How to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in a greenhouse: top dressing, watering, lamps for greenhouses. How to speed up the ripening of greenhouse tomatoes

During the summer, tomatoes do not always have time to ripen. But if you do not let things take their course and use a number of simple tricks, the harvest can be harvested earlier. And more.

IN OPEN GROUND

In the first decade of August, when cold dew begins to fall, place arcs on the tomato plantation and tighten the plantings with a film at night. Moisture will settle on it, and the fruits will remain dry. This will reduce the possibility of late blight disease.

To accelerate the ripening of tomatoes, you can spray the plants with an iodine solution (30-40 drops per 10 liters of water per 1.5 running meters beds). And it's time to stop watering and fertilizing.

branches undersized plants carefully turn to the sun, securing them with spacers, substitute slingshots under the brushes. Collect all brown and large green tomatoes, put them on the ripening.

Pinch off the tops of the plants. Leave two or three leaves above the inflorescences with already tied tomatoes - they will ensure the growth of the fruit. The lower leaves should be removed to those brushes on which the tomatoes are already ripening.

On undersized and medium-sized bushes, four or five brushes can be left as much as possible, so all extra flower brushes will have to be broken out. After these operations, the bushes will spend their energy not on growth, but on filling the ovary.

At the end of the month, when the fruits have time to pour, do any of the operations that limit the flow of moisture from the roots and nutrients: in the stems at a height of 8-12 cm from the ground, make longitudinal through cuts 7-10 cm long with a sharp knife, insert wooden chips into them so that the slots do not close;
or, holding the lower part of the stem, slightly pull the plant up several times, while twisting in the direction of the arrow; or tighten on the stem at a height of 3-4 cm from the soil surface several rings of thin copper wire.

IN GREENHOUSE
The same manipulations, but a little later, are done with greenhouse tomatoes. If the greenhouse is not heated, 6-7 brushes are left on the plants, and 10-12 in heated ones. Before the onset of frost, the fruits on the middle brushes will have time to ripen completely, on the upper ones - partially. Remove emerging stepchildren. The number of leaves is gradually adjusted to 13-18.

RIPENING
Large green fruits that have begun to turn brown are harvested in the morning, until they have warmed up in the sun, and sorted. Healthy ones are laid for ripening in a dry, ventilated room. In the light they ripen faster, in the dark - more evenly.

If it is necessary that the tomatoes ripen slowly, fruits of the same degree of maturity are selected, placed in two or three layers, sprinkled with sawdust, and stored at 8-10 ° C.

For accelerated maturation the temperature is raised to 20-25°C and red fruits are added. They release ethylene, which in plants is responsible for the "aging" of the body. It is the "aging" tomatoes that turn red.

Summer ends quickly - the rainy season begins, the nights become very cold, and hothouses vegetable crops slow down growth or stop development altogether. Almost every gardener faces this problem every year. How his struggle with autumn will end depends on experience, skill and knowledge of little tricks. So, how to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in a greenhouse in order to maintain a normal crop - that's our topic of conversation today.

How to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in a greenhouse?

If there are practically no warm days left, and there are a lot of ovaries on the bushes and there are green fruits, you can try to speed up their growth. The options below are used as an "ambulance" - without doing anything, you will most likely lose everything, and so you will still have a chance to save the crop at least a little.

To make tomatoes turn red faster, try:

To remove new flower stalks - they are completely useless, because they still will not have time to ripen, but they will take the strength from the bush. Therefore, remove the inflorescences, pinch the tops and remove the extra brushes.

Release the bush from the lower leaves, pinch the stepchildren, including those on which the tomatoes ripen.

Place the branches closer to the light, secure them with garter material, fix the branches with spacers or tie them to stakes.

Introduce iodine top dressing - iodine is the main component that accelerates the growth of greenhouse and any other tomatoes. One or two foliar top dressings will be enough.

Forcibly limit the nutrition of the bush - for this, the stem is slightly pulled across with a wire, or a flat-shaped wooden plate is inserted into it (a cut is needed). Some gardeners lightly take the bush out of the ground.
Hang a package with a ripe tomato on a bush with green fruits. The method looks strange, but it really works. Red tomato releases a special substance - ethylene, which plays the role of a catalyst in the ripening process.

"Prick" a tomato with alcohol - and this is not a joke. 0.5 ml of vodka is injected into each fruit with a syringe - and ripening is greatly accelerated.

Remove brown tomatoes - they will ripen even on the "windowsill", and the bush will give all its strength to completely green tomatoes.

Pull out bushes with roots and "relocate" to a change house, barn, garage - that is warm place. There they will continue to ripen naturally. This method will help you if the severe autumn cold has already arrived, and the fruits do not physically have time to pour in the greenhouse.

And do not forget about the treatment against late blight. To do this (optimally in dry, warm weather), it will be enough to spray the bushes with tincture of garlic. The cold will take its toll anyway, but it is entirely within your power to save the crop and let the green fruits ripen normally.

Warm summer is the ideal period for tomato ripening. But it flies by very quickly, and sometimes it does not indulge in heat. In such a short period of time middle lane Russia and Belarus, not to mention northern regions, quite hard to get good harvest tomatoes. In this article, we will look at ways and tricks that can help summer residents increase the amount of crop and significantly improve its quality.

Mandatory pinching

One of the ways to influence the ripening of fruits lies in the correct formation of tomatoes. The timely implementation of such procedures, and a clothespin, will help here. Tomatoes usually have a large branching, which leads to the formation of many side shoots on the stem - these are stepchildren.

Additional escapes, with large quantity flower brushes, inhibit the process of development and maturation of tomatoes. Therefore, their removal or pinching is necessary. As a result of this procedure, the plant does not spend energy on maintaining unnecessary neoplasms, but directs it, along with nutrients, to the ripening of fruits.

In areas where the summer is not long, pinching during the ripening period of tomatoes significantly increases the subsequent harvest. You can perform this operation in one of three ways:

Forming plants in 1 stem. In the leaf axils, it is required to cut off all additional shoots.
Forming plants in 2 stems. This method will require the removal of all lateral growths, except for one - under the upper flower brush.
Forming plants into 3 stems. In addition to the lateral shoot under the upper flower brush, they leave an additional one - the most powerful stepson, located lower.

This operation must be carried out systematically. It is better to cut the stepsons with scissors so that in place of the stepsons there are small stumps that will not allow the new shoot to grow quickly.

Varieties that ripen quickly, such as Moskvich or Sever, have compact bushes. It is better to form them in 2 stems. Low-growing, early ripening tomato varieties ripen quickly until autumn and without cutting off excess shoots. But if they are nevertheless removed, then the harvest can be obtained even faster, before phytophthora is activated on the plant. Tall varieties in growth try not to limit. They are usually formed in 2, and in warm summers - even in 3 stems.

A clothespin will also help the tomatoes ripen. This operation involves the removal of the upper part of the fruitful shoot and those flower brushes where the fruits did not have time to form. The plant then redistributes the unspent energy to the full ripening of the fruit.

IMPORTANT: It is important to make a clothespin for late-ripening tomatoes.

Timely top dressing

In addition to pinching and pinching, timely fertilization helps tomatoes ripen early:

Superphosphate. At the beginning of flowering, plants are sprayed with an extract of 0.5% superphosphate.
Hydrel. This growth stimulator is used for a single spraying of plants, half a month before harvest, when all the fruits are already formed.
Boric acid. It is useful when the plant loses the first flowers or ovaries. If this happens, there is a danger of completely losing the crop. The main reason is poor nutrition of tomatoes. It is necessary to quickly water the bush and feed it with a solution boric acid. The best time top dressing - morning and evening, best weather- no precipitation.

We remove bad ovaries

Most often, the first tomatoes that appear on the bushes can have irregular shape. Some summer residents, having received such a harvest, rejoice in it. But really, there is nothing to be happy about. Ugly vegetables only harm the plant. So that subsequent fruits do not grow like this, they must be removed at the beginning of formation.

The direction of the fruit towards the sun

Despite the existence of varieties of tomatoes of different sizes, this method is more suitable for undersized varieties. It involves the removal of wilted leaves and the installation of spacers under the branches with ripening fruits for their full illumination by the sun.

stem section

Another way that allows tomatoes to ripen well is to make a small (5 cm) longitudinal cut on the stem. Do it at a distance of 12 cm from the ground. The cut is fixed with a large sliver, which unfolds the parts of the stem to the wide side. As a result of these manipulations, the nutrition supply to the plant is blocked, and the tomatoes develop independently in an accelerated mode.

Root tearing

In order for tomatoes to begin to ripen faster, they need to limit the supply of nutrients. You can do this if you intentionally damage root system. In this case, part of the root is torn, pulling the plant up from the ground.

IMPORTANT: Do not carry out this operation ahead of time so that there are no small fruits on the bush.

Tomato ripening

A procedure such as ripening can help the ripening of tomatoes. It can be carried out both on bushes with fruits, and already removed tomatoes.

The first method is suitable if the entire crop ripens at about the same time. Then the bushes themselves are pulled out of the soil and hung upside down on a rope in a barn or on a balcony. They should be placed spaciously so that the fruits have access to air.
The second method involves the removal of the entire crop, ripening tomatoes, for its further ripening. At the same time, the removed tomatoes should have a brown tint. And the procedure itself should be carried out in a warm ventilated room. The temperature should not fall below 10 degrees.

IMPORTANT: Low temperatures or stale air can cause food to rot.

When ripe, harvesting tomatoes should be carried out while it is warm (t o\u003e 5 o C). Cold air can damage the fruits and cause them to rot. Removed tomatoes are placed on a shelf or in a box (box) in two or three layers. You can sprinkle a little dry peat on the bottom, and wrap each tomato in newsprint.

It is generally accepted that for any vegetable and plant in general there is a list of the most favorable regions for growth. This is true, because development is provided by quite clear factors, including climatic and soil factors. However, this does not mean at all that the planting of certain crops should be limited. If a we are talking about cold regions, in order for the tomatoes to turn red faster and gain nutrients, you must first cut the leaves close to the fruits and organize abundant watering. However, if we are talking about large volumes of planting, then it will not be superfluous to use other, rather strategic methods for accelerating growth.

Top dressing for tomatoes

In terms of development and maturation, top dressing during the growing season is very important. Several top dressings should be done, and the first should be done within 20 days from the moment the seedlings were planted. It must be said right away that the total ripening time of tomatoes in a greenhouse is about 40-45 days. So, what should be in the composition of top dressing? Experienced gardeners in 10 liters of water, nitrophoska is mixed with a dose of 1 tbsp. l. Another 0.5 l of liquid mullein should be added to the resulting mixture.

The second dressing is done at the rate of 1 liter per bush after 10 days. But in this case, the solution will have a different composition. So, for 10 liters of water, use 1 tbsp. l. full specialized fertilizer for growth and 1 tsp. potassium sulfate. Two weeks later, the third final feeding is carried out, which also uses wood ash. For beginners who do not know how to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in a greenhouse, in order to visualize the effect, it is worth recommending liquid and superphosphate. The inclusion of these components will provide a pronounced pouring of the tomato in a short time and endow it necessary set nutrients.

Alcohol nutrition

Folk recipes for increasing yields and accelerating growth are not in all cases effective, therefore, despite the high cost of specialized drugs and fertilizers, many summer residents and farmers still focus on factory agricultural products as a source of nutrition. Nevertheless, many note the effectiveness of ethyl alcohol as a stimulator of the development process of some vegetables. For example, if 0.5 ml of alcohol is introduced into green fruits, then ripening will be completed in two weeks. Moreover, the time in this case may coincide with the period of the second basic nutrition - that is, 20 days after disembarkation. The advantages of this method include the fact that chemical composition tomato juice is practically unchanged and at least retains the main nutrients.

Removal of processes

After about three weeks, you can begin the so-called hive optimization. That is, to prune inflorescences, stepchildren, buds and leaves. However, this should be done very carefully and as the bush approaches ripening. First of all, the leaves located in the lower and middle parts should be removed. The nutrition that goes into them will bring more benefits directly to the fruits. Two weeks before the moment of ripening, which should be guided by previous experience, you can deal with inflorescences and new fruits that have formed. Unfortunately, in the question of how to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in a greenhouse, one cannot do without removing young and, as it may seem, promising fruits. But it is important to understand that they simply will not be able to develop fully.

Watering rules

It has already been noted that watering is the key to the rapid ripening of tomatoes. At the same time, abundant watering does not mean frequent, in other words, you need to irrigate the bushes rarely, but fully. A few rules should also be observed, this will prevent possible Negative consequences procedures. First, the simplest answer to the question of how to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in a greenhouse is to use warm and pure water. The use of an irrigation hose is not recommended. Water is carefully poured purposefully under the root system. Secondly, this action should be performed in the late afternoon, when the sun weakens its light. This is due to the fact that the drops will inevitably fall on the leaves or stem. Through the droplets that increase the light, the effect of ultraviolet radiation is enhanced, which can cause burns.

artificial lighting

It cannot be said that sunlight completely unsuitable for growing tomatoes, but in a greenhouse it is difficult to regulate it. Therefore, in the matter of organizing the light supply, the main attention will be paid to artificial means. In particular, on LED elements are beneficial in terms of operation and maintenance of technology. They require the least amount of energy, but still provide exactly the spectrum in which a tomato can develop quickly.

A deeper analysis in choosing a suitable light source also includes an assessment of the parameters of the warmth of the device and the breadth of the color range. In any case, in order for the tomatoes to turn red faster, it is important to use lamps with a full spectrum, including red, yellow and purple shades.

Moisture stimulation

At the end of August, it is worth performing an operation that will reduce the intake of nutrients and moisture. By this time, the fruits should have time to pour. You can do this action different ways. For example, in stems 10 cm high, you can use a sharp knife to make through longitudinal cuts 8-9 cm long. To prevent the closure of the cracks in the future, you can insert wooden plates into them. Also ensure the rapid ripening of tomatoes in the greenhouse for last days growth is possible by gently twisting the stem or tying it with wire at a height of 3-4 cm.

Ripening

In the northern regions, it is almost impossible to count on getting bright, fleshy and juicy tomatoes. The only way to form tomatoes more or less suitable for gastronomic needs is ripening. This is a special process, in a way, ripening a vegetable, which brings its taste, nutritional and aromatic qualities to a certain level, which, however, can not always be called optimal. Now you can deal with the question of how to speed up the ripening of tomatoes in a greenhouse through ripening. A prerequisite for storage is maintaining a temperature of about 25 ° C. The humidity coefficient in this case can be 50-60%. The storage period is about a week.

Conclusion

The latest technological devices, coupled with folk remedies allow even under adverse climatic conditions grow the right vegetables. In this case, they help with optimal thermal effects, and bait with enriched nutritional compositions, as well as proper watering and generally gentle handling of the plant. It should be noted that the rate of ripening is also influenced by the atmosphere in the greenhouse itself. Regardless of crop requirements, many farmers recommend Special attention give temperature regime and ventilation system.

Tomato is a southern plant that requires a lot of heat and light. Therefore, where the summer is short, its fruits often simply do not have time to ripen, and crop losses can be more than 50%. To avoid this, you can use a number of simple tricks that allow you to harvest earlier than usual.

For the rapid ripening of fruits, it is necessary, first of all, to properly form tomato bushes. The more stepsons and branches on the bush, the more energy is spent on their growth and development. If you want to get ripe tomatoes in a shorter time, you need to grow bushes in one trunk, ruthlessly removing all emerging stepchildren.

Helps accelerate the ripening of tomatoes and pinching off the tops when the growing point is removed. This is usually recommended to be done on the central stem and not earlier than over the third flowering brush. When performing this technique, it is necessary to ensure that at least 2-3 leaves remain above the last brush, which will ensure the growth and filling of the set fruits.

It helps to accelerate the ripening and removal of unripe, but already browned and beginning to sing fruits. They can be successfully ripened somewhere in a dry and warm place. The green tomatoes remaining on the branches will pour faster, and will soon reach the stage of so-called "technical" ripeness.

To speed up ripening, stop all feeding and watering, starting from the second half of July. Tomatoes caught on a meager ration ripen faster than those that grow on fertile soil.

You can also speed up the ripening of tomatoes by tearing the roots. In this way, the nutrition of the bush is also limited. But, applying this method, we must remember that it can drastically reduce the yield.

Spraying with saline is used at the first signs of late blight disease. It allows you to save the fruits, accelerating their ripening. Approximately 100 g of ordinary water is taken per liter of water. table salt and the resulting solution is treated with diseased specimens. From such a procedure, all the leaves on them will turn yellow, the growth of the bushes will stop, and all the power of the plants will be directed to the ripening of already formed fruits. BUT thin film salt deposited on the fruits will protect them from damage.

For the same purpose, spraying with superphosphate is also used, after preliminary insisting it in warm water- One tablespoon is enough for a glass. After holding for a couple of days, the infusion is poured into a bucket of water and tomato leaves are processed. After which they darken, and ripening accelerates.

There are more exotic ways to speed up the ripening of tomatoes. One of them is putting on green tomatoes plastic bag. It is based on the fact that tomatoes turn red much faster if an already ripe fruit that emits ethylene gas is placed next to them. A small but already ripe tomato is placed in a bag, which is put on directly on the tomato brush growing on a branch and tied. Keep it in this form is not long - three days. Then the package is removed. In 80% of cases, green tomatoes turn brown in two or three days.

You can simply put on green tomato brushes multi-layered polyethylene "cases" with a cut at the bottom - so that the accumulated moisture drains. In such "clothing" the fruits can continue to grow and ripen even after the first frost.

It has long been noted that significant difference in the rate of ripening is observed in fruits with certain mechanical damage. If you specifically pierce the fruit in several places with a clean wooden stick, then it will ripen much faster than its healthy neighbors.

Accelerates the ripening of tomatoes and the longitudinal splitting of the stem near the root neck. The stem is cut with a knife and a special spacer is inserted into the resulting through slot - wooden stick about 4-5 mm thick.

Some experts suggest giving green tomatoes injections of ethanol, or simply vodka. This does not affect the taste or the content of vitamins, but such fruits ripen much faster. This method of accelerating ripening was tested at the St. Petersburg University of Food Technologies. Tomatoes that had reached normal sizes for their variety were injected with 0.5 ml of ordinary forty-degree vodka. After twelve days, most of the processed tomatoes were already orange or brown in color. And after a week, almost all the fruits were ripe. At the same time, it was noted that the industrial application of this method is unlikely to be appropriate, but it may well be used in private households.

There are also special chemicals, spraying with which, you can significantly accelerate the ripening of tomato fruits. But how these substances, getting into vegetables, will act on a person, no one has seriously enough investigated. Amateur vegetable growers who used this spraying noted that ripening really happens faster, but the taste of tomatoes becomes like a salad.

In any case, each gardener must choose a way to accelerate the ripening of tomatoes on his own - depending on local conditions, and the result that he wants to get.