Features of the choice and application of paints on glass and ceramics. Art painting of ceramics - stencils and sketches

Master class: painting on ceramics is a small lesson for those who want to discover new horizons and fresh thoughts for themselves and their creativity.

For an unknowing person, painting on ceramics is a matter for professional artists, in complex techniques. In part, this is true, but only in part, because every professional once learned this craft. And no one will forbid us to try to learn how to paint on ceramics on our own. To begin with, let's figure out how you can paint ceramics.

Children most of all love felt-tip pens and markers, for them and not only felt-tip pens for ceramics. In order to use such a felt-tip pen, the paint inside it must be shaken up and caused to flow to the tip of the felt-tip pen by double pressing. Like the one drawn ordinary paints, a drawing made with felt-tip pens needs drying and firing. More details can be found in the instructions for the felt-tip pens.

Glaze is an additional coating, usually applied on top of a painted object to protect the product from dust.

The most widely used medium for painting ceramics is acrylic paints. They are glossy and translucent, as well as in special tubes with a sharp spout. The paint flowing from such tubes lays down in a thin strip and, as a rule, is used as a pattern outline. After painting acrylic paints the object does not need to be fired.

This concludes our short digression and move on to the master class. We will need:

ceramic item for painting (mug, plate, vase, etc.)
Acrylic paints
2-3 brushes of different thickness

Painting work with any glass or ceramic product should always begin with degreasing the surface. Wipe the surface of the item with alcohol or glass cleaner. If your ceramic product not white color, it is better to apply a primer, which can be used as white paint. If the product is not primed, there is a risk that its original color or pattern will show through the paint. Never start painting an object without a preliminary sketch. Work out all the strokes, and the drawing as a whole, on paper, with ordinary paints.

When the drawing is determined, you can start painting the product. Try to move from light colors to dark, from large, wide strokes, to small ones.

When the drawing is applied, you can experiment with the contours for greater effect.

It's not that hard. One has only to want and not be afraid of difficulties, and also to follow useful tips and gradually improve their knowledge and skills.

vase painting- ornamental or pictorial decorative painting of vessels, performed almost exclusively ceramic way, i.e special paints with subsequent firing - was developed back in the Cretan-Mycenaean art (Aegean culture); vases "kamares" (20-18 centuries BC) with stylized, flexibly rounded plant patterns; vases with close-to-life images of plants (late 17th-16th centuries BC), octopuses, fish, starfish (16th century BC). In the 20th-16th centuries. BC e. paintings freely covered the entire vessel

Stricter in composition were the paintings of vases of the “palace style” (end of the 15th century BC) with smaller and geometrized floral ornaments, wavy lines. In Late Mycenaean art (14th-12th centuries BC), the paintings (schematic representations of people and animals replaced by geometric motifs and spirals) are drier and more concise.

There are two methods of vase painting: vase painting on glaze and underglaze painting. Already signs on the glaze ready product, and underglaze painting is applied to a pre-fired product. After the end of the work of the artist, the product is covered with a layer of transparent glaze and fired again at a high temperature.

IN Kievan Rus clay products were covered with ceramic mass, followed by mountain firing. This technique was called engobing.

IN ancient greece Vases were covered with so-called black lacquer, white, purple, less often - fragile "watercolor" (blue, pink, red, gray, yellow) paints and gilding

Geometric style (9th-8th centuries BC; horizontal stripes of rhythmic linear patterns and geometrized images, clearly revealing the tectonics of the vase); "carpet style" (7th century BC; polychrome images of animals and fantastic creatures combined with a floral pattern). In the 6th c. BC e. in Attica, the black-figure style flourishes (figures applied with black lacquer, on a yellowish or reddish clay background; details of clothing, ornaments, etc., made in white and purple paint), with its musical purity of contour lines, generalization of black flat silhouettes, with subtle emotionality scenes (mainly mythological); main masters: Clytiy, Exekius, Amasis. Around 530 B.C. e. transition to red-figure vase painting

(black background and clay-colored figures; auxiliary role of ornament; abundance of genre and mythological scenes), which made it possible to draw shapes in more detail, outline volumes with the help of internal lines. Red-figure "strict style" (the last quarter of the 6th century to the beginning of the 5th century BC) is notable for its clarity and elegance of design, while maintaining a certain rigidity and angularity of forms; major masters: Ephronius, Duris, the so-called Brig vase painter (see Brig). From the 2nd quarter of the 5th c. BC e. in V. "free style" the image becomes more voluminous and complex. Accuracy and laconism of drawing, sad lyricism are inherent in polychrome paintings of white funerary lekythos of the 3rd quarter of the 5th century. BC e. For V. of the end of the 5th-4th centuries. BC e. decorative splendor (“luxurious style” - paintings by Midiya and others), congestion of the composition, attempts to convey perspective, violation of the unity of the image and the shape of the vessel are characteristic

In addition to Greece proper, V. flourishes in southern Italy (Apulia and Campanian vases). Under the strong influence of Greek architecture was the architecture of the Etruscans (see Etruscans). In the 3rd-2nd centuries. BC e. Greek V. is characterized by sketchy, simple linear and geometric ornaments.
What formed the basis of the style of Iznik ceramics

Ceramics Iznik filled with images of Byzantine, Seljuk art, the art of Syria, Central Asia and Iran, resulting in a bright and juicy floral ornament fine and fine products. Seljuks- a dynasty of Western Turks, rich in every sense, capturing large spaces in Asia, which experienced the flowering of art and left behind a large number of unique ceramic tiles. Art style that period is called rumi.

Rome and Rumi is not a simple consonance. The artistic style of Rumi originated in Rome, where craftsmen painted ceramics using the Byzantine technique, and the Seljuks adopted it and began to call themselves Rumi (that is, the Roman Seljuks).

Antique plates with Rumi painting. Photo: people.sabanciuniv.edu

Many Muslim mosques are decorated with rumi tiles. They lie on the walls like a magical ceramic carpet with an intricate oriental pattern. Very nice.

What does a mosque look like with rumi tiles inside. Please note that the tile is decorated not only with ornaments, but also with calligraphic writing. Photo: turkishtiles.wordpress.com

Artels and workshops were created in the 20-30s of the twentieth century. In 1929, in the village of Turygino, an artel "Forward, ceramics" was organized. In 1936, the artel was renamed the artel "Artistic ceramics" and later transformed into the Turyginsky plant "Artistic ceramics"

At the end of this post - interesting video, showing how to make dot painting with firing

Continued in the next article

Ceramics and tableware are an important part kitchen interior and their kind actually has great importance in shaping your mood. Agree, breakfast will be much more pleasant if it is served in pretty painted plates or cups.

Let's take a look at a few tutorials for beginners that will help you transform your ordinary plain plates into small DIY works of art using acrylic paints.

We will look at 3 basic techniques for painting ceramics with acrylic: plates, cups and mugs through a stencil, as well as beautiful combination marker and paint.

About - we talked about in this article!

How to hang 6 ways

Once you have finished using the ceramic marker, close it with a lid, even if it is a small break in work. The tip can become clogged, and this can be avoided.
Store markers in a horizontal position.
It is important to put dishes in an unheated oven and heat up, when she's already there. Otherwise, it may crack from a sharp temperature drop.
Acrylic translucent paints, so they are best used on white or light porcelain.
If you want the paint to become less transparent, mix it with white.

Acrylic paint is resistant to washing (both manual and dishwasher) and microwave.

Please note that this paint is non-toxic. However, we do not recommend using it on surfaces that come into direct contact with food.

Master class number 1: black acrylic painting on a white plate

For this master class, you do not need a lot of acrylic paints, just one color is enough. But ceramics painted in this way will not look less impressive.

Materials:

cups, ceramic plates, saucers (it is best to use porcelain or faience),
tassel,
black acrylic paint Pebeo Porcelaine 150 (or equivalent),
damp cloth or towel.

Painting technology:

At first practice drawing on paper so as not to edit the dishes once again. But if there is a mistake on the dishes, it can be corrected with a damp cloth.
Draw a picture on the dishes. It can be flowers, stars, polka dots, small lines, or anything else that comes to your mind.
Translucent paint, so for a clearer drawing, apply more than one layer.
Leave dry for 24 hours.
After this time, set dishes in a cool oven, set the temperature to 150 ° C. Once the oven has reached the set temperature, leave to bake.
When the time has elapsed, turn off the oven and allow the dishes to cool before removing.
The result is beautiful dishes that only you have!

Master class number 2: painting mugs and cups with acrylic paint

A fairly simple drawing will be used here, which does not require special artistic skills, so all you need is desire, materials and a little time.

Materials:

white cup (mug) and saucer (ceramic or porcelain),
marker Pebeo Porcelaine 150,
several colors of acrylic paints (blue, sapphire, white, rainbow colors),
one or two brushes
palette for mixing paints (you can use a plate),
a few cotton swabs (to correct mistakes),
alcohol or glass cleaner, ordinary kitchen stove.

Painting technology:

First you need alcohol or window cleaner clean ceramics and dishes from fingerprints or grease.
We draw on the cup and saucer (except for the center of the saucer where the cup is placed) raindrops, that is, their contours. Draw a rainbow in the center of the saucer.
Thus, it turns out that when the cup is on the saucer, the rainbow will not be visible, but when the cup is lifted from the saucer for tea drinking, there will be a pleasant little surprise, iridescent in the literal and figurative sense of the word. Remember that the paint dries in 5-10 seconds.

TIP: If you have never used a marker before, you need to get the paint to start flowing out of it. To do this, you need to shake it for about 30 seconds, and then press the tip onto a sheet of paper until the paint starts to flow. Once the paint has gone, you can start painting.

Take a medium size brush to paint the raindrops. Use blue paint. You can paint right away with the paint that is in the bottle, or you can add a little water so that the color is not so saturated. Do not shake the paint, this can create bubbles that will reduce the quality of the drawing.

If you got out a little beyond the contours and the paint has not dried yet, this can be corrected with a cotton swab or napkin. If the paint is already dry, first moisten a cotton swab with alcohol, and only then correct the mistake. If a big mistake was made during painting and you want to start over, then wash dishes under warm water or wipe with alcohol and let it dry well before starting again.

These paints mix well with each other, so you can paint some of the droplets with blue, then mix with sapphire and paint the rest. You can paint a part with just paint, and often with paint mixed with water.
It is important to wash and wipe the brush well when switching to each new color paints.

After you finish the raindrops, move on to the rainbow. To do this, use a very thin brush so that the drawing is neat and does not crawl out of the contours.
remember, that green color can be obtained by mixing yellow and blue, and orange - red and yellow.
The drawing is already finished, but this dish is not yet ready for use. Leave to dry for 24 hours.
After this time, put the dishes in a cool oven, set the temperature to 150 ° C. When the oven warms up to the set temperature, set a timer for 30 minutes and leave to bake. When the time has elapsed, turn off the oven and allow the dishes to cool before removing.
Now that's all. You can enjoy your tea!

In general, with the help of the same tools, you can draw any other drawing that appears in your imagination.

Master class number 3: Stenciling a plate

If you are worried that you will not be able to immediately take and draw something on a plate, then a stencil can help you. It is also useful if you want to make a set of dishes from several identical plates or cups, then the stencil will help save time and achieve identity.

There is one trick to know about this method: the stencil must be removed before the paint begins to dry, as it can then be removed with some of the paint.

Materials:

porcelain, ceramic or even paper plates,
acrylic paint,
stationery knife,
contact paper for stencil,
brushes,
oven.

Manufacturing steps:

You can draw stencils yourself or you can take already finished drawings and print them on contact paper.
Lay the patterned contact paper on the plate.
Carefully cut out the pattern with a utility knife.
Using a brush, apply paint to the plate inside the stencil. If you mixed colors and different colors, make sure that you get enough paint for all the plates so that they are all the same.

Leave to dry for 24 hours.
After this time, put the dishes in a cool oven, set the temperature to 150° C.
When the oven reaches the set temperature, set the timer for 30 minutes and leave to bake. When the time has elapsed, turn off the oven and allow the dishes to cool before removing.

The set of dishes is ready!

All dishes painted with these paints can be used for food. But it can also be used in decorating rooms. Either way, she's beautiful and unique!

Ideas for painting ceramics

Below are some ideas and drawings for decorating ceramic tableware and inspiration. Such plates handmade is, Birthday or Valentine's Day.

Stencils for painting

The easiest way to paint is, of course, a stencil. If you really don’t know how to draw at all or don’t like to draw, we take a ready-made drawing, print it out, cut it out and attach it to a plate with adhesive tape. We paint in the desired color.

Here are the most simple and popular stencils for plates.

Do-it-yourself plate painting is an art that is available for both experienced and novice decorators. After all, the technique is very easy to master, does not require the purchase of expensive materials, waste of time and effort, so you can not be afraid to lose interest in the process. And hand painting on glass and ceramics can become your permanent hobby, relaxation method or even a hand-made business on Internet sites like the Crafts Fair or Etsy.

In this material, we will consider the following methods and techniques for painting plates with our own hands, which are suitable for beginners:

Painting on stencils and patterns;
Artistic hand-painted plates;
Stained glass painting.

Master class No. 1: chiseled painting of plates

Dot painting of plates (piqué or point to point) is a technique of drawing and creating contours with dots, thanks to which you can achieve the effect of embossing, inlay with stones, colored rhinestones or beadwork. You can take a look at the photo below. successful combinations colors and patterns (scroll photo to the right).

And here are the ideas for decorating bowls using the pique technique.

For work you will need:

Cotton pads for degreasing and cotton buds for correcting an unsuccessful pattern;
Ethyl alcohol, nail polish remover or a special degreaser;
Contour acrylic paints of the desired colors;
Aerosol varnish to fix and protect the pattern;
Needle and paper for cleaning tubes.

Adviсe:

If you want to use plates according to their intended purpose, then choose baked acrylic paints labeled dishwasher ability or dishwasher resistant. Durable contour paints can be found in the Hobby Line brands Kreul, Decola, Marabu and Pebeo Vitrail.
Paints should not be too thick or too thin. You can check this in the following way: press the tube - if the paint comes out easily, but in a puddle, then the consistency is too liquid, if it is difficult to squeeze out, then it is too thick. Before starting work, you need to test each tube, as different colors paints of the same type can be of different consistency.
You can draw dots with a small, thin brush, needle, or toothpick, using acrylic pottery paints in regular jars, if you find tube painting difficult.

Drawing technique

First of all, you need to degrease the surface well with alcohol or a degreaser using a cotton pad, and only then proceed to creativity. Experienced craftsmen can draw immediately on the plate, without using any sketches and markings, inventing patterns right in the process of work. You, too, can trust the free flight of thoughts and improvise. But if you want to realize a certain artistic intent, then it is better to first draw a sketch, template, stencil or markup, having thought through color scheme and ornaments.

For painting on glass, it is convenient to use templates that can be glued on the back of the plate.

Beginner Tip: Before you paint your plate, practice dotting small, medium, and dots on paper. big size at the same distance from each other with the same pressure and pressure on the tube.

The main rules: there must be points of the same size in one line, and the same distance must be maintained between the points, and it is very important that it (the distance) be minimal, that is, such that the points are “read”, but do not merge into a solid contour ;
Remember that the larger the points, the greater the distance between them can be. Conversely, the smaller the points, the smaller the distance from each other should be;
You need to draw according to the principle from the general to the particular, that is, starting with large contours and ending with the drawing of small details.

After work, the paint should dry. You can dry them in three ways:

In a natural way for 1 day - if you want to use the plate rarely or even use it only as a decor item.
Dry with a hair dryer, and then leave the paint to harden for 10-12 hours naturally.
Bake at a temperature of 150-170 degrees for half an hour, and then, without removing it from the oven, let the dishes cool down - in case you want to eat from painted plates. It is advisable not to wash the painted dishes for 20 days after firing - this way the paint will last longer.

After the paint is on decorative plate dry, you can fix it with varnish.

Master class number 2: painting plates on stencils and patterns

Another way that anyone can master is painting dishes using stencils and patterns.

For work you will need:

Acrylic paints for glass and ceramics or felt-tip pens for painting dishes, which come in different colors and thicknesses of the rod. In Russia, you can most often find markers from Marabu;
Artistic synthetic brushes suitable sizes(if necessary) or sponge for tamping;
Nail polish remover, alcohol or degreaser and cotton pads for degreasing;
Everything you need to draw and cut a stencil or template: paper, cutter, pencil.

Drawing technique

First you need to draw yourself or print a ready-made stencil / template, and then cut out the necessary holes with a clerical knife. Perhaps, in this technique, only this stage can be called laborious. Then everything is much simpler: degrease the surface and glue the template to the bottom with adhesive tape.

Then we paint over / stamp the drawing on the stencil. After that, you can place accents on your picture, draw details or contours.

If you painted with acrylics, then you can dry them naturally, with a hair dryer or in the oven, according to the recommendations of the first master class on spot painting plates.

Master class number 3: Art painting by hand with brushes

Painting plates in the traditional way, that is, with brushes and paints, is The best way write a real masterpiece.

For work you will need:

Artistic synthetic brushes different forms and sizes;
Acrylic paints for glass and ceramics or baked stained glass paints on water based;

Tip: stained glass paints are more transparent and at the same time brighter, but they are a little more difficult to work with due to their liquid consistency and the ability to spread over the surface, so they are often used in combination with contour paints that hold them back. Also, keep in mind that solvent-based stained glass paints are not suitable for painting plates that will be used for their intended purpose.

Any degreaser.

Drawing technique

First you need to write an underpainting, that is, draw large parts of the composition, which will be its basis. Next, add volume and depth to the drawing using dark and bright hues. And then start drawing the details. At the end of the work, use the recommendations for fixing the paint from the first master class.

Adviсe:

Mix paints and play with halftones to get unusual colors and effects.
Painting a ceramic plate with a matte glaze will be easier than painting on glossy ceramics or glass, as the paint will lay down more densely and evenly.

Here are simple but interesting ideas for painting plates with brushes and acrylics with your own hands for beginner artists (scroll the photo to the right).

For those who have the skill and experience of drawing, we offer you to be inspired by the following selection of photos of painted plates.

And here is a great idea for painting saucers and plates from old tea sets.

Master class number 4: painting with markers on ceramics and glass

Drawing with markers and felt-tip pens is familiar to all of us from childhood. With the help of special felt-tip pens for painting dishes with your own hands, you can quickly and easily decorate a ceramic plate with inscriptions, as well as depict a graphic and very detailed picture. We look at examples of such decor in the next selection of photos.

For work you will need:

Any degreaser and cotton pads;
Felt pens of different colors and thickness of the rod.

painting technique

Before you start painting on the dishes, do not forget to degrease the surface.
The main rule - try to draw lines and outlines of the picture with small, frequent strokes - so you are less likely to make a mistake.
Also try to draw from the general to the specific.

Pre-outline the contours of the picture, if necessary, use a template or stencil.
Most markers dry in 24 hours, do not require firing, and are dishwasher safe.

Video lesson: stained glass painting

And finally, it was the turn of the stained-glass painting of the plates. This is a slightly more complicated technique for painting on dishes due to the paint itself - as already noted, stained glass paints are liquid, and therefore they are often filled with contours. And they are more transparent, glossy and less resistant than acrylic. If you want to use "stained glass" plates, then choose only water-based paints, and at the end of the work, bake the dishes in the oven at a temperature of 170 degrees. If you want to hang a painted dish on the wall, then you can choose paints that are not baked on a solvent basis and, in this case, do not forget to purchase a varnish to fix the picture.

One-stroke paints are made from pure pigment and water, they have no glazing content, are non-toxic, safe and are used for painting products that need to be stored. food products. They are best suited for drawing small details. To get bright rich color only one stroke is required, hence the name of the paints. The paints are translucent, therefore they are not suitable for a continuous coating, in addition, such paint penetrates the biscuit, and therefore it should be applied especially carefully.

Underglaze paints are also suitable for work, and they can be applied in two or more layers, depending on the thickness of the layer, the effect can be from transparent to opaque. These paints are easily washed off if a mistake is made.

Painting brushes should be good and fairly expensive. Fan-shaped brushes are used, round, with a pointed tip, flat. So the sable hair liner brush is great for drawing contours and details.

For relief painting, you can use a paste - a clay-based product, most often black or white. This opaque material, which is used to create embossed patterns and decorations over or under colored glaze, it is sometimes used for outline stroke, therefore it may be called an embossed outline.

Used as upper layer painting. There are overglaze glazes - gold, silver and mother-of-pearl. They can be used after the glaze firing. They are fired at a lower temperature to complete the finish.

To carry out thin colored stripes and painting, you can use a potter's wheel or a tourniquet. The outer border on the product can be carried out using. Sea sponges are perfect for creating lovely lace patterns. Sometimes you need a tool for scratching patterns using the sgraffito technique. Also, to transfer the drawing to a biscuit, you will need carbon paper or tissue paper.

Isopropanol liquid is used to clean materials and equipment. When working with paints, it can create a mottled pattern. Before applying the pattern to the surface, it must be cleaned of possible contaminants. When using tissue paper, the areas to be painted over must be moistened with a sponge and allowed to dry naturally before transferring the pattern. When using carbon paper, the pattern is translated before wetting.

There are several ways to translate the pattern, two will be described below. In the first case, carbon paper for clay is used. This paper is used for transferring onto flat or slightly curved surfaces. Before starting, you need to check whether you are working with the desired side of the paper, for this, place the paper on the surface of the biscuit, then make a small surface with a pencil. If there is a blue mark on the surface of the biscuit, you can continue. Patterns can be printed on the front side of clay transfer paper using a photocopier and translated simply by tracing. Alternatively, you can trace the pattern on plain paper by placing it on carbon paper.

Tissue paper is used for curved or angular surfaces. When transferring, the tissue paper must be loose enough for the applied marker to transfer to the biscuit.

First, the drawing is transferred to papyrus paper, then turned over so that the front side becomes the reverse and applied to the product. Next, the pattern is circled again with a different contrasting color. After removing the paper, the pattern should be transferred to the biscuit and the product is ready for painting.

Some painting techniques

To obtain the appearance of three-dimensional petals, pointed thick brushes are used, while the paint is applied to the palette in the form of a drop. Two paints of different colors are placed side by side and also side by side, allowing them to mix a little, and they are drawn onto the brush. After removing excess paint, you can start painting. In order to get a pointed tip, the brush, after pressing and holding the required length of the stroke, is lifted and twisted.

For drawing leaves better fit flat brush. It is convenient to paint over such forms from the center to the edge, picking up a little lighter paint than necessary so that it is possible to create shades.

If the paints dry too quickly, they can be moistened with water from the poufon.