3 sentence with homogeneous sentences. Homogeneous members of a sentence

1. The concept of homogeneous members.

2. Unions with homogeneous members.

3. Homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

4. Generalizing words with homogeneous terms.

Homogeneous members of the proposal - these are members of the same name, connected with each other by a coordinative connection and performing the same syntactic function in a sentence, i.e. united by the same relationship to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members are connected or can be connected by coordinating conjunctions and are pronounced with enumeration intonation. In the absence of unions or when they are repeated, homogeneous members are also connected by connecting pauses. Homogeneous can be both main and secondary members of the sentence, for example:

The gardener fell silent, put the tube behind the top of his boot (P.S.) - homogeneous predicates;

Caps and scarves, overcoats and overalls (E.N.) walked past Dunyashka - homogeneous subjects;

On the corners of album sheets, Vasya painted birds, animals and angels (PS) - homogeneous additions.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can be uncommon and common, those. may include explanatory words, for example:

Everything stirred, woke up, sang, rustled, spoke (T).

My horse jumped through the bushes, tore the bushes with his chest (L.)

Homogeneous members may have the same morphological expression, but may be heterogeneous, for example:

Now she is kind of quiet, bright and affectionate in words (K. V.)

The presence of homogeneous members of the proposal is not seen in the following cases:

1. When repeating the same words in order to emphasize the duration of the action, the multitude of persons or objects, the increased manifestation of the sign, etc., for example: I'm going, I'm going to an open field (P.); Here is a dark, dark garden (N.)

2. In integral phraseological expressions: and day and night; both old and young; neither this nor that; neither give nor take; neither back nor forth, etc. .

3. When combining two verbs in the same form, acting as a single predicate (in the meaning of an action and its purpose, an unexpected or arbitrary action, etc.), for example, I'll go look at the class schedule; took yes and did the opposite, etc.

To connect homogeneous members of a sentence, the following categories of coordinating conjunctions are used:

1. Connecting unions: and, yes,(in the meaning of "and"), neither ... nor, etc. Union and can be single and repetitive. A single union shows that the enumeration is exhaustive, for example: Screeching, barking and howling were heard outside (Ars.).

The repetition of the union and before each homogeneous member of the sentence makes the series incomplete and emphasizes the enumerative intonation, for example: And the sling, and the arrow, and the crafty dagger spare the winner for years (P.).

Union and can connect homogeneous terms in pairs, for example: They agreed: wave and stone, poetry and prose, ice and fire are not so different from each other (P.).

Recurring union no no used in negative sentences, acting as a union and, For example: Behind the rain, neither the sea nor the sky was visible (M. G.)

Union Yes(in the meaning of "and") is used mainly in colloquial speech, its use in works of art gives the speech a touch of simplicity, for example: And Vaska listens and eats (Kr.); Open the window and sit next to me (P.).

Union Yes is also used as a repeating, but cannot appear before the first homogeneous member, for example: Dog, Man, yes Cat, yes Falcon once swore to each other in eternal friendship (Kr.).

Unions also yes and have an associated meaning, for example: I peacefully enjoyed my work, success, fame, as well as the work and success of friends (P.)

Double alliances as ... so and, not so ... as, not only ... but (a) and, not so much ... how much, as much ... as much, although ... but, if not ... then have the meaning of comparisons, comparisons, for example: Although it looks simple, it has a wonderful property (Kr.).

2. Opposing unions: ah but yes(meaning "but") however, etc.

Union a shows that instead of some objects, signs, actions, others are established, i.e. that one concept is affirmed and another is denied, for example: The Titmouse put on glory, but did not light the sea (Kr.).

In the absence of negation union a indicates opposition, for example: The dog ages for the brave, but bites the cowardly (proverb).

Union but introduces a constraint shade, for example: On the right bank there are peaceful, but still restless auls (L.T.)

Union Yes introduces a colloquial connotation, for example: Who is noble and strong, but not smart, so bad if he is with a good heart (Kr.).

Emphasize opposition alliances but and but, For example: I hesitated a little, but sat down (T.).

A connecting union can act as an opposing union and, For example: I wanted to travel around the whole world, and did not travel around the hundredth part (Gr.).

3. Dividing unions: or, or, whether ... whether, then ... then, not that ... not that, etc.

Union or(single or repeated) indicates the need to choose one of the concepts expressed by homogeneous members and excluding or replacing each other, for example: They let me go with Evseich to the river every day, either in the morning or in the evening (Ax.)

Union or, with the same meaning (usually repeated), is colloquial, for example: Gavrila decided that the mute either ran or drowned with his dog (T.)

Recurring union then... then indicates an alternation of phenomena, for example: The stars either blinked with a faint light, then disappeared (G.)

Recurring union whether ... whether has a separating enumeration value.

Recurring alliances not that ... not that, either ... or indicate the uncertainty of the impression or the difficulty of choice, for example: In the heart, not laziness, not tenderness (G.)

In Russian, it is customary to single out homogeneous and heterogeneous definitions.

Homogeneous definitions are each directly connected with the word being defined and are in the same relationship to it. Homogeneous definitions are connected with each other by coordinating conjunctions and enumerative intonation or only by enumeration intonation and connecting pauses.

Homogeneous definitions are used in two cases: a) to designate the distinguishing features of different objects, b) to designate various features of the same object.

Ex: Red, green, yellow, blue panels of light fall on passers-by (K ..)

Chapaev loved a strong, decisive, firm word (Ch.)

Definitions are heterogeneous if the preceding definition does not refer directly to the noun being defined, but to a combination of the subsequent definition and the noun being defined, for example: The sun hid behind advanced low ripped cloud (L. T.).

Heterogeneous definitions characterize the subject from different angles, in different ways, for example: large leather briefcase(size and material), elongated pale face(shape, color), beautiful Moscow boulevards(quality, location).

A generalizing word is usually a grammatical form of expression of a generic concept that combines subordinate concepts on the basis of material proximity, the grammatical form of expression of which is homogeneous members of a sentence, for example:

Village, stacks of hay, paths all covered with snow (E.N.).

Everywhere: in front, behind, on the left, on the right - boundless native expanses were spread (K.V.).

Often, words denoting a concept with a wide scope are used as a generalizing word, for example:

Across the river, along the roads, in the steppe - everywhere it was empty (T.).

The generalizing word can be in front of homogeneous members or follow them. Sometimes homogeneous members are between the subject - the generalizing word - and the predicate, for example:

A crowd of buildings: human, barns, cellars - filled the yard.

In order to strengthen, the following words are placed before the generalizing word: in a word, in a word, For example:

River, forest, groves, fields - in a word, everything is pleasing to our eyes.

Sentences with homogeneous members are widely used in oral and written speech. After reading the article, you will find out what it is, get acquainted with the features of the use of homogeneous members of the sentence, as well as the rules of punctuation when writing them.

What are homogeneous members of a sentence?

Homogeneous members of a sentence are members of a sentence that perform the same syntactic function. In a sentence, they refer to the same word and answer the same question. Homogeneous members of a sentence can be represented by any independent part of speech (noun, verb, adjective, etc.) and indicate an object, sign, action or circumstance.

Sentences with homogeneous members are complicated sentences.

What members of a sentence can be homogeneous?

Any members of the sentence can act as homogeneous. The table shows examples of the use of homogeneous members of a sentence with different syntactic roles.

Member of the proposal	What question is being answered	Examples
Subject		Masha, Sasha and Vitya walked in the yard. I live at home kitty and puppy.
Predicate	What to do? What to do?	Today at the lesson we squatted, ran and jumped. Anya is good is reading, writes and He speaks in English.
Definition	Which? What?	I bought yellow, red and blue balloons. This table is not large, a little.
Addition	Questions of indirect cases	Grandma fed chickens and ducklings. In the painting, the artist depicted field and lake.
Circumstance	How? Where? Where? Where? When? What for? Why?	in winter and spring need to eat more vitamins. The path was going up, then down.

In some cases, homogeneous members of a sentence can be represented by different parts of speech, phrases, phraseological expressions or phrases that perform the same syntactic function ( He answered in class(as?) confidently, on business, well thought it all out ).

How to find homogeneous members of a sentence?

To find homogeneous members in a sentence, you must:

Select the main and secondary members of the proposal;
Determine which members of the sentence answer one question and refer to one word;
Check whether they are connected by a coordinative or non-union connection (whether they are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration).

Example: Woman embroidered flower and bird. Flower and bird- additions, answer the question what?, refer to the word embroidered; connected by a coordinative connection, between them there is a coordinating union and.

Sometimes several members of a sentence can be homogeneous at once. Sentences of this type are more often used in written speech.

Examples: Me and him were talking and joking yesterday(homogeneous members of the sentence: me, he(subject) and talking, joking(predicates)).

Punctuation with homogeneous members of a sentence

In sentences, homogeneous members can be combined by allied and non-union communication.

What have we learned?

Homogeneous members of the sentence have the same syntactic features, answer one question;
Homogeneous members of a sentence can be represented by any part of speech, phrase, turnover;
On a letter, a comma, a union, or a comma and a union can be placed between homogeneous members of a sentence.

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§ 1 The concept of homogeneous members of a sentence

In this lesson, we will expand the previously familiar concept of homogeneous members of a sentence, and also remember what punctuation marks are placed with homogeneous members of a sentence.

Homogeneous are such members of a sentence that answer the same question, are the same member of the sentence, refer to the same member of the sentence and are pronounced with the intonation of enumeration. As a rule, homogeneous members of a sentence are expressed by the same part of speech.

Consider the proposal:

Yellow, red, purple sparks of fireworks sparkled in the sky.

This proposal is complicated by homogeneous definitions: yellow, red, purple. Let's check it out.

By definition, homogeneous members of a sentence answer the same question. Let's find a word from which you can ask a question to the words yellow, red, purple: sparks (what?) Yellow, red, purple.

Before us are three words that are expressed by one part of speech - an adjective. The adjectives yellow, red, violet refer to the same word spark, answer the same question, are pronounced with enumeration intonation and are homogeneous definitions.

§ 2 Homogeneous members in a sentence

All members of the sentence can be homogeneous, both main (homogeneous subjects or homogeneous predicates) and secondary (homogeneous additions, homogeneous definitions or homogeneous circumstances).

For example:

We (what did we do?) walked, played and swam. These are homogeneous predicates related to the pronoun we.

Grow (what?) Trees, flowers, herbs. These are homogeneous subjects that grow with the verb.

I saw (whom?) Fish, stingrays, sharks. These are homogeneous additions, the question to which we ask from the verb saw.

Heroes (what?) Strong, brave and smart. These are homogeneous definitions related to the noun heroes.

They live (where?) in burrows and hollows. These are homogeneous circumstances associated with the verb live.

§ 3 Punctuation marks in sentences with homogeneous members

Homogeneous members are interconnected with the help of enumerative intonation or with the help of conjunctions. Consider the rules for punctuation with homogeneous terms.

A comma is placed between homogeneous members of a sentence if they are not connected by unions or are connected by unions A, BUT.

For example:

Cities, villages, settlements quickly flew past the train window.

Homogeneous subject cities, villages, settlements are interconnected by the intonation of enumeration (without a union) and are separated by commas in writing.

The sun is shining, but it does not warm.

In this sentence, it shines, it does not warm - homogeneous predicates, connected by the union but. Therefore, we put a comma before the union but.

Consider the following sentence:

He did not walk, but ran home.

I didn’t walk, I ran - homogeneous predicates. Put a comma before the conjunction a.

A comma is not placed between homogeneous members of a sentence if they are connected by a single union I.

For example:

During a storm, trees crack and break.

In the event that homogeneous members are connected by a repeating union AND, then a comma is placed before it.

For example:

And the earth, and the trees, and the sky - everything fell asleep in winter.

You should also remember the following rule:

If the union connects pairs of homogeneous members, then commas are placed between the pairs.

For example:

Trees and bushes, flowers and herbs turned green.

§ 4 Brief conclusions on the topic of the lesson

Summing up the lesson, remember that:

1. homogeneous members are pronounced in a sentence using enumeration intonation;

2. often homogeneous members of the sentence are located side by side, as if following each other;

3. commas are placed between homogeneous members, except when they are connected by a single union and.

List of used literature:

Arutyunova N. D. Syntax // Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ed. V. N. Yartseva. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1990.
Russian language. Textbook for the 4th grade in 2 parts / Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O.V. – M.: BALASS, 2012.
Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. - M.: LLC "ITI Technologies", 2003.
Russian language: To the secrets of our language: A textbook for grade 4 general education. institutions. In 2 parts / Soloveichik M.S., Kuzmenko N.S. - Smolensk: "Association XXI century", 2012.
Russian language: Reference materials: Textbook for students / M.T. Baranov, T.A. Kostyaeva, A.V. Prudnikov. – M.: Enlightenment, 1989.
Russian language lessons in grade 5: A book for the teacher: From work experience. – M.: Enlightenment, 1991.

Used images:

423. Read. Find and underline the main members of the sentences. Put questions to them.

How are the second and third sentences different from the first? And the second from the third?

What has changed in this proposal compared to the previous ones? What question arises?

The second and third sentences differ in that they have two predicates each.
The fourth sentence is different in that it has three subjects. The question arises: can there be two or even three predicates in a sentence and how can they be called?

424. Read. Find and underline the main terms in the sentences. Put questions to them.

Compare offers. What is the difference? What conclusion can you draw?

Specify in the explanatory dictionary the meaning of the adjective homogeneous. Why do you think these members of the sentence are called so?

In sentences 2,3,4 there are several predicates, they are separated by commas and connected by the union and. it can be concluded that a sentence can have several predicates with one subject or several subjects with one predicate. A sentence with several subjects or predicates is called a sentence with homogeneous members. In the explanatory dictionary, the word homogeneous is interpreted as follows: the same, referring to the same group (genus, category).

425. Read an excerpt from G. Sapgir's poem "Wonder Forests". What members of the sentence does the forest song consist of? Read it with enumeration intonation. Are there similar members in this passage? How should this sentence be read? Write a forest song.

The forest song consists of subjects. In this passage there are also homogeneous predicates: let's sit down, let's sing. When reading this poem, the intonation of enumeration is needed.

426. Read the text to yourself. What words should be read with enumeration intonation? Read aloud, observing the intonation of the enumeration.

Prove that ancient Russian names speak of the richness of the Russian language. Have you met these names? Where? Tell. What do you think, what surnames were formed from these names?

By the nature of the child: Besson, Molchan, Nesmeyana, Neulyba, Kindness, Smirnoy. According to the feelings that children evoked in their parents: Love, Lyubava, Milava, Nechay. These names are found in the surnames that came from them: Belyay - Belyaev, Molchan - Molchanov, Bulgak - Bulgakov, Smirnoy - Smirnov, Lyubim - Lyubimov, Nechay - Nechaev, Chernyay - Chernov, Nekrasa - Nekrasov.

427. Write down sentences. Find and label the principal terms. Are any of them the same? Show graphically which members of the sentence are homogeneous. Read sentences with homogeneous members. Don't forget about the intonation of the enumeration.

428. Write down the text. Find and underline the main terms in each sentence. Show graphically homogeneous members.

Underline familiar spellings, explain spelling.

Consider again the schemes of sentences with homogeneous members. What sign separates homogeneous members in a letter?

429. Read. Decide which scheme corresponds to each sentence. Write in the order of the diagrams.

At night, birches and firs doze in the fields to the tunes of a snowstorm.

A goby stands in the yard and chews its tongue.

The sun will come out again, look into the windows to us.

430. Write down sentences according to schemes.

Geese and swans nest on the lake.

Geese and swans swim, splash, dive.

In summer, robins and nightingales sing so wonderfully.

431. Write down the text. Put, where necessary, a comma between homogeneous terms. Show graphically homogeneous terms.

432. Compose and write down sentences according to schemes.

The Volga and Oka flow into the Caspian Sea.

White lilies and yellow water lilies bloomed in the pond.

The bright stars twinkled, shone, shone.

433. Compose and write down sentences in which there are: 1) two homogeneous subjects with one predicate; 2) three homogeneous subjects with one predicate; 3) two homogeneous predicates with one subject; 4) three homogeneous predicates with one subject. Put the correct punctuation marks. Spelling highlights.

434. Read the text. What is its main idea? List the punctuation marks you know. Which of them are placed only at the end of the sentence, and which - only inside the sentence?

The main idea of the text: punctuation marks, like intonation, allow you to more accurately understand the text, help to convey what cannot be conveyed only in words. Punctuation marks: period, question and exclamation marks, ellipsis. In the middle of a sentence, you can put a comma, a dash.

435. What can punctuation marks tell about the meaning and intonation of these sentences?

Make up and write sentences according to these diagrams. What are these sentences in terms of the purpose of the utterance and intonation?

436. Read. What questions do the underlined words answer? Which members of the proposal are they? Which members of the sentence are the highlighted words - main or secondary? What conclusion about the homogeneous members of the sentence can you draw?

Write the text, underline in the sentences of the grammatical basis. Graphically show the homogeneous members of the sentence.

437. Sleep. Underline the main terms. Graphically designate homogeneous members of the sentence. What are they - main or secondary? Explain why a comma is placed or not placed between homogeneous members.

What are these sentences in terms of the purpose of the utterance and intonation? Underline spellings in and between words. Explain spelling.

438. Read. What signs are at the end of a sentence? Which sentence should be read with enumeration intonation? Why? What signs should be put in this sentence?

Write the second and third stanzas. Open the brackets, fill in the missing letters.

Show graphically homogeneous terms.

Matryoshkas drag iodine,
Bandages, cotton bags.
And Vanka suddenly gets up
With a wicked smile.
- Believe me, I'm alive!
And I don't need a babysitter!
We do not fall for the first time -
That's why we are Vanka - Stand up!

439. Dictation with preparation. Read. Underline and explain the spelling. Underline the main parts of the sentences with a simple pencil. Show homogeneous members. Put commas where needed. Close your textbook. Write under dictation.

Punctuation marks in a simple compound sentence

Homogeneous members of the proposal:

Answering the same question
Depend on the same word
Pronounced with enumerative intonation

Homogeneous members of a sentence- these are members of the same name that are connected with each other by a coordinating link and perform the same syntactic function in the sentence, that is, they are united by the same relationship to the same member of the sentence. Homogeneous members can be connected by coordinating unions and are pronounced with “enumeration intonation”. In the absence of unions and when they are repeated, homogeneous members are also connected by connecting pauses.

Details in the video:

Remember!

First of all, homogeneous members of a sentence are NOT ALWAYS the same part of speech. The most important thing is that they answer the same question and depend on one word!

Secondly, ANY MEMBERS of the sentence can be homogeneous: the subject, the predicate, the definition, the object, and the circumstance.

Examples

Let us denote the homogeneous term by the sign ?.

Rule.

Homogeneous members of a sentence can be used

without alliances	with single unions	with repeated alliances	with double alliances
?,?,? Roses, lilies, daisies bloomed in the garden.	connecting unions, yes (= and), or Suddenly a storm came upAndfrequent hail. The garden is fragrant with autumn freshness, leaves And fruits. opposing unionsa, but, yes (= but), but, however Not an iron key opens the heart, Adobrota.	or or or either not that... not that 1) and?, and?, and? or?, or?, or? They seem to meTHENnoisy feasts,THENmilitary camp,THENcombat fights. You do not hear me ,ORyou do not understand ,ORjust ignore. Blizzards Andblizzard, coldAnddarkness did not prevent the polar explorers from landing on the ice floes.	not only but like...and if not...then not so much as though...but A comma is placed before the second part of the union! not only but? how? and so? These rules can be rememberedASsports masters,SO ANDnewcomers.

Trap #1!

A sentence can have several rows of homogeneous members, so distinguish between constructions with homogeneous members of the sentence connected by repeated unions, and constructions with several rows of homogeneous members, which are connected within a row by a single union.

Trees and herbs in summer and at the very beginning of autumn are juicy and fresh.

(This is a sentence with three rows of homogeneous members: two homogeneous subjects, two homogeneous predicates and two homogeneous circumstances)

No commas anywhere!

Thin rains were sown on the forests, and on the fields, and on the wide Dnieper.

This is one series of homogeneous members, so they depend on one verb "sowed", they answer one question - Where to? and are circumstances, so the comma is placed as with repeated unions.

Trap #2!

Phraseological turns(stable combinations of words, a comma is not put inside them):

Out of the blue
And day and night
Both old and young
And laughter and grief
And here and there
Neither back nor forward
Neither yes nor no
For nothing for nothing
Neither fish nor fowl
Neither light nor dawn
Neither hearing nor spirit

Action algorithm.

1) In each sentence, find homogeneous members of the sentence (see three signs of homogeneous members at the very beginning of the chapter).

2) Determine how many rows of homogeneous members are in the sentence. Consider each of the rows separately from each other.

3) Note what unions they are connected with: without union, single, repeated or double union.

4) Build a diagram and place commas.

Parsing the task.

Indicate the proposal in which you want to put one

1) On the sides of the path rose hips stood with high and steep walls and bloomed with a scarlet and damp fire.

2) Only the tops of the trees and the winding edge of the opposite bank were visible.

3) His hand and face and blue overalls were shiny with soot and engine oil.

4) In the atmosphere of secret societies, Pushkin's life passed both in St. Petersburg and later in the south.

Answer option number 1.

Read Trap #1 again.

We find homogeneous members of the sentence. There are three rows here: tall and steep(what?, depends on the word « walls » ),stood and blossomed(what have you been doing?), scarlet and wet(what?, depend on the word "fire"). Three rows of homogeneous members of the sentence, each of which is internally connected by a single union And, therefore no commas are required.

Answer option number 2.

The sentence has one row of homogeneous members: tops and edge(what?, depend on the word "were seen"). They are connected by a single union Yes in meaning and

Answer option number 3.

There are two rows of homogeneous members in the sentence. First of all, hand and face and overalls(what?, are subjects) that are connected by a repeating union and. We place commas after each homogeneous member of the sentence: His hand, and face, and blue overalls. Secondly, from soot and oil(from what ?, depend on "glossy"), they are connected by a single union and, so no comma is required.

Answer option number 4.

One row of homogeneous sentence members: both in St. Petersburg and in the south(where?, depending on the word "passed"). They are bound by a double alliance like... so, so we put a comma only before the second part of the union, that is: both in Petersburg and in the south.

Thus the correct answer is 4.

Practice.

1. Specify the offer in which you want to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) Official medicine opposes self-treatment and treatment with unverified means.

2) The northern regions turned out to be unequal both in terms of the number of inhabitants and in terms of economic development opportunities.

3) Sometimes medicinal plants completely lose their medicinal properties or retain them to a small extent.

4) Swans majestically floated along the river or circled over the water or rested at their house.

2. Specify the offer in which you want to put one comma. (No punctuation marks.)

1) On the same lilac bush, I saw yellow leaves and buds that began to swell.

2) Gusak talked to himself in a husky bass and picked up spilled seeds.

3) Our culture is strong not only and not so much by the leaders of the capital as by the inhabitants of the hinterland.

Communication type	Unions	Punctuation rules	Examples
	Connecting or separating single (and, or)	A comma is not placed between homogeneous members of a sentence.	Made a cucumber and tomato salad.
	Single adversaries (ah, but, yeah), concessive (although)	The union is preceded by a comma	He was late, but he came.
	Recurring ( this - that, and - and, or - or, neither - neither, yes - yes and etc.)	A comma is placed before the second and subsequent unions	It's snowing, it's raining.
Unionless		A comma is always placed between homogeneous members	He admired paintings and sculptures.

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3 sentence with homogeneous sentences. Homogeneous members of a sentence

What are homogeneous members of a sentence?

What members of a sentence can be homogeneous?

How to find homogeneous members of a sentence?

Punctuation with homogeneous members of a sentence

What have we learned?

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