Ivan Turgenev - Russian language (Poem in prose): Verse. In days of doubt, in days of painful reflection...

Theme-praise (anthem) of the Russian language
.The main thought (idea) -r.yaz - salvation for a desperate person and the people, its carrier is great.
The author's position is expressed very clearly and unambiguously. Language is salvation for him and Turgenev believes, "That such a language was given to a great people"
Turgenev has a whole cycle of Poems in prose. They are read easily and singsongly. They have a certain rhyme organization. If the poem is written line by line, then each line will have 8 or 9 (alternately) stressed syllables. This creates the effect of recitative (melodic pronunciation) Except moreover, in the work there is stylistic figures and artistic means
Free language is a language without fetters and prohibitions, in which there are words for all phenomena and concepts, and not even one word. This is an excellent metaphor.
Epithets: painful (thoughts) - We know that Turgenev wrote poems in prose while in France in the family of P. Viardot (as he himself said "basking on the edge of someone else's nest"). He wrote shortly before his death. Of course, he remembered his homeland. friends. And his thoughts were PAINFUL.
GREAT. POWERFUL, TRUE AND FREE Russian language - epithets speak for themselves. These are words that have become winged. This is a hymn to the native language ..
TO THE GREAT - to the people - Turgenev believed in the great destiny of the Russian people.
I think that this is a HYMN. justify another point of view.

In the days of doubt, in the days painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland - you are my only support and support, oh great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!

Analysis of the poem in prose "Russian language" by Turgenev

I. Turgenev was a truly Russian writer, deeply worried about the fate of his homeland. In his works, he boldly and truthfully expressed his sincere views and beliefs. Turgenev did not embellish Russian reality and did not hide its pressing problems. For too harsh statements, he was punished in the form of exile, and was subsequently forced to go abroad. But even far from the Motherland, he constantly turned to her in his work, shared her pain and despair. A striking example of Turgenev's patriotism is the prose poem "The Russian Language" (1882).

It is no coincidence that Turgenev chooses the Russian language as the theme of the work. Only being in a foreign land, he understands the importance and significance of this powerful element of national identity. The writer was cut off from the Russian environment, but thanks to the language he continued to feel his inextricable connection with it. After all, with the help of language, a person does not only pronounce words. It is much more important that people think in their own language, that is, they clothe thoughts in specific lexical units. For example, important condition full mastery of a foreign language is considered the moment when a person is able not only to speak, but also to think in it.

Turgenev claims that only the Russian language remained his only support and support abroad. The writer took all significant events in Russia very close to his heart. Some led him to despair, but he believed that the Russian language remained the main means of saving the long-suffering people.

"Great and mighty" is a phrase that is often used to mock the fate of Russia. But behind her pathos hides true pride in her language. The Russian language is one of the richest and most complex on the planet. Residents of Russia and border states, assimilating it from childhood, do not understand the significance of such an easy and accessible study. The Russian language has evolved over the centuries. It has amazing flexibility and variety of word formation. The amazing ability of our language - borrowing and rapid processing foreign words without harming yourself. Russian high society long time spoke exclusively in French. Foreign languages were studied by children first, to the detriment of their own. But this did not affect the Russian language in any way. The ability to self-preservation and self-purification helped the Russian language to remain pure and not undergo significant changes.

Turgenev was absolutely sure that, despite poverty and squalor, a great future awaited Russia. Language is a direct expression of the national spirit. The Russian language is a well-deserved highest gift to a great people.

- you are my only support and support, oh great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language!

Without you, how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home?

But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!

29. Using various verbal and non-verbal means of communication, demonstrate the ability to speak the language of the audience:

1) try to convince your peers to watch a new action movie;

2) give a campaign speech in favor of one of the prospective candidates for the position of mayor of the city in front of your fellow students;

3) hold a campaign conversation on the same topic, imagining that you have an audience of pensioners in front of you.

30. Study the "Compositional construction of speech" scheme. What is the purpose of each compositional part of the performance? What methods of attracting attention, in your opinion, are the most effective? How do you understand the requirement of maximum conciseness?

Compositional construction of speech
Parts of the speech	Techniques for attracting attention
1. Introduction. Tasks:- Arouse interest in the topic of the upcoming conversation. - Establish rapport with the audience. - Prepare the audience for the perception of the speech. - Justify the question. The main condition is maximum conciseness. 2. Main part. Tasks:– Consistently explain the put forward provisions. - Prove them correct. - Lead the audience to the necessary conclusions. 3. Conclusion. Tasks:- Summarize what has been said. - Increase interest in the subject of speech. - Emphasize the meaning of what was said. - Set tasks. - Call for immediate action (in a rally speech).	– Appeal; - a statement of the purpose of the speech, an overview of the main sections of the topic; - reception of empathy; - presentation of a paradoxical situation; – appeal to the interests of the audience; - acceptance of complicity; - appeal to events; – an appeal to geographical or weather conditions; - an appeal to the speech of the previous speaker; - Appeal to authorities or known sources; - appeal to the personality of the speaker; - a humorous remark; - questions to the audience.

31. Aphorisms are given. Make a speech about one of them: either confirmation or refutation of the thought affirmed in it. Describe a situation in which you could give such a speech. Describe in detail the audience and indicate the purpose of the speech. Illustrate your thesis: a) with an example from life; b) reference to authority; c) figurative argument.

1. He who sows the wind will reap the whirlwind (Bib.).

2. Mediocrity usually condemns everything that is beyond its understanding. (La Rochefoucauld).

3. Questions of truth are not decided by a majority vote. (Democritus).

4. A worthy person is not one who has no flaws, but one who has virtues (V.O. Klyuchevsky).

5. For most people, the punishment is the need to think. (G. Ford).

6. The whole value of society depends on what opportunities it provides for the development of individuality. (A. Einstein).

7. Communicating, people create each other (D.S. Likhachev).

8. In Hard times from business people more sense than the virtuous (F. Bacon).

9. The art of the word consists in knowing what should be said to a few and what can be said to all. (M.M. Prishvin).

10. Caesar's wife should be above suspicion (Julius Caesar).

32. Consider the proposed situations. What do you think, which of the speakers in each case will be able to achieve the goal, and which one will not? Why?

1. A grocery truck, driving up to the store, regularly hits the trees growing in the front garden and breaks them. Residents of the house are unhappy with this and intend to talk with the driver of the car.

A. Oh, shameless you, shame on you! We plant, grow, take care of, but it’s hard for you to go around a tree! You, drivers, would only destroy and break everything, but you can’t do anything yourself! If I notice again that you are breaking a tree, I will complain to your superiors!

B. Eh, guy, I look at you and think: you drive a car perfectly, you can see it at first sight. And for some reason you touch the branches of trees every time. Yes, I don’t blame you: look how low the branches hang, here you don’t want to, but you will touch. And you will go around, you will fly away from the road. But you scratched the whole car with these branches! So another person will look at you and think: “What an inexperienced driver, his car is all scratched. The kettle, not the driver! Maybe you'd better drive up to the store from the other side? There are no trees hanging over the road. And you yourself will take care of the car, and I will thank you: you will not break trees. And that there is a pothole there, so I will tell the kids, they will bury it today.

2. The boys regularly light fires in the park. Since there are many dry leaves around, fires often lead to fires, and many bushes and trees are destroyed.

B. Hey guys! Are you having a good time? What are you cooking for dinner? As a child, I also loved to make fires - and still love it. But, you know, it's dangerous in the park. I know you won't do any harm, but the other guys aren't as careful. They will come here, they will see that you are making fires, they will make fires themselves and will not extinguish them before leaving. The fire will spread through the dry leaves and burn the trees. If you're not careful, all the trees will die and you could be jailed for making fires. I don’t want to lecture and command you, but please, rake the leaves from the fire right now, cover them with earth, and pour them into the fire before leaving more land. Will you do it? And in next time, when you want to play, maybe you better build a fire on the sand behind the hill? It's completely safe there. Thanks guys. Have a good time.

(According to D. Carnegie)

33. Determine what impermissible methods are used against the interlocutors by the speakers in the following examples. Analyze the techniques by which the interlocutors manage to neutralize the effect of these sophisms.

– Do you believe in God?

“I confess, I believe and do not at all repent of such ignorant weakness,” was my answer.

And in the human soul? he asked with a restrained grin.

- Yes, and in the soul, and, surprisingly, even in the immortal spirit.

“So you think Huxley is a charlatan and a fool?”

- Why so? I asked my pince-nez.

- Huxley, - I said, - as a naturalist, physiologist and scientist, I not only recognize, but also bow before his knowledge, respecting in him one of the greatest authorities of our time, in everything related to the purely physical sciences, but as a philosopher I have about him very low opinion.

(H.P. Blavatsky).

II. Education, you say! Pigasov picked up. - Here's something else to surprise you! We really need it, this vaunted education! I won't give a copper penny for your education!

“I won’t defend education,” Rudin continued, “it doesn’t need my protection. You don't like her... everyone has their own taste. And that would take us too far. Let me just remind you of the old saying: "Jupiter, you are angry; therefore, you are to blame." I wanted to say that all these attacks on systems, general reasoning, etc. therefore, it is especially distressing that, along with systems, people generally deny knowledge, science and faith in it, and therefore also faith in themselves, in their own strength. And people need this faith: they cannot live by impressions alone, it is a sin for them to be afraid of thought and not trust it. Skepticism has always been characterized by sterility and impotence.

- These are all words! muttered Pigasov.

- May be. But let me tell you that by saying, "These are all words!" - we ourselves often want to get rid of the need to say something more meaningful than words alone.

- What? Pigasov asked and screwed up his eyes.

“You understood what I wanted to tell you,” Rudin objected. - I repeat, if a person does not have a strong beginning in which he believes, there is no ground on which he stands firmly, how can he give himself an account of the needs, the meaning, the future of his people?

(I.S. Turgenev. "Rudin")

In June 1882, Turgenev's cycle "Poems in Prose" was published, which included the poem "Russian Language", which is usually hung on walls in classrooms our schools. And not in vain - in this poem the author expresses his love for the Motherland, and here it is not far from patriotism :) Here is this poem:

In days of doubt, in days of painful reflections on the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and support, O great, powerful, truthful and free Russian language! Without you - how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!

This is exactly what Turgenev writes about his native language in June 1882. This poem is included in his cycle of "Poems in Prose", most of which touches on the socio-political problems of the country, is devoted to reflections on the fate of the Russian people, about their past, present and future, about eternal value human relations, about happiness.

"Poems in Prose"

The cycle "Poems in Prose" includes such poems as Dog, Fool, Two quatrains, Sparrow, Rose, Alms, Azure Kingdom, Two rich men, In memory of Yu. P. Vrevskaya, Last date, Threshold, Shchi, Enemy and friend, " How beautiful, how fresh the roses were…”, We will fight again! and Russian language. You can get acquainted with the work here at this link.

These poems are written in the first person, with their help Turgenev conveys his thoughts, feelings and experiences to readers. Although this is blank verse, i.e. not divided by rhyme into stanzas, here the rhythm is very expressive, subordinate to the author's intonation. The language of these poems is somewhat reminiscent of the language of a lyrical letter to a close friend.

This cycle partly continues the Hunter's Notes, in the center of which is also Turgenev's reverent attitude to his homeland, to ordinary Russian people, to Russian nature and culture. This topic has always been his favorite.

Expression of love for the motherland in the poem "Russian language"

The miniature of the Russian language should be singled out separately, since here Turgenev writes about such an important part of Russian culture and the Russian soul as language. He calls on contemporaries and descendants to protect their native language, since it is with its help that in the future it will be possible to create new great literary works.

He connects the fate of the people with the fate of the language. It must be remembered that in the year of the creation of this poem, Turgenev lives abroad, therefore, language is one of the few that connected him with his homeland. It is because of separation from his homeland that the Russian language is so valuable to him.

Turgenev did a lot for translations, so that foreigners could read Russian literature. However, the main thing for him remains in Russia. He believes in the spiritual strength of his people, he believes that with the help of faith in the language, Russian people will be able to overcome any difficulties.

In days of doubt, in days of painful reflection
From the prose poem “The Russian Language” (1882) by I. S. Turgenev (1818-1883): “In the days of doubt, in the days of painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland, you are my only support and support, O great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language!.. Without you, how not to fall into despair at the sight of everything that happens at home. But it is impossible to believe that such a language was not given to a great people!”
Usually the beginning of this phrase is quoted when describing a difficult, crisis moment in someone's life.
In its full form, this phrase is quoted as a reminder of the richness and independent value of the Russian language.

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