers, the life of which lasts only a week. At the same time, candelabra primroses are the longest flowering of primroses. The flowering of this group lasts from late spring to early summer, usually from May to July. Flowers come in red, purple, pink, orange, yellow and white.

Plants can be grown in full sun or light shade, but flowers will be more vibrant if plants are in light shade. Candelabra primroses include such species as Primula bulleyana (Primula bulleyana), Byss primrose (Primula beesiana), Japanese primrose (Primula japonica) and Powdered primrose (Primula pulverulenta), as well as their hybrids. In the wilds of East Asia, these primroses often grow in marshy places, therefore, they need constant moisture. These are ideal flowers for marshy gardens and for the shores of ponds and pools.

Primula sikkimensis (Primula sikkimensis)

The Sikkimese Primrose group is prized for their attractive, usually powdery, fragrant, drooping flowers that come in purple, cream, yellow, pink, copper, and red. These flowers grow well in moist, fertile soils, in full sun or light shade. Varieties of this group - Alpine Primula (Primula alpicola), Florinda Primula (Primula florindae), Primula Bogotsvetnaya (Primula Secundiflora) and Sikkimese Primula originated from Asia. By the way, Primula florinda often reaches 1 meter in height.

Powdery primrose (Primula farinosa, Bird's-Eye Primroses)

These primroses are the smallest and most graceful. Many reach a height of only a few centimeters. In most plants of this group, the leaves are covered with a whitish powder called farina. These primroses are perhaps the most common and can be found throughout North America, Europe and Asia, as well as the Falkland Islands and southern South America. Of all the groups mentioned, these are the most difficult to grow. However, they are very popular among primrose fans. The color range is more limited here, with lilac, purple, pink, pale yellow and white flowers. Mealy primroses prefer wet marshy conditions and do not live long, so it is better to collect seeds from them. Due to the small size of the flowers, these plants are often used on Alpine rollercoaster. Recommended varieties include Griffith's Primrose (Primula halleri), Anchovy Primrose (Primula frondosa), Yellow Primrose (Primula luteola), Mealy Primrose (Primula farinosa) and Cold Primrose (Primula algida). These primroses bloom in spring.

Asian primroses (Asiatic Primroses)

There are several other popular primroses that belong to various groups of primroses. However, one feature that unites them all is that they all come from Asia. Formally, candelabra and Sikkimese primroses can also be included in the Asiatic species.

motherland Primula finely toothed(Primula denticulata) are the Himalayas. These primroses fully correspond to their name - their flower heads consist of small flowers with small petals in the form of teeth. This is one of the earliest primroses to bloom in spring. It is also the most hardy primrose. In the height of summer, their leaves reach a decent size, so they need to allocate more space in the garden. The range of colors of primrose finely toothed is not as extensive as that of polyanthus or ear primroses, there are lilac, pink, purple and white shades.

Group Cortusiform primroses(Primula cortusoides) contains some excellent choice primroses, blooming from late spring to early summer. These are forest varieties with rounded leaves covered with fine hairs. The main colors of these plants are pink and white. Among the most easily cultivated are Primula cortusoides (Primula cortusoides), Jezesky primrose (Primula jesoana), Multi-veined primrose (Primula polyneura) and Siebold's primrose (Primula sieboldii).

Primrose capitate(Primula capitata) and Primrose crowded(Primula glomerata) are similar varieties, with flat, spoon-shaped rosettes of attractive crumpled leaves that are covered with white farina. Intense purple-blue flowers often don't appear until midsummer. Also, for the sake of interesting leaves and flowers, they grow Primula Chionantu(Primula chionantha) and primrose melanops(Primula melanops). These two species have upright, elongated leaves that are also covered in yellow or white farina. Slightly hanging flowers on a tall stem appear in late spring - early summer. Flowers are light cream and dark lilac, respectively. These flowers, like most primroses, need constant moisture to grow well.

Primula melanops (Primula melanops) and Primula capitata (Primula capitata)

The last primrose to be considered here is exotic (and one might even say bizarre) - it is Primula Vialya(Primula vialia). This variety barely resembles a primrose at all. The leaves of the plant are narrow and grow vertically. In August or even September, the plant develops a tall stem, ending at the top with a flower similar to the spiky flower of kniphofia. The flower has a red calyx that protects the small developing flowers, and the petals of these miniature flowers are pale purple, like those of. Together, the calyx and petals create a pleasing effect. Primula Vial usually blooms in late spring. They are not the easiest to grow in a primrose garden and even if you are able to keep them growing through the first winter (they are notorious for winter rot), the plants are still prone to death. However, if you manage to grow this primrose, then all friends and neighbors will envy you.

Useful tips, informative articles for summer residents and gardeners. Planting, care, harvesting. Of course, a lot of information about flowers, berries, mushrooms. On site pages