Categories of public positions of the subject of the Russian Federation. Categories of civil service positions

The practice of organizing the joint activities of people has developed forms of streamlining the tasks they perform through the division of labor. One of the forms of the division of labor is the position - the initial universal form of organization of people engaged mainly in mental work (see diagram 1).

The position is an established (constituted) social role performed by a person in state, public, private organizations, enterprises, institutions13.

In part 1 of article 1 federal law"About the basics public service Russian Federation"a public position is understood as" a position in federal bodies state power, state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in other state bodies formed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation ..., with an established range of duties for the execution and provision of the powers of this state body, financial support and responsibility for the performance of these duties.

The set of positions, ordered and united by purpose, forms the position structure. It reflects the established formal relations between positions for the organization of joint, coordinated actions of people.

Positions contain a number of requirements for their applicants. The spectrum of these requirements can be varied. Special place among them are qualification requirements. These are the level and profile requirements vocational training, general length of service, length of service and work experience as a civil servant, his personal qualities, abilities, level of knowledge of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, constitutions, charters and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in relation to the execution of relevant official duties and etc.

The content of the position is enshrined in the Constitution, laws and other regulatory legal acts, as well as in the regulations on public authorities, the regulation on the structural unit, job description. The job description usually contains instructions on what to do and how to do it. But, as studies show, only every third civil servant in the performance of their official functions guided job descriptions, 56% - own experience and understanding of the tasks to be solved, 27% - by the attitudes and requirements of the immediate superior, and one in five - by their own conscience14. Apparently, not least, this is due to the fact that in many state bodies there are no such instructions.

Public positions are divided into categories "A", "B", "C".

Public positions of category "A" are established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, constitutions, charters of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the direct execution of the powers of state bodies. For example, the Constitution of the Russian Federation provides for more than 20 positions of category "A", including the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Federation Council and his deputies, the Chairman State Duma and his deputies, heads of legislative and executive power subjects of the Russian Federation, etc.

Public positions established in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation to directly ensure the execution of the powers of persons replacing positions of category "A" belong to category "B". These are the positions of assistants, advisers, consultants, secretaries, etc. Civil servants for these positions are accepted on the basis of the principle of power-political devotion, in accordance with personal recommendations and by personal decision of persons holding public positions of category "A".

The most numerous category of civil servants is category "B". It includes positions established by state bodies for the execution and provision of their powers. These can be heads of departments, specialists, experts, etc. In addition to the above categories government positions The federal law provides for the inclusion in the staff list of state bodies of positions that are intended for technical support their activities and those not related to government positions.

The list of public positions of categories "A", "B", "C" is given in the Register of public positions in the Russian Federation, which, in accordance with the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of the Public Service of the Russian Federation" (clause 3, article 1), is approved by the President of the Russian Federation. At the same time, there are doubts about the legitimacy of granting the President of the Russian Federation the right to approve the Register of Public Positions in the Russian Federation, since it contains the names of public positions in state bodies of all three branches of power15. The above Register consists of the Register of State Positions of the Russian Federation and the Register of State Positions of the Civil Service.

In the Russian Federation, civil service positions are divided into the following groups (see Chart 2):

Highest state positions of the civil service (5th group);

The main state positions of the civil service (4th group);

Leading civil service positions (3rd group);

Senior civil service positions (2nd group);

Junior civil service positions (1st group).

This classification reflects the objective need for a hierarchical differentiation of civil service positions. In the civil service, as in the army, soldiers, officers and generals are required. Civil servants, in order to exercise their powers, must have a special legal status and possess necessary knowledge, skills and abilities.
4. Civil servants

According to Art. 3 of the Federal Law "On the Fundamentals of the Civil Service of the Russian Federation", a civil servant is a citizen of the Russian Federation who, in accordance with the procedure established by federal law, performs the duties of a public position in the civil service for a monetary reward paid at the expense of the federal budget or the budget of the corresponding subject of the Russian Federation.

This law establishes the concept of "public servant" in the narrow sense of the word. Within the meaning of Art. 3 of this law are not civil servants of persons holding in the manner prescribed legal acts, positions in state organization: on the state enterprise, in an organization, institution. In the broad sense of the word, A civil servant is a citizen of the Russian Federation holding a position in a state body.

Civil servants hold public positions included in the All-Russian classifier of professions of workers, positions of employees and tariff categories, which came into effect on January 1, 1996 (see diagram 3).

Civil servants are the most highly educated layer Russian society. According to some data, if among the workers of culture and art the number of people with higher education accounts for 28-35%, scientific workers - 81%, then among managers - from 57 to 87% (depending on the industry)16.

Civil servants acquire significant rights in the formation and implementation of policies through which adopted laws, regulations executive power and court decisions. Civil servants, being professionals in political and legal relations, issue political officials recommendations about possible solutions certain social problems.

A position is an established social role performed by a person in state, public, private organizations, enterprises, institutions. In part 1 of Art. 1 of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of the Public Service of the Russian Federation”, a public position is understood as “a position in federal state authorities, state authorities of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in other state bodies formed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation ..., with an established range obligations to fulfill and ensure the powers of this state body, financial support and responsibility for the fulfillment of these duties. The set of positions, ordered and united by purpose, forms the position structure. It reflects the established formal relations between positions for the organization of joint, coordinated actions of people. Positions contain a number of requirements for their applicants. A special place among them is occupied by qualification requirements. These are requirements for the level and profile of professional training, general length of service, length of service and work experience as a civil servant, his personal qualities, abilities, level of knowledge of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, constitutions, charters and laws of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in relation to the performance of relevant official duties and etc. Public positions are divided into categories "A", "B", "C". Public positions of category "A" are established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws, constitutions, charters of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the direct execution of the powers of state bodies. For example, the Constitution of the Russian Federation provides for more than 20 category “A” positions, including the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Federation Council and his deputies, the Chairman of the State Duma and his deputies, heads of legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, etc. Public positions established in accordance with the procedure established by the legislation of the Russian Federation to directly ensure the execution of the powers of persons replacing positions of category “A” are classified as category “B”. These are the positions of assistants, advisers, consultants, secretaries, etc. Civil servants for these positions are accepted on the basis of the principle of power-political devotion in accordance with personal recommendations and by personal decision of persons holding public positions of category “A”. The most numerous category of civil servants is category "B". It includes positions established by state bodies for the execution and provision of their powers. These can be heads of departments, specialists, experts, etc. In addition to the above categories of public positions, the Federal Law provides for the inclusion in the staff list of state bodies of positions that are intended for the technical support of their activities and do not belong to public positions.

Position- an established social role performed by a person in state, public, private organizations, enterprises and institutions.

State. position- this is a part of the organizational structure of a state body, isolated and fixed in official documents, corresponding to the part of the competence of a state body, transferred to a person - a civil servant for the purpose of its practical implementation.

State Duma, replaced by civil servants, constitute the institution of the GS.

In the state apparatus, the position serves as a link between the state, the structure and competence of the body, on the one hand, and civil servants, on the other hand.

DG- a position in federal government bodies, government bodies of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as in other state bodies formed in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, with an established range of duties to fulfill and ensure the powers of this state body, pay and be responsible for the performance of these duties.

Typology of public positions:

of the Russian Federation, chairmen of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, heads of legislative and executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, deputies, ministers, judges and others (decision-making level, political elite);

Category "B"- State Duma of the Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation - aimed at directly ensuring the execution of the powers of persons replacing positions of category "A" - the secretariat, consultants, heads. press services (replaced by the personal decision of patrons);

List of public positions of categories "A", "B" and "C" is given in the Register of Public Positions in the Russian Federation.

DG classification- The distribution of these positions by groups with the definition of requirements for them and by specialization.

Positions civil service subdivided into categories and groups.

Civil service positions are divided into the following categories:

1) heads - positions of heads and deputy heads of state bodies and their structural subdivisions, positions of heads and deputy heads of territorial bodies of federal executive bodies and their structural subdivisions, positions of heads and deputy heads of representative offices of state bodies and their structural subdivisions, replaced for a certain term of office or no time limit

powers;

2) assistants (advisers) - positions established to assist persons holding public positions, heads of state bodies, heads of territorial bodies federal bodies executive power and heads of representative offices of state bodies in the exercise of their powers and replaced for a certain period, limited by the term of office of these persons or heads;

3) specialists - positions established for professional support of the performance of established tasks and functions by state bodies and filled without limitation of the term of office;

4) providing specialists - positions established for organizational, informational, documentation, financial, economic, economic and other support of the activities of state bodies and replaced without limitation of the term of office.

Civil service positions are divided into the following groups:

1) the highest positions of the civil service;

2) the main positions of the civil service;

3) leading positions in the civil service;

4) senior civil service positions;

5) junior civil service positions.

civil service.

civil service

Article 10 Registers of civil service positions Russian Federation

1. Positions of the federal state civil service, classified according to government bodies, categories, groups, and also on other grounds, make lists of positions of the federal state civil service, which are the relevant sections of the Register of positions of the federal state civil service. The register of positions of the federal state civil service is approved by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.

Positions of the state civil service of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation in state bodies of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, established taking into account the structure of these bodies and classified into categories, groups of positions in accordance with Article 9 of this Federal Law, make up lists of positions of the state civil service of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation, which are the relevant sections of the register of positions state civil service of the subject of the Russian Federation. The register of positions of the state civil service of the subject of the Russian Federation is compiled taking into account the principles of construction of the Register of positions of the federal state civil service and is approved by law or other regulatory legal act of the subject of the Russian Federation.

Class ranks of the civil service are assigned to civil servants in accordance with the civil service position to be occupied.

service within the civil service group.

Civil servants replacing civil service positions for a specified term of office, with the exception of civil servants

employees replacing civil service positions of the category "leaders" belonging to the highest group of civil service positions

service, as well as civil servants who fill civil service positions of the category "assistant (advisers)", the appointment and dismissal of which are carried out by the President of the Russian Federation, and civil servants who fill civil service positions related to main group positions of the civil service, the appointment and dismissal of which are carried out by the Government of the Russian Federation, class ranks are assigned based on the results of a qualification exam.

Civil servants who fill positions of the federal civil service of the highest group are assigned a class rank of civil service - a real state adviser of the Russian Federation of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd class. civil servant,

those who replace civil service positions of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of the highest group are assigned a class rank of civil service - an active state adviser to a constituent entity of the Russian Federation of the 1st, 2nd or 3rd class.

The procedure for assigning and retaining class ranks of the civil service of a subject of the Russian Federation is determined by the law of the subject

Russian Federation subject to the provisions of this article.

The procedure for assigning and retaining class ranks of the federal civil service, the ratio of class ranks of the federal civil service and military and special ranks, class ranks of the law enforcement service are determined by decree of the President of the Russian Federation.