How a padlock is arranged diagram. How does an electromagnetic door lock work?

As soon as our ancestors realized that property can be both common and personal, there was a need to protect one's own from someone else's, and with it the first ways to lock a home.

Locks have evolved significantly, simple latches and bolts, which have survived to our time through long experiments and inventions, have turned into high-tech security systems, both mechanical and electronic. Device door lock largely determined by main function– locking the door and protecting the house.

According to the method of fastening to the front door, locks can be divided into two types. Mortise mounted in the door leaf. When installing such a lock, the place of the door where the mechanism crashes is significantly weakened. But, nevertheless, it is the most common, well-designed and, if properly mounted, will last for many years.

Overhead with screws and screws are attached with inside entrance door. They are elementarily installed and do not reduce the strength of the door structure.

The structure and composition of the product is determined by the presence of such functional parts as the secret of the lock and the producing mechanism.

The design of the lock depends on the secret system, which can be of several types:

1. Lever (safe) - on the key there are several cloves that determine the number of levers in the mechanism.
2. Cylinder - consists of a cylinder with pins that prevent easy hacking.
3. Electronic - works on the principle of a drive built into the section of the lock.
4. Code - opens by entering a specific pin code.

As a producing mechanism of locks, are:

1. Mechanical - the closure occurs with the use of a metal rod (key) included in a special groove in the door lock.
2. Electromagnetic - a magnet acts as a locking mechanism.
3. Electromechanical - the presence of a deadbolt with an electric drive.

Structural lock systems

The device of the door lock (diagram), as well as the principle of operation of each type of product, is strictly individual. It can be simple with standard locking systems, or it can be complex and intelligent in design to improve burglary and fire resistance.

The device layout and mounting method are also not unique for all types. The most common in use are the lever and cylinder locks of the front door, so you should figure out how each of them works.

How does the lever lock mechanism work?

The design of the lever lock has enough high level reliability.

Let's study the device of a lever lock using the example of the Kale Kilit 257L model.

The picture shows a sectional diagram of the device, illustrating all the details of the design:

• 1 key;
• 2 - body;
• 3 - front frame;
• 4 - cover;
• 5 - bolt;
• 6 - bolt shank;
• 7 – shank stand;
• 8 - set of levers;
• 9 - lever springs;
• 10 - armor plate;
• 11 - spacers.

Cross-sectional diagram of the lever lock device.

Functional purpose of the main parts

The internal system of the door lock consists of several top-priority parts that determine the flawless operation of the mechanism.

The deadbolt shank is the main element of door lock systems. He is responsible for protection against manipulative and forceful methods of breaking the front door.

The gap between the shank leg and the code groove of the device is quite an important indicator. The protection function directly depends on its value. The investigated and established ideal size is 0.3-0.7 mm. Decreasing the value leads to wear and jamming of the key, and exceeding it, which is worse, to the possibility of easy manipulative opening.

The number of levers determines the degree of reliability and the required time for hacking. The more levers - the more time it will take to open the door lock, this does not apply to an increase in complexity. The most applicable and effective number of levers in the device is six.

The arrangement of the front door mechanism is impossible without such at least important elements, how:

• Spring design provides correct work, otherwise the lever will not be able to return to its original position, and if it lingers in the gap, the lock ceases to function.
• The bolt consists of three crossbars. They must be attached to a bar that attaches to the shank. In cheap systems, the crossbars are attached directly to the shank, which in the future may lead to looseness or breakage of the crossbars from the front door lock.
• Armor plates cover the most vulnerable places in the mechanism, preventing penetration from the outside.
• Spacer washers create tolerances between levers for a smoother ride. Thanks to the exact gaps, the protruding parts on the key will not catch several levers at once, and the mechanism will work without interruption.
• The front frame secures the mechanism inside the door and does not leave the possibility of force breaking. It is an indispensable design element of the castle.
• The body and cover of the product are coated with an anti-corrosion agent. They are firmly and rigidly mated to each other by means of a large number of screws.

Operating principle

The levers are a set of plates with curly cutouts. The scheme is simple: under the influence of the key, they line up in well-defined positions in order to turn the key and open the system. But if at least one plate misses its groove, the mechanism will not work.

The key plays a certain role of a code, and it is difficult to crack such a system by force. A high degree of reliability and durability is due to the large dimensions of the mechanism.

If you follow all the rules for assembling the product, then it will be difficult to hack it even for the most experienced burglar.

What is the secret of the cylinder lock?

Despite the rather simple device of the cylinder lock, it is extremely reliable.

All the main elements presented in the section have certain functions:

• The cylinder (larva) ensures the secrecy of the product by moving and fixing the deadbolt of the lock in the working position.
• The lever is used to control the latch when opening and closing the door with a key.
• The bolt-latch and bolt hold the door closed by entering the striker plate.
• Strike plate - an element with holes for inserting bolts while locking doors.
• The front frame is a detail of a mortise lock with a hole for the removal of bolts. Serves as fastening of the lock to an end face of a door.
• The key controls the secrecy mechanism, provides input and output of the deadbolt.
• The case is the main part of the product, inside which the entire system of the mechanism is arranged.

Sectional diagram of a cylinder lock.

Operating principle

All the work consists in "freezing" the cylinder inside the box with the help of code and locking pins. Codes work in conjunction with the key itself, and locking pins stop the entire mechanism when the key is not inserted into the well. Key by setting its pins on special line separation, leads to the unlocking of the larvae inside the box and the crossbars begin to move.

Cylinder locks are also called "English", and their keys are most often a flat configuration with cutouts or dents along the edges. Such a mechanism is resistant to hacking with master keys, which cannot be said about the power method - drilling or knocking out the larva.

You can not get into the apartment, can happen to each of us. Therefore, in such a case, you need to know how to open the lock without a key and what is needed for this.

If the key is missing

So, there are no keys anywhere, neither in your pocket, nor in your bag. What to do? After all, the lock on the door was specifically designed to prevent it from opening with bare hands.

Of course, the most reliable and easiest way to solve the problem is to call a service that specializes in opening doors. There are these in every city. In order for you to be helped to get into the apartment, you must present to the specialists any evidence of your residence in the dwelling. For example, a passport, which indicates the place of your registration, etc.

However, if for some reason you cannot use the services of professionals, it remains only to try to open the door lock without a key, using improvised means. For example, use a master key. Such a tool can be easily purchased at a specialized store, and anyone can use it, even those who have never tried to open locks. But not everyone carries a master key with them. But hairpins or paper clips are another matter.

We make a "master key"

In order to build a master key, you will need two regular paper clips.

Bend the long end of the paper clip and straighten it. You should end up with a straight wire. Some advise bending the tip of the wire to make it easier to press the pins. But this is optional.

Tensioner

Now you need to make a tensioner, the task of which is to turn the lock. With it, you will press on the cylinder, and with another paper clip - at the same time - put the pins in place. There are two ways to make a tensioner from a paper clip.

The first, simpler one: straighten the long end of the paper clip at a right angle. Thus, you will get the basis for a working tensioner, but not a very good master key.

The second, a little more difficult: completely unbend the ends of the paper clip so that the wire is bent in the middle and the ends converge. In this case, one of them should be slightly shorter than the other. Then the longer part must be bent again at a right angle, about a centimeter from the tip.

How to open a lock without a key with a pick

Insert the tensioner into the keyhole and press in a circle. You need to pull in the direction in which the lock turns. If you don't remember it, then the odds are 50:50. Try first moving the paperclip in right side. As a rule, in most locks the key turns clockwise. But there are exceptions.

Those who have sensitive enough hands will be able to feel the right direction for themselves. If you do everything right, then when turning the paper clip will meet less resistance than if the wrong direction is chosen. Remember that it is very important that a slight tension is present during operation.

After deciding on the direction, fix the pressure, and try to find the pins with another paper clip. Most locks have five pins that, when properly set, open the mechanism.

Starting at the back of the keyhole, press the pins in order. You must record each of them. At the same time, slowly wind the tensioner. If the pin is in the correct position, a slight click will be heard. Or you will catch a slight movement. Gently wiggle the pick until you feel that all the pins are in place. Then turn the tensioner to the right direction, and... the lock will open.

Cylinder locks

How to open a lock without a key if you have a set of ordinary tools at hand? It all depends on the type and structure of the mechanism. So, if you have a conventional mortise lock in front of you, equipped with a cruciform cylinder, you need to use a drill. Start by drilling a small hole above the keyhole. Then, using a pick, lift the stopper and move the hook of the deadbolt.

Another castle with simple mechanism- cylinder with pins. If you have a drill at hand, then the matter becomes quite easy. Make a small hole in the cylinder itself, insert a master key into it and, turning, open the lock.

The padlock

Now let's talk about how to open the padlock. Without a key, there are two ways to deal with such a mechanism. The first is to try to line up all the pins with the help of a master key, as already described above, which is not easy enough for those who have never done this. The second way is to remove the lock. Let's consider a simpler option.

So, how to remove the lock without a key? To do this, you need a regular crowbar.

Send all your strength to weakness lock - where the shackle is attached to the body. Press down.

If there is not enough strength, you can use a special file for metal, a hacksaw or long wire cutters. Sawing a two-centimeter shackle takes about ten minutes, so you won't spend much time.

rack locks

Such locks are most often used in gates, fences, garages. Opening methods are universal, primitive and come down to shifting the rails in turn. There are several ways.

1. Use a fishing line or guitar string. Insert a screwdriver into the gap between the jamb and the door. Press the door hard. From a fishing line or string you need to make a loop. Slide it through the keyhole and circle around the pins (which are used to allow the lock to open from the inside). Then gently pull the loop towards you. The rails should move away and the door should open.
2. How to open a lock without a key with a pencil or a carrot? Easily! Lubricate the lock mechanism with any oil. Release the bolt. To do this, slightly press the door in the opposite direction to opening. Then drive a pencil or carrot into the keyhole and turn - the lock is open. The secret is that thanks to soft material The "key" rack teeth will leave on the pencil (carrot) the grooves necessary to open the lock.
3. Use a drill and a screwdriver. When using this method, you will not even damage the door leaf. First you need to determine where the closed bolt is located. To do this, slip a regular sheet of paper between the box and closed door. When you find the crossbar, take a drill. Drill a small hole in door frame. Then use a screwdriver to move the bolt. Everything.

A few more ways to open the lock without a key

So, if you have a lock equipped with a tongue in front of you, proceed as follows. With a screwdriver or any other tool that can be inserted between the box and the canvas, press the tab. Then turn the handle and open the door. By the way, doors locked in this way can be opened even with a simple plastic card.

How to open a lever lock if it is built into a wooden door? To do this, press on the door and, as far as possible, pull it away from the box. Then, using a paper clip, screwdriver or any other tool, move the levers away.

If you have a latch-type lock, use a screwdriver to unscrew the screws that secure the handle. Delete her. Remove the metal panel that covers the mechanism, and with the help of improvised means, try to feel for the latch. When you feel that you have succeeded, press on it and, without releasing, turn the door handle.

If the key is stuck

The first step is to remove the broken key from the lock. In such a situation, you can use a jigsaw file. Insert it into the keyhole so that the prongs look up. Then slowly move the file to hook the key. When this succeeds, carefully remove the file along with the “prey”.

There are situations when the key is broken, but part of it sticks out of the keyhole. Use pliers. Get them a key. Just don't try to pull it out. This can only complicate matters. Just turn it in the direction you normally would when you open a door. And only after the door is open, pull out the key.

In general, the most The best way The solution to a problem is to anticipate it. Today, there are special keyless door locks that do not have keyholes at all. Install yourself such mechanisms and forget about the extra headache.

And one last thing. If you still try to open the door without a key, then be conscientious. After all, opening other people's locks is prohibited by law. And there is punishment for that.

An electromagnetic lock is one of the most reliable and easy-to-use locking devices. It is distinguished by its compactness, simplicity of design and can last for a long period. To protect the apartment from unexpected guests, you need to know how the electromagnetic lock works. Its installation can be done independently or with the help of qualified specialists.

General information

Before you buy an electromagnetic lock, you need to study in detail all the information about this device. With its help, you can choose the optimal model that will work well for many years.

Classification of electromagnetic locks

Experts prefer to divide all electromagnetic locks according to the type of work and the method of control. Both of these classifications combine devices that have a number of general characteristics. All this helps consumers to choose desired option, which will work as efficiently as possible and reliably protect residential or office space.

According to the type of work, locks are divided into the following types:

In addition to this classification, there is another one. It allows you to select models of locks equipped with special sensors that help control the entire structure.

According to the method of management, the following varieties are distinguished:

Components

In order to better understand the principle of operation of an electromagnetic lock and install it yourself, you need to decide on a set of mechanisms. All additional components are relatively inexpensive, and you can find them in any specialized store. The complete set must contain the following items:

In addition to the main set of elements, the lock can be equipped with a door closer or video intercom. The first device ensures smooth closing of the doors, and the second one makes it possible to see and hear the visitor.

Advantages and disadvantages

An electromagnetic lock, like any other device, has not only positive, but also negative sides. If all of them are taken into account, then you can choose the optimal settings that will reduce the likelihood of breakdowns and extend the life of the equipment.

Among the advantages are the following:

In spite of a large number of advantages, the device has several disadvantages. They must be taken into account before buying a product and starting its installation. Otherwise, you may encounter insurmountable difficulties that will bring a lot of inconvenience to people's lives.

Main disadvantages:

1. Dependence on the power grid. Not all models are equipped with batteries, so when there is a power outage, the doors will automatically open.
2. Price. The price of an electromagnetic lock is slightly higher than a mechanical one.
3. Appearance. Most users find the device less attractive than a standard padlock.

Principle of operation

The electromagnetic lock has a simple device, which is distinguished by an easy-to-understand principle of operation. It can be understood not only by an experienced person, but also by a beginner.

The principle of operation of the structure:

Self installation

Despite the initial simplicity of this process, it is necessary to follow the installation procedure and take into account its features. Only in this case, you can quickly complete the work and achieve the desired result.

Necessary materials and tools

In order to qualitatively perform the installation of the locking device, you need to choose all the right necessary elements and prepare the tools in advance. These simple preparations will help not to be distracted during work and not to waste precious time searching for a particular item.

To install an electromagnetic lock you will need:

Procedure

After finishing preparatory phase you can start installing the electromagnetic lock. To do this, you will need to perform certain actions that require knowledge and skills in this matter.

The installation of the lock is carried out in compliance with the following sequence of actions:

Control scheme

Manufacturers make management as simple and clear as possible. This whole process is carried out through the controller, which can perform the following functions:

• supply of power necessary to fix the locking mechanism;
• transmission of a signal that facilitates the opening of doors;
• key programming;
• changing the access code.

During the first test installed device you need to configure all working keys that will be used in Everyday life. To do this, you should bring all the electric keys one by one to the controller. After that, the device is switched to the recording mode through the jumper and programs them. After completing this operation, the controller is put into the operating mode. It is important to consider that after setting all the keys, the lock will automatically lock. From now on, it will be possible to open it only with the help of programmed elements.

An electromagnetic lock is a reliable locking device that has a number of advantages. With it, you can not only protect your property, but also block unwanted persons from accessing the premises. At correct installation and compliance with all operating rules, you can maximize the life of the device and avoid any problems.

The door lock device must be reliable to protect against breaking and unauthorized entry into the premises. The level of protection depends on the type of lock and the secret mechanism that provides security.

Types of door locks

Depending on the form of execution, the lock can be:

The body of the mortise lock is fully integrated into the door leaf. Such a device has sufficient level protection of housing from breaking and entering. The patch is attached to door leaf from above or may be partially recessed in it. The hinged locking mechanism can have different size and design. It consists of a cylindrical bow and a body with a secret and happens:

• small;
• average;
• big.

Choice of mortise, overhead or padlock depends on which door it will be installed on.

All mechanical locks have the following components:

• a case that hides the secret mechanism of the lock;
• bolt or deadbolt;
• core (larva mechanism) into which the key is inserted.

Inside the larva is a secret mechanism of the lock, which differs depending on its type.

The locking mechanism of a plastic, metal or wooden front door can be cylindrical, without leverage and leverage. In addition, there is also combination locks, screw, with ciphers and locking mechanisms on interior doors. Thus, there are a lot of devices for ensuring safety and tranquility. In order to have an idea about the features and design of each of them, we will consider all these types of locks in more detail.

Cylinder lock device

The cylinder lock is opened with a small key that has teeth on one side. different shapes and size.

A cylinder lock can be a mortise or padlock and have the following components:

• top and bottom pins;
• spiral springs that actuate them and return them to their original state after removing the key from the larva.

The mechanism of the cylinder locking device rotates, setting the bolt in motion, only when the pins are flush with the surface of the larva. This is achieved if "your" key is inserted into the key groove, which allows you to assemble them into desired position. If a “foreign” key is inserted into the mechanism of the larva, then the pins inside will not be positioned correctly, which will prevent it from turning and opening the lock.

The design of the cylinder door lock can be single and double. Single mechanisms are used in door locks which can only be opened with a key from the outside. Double are designed for those locks that are controlled by a key from two sides.

Lever lock mechanism

The lever lock is considered one of the most reliable among all locking devices for plastic, metal or wooden door. Its secret lies in a group of plates or levers that have cutouts. various shapes. Each of them corresponds to the protrusions and depressions on the key, which allow you to assemble the plates in the right way, and open the lock.

The reliability of a lever lock depends on the number of levers. Each individual option for placing lever plates of different contours is called a series. By increasing the number of levers with different arrangements of protrusions and depressions, you can increase the number of series. For a lock with three plates, it is 6. For four-lever locks, the set of plates gives 24 different series, respectively. In locks that have two rows of levers, the number of series reaches 150. Double-bit keys are used to open them.

The principle of operation of a lever lock is similar to a cylindrical one, only the role of pins in it is performed by steel plates. To increase protection, so that it is more difficult to assemble the plates and make it difficult to open the lock with a random key, lever cutouts make various sizes, and the plates themselves are of different thicknesses.

Leverless lock

The structure of a leverless lock is characterized by only one plate, so this lock is considered the most unreliable. Therefore, experts recommend installing it on internal doors.

The secrecy of leverless locking devices is given by the configuration of the shape of the key slot. In addition, on the base of the lock, opposite the key gap, there are barrier plates or annular ledges. They are made in the form of concentric circles, to bypass which special slots are made along and across the grooves of the keys.

Combination lock

The code lock can be electronic or mechanical. For electronic, a prerequisite for operation is connection to electrical network or offline source nutrition. Mechanical is easy to install and use. In addition, it is easy to reprogram if necessary.

The code lock scheme is a bolt, which is activated by pressing the required combination of numbers in the case of the mechanical principle of the device. For electronic locks, you need to enter a secret combination or use a magnetic key.

Electronic devices are more reliable than mechanical devices and are widely used in entrance doors in offices, buildings and residential apartment buildings.

Locks on interior doors

The lock can be installed not only on the entrance, but also on interior door. However, it is difficult to call it full-fledged locking devices, because any lock must have a secret that provides at least minimal protection. And the locks on the interior doors do not have such a secret. They include the following components:

• handles and external decorative overlays;
• bolt driven by a handle;
• blocking mechanism.

The lock cylinder on the interior door has no internal structure. Through it, you can get to the internal latch and unlock the mechanism connected to the handle and preventing the free opening of the door.

Knowing what the locks consist of and having an idea of ​​​​their principle of operation, you can more confidently choose a locking device on which your safety and the safety of personal property depend.