Quality drill bits for metal. What are the best drill bits for metal? Selection rules

The company "Hand Tools" offers to buy metal drills from "RESOLUX". Products manufactured under this brand name are designed for convenient operation and making the most accurate holes in metal.

Depending on the standard, materials, characteristics, cost and production method, Various types tool.

According to GOST 10902-77, according to quality and price, RESOLUKS drills of the medium series with a cylindrical shank are divided into three groups:

1. R6M5 rolled drills with the following characteristics:

working part - polished;
accuracy class B1;
1 - 20 mm;

Drills are mounted in three-jaw chucks of machine tools or hand drills. Available in sizes from 13mm. In this case, the shank is ground down to 13 mm, due to which a drill with a diameter of 16 mm can be fixed in a 13 mm chuck.

2. P9 stainless steel drills with the following characteristics:

working part - polished;
accuracy class B1;
1 - 13 mm.

Tools allow you to process stainless steel, structural and other hard-to-cut steel grades with maximum efficiency. They are in the middle price segment.

3. R6M5 drills with A1 accuracy class

This is professional tools widely demanded for production needs, at enterprises where there are increased requirements for the properties and characteristics of products, as well as for the clarity of drilling.
By production of the tool of this series high-quality steel of the R6M5 brand and a grinding method is used.
Suggested sizes: 1 - 13 mm.

Rolled drills are the most attractive in terms of price, as they are made by the simplest and most affordable method. The cheapness of the rolling method is explained high speed and production automation:

at the first stage, special blanks are made from the bars;

then they are heated and pulled through, due to which the working part is formed, similar to a spiral;

workpieces are carefully polished and sharpened.

Grinding a working spiral from a solid workpiece is the most expensive production method. The reasons for this are: low production speeds, the most careful processing and, as a result, the highest quality of the product.

Drills with a conical shank are produced by milling. Since full automation of the process is impossible due to big size blanks, it requires a lot of time.

You can buy long and elongated drills with a conical or cylindrical shank from the company " Hand tool" in Moscow. For more information about metal drill prices, please call.

The density of the metal is so high that it is necessary to use special tools and mechanisms to process it. In order to make a hole in this material, drills and drilling machines, in which the main cutting element are drills.

What are the best drill bits for metal? It is not easy to determine, because there are no universal products that would be suitable for processing all types of metal products. Experienced Master will be able to "by eye" determine the type of metal and quickly select the appropriate cutting tool for processing.

A beginner in this business needs to start from the basics. First, study the classification of drills and their scope, because best models are products that are ideal for processing specific type metal.

What are the drills, how to mark and appearance to choose a product suitable for work, find out in the article.

To choose the best models, you need to understand the types of drills.

Spiral

Classic, cylindrical drill bits most commonly used for drilling in metals. Usually spiral products are made of HSS steel.

The material is a high-quality cutting type of steel, so the gimlets made from it are distinguished by high strength and durability.

Conical (stepped)

The cutting surface has the shape of a cone, for which this type of drill got its name. Conical gimlets are used to make holes in thin metal, as well as to correct defects from other cutting tools.

The energy consumption for making a hole in this way is several times lower, due to the small area of contact between the tool and the surface to be machined.

The advantage of using this type of drill over others is to make holes large diameter. At the same time, it is possible to obtain better edges than when working with spiral models.

Feather

A special kind of flat gimlet with interchangeable working edges is used for drilling metal. Such products allow you to make high-quality, perfectly even holes.

No distortion in the drilling process and the ability to make a hole of large diameter in various metal structures, allows many craftsmen to abandon the use of spiral products.

The low cost of spade drills in many cases of metal processing makes them the best for drilling holes.

These are the main types of drills used to make holes in metal structures.

Classification of drills according to the material of manufacture

Which drills for metal are the best for drilling particularly strong alloys, the answer is quite simple:

For processing such material, you should choose products that have cutting edge there is a plate of increased hardness. These gimlets are the best for cutting hard alloys.
The price of such products is low due to the fact that the main body of the cutting tool is made of ordinary tool steel.

Drills made of metal alloyed with cobalt have good characteristics.

They perfectly tolerate increased mechanical loads and excessive heating of the working surface during operation. The cost of products is high, but if it is necessary to make holes in carbide, then cobalt analogues are the best for doing this job.

Titanium drills are not inferior in strength to cobalt ones, and when drilling alloyed steels and non-ferrous alloys, they show even better results.

At correct use, titanium models long time save factory sharpening, which will allow you to perform a significantly larger amount of work.

Inexpensive drills for metal are made from ordinary high-speed steel P9 and P18. The cutting tool does an excellent job of its function, but the working surface quickly becomes dull, especially when a certain temperature threshold is exceeded.

Marking of cutting products

Marking drills for metal is necessary to determine the type of steel from which the cutting tool is made. The product also indicates its diameter, accuracy class and manufacturer (country). Only spiral gimlets with a diameter of less than 2 mm are not marked.

In other cases, the marking of drills can have the following meanings:

P9 - made of high speed steel with a percentage of tungsten 9%.
Р9К15 - indicates the presence of cobalt in the amount of 15% in high-speed steel.
R6M5K5 - indicates the presence of a complex composition of cutting steel containing tungsten, cobalt and molybdenum.

Imported products have the HSS designation, which can be used to determine the composition of the material from which the drill was made. The HSS drill - the decoding of which will be given below, is used with an additional letter, by which the presence of an alloying metal is determined.

HSS Marking:

HSS-E - contains cobalt. It is used in the processing of high viscosity metals.
HSS-Tin - has a titanium coating, which significantly increases the hardness of the working surface, and the temperature resistance of the material increases to +600 degrees.
HSS-E VAP is a cutting tool used for processing stainless materials.
HSS-4241 - designed for drilling aluminum.
HSS-R - have maximum strength.

By marking the cutting tool, you can determine for which metal and in what mode the drill can be used. If the marking is not visible, then the purpose of the drill can be determined by the color of the product.

Visual identification of drill type

By the appearance of the cutting gimlet, you can determine the type of material from which the products are made and thereby find out the mechanical strength of the sample. By color, you can determine the composition and quality of workmanship.

Grey

Drill gray color are made of metal that has not been subjected to any additional processing.

The quality of the tool, in this case, leaves much to be desired, but for a one-time use, such products will fit perfectly.

The black

This color indicates that the tool has been treated with superheated steam. In the process of processing, the product acquires greater strength.

It perfectly tolerates numerous cycles of heating and cooling of the metal, and also keeps the sharpening of the working surface for a long time.

The price of black drills for metal is not much higher than gray products, so if you have a choice, you should give preference to tools of this type when buying.

Dark golden

This color indicates that the cutting tool has been tempered. This type of processing significantly increases the mechanical strength of the product by reducing internal stresses.

A tempered drill can successfully process metals of increased strength, so if you have to drill too hard alloys, it is recommended to purchase a similar model.

Bright golden

The bright golden color indicates that the metal made with the addition of titanium was used in the production.

Despite the high cost of such models, it is much more practical to purchase quality drill than to use cheap cutting tools, which for complex work will need to be used in large quantities.

Thus, it is easy to determine the quality of products by appearance and decide which metal drills are better to buy.

Size classification

To choose the best drill and at the same time not overpay, it is enough to know what length sizes it is customary to divide these products into. If deep holes are not required when drilling metal, then purchasing models that are too long will lead to cost overruns.

Drills are classified according to length as follows:

Short, 20-131 mm long. Tool diameters are in the range of 0.3-20 mm.
Elongated, the length is 19-205 mm, and the diameter is 0.3-20 mm.
Long series with a diameter of 1-20 mm and a length of 56-254 mm.

When performing drilling work of various depths, you should select the tool that is most suitable for the specific task.

Top Producers

To purchase drills and be sure that the declared characteristics are fully true, you must choose the right manufacturer.

Firms that value their reputation do not sell products of inadequate quality. Therefore, when choosing drills for metal, preference should be given to manufacturers who have been on the market for a long time.

Among the newcomers, there may also be worthy manufacturers. But in order to find out that a good quality product is on sale, you need to make a purchase, which is often a “lottery”.

The best manufacturing companies:

1. Bosch - products of a German company have long proven themselves only on the positive side. Despite the rather high price of products, when purchasing Bosch drills, there is no doubt about the excellent quality. It is convenient and profitable to purchase the tools of this company in the kit.

What set of drills not to take, in any will be only highest quality products that will last for many years, provided proper storage and use.

2. "Bison" - domestic manufacturer, whose products in terms of price-quality ratio are optimized as much as possible. You can buy the products of this company both in a single copy and in the form of a set. The last option will save you a lot. cash, despite the significant cost of the kit.

3. Soviet-made drills - this category of cutting tools can be attributed to the "endangered species". With due diligence, you can purchase a rarity, which is distinguished by unsurpassed technical characteristics.

Metal drill markings are special designations that are indicated on the cutting tool. It is imperative to pay attention to all the indicated numbers and letters in the marking, as they indicate the diameter of the device, the steel grade from which it is made, the accuracy class, as well as the country of origin or the brand of manufacture. Drills with a diameter of less than 2 mm are not marked, products with a size of 2 to 3 mm have diameter and steel grade designations. If the cutting tool is large (more than 3 mm), then all possible parameters are indicated on it. Marking features you need to know in order to choose drills required size, since not all devices are suitable for drilling certain holes.

Twist drill marking: the meaning of the letters

Solid spiral cutting tools made of high speed steel have the following grades: P 9, P18, P9K15. The letter P means that the product is made of high speed steel. After the letter P, a number is indicated that indicates the amount of tungsten that the tool contains. An average is taken. More letters and numbers follow. The numbers that are indicated after the letter indicate the content of the alloying substance in the alloy, this is a percentage parameter indicating the mass fraction of substances. For example, if K6 is indicated, this indicates that the alloy contains six parts of cobalt, which contributes to an increase in heat resistance. If M4, then there are four parts of molybdenum. That is, after the letter P and the number, a special letter (name of the element) and a number (the amount of the element present in the alloy) are indicated - this is the percentage content of the alloying element.

photo: marking a twist drill for metal

For example, the following marking R6M5F3 is indicated. This means that the drill is made of high speed steel with the addition of 6 parts of tungsten, 5 parts of molybdenum and 3 parts of vanadium.

Important: the marking does not indicate the quantitative addition of chromium, as well as carbon, since the first element has a stable parameter of 0.4%, and the second has a value equal to the content of vanadium.

An example of a symbol for a spiral tool with a cylindrical shank.

A device that has increased accuracy, diameter - 15 mm, version 1, accuracy class A, designated: 2300-7066 A1 GOST 886-77. AT given value the accuracy class of the device is indicated. It can be A1 - increased accuracy or B1 - normal accuracy. 2300 - operational and design characteristics, 7066 - serial number of manufacture. GOST - in accordance with what standards the device is manufactured.

If you purchase an elongated spiral drill with a cylindrical shank, then AB 2300-0055 will be written on it. AB is the index of the enterprise, 2300 is the operational and design characteristic, 0055 is the serial number of the device standard size according to the factory standard.

An installation with a tapered shank has an indicator of - 2301, for integral ones, the manufacturer's trademark, diameter, grade of hard alloy, the letter "T" must be indicated if the installation has increased accuracy.

Imported devices are designated HSS or DIN. The HSS device has an additional marking - a letter that indicates the working material. For example:

HSS-Co (addition of cobalt);
HSS-E (cobalt addition);
HSS-G (metal addition P4M3 - molybdenum);
HSS-R (metal addition P2M1 - molybdenum).

DIN drill marking has a standard parameter of 338 - this technical norm, which fully complies with GOST 10902-77.

Designation of a center drill

The designation of centering drills is set in accordance with GOST 14952-75. They have an additional letter A, B, C or R in the designation.

A and B indicate that the design is used for holes of 60 degrees and has (B) or does not have a safety cone (A).
C - used for holes of 75 degrees without a safety cone.
R - for holes that have an arcuate shape.

photo: marking a center drill for metal

Installations have a designation, for example, such 2317-0118 GOST 14952-75. 2317 is an operational and design characteristic, 0118 is the serial number of the device standard size according to the factory standard.

For example, if the number 0001 is indicated, then the diameter is 1 mm. Group B devices have marking features. 2317-00-12 if it's the second version, and 2317-0113 if it's the first.

Group C is designated: 2317-0022 (second version), 2317-0124 (first version), group R 2317-0027. This is if the diameter is 1 mm.

Marking drill r6m5 in this type device may not be listed.

Marking of the first cutting tool

Strength is indicated:

P18 - a satisfactory indicator, increased grindability, indicates a wide range of hardening temperatures.
R 9 - different increased wear resistance, a narrower range of hardening temperature indicators, increased plasticity.
Р6М5 - molybdenum is additionally added, increased tendency to decarburization.
R12F3 - have reduced grindability, are used for drilling in medium mode. Added 3% vanadium.
R6M5F3 - increased wear resistance, work on average speed cutting, are used for carbon and alloyed tool steels.
Р9К5, Р6М5К5, Р18К5Ф2 - cobalt is added, which provides an increase in secondary hardness, heat resistance, and an increased cutting mode.

They have the designation 2304 - operational and design characteristics. Full marking 2304-4001-50-108. The indicator from 50 to 108 may vary. He points to possible meaning diameter.

Output

Each device must indicate the steel grade (P and number), additional elements included in the composition (M, K, F and the figure - percentage), the diameter of the drilling part, as well as the trademark of the manufacturer. In order to choose the device of the correct size, pay attention to these parameters, as well as to symbol designs.