Icon of the Mother of God of Peter. Peter's Icon of the Mother of God: ancient history

New article: prayer to the Mother of God of Peter on the site site - in all details and details from the many sources that we managed to find.

icon of the Mother of God "PETROVSKAYA"

This image of the Mother of God was painted by the Holy Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia Peter, when he was still Abbot of the Ratsky Monastery. One day the head of the Russian Church, Metropolitan Maxim of Vladimir, visited the monastery. Accepting the hierarch's blessing, hegumen Peter presented him with a gift of two icons painted by his own hand: "The Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos" and an icon, which later became known as Peter's.

When Metropolitan Maxim died, the Vladimir See remained unoccupied for some time. Grand Duke Vladimirsky decided to send his associate and like-minded hegumen Gerontius to the Patriarch of Constantinople with a request to appoint him to the Russian Metropolis. He, taking with him the hierarch's baton and the Peter's icon of the Mother of God, went to Tsargrad. However, the candidacy of Gerontius caused discontent among many Russian people. Among the dissatisfied was Prince Yuri of Galicia, who sent hegumen Peter to Constantinople. By Divine Providence, hegumen Peter arrived in Constantinople earlier than Gerontius and was consecrated by the Patriarch of Constantinople to the Metropolitan of All Russia.

And at this time, the Mother of God appeared to Gerontius, who was sailing on the sea, at night during a storm and said: “You work in vain, you will not get the dignity of a saint. The one who wrote Me, Hegumen Peter of Rat, will be elevated to the throne of the Russian Metropolis. Upon arrival in Constantinople, Gerontius, against his will, told the patriarch about the night vision. The patriarch took away the holy staff and the Peter's icon from the failed candidate for the Russian church throne and handed everything over to the legitimate Russian metropolitan. So the Petrovsky icon returned to the one who once painted it.

In 1325, when the Russian Metropolis was transferred from Vladimir to Moscow, Metropolitan Peter also transferred the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God to Moscow. This icon is associated with many important historical events. So Patriarch Job took her with him along with the Vladimir and Don icons when he went to Boris Godunov to persuade him to accept the kingdom. And in 1613 the Petrovsky icon Holy Mother of God took with them a delegation that went to Kostroma to call on the kingdom of the boyar Mikhail Romanov.

Many experts believe that the Kremlin, which is now in the Assumption Cathedral, is the very image that was painted by St. Peter. Although there are suggestions that the original disappeared before the revolution.

Peter's Icon of the Mother of God: ancient history

The icon, which will be discussed further, is very famous, its authorship is attributed to the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia Peter, who lived in the XIII century. This was the first metropolitan who had permanent place stay since 1325 was Moscow. The Peter's Icon of the Mother of God - this is how it is called and revered as miraculous. The celebration in honor of her takes place on September 6 according to the new calendar, on this day the Church remembers the transfer of the incorruptible relics of St. Peter to the newly rebuilt Assumption Church (1479).

Saint Peter Ratensky (or Ratsky)

He was born in Volyn in the pious family of Theodore. Even before the birth of his son, his mother, Eupraxia, had a vision of the Lord, in which it was revealed that her child would serve for the Glory of God.

At the age of 12, young Peter entered the Volyn Spaso-Preobrazhensky Monastery, where he devoted almost all his time to the study of Holy Scripture and icon painting. He distributed his icons to the monastic brethren and to Christians who visited their monastery. One of these is the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God, dated 1327, according to the life of the saint. This icon and the icon of the Assumption of the Most Holy Theotokos, Saint Peter, accepting the blessing of the saint, presented it as a gift to the Metropolitan of All Russia Maxim, who visited their holy monastery. He sent the Petrovsky icon to Vladimir, where the chair of the Kiev metropolitans was then located, and before the icon of the Assumption he prayed all his life.

Miraculous image. Peter's Icon of the Mother of God: photo

In 1305, after Metropolitan Maxim reposed in the Lord, the Vladimir cathedra was free for three years of troubled times, then a dispute arose over the place of the primate. Prince Yuri of Galicia sent Peter to Constantinople, and Mikhail Yaroslavovich of Tverskoy and Vladimir sent his ascetic, hegumen Gerontius. Setting off on the road to Constantinople, Gerontius took with him the Peter's icon and the hierarch's baton. As he was sailing on the sea, he had a vision. The Mother of God herself told him that he was working in vain, because he would not get the rank of saint, he would belong to the one who wrote Her image - the servant of Her Son - Abbot Peter of Rat, who will occupy the throne of the Russian Metropolis, he will godly live to old age and with joy will go to the Lord of all.

In Constantinople, Gerontius involuntarily told the Patriarch Athanasius of Constantinople about his vision, and he, taking the rod and icon from him, handed them over to Peter and blessed him to become the Metropolitan of All Russia. So the Petrovsky Icon of the Mother of God returned to its creator and left for Vladimir. And when in 1325 the Russian Metropolis was transferred from Vladimir to Moscow, Metropolitan Peter also transferred his icon there and placed it in the Dormition Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin.

In general, many interesting historical events are associated with this icon. For example, Patriarch Job, when he went to Boris Godunov to accept the kingdom, took with him three icons - Peter, Vladimir and Don.

And in 1613, a highly venerated delegation with the Ryazan Archimandrite Theodoret, who went to Kostroma to call on Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov to reign and put an end to the turmoil, took the Petrov Icon with them.

In the church annals of the 15th century, the Peter's icon was mentioned in stories about the salvation of Moscow from the conquerors and was called "life-giving" and, most likely, stood at the tomb of St. Peter. She was especially revered by the Moscow primates, she was brought to worship at their tombs or at religious processions.

Dormition Cathedral of the Kremlin

Today, the Petrovsky Icon of the Mother of God is located in the Assumption Cathedral, the bulk of icon painting specialists claim that this is the same icon that St. Peter painted, although there are allegations that its original disappeared even before the revolution.

In the period of the 19th - 20th centuries, this ancient icon really disappeared from the cathedral, but the icon-spinner remained, the size of which was 30.5 by 24.5 cm. Its origin was unknown, but it dates back to the end of the 14th - beginning of the 15th century and was located in the wall iconostasis in the Assumption Cathedral. Most likely, she is that revered ancient image, as evidenced by her exact list, made in 1614 by Nazariy Savin. In any case, it exactly repeats it and is inscribed as "Petrovskaya".

Peter's Icon of the Mother of God: what they pray for

The Petrovsky icon has become one of the most revered shrines in Russia and a symbol of the beginning of the formation of Moscow. Thanks to her, many miraculous events and healings were received for Orthodox Christians. She became powerful symbol protection of Russia from various evils.

Before this image, people pray for happiness in marriage, for children in case of childlessness and for help in difficult births and various diseases. In such cases, the Akathist to the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God is usually read.

This icon belongs to the most beloved type of the Mother of God for the Russian people, and the closest iconographic analogy of this image is the Vladimir icon.

Iconography

In the Petrovsky icon, the Mother of God and the Child are depicted bust. Its characteristic features are that the Mother of God hugs the baby with her left hand, and with her right hand points to Him, in which lies the whole True Path and Life. The right hand of the Mother of God has another meaning - the maternal caress of her Son. The hands of Christ the Savior respond to maternal love and affection. He clings to the Mother, holds a scroll in his left hand, and the right hand blessing Him rests on the breast of the Virgin. This conveys the warmth of expression mutual love Virgin and Child.

Prayer to the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God begins with the words: "Oh, all-merciful Lady Theotokos, Heavenly Queen, our shameless Hope ...".

Peter's Icon of the Mother of God

Icon of the Mother of God of Petrovskaya

The Petrovsky icon of the Most Holy Theotokos is so called because it was painted by St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow (+ December 21, 1326) when he was still Abbot of the Ratsky Monastery in Volhynia. During a visit to the Ratskaya monastery by Saint Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia (+ December 6, 1306), Saint Peter presented him with this icon as a gift. The metropolitan transferred it to Vladimir on the Klyazma, where his cathedra was then located. After the death of Saint Maximus, hegumen Gerontius, who decided to seize the metropolitan throne, went with this icon to Patriarch Athanasius of Constantinople (1303-1311). During the voyage of Abbot Gerontius, a terrible storm arose. At night, the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to him and said: “The ordination of the hierarch will not be conferred on you, but on the one who painted My image.” When he appeared before Patriarch Athanasius with the icon, Saint Peter was already in Constantinople. The Patriarch handed over the icon to St. Peter with the words: “Receive the holy Mother of God image, which you wrote with your own hands, for for this reason the Lady Herself rewarded you with a gift, predicting about you.” Saint Peter transferred the icon to Vladimir, and in 1325, when the metropolitan see was transferred to Moscow, the icon was placed as a great shrine in the Moscow Assumption Cathedral.

Peter's Icon of the Mother of God

Each image of the Mother of God is a subject of special reverent veneration among the Orthodox people. The Peter's Icon of the Mother of God is no exception. Since ancient times, she was revered as miraculous, and even powerful rulers resorted to her help.

The Petrine Icon of the Mother of God became famous due to its author, Metropolitan Peter of Kiev and All Russia. He lived in the 13th century. The holy image of the Mother of God is miraculous and revered by all Orthodox people. At the image of the Blessed Virgin, prayers are offered for intercession and a change in life for the better.

History of the icon

They named the shrine in honor of the name of its creator - Peter. Metropolitan Peter was still in the rank of hegumen when he painted this icon. He presented the shrine to Metropolitan Maxim, who took it to Vladimir, painted it with gold and decorated it. precious stones. Metropolitan Maximus kept the icon in his chambers and daily indulged in prayers before it.

The Peter's Icon of the Mother of God performed many miracles. It was kept with them during the campaigns of the kings. For example, Patriarch Job took the shrine when he blessed Boris Godunov for the reign. The icon was present at religious processions and stood at the tomb of St. Peter the Rus. In the annals, the icon is described as “reviving”. She saved Moscow many times from the attacks of enemies. Soon the miraculous properties of the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God were known all over the world. Christians from all over the world began to pray in front of the shrine, and for the Orthodox people, the shrine has become one of the most revered and widespread icons of the Mother of God.

Where is the miraculous image

The Petrovsky icon of the Mother of God can be found in many churches in Russia. The most revered and famous for their miracles are kept in Kaluga and a monastery in the city of Kirillov in the Kirillovsky Monastery.

Description of the icon

The style of icon painting refers to one of the favorite types of writing of the Virgin icons, the name of which is "Tenderness". Another well-known icon, the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God, is attributed to the authorship of Metropolitan Peter, which is confirmed by a noticeable similarity in writing.

Before the gaze of those praying, the Mother of God appears majestically. She is depicted to the waist. The Holy Child is written on Her hands. Virgin Mary with the Divine Infant are painted in mirror image, which makes the shrine unique and distinguishes it from Vladimirskaya. On the Peter icon, the Mother of God embraces the Savior with her left hand, and with the other hand points to him, showing that He is the true Savior.

What helps the Petrovsky image

The Peter's Icon of the Mother of God is a symbol of rebirth. She healed and helped many Orthodox people. The image of the Mother of God has repeatedly saved the cities of Russia from enemies. In front of the shrine, Christians ask the Happy Mother of God family life without quarrels and troubles. Women, whose grief is infertility, pray before the icon for the imminent birth of children. The miraculous image heals many diseases and helps women cope with difficult childbirth.

Date of celebration

Prayer before the miraculous icon

“Oh, Great Virgin, Queen of Heaven, Guardian of all Christians! We pray to You and remember all Your pious deeds on the sinful earth! Hear us, Virgin Mary! Become the intercessor of our land, our home, our country! Save us from the attacks of enemies, flood, fire, war and famine! Heal from diseases and forgive us our sins! We are on our knees before You, Holy Virgin! Be the intercessor of our children, do not let them offend. Strengthen our spirit and our faith! Deliver us from the temptations of the world. Be with us in moments of grief and fear. We praise and praise You, Virgin Mary! In the Name of the Father, and the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Forever and ever. Amen".

Every home should have a place for the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God. After all, this shrine is a true and powerful intercessor family happiness, well-being and prosperity. Do not hesitate to turn to the help of the Mother of God in difficult times. She listens to everyone and helps. The main thing is that your requests are sincere and do not run counter to the commandments of the Lord. We wish you strong faith and peace of mind. take care of yourself and don't forget to press the buttons and

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Prayer to the Mother of God of Peter

Peter's Icon of the Mother of God

The name of the image of the Petrine Mother of God comes from the name of its creator, the icon painter Metropolitan Peter of Moscow. The icon was painted by the saint at the time when he was hegumen in Volhynia. Saint Peter presented it as a gift to Metropolitan Maxim, and the latter brought it to Vladimir, decorated it with gold and precious stones, and reverently kept it in his cell until the end of his life, praying before him for the observance of the flock entrusted to him.

After the death of Metropolitan Maxim, a certain hegumen Gerontius, who wished to accept the rank of metropolitan, took the hierarch's utensils, the pastor's baton and the Peter's icon of the Mother of God and went to Constantinople to receive the dignity. Many Russian people, among whom was Prince Yuri Galitsky, having learned about the intention of Father Superior Gerontius, expressed their dissatisfaction. Prince Yuri begged Abbot Peter to go to Constantinople, to prevent the consecration of Gerontius, and to take the hierarchship himself. Saint Peter, in obedience to the wish of the prince, went to Constantinople and arrived there before Gerontius. The Greek Patriarch Athanasius gladly accepted him and consecrated him to the rank of Metropolitan of All Russia.

Meanwhile, according to God's arrangement, the voyage of Abbot Gerontius was unsuccessful. A strong storm arose, and contrary winds, raising high waves, delayed the movement of the ship. On a stormy night, the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to Abbot Gerontius in the form in which She is depicted on the icon of St. Petra, and sternly said to him: “In vain do you labor on such a long journey. Know that you will not be entrusted with the hierarchical dignity that you wanted to exalt. But the one who painted My image, Peter, hegumen of the rat, the servant of My Son and God, he will be elevated to the supreme throne of the Russian metropolis, and decorate it and save his people, for whom My Son and Lord Jesus shed His Blood; and having lived so charitably, in a good old age he will gladly go to the Lord of all.

Waking up in horror from a dream, hegumen Gerontius told those who were with him on the ship about his vision and added that their labor was in vain, for they would not get what they wanted.

The ship, on which hegumen Gerontius was sailing, only with great difficulty reached the pier in Constantinople. Appearing to Patriarch Athanasius, Gerontius, against his will, was forced to tell about his dream vision. The Patriarch took from him the hierarchical robes and staff, as well as the icon of the Mother of God painted by Metropolitan Peter, and, handing it all over to the legitimate saint, said: “Receive the holy Mother of God image, which you wrote with your own hands, for for this reason the Lady Herself gave you a gift, predicting about you".

In 1325, the Russian Metropolis moved from the city of Vladimir to Moscow. At this time, Metropolitan Peter transferred the icon of the Mother of God painted by him and placed it in the Moscow Cathedral of the Dormition, where it had always been above the altar before the revolution. Only during the big religious processions was the holy image taken out along with another great Moscow shrine - the Vladimir Icon of the Mother of God.

The Petrovsky icon has always been a subject of especially reverent veneration among the Russian people and has been revered as miraculous since ancient times. Grand Duke Ivan Vasilyevich III prayed before her. At the end of the 16th century, Patriarch Job took with him the Vladimir, Don and Peter's icons to exhort Boris Godunov to accept the kingdom. Finally, with the Petrovsky image of the Mother of God after the period of interregnum, in 1613, the Ryazan archimandrite Theodorit went to Kostroma to Mikhail Feodorovich Romanov to call him to the kingdom.

On the turn of XIX- XX centuries, the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God disappears from the cathedral. It contains a small spinner icon of unknown origin, which dates back to the 14th - early 15th century. There is an assumption that she is in fact an ancient revered image of the Petrovsky Mother of God. This opinion is confirmed by the exact list made from the icon by Nazariy Savin in 1614, which not only repeats it to the smallest detail, but also contains the inscription "Petrovskaya".

The celebration of the miraculous image of the Peter's Mother of God takes place on August 24 / September 6, on the same day as the remembrance of the transfer of the honest relics of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, to the newly created Church of the Assumption (1479).

The icon of the Mother of God "Petrovskaya" refers to one of the most beloved by the Russian people types of the Mother of God icons, called "Tenderness". A close iconographic analogy to an image is an icon. Our Lady of Vladimir. It is known that Metropolitan Peter was the author of another well-known icon - the Mother of God of Vladimir, located in the Assumption Cathedral in the city of Vladimir.

In contrast to the glorified image, the figures of the Virgin and the Infant Christ on the Petrovsky icon are presented bust, and the image itself is given a mirror image.

There is characteristics and in the gestures of the hands of the Mother of God and the Savior. Rare in the iconography of the Mother of God is the image of the Mother's embrace of the Son. On the Petrovsky icon, the Mother of God is exactly hugging the Infant, clasping His shoulders with her left hand, and pointing to Him with her right hand as the “True Path and Life”. At the same time, the right hand of the Mother of God is written on the chest of the Savior, which conveys another meaning of this gesture - the maternal caress of the Infant. On the red background image of the Petrovsky Mother of God of the 14th century, the Novgorod school, a gesture right hand The Mother of God is even more characteristic - She wraps her arms around the neck of the Son.

The hands of the Savior, in turn, respond to maternal affection. The Infant Himself, as in the icon of Vladimir, presses His face against the face of the Mother of God. His left hand holds a scroll, and the right one is folded in a gesture of a priestly nominal blessing, quite rare for ancient images. The right blessing hand of the Christ Child rests on the breast of the Mother. On a revered image of the XVI century. from the city of Kirillov, amazing in the warmth of the expression of the faces of the Virgin and the Child and the transmission of their mutual love, the Savior, like a child, presses his blessing hand to the very face of the Mother of God.

From the Petrovsky Icon of the Mother of God the city of Kaluga a list is kept, famous for miracles.

Honored list of the XVI century. is currently in Kirillo-Belozersky Museum-Reserve in the city of Kirillov.

O All-Merciful Lady Theotokos, Heavenly Queen, Omnipotent Intercessor, our shameless Hope! Thanks to Thee for all the great blessings, in the generations of the Russian people from You who were, before Your most pure image, we pray to Thee: save this city (this whole, this holy monastery) and your coming servants and all the Russian land from gladness, destruction, land of shaking, flood, fire, sword, invasion of foreigners and internecine warfare. Save and save, Madam, the Great Lord and Father of our Cyril, His Holiness Patriarch Moscow and all Russia, and our Lord (name of the rivers), His Grace Bishop (Archbishop, Metropolitan) (title), and all His Grace metropolitans, archbishops and bishops of the Orthodox. Give them good governance of the Russian Church, keep the faithful sheep of Christ indestructible. Remember, Lady, and the entire priestly and monastic rank, warm their hearts with zeal for Bose and, worthy of your title, strengthen each and every one. Save, Lady, and have mercy on all Your servants and grant us the path of the earthly field without blemish. Confirm us in the faith of Christ and in zeal for the Orthodox Church, put into our hearts the spirit of the fear of God, the spirit of piety, the spirit of humility, give us patience in adversity, abstinence in prosperity, love for our neighbors, forgiveness for the enemy, prosperity in good deeds. Deliver us from every temptation and from petrified insensibility, on the terrible day of Judgment, vouchsafe us with Your intercession to stand at the right hand of Your Son, Christ our God. He deserves all glory, honor and worship with the Father and the Holy Spirit, now and forever, and forever and ever. Amen.

Icon of the Mother of God of Petrovskaya

The Petrovskaya Icon of the Mother of God received its name from the name of its creator, Saint Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow. The icon-painter saint painted the image at a time when he was still hegumen of the Ratsky Monastery in Volhynia. Saint Peter presented the icon as a gift to Saint Maximus, Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia during his visit to the Ratsky Monastery. Metropolitan Maxim brought the image to Vladimir, decorated it with expensive stones and gold, and reverently kept it in his cell until the end of his life.

After the death of Metropolitan Maxim, hegumen Gerontius decided to seize the metropolitan throne, accept the rank of metropolitan, took away the hierarch's utensils, the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God, the pastor's baton and went to Constantinople to receive the dignity. Many people and Prince Yuri Galitsky were dissatisfied with the intention of hegumen Gerontius to become a metropolitan. Prince Galitsky begged Abbot Peter to go to Constantinople and himself take the hierarchal rank. In obedience to the desire of the prince, Peter went to Constantinople and arrived there before Gerontius. Patriarch Athanasius received Saint Peter with joy and consecrated him to the rank of Metropolitan of All Russia.

But the voyage of Abbot Gerontius was unsuccessful. A strong storm arose, the headwind raised high waves that impeded the progress of the ship. At night, the Most Holy Theotokos appeared to Abbot Gerontius in exactly the same form in which she is depicted on the image of St. Peter and ordered him: “The ordination of the hierarch will not be conferred on you, but on the one who wrote My image. Peter, abbot of the rat, servant of my Son and God, he will be elevated to the supreme throne of the Russian metropolis, and will adorn it and save his people, for whom My Son and Lord Jesus shed His Blood.

Waking up in horror from a dream, hegumen Gerontius spoke about his vision and that they would not get what they wanted. Only with great difficulty did the ship arrive at the Constantinople pier. Gerontius appeared to Patriarch Athanasius and told him about his vision. Having taken from him the staff, the hierarch’s robes, the icon of Our Lady of Peter, the patriarch handed them over to the legitimate saint with the words: “Receive the holy Mother of God image, which you wrote with your own hands, for for this reason the Lady Herself gave you a gift, predicting about you.”

Saint Peter transferred the holy image to Vladimir, and when the Russian Metropolia moved from Vladimir to Moscow in 1325, the icon of the Mother of God was placed in the Moscow Cathedral of the Dormition, and before the revolution it remained above the altar. Only during the big religious processions, the Petrovsky icon of the Mother of God, together with the Vladimir icon of the Mother of God, was taken out of the temple.

The Russian people have always reverently revered the Petrovsky icon. She has been revered as miraculous since antiquity. The celebration of the miraculous icon of Our Lady of Petrovskaya takes place on August 24 / September 6, on the same day as the remembrance of the transfer of the honest relics of St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia, to the newly created Church of the Assumption (1479).

In Kaluga, a copy of the Peter's Icon of the Mother of God is kept, which became famous for miracles. In the city of Kirillov, in the Kirillo-Belozersky Museum-Reserve, there is a list honored from the 16th century.

In the official blog of the scientific team of the Central Museum of Ancient Russian Culture and Art named after St. Andrei Rublev has more than once been bitterly stated one or another factual errors Patriarch Kirill, which cause more and more bewilderment. It would seem that with such a monstrously bloated bureaucratic apparatus, which the current primate of the Russian Orthodox Church has recently established for himself (one OCAD (general church postgraduate and doctoral studies) is characterized in the scientific community as “complete crap”!), His Holiness’s public speeches should be, as they say, "without a hitch" :-)

But no, then in Kyiv on July 27, 2011 some strange reservation , then in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin on July 16, 2011, he allowed himself to stipulate the royal person:

What is there to say about himpersonal memories , where Patriarch Kirill then calls himself " with Baptist preacher Martin Luther King?! That tells at a government meeting some unthinkable stories about Athos, where " velvet vestments of pure gold brocade (?! - ed. ), arshin of fabric which cost 25 rubles gold. That there is every centimeter is a ruble gold"?!

Once again, such a pseudo-historical flash mob for abundant injections from the federal budget is becoming more and more anti-scientific, spreading wholesale historical illiteracy among the poor citizens of Russia with the silent connivance of "academic circles" close to the Moscow Patriarchate. First, the fake "gifts of the Magi", then the fake "700th anniversary of the birth of St. Sergius of Radonezh” and now the mythical “700th anniversary of the beginning of hierarchal labors in Moscow by Metropolitan Peter of Kiev and All Russia”?! And it does not matter that there is not a word about any of the above events and artifacts in historical documents, Patriarch Kirill consistently builds his own historiosophy)))

Metropolitan Peter with life.
Dionysius and his workshop.
1480s.
197 x 151.

According to His Holiness on September 6, 2013, “St. Peter agrees and moves to Moscow, and here approves the all-Russian department, the department of all Russia… And what did the transfer of the Metropolitan of All Russia from one city to another mean then? This meant that the Grand Duke could not be in any other place than where the chair of the First Hierarchs was. The Grand Dukes move to the city of Moscow, and this small town begins to develop, gain strength, and becomes the capital of all Russia with the Mother See”: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/3212065.html

For reference: in fact, professional historians are well aware that everything is just the opposite - as soon as the Moscow princes, starting with St. blgv. led. book. Dmitry Donskoy, are transferred to the hereditary possession of the great princedom of Vladimir on the rights of a fiefdom, such an innovation becomes the only legitimate justification for the stay in Moscow of the head of the Russian Church. Just as it used to be with Kiev, now the possession of capital Vladimir gives the right to a great reign, and the epithet "All Russia" is fixed in the titles of Vladimir princes. Soon the Moscow princes will completely restore all Kiev traditions, and from a certain time the prince and the metropolitan will be together in the same city of Moscow, which has become the administrative and church capital.

In his address on September 6, 2015, Patriarch Kirill proposed to honor “the 700th anniversary of the beginning of the labors in Moscow of St. Peter of Kiev and All Russia, who became the first bishop of our city and his first saint. Accepted by him decision to transfer the See of the Primate of the Russian Church to Moscow prompted Prince John Kalita to begin, with the blessing of the saint, the construction of the Assumption Cathedral in the Kremlin. Starting from it for all subsequent Primates of the Russian Church, it was Moscow that was the cathedral city»: http://www.patriarchia.ru/db/text/4205648.html

For reference: in fact, under the Kiev Metropolitan Cyril II (1242 / 1243-1281), Vladimir on the Klyazma for the first time becomes a metropolitan residence as a temporary residence. In 1299, the Kiev Metropolis (kathisma) was temporarily transferred after Tatar-Mongol invasion Metropolitan Maxim in Vladimir. The basis for such a transfer of the Kiev seat of the metropolitans was the precedent with the transfer of the Patriarchate of Constantinople to Nicaea after the conquest of Constantinople in 1208. Just as the Byzantine patriarchs, once in Nicaea, continued to be titled "Constantinople", so the metropolitans in Vladimir, and then in Moscow, retained the title of "Kiev “Immediately after moving to Vladimir on the Klyazma in 1299, Metropolitan Maxim transferred the Bishop of Vladimir Simeon to the vacant Rostov see, and until the middle of the 18th century. no more bishops were placed in Vladimir, with the exception of the consecration of Alexis in 1352.

Nevertheless, Kyiv continued to be the main residence of the metropolitans of All Russia and retain its significance as the capital city! In this context, it is very significant that Metropolitan Peter, after his installation in Constantinople as the All-Russian Metropolitan, first came to Kyiv and only then to Vladimir: “ Archbishop Peter, Metropolitan of All Russia, was appointed, and he came from Constantinople and sede in Kyiv » in 1308, and on next year « Metropolitan Peter came from Kyiv to the Suzhdal land"(PSRL XVIII. Stb. 87).

In the same way, Metropolitan Theognost, having been placed in 1328 at the chair of All Russia, does not come to Moscow at all, but first to Kyiv to his “first seat”, then to Vladimir, “the second seat”: “ come to the great table, to the metropolis of Kyiv and all of Russia... I also came to Volodimer"(PSRL X. Stb. 195). The burial in 1326 of the Kiev Metropolitan Peter in the Moscow Assumption Cathedral, where he himself " make your own coffin» ( see photo), and success with his early canonization in 1339 (see the letter of the Patriarch of Constantinople John XIV Kaliki to Metropolitan Theognost about the discovery of the relics of Metropolitan Peter and his glorification) allowed Moscow to claim the title of another (third in importance!) residence of the metropolitans of All Russia.

Metropolitan Peter with life.
Dionysius and his workshop.
1480s.
197 x 151.
Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Inv. 3228 sob/w-258.
Bookmark Peter the Assumption Cathedral in Moscow in 1326 and his own tomb near the altar.

Only after the transfer of the metropolitan kathisma from Kyiv to Vladimir did the metropolitans of All Russia begin to use the epithet " Kievsky", which appears in 1347 due to the accession of the Galician Metropolis! Moreover, such cardinal changes are initially recorded exclusively in the documents of the Patriarchal Chancellery of Constantinople, and the same Metropolitan Alexy was still titled as "Metropolitan of All Russia." For the first time, the transfer of the kathisma of the Metropolitans of All Russia from Kyiv to Vladimir, and not to Moscow, as Patriarch Kirill mistakenly claims, was officially regulated by the Patriarchate of Constantinople only in 1354 g. a special synodal definition, in which “ Holy Episcopacy of Vladimir» recognized « the second seat and place of permanent residence and rest of the metropolitans", while the capital city of Kyiv is called" own throne and the first seat of the bishops » (Miklošich F., Müller I. Acta et diplomata graeca medii aevi sacra et profana. Vol. I. Vindobonnae, 1860. No. 158. S. 352-353).

After the third most important residence of the Metropolitan of All Russia appeared in Moscow, the entire Metropolitan Cathedral of Presbyters (kliros of the Kiev Metropolis) did not change its location and remained in Vladimir! So, in the Life of St. Peter, written in Moscow in 1327, it is reported that when, after the death of St. Peter from his coffin began to be healed, the Moscow prince Ivan Kalita " writing those miracles, and sending to the city of Volodimer for the holy gathering ", after which the Rostov Bishop. St. Prokhor " start of honor miracles' during service, and ' so God enlighten the land of the Creator, and the city that calls Moscow, and the faithful Prince Ivan". In 1379, when Mikhail-Mityai went to Constantinople to be appointed, he was accompanied by " kryloshane Volodimerskaya"(PSRL XI. S. 39). Even the accession to the Grand Duke's throne before Vasily II (1432) took place not in Moscow, but in Vladimir: “ Volodimer, hedgehog is the table of the Russian land and the city of the most pure Mother of God, in it the princes of the great Rustia are first seated and the table of the Russian land is accepted"(PSRL XV / I. Stb. 181).

Thus, it was not Moscow at all, but Kyiv that remained the capital city of the cathedral until the division of the entire metropolis in 1459-1460, while Vladimir officially retained his primacy of the cathedral city over Moscow until the establishment of the Moscow patriarchate in 1589!

Apparently, the idea of the mythical “700th anniversary of the beginning of the hierarchical labors in Moscow of Metropolitan Peter of Kiev and All Russia” was proposed to Patriarch Kirill by his confidant, Metropolitan of Rostov and Novocherkassk Mercury (Ivanov), born in 1964, chairman of the Synodal Department of Religious Education and Catechism, who, when he was the abbot of the Vysoko-Petrovsky Monastery, organized in 2010 a conference dedicated to St. Peter. It was there that the deputy of the Moscow City Duma, the chairman of the commission for perspective development and urban planning, Mikhail Moskvin-Tarkhanov, voiced the absurd proposal " consider Moscow the capital since 1325, from the year of the transfer of the metropolitan residence from Vladimir to Moscow, and September 6 - the day of the celebration of the transfer of the relics of St. With the same amateurish pathos, an article was published by the infamous archaeologist Sergei Belyaev from the Russian Orthodox Church: Belyaev S.A. Metropolitan Peter and the transfer of the place of residence of the metropolitans to Moscow // Moscow Kremlin XIV century: Ancient shrines and historical sources. monuments: [Sat. Art.]. M., 2009. S. 57, 60.

For reference: in the Life of St. Peter explicitly states that " passing through the city» « find the holy hierarch a city of honest meekness, called Moscow, in it you will find a pious prince, in the name of Ivan, son of Danilov, grandson Alexandrovna". Only after the murder in the Horde on November 21 1325 Mr. Yuri Danilovich Tver Prince. Dimitri Mikhailovich Terrible Eyes Ivan Kalita, the only surviving son of St. blgv. book. Daniil Alexandrovich, officially became the Moscow prince, but not earlier. According to the historian N.S. Borisov (Moscow State University), “Peter settled in the Moscow courtyard only in 1322 year. It was then, after Dmitry Tverskoy received the great reign and Yuri's flight to Novgorod, Ivan Danilovich became Prince of Moscow "(Borisov N.S. Ivan Kalita. M., 1995. S. 133). Therefore, Metropolitan Peter could not in any way 1315 to begin clergy work in Moscow, not to mention the transfer in 1325 of the metropolitan kathisma from capital Vladimir!

Metropolitan Peter with life.
Dionysius and his workshop.
1480s.
197 x 151.
Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Inv. 3228 sob/w-258.
Transfer of the relics of St. Peter.

For reference: after the consecration of the new Assumption Cathedral on August 12, 1479, built by the famous architect Aristotle Fioravanti, the relics of St. -1490) in new cathedral and delivered on August 24 on the the same place. On this day, a celebration was established in honor of the transfer of the relics of St. Peter, the miracle worker of Moscow and all Russia (the previous celebration of July 1 was canceled).

Upon the establishment of this holiday, Pachomius Serb, a monk of the Trinity Sergius Monastery, on behalf of the authorities at the end of the 15th century. wrote two canons on the transfer of the relics of St. Peter. In 1547, after a fire that destroyed almost all the Kremlin buildings in Moscow and destroyed the roofs and porches of the Assumption Cathedral, the relics of St. Peter's were transferred to the Chudov Monastery and, after the resumption of the cathedral, they were placed in a new golden shrine, arranged by John Vasilyevich IV in 1555 on the occasion of the birth of Tsarevich John. In the calendar printed in Moscow in 1648, under the 4th of August, it is noted: “ St. Peter the Metropolitan appeared to the pious Empress Anastasia, not commanding anyone to open her coffin ever, and commanded her to seal her cancer with her seal, and establish that day to celebrate this holiday».

The Church, in her hymns, calls the day of the transfer of the relics of St. as a doctor is exceedingly rich and a source of miracles is plentiful, today your spiritual children descended in love into the transfer of your honest relics, Bishop Peter, we pray to you: pray to Christ God, grant your honest transfer to our Emperor on the enemies of the victorious».

Editorial. See more on this topic:

May 1 (April 18 old style) - celebration in honor of the Maximovskaya Icon of the Mother of God: http://www.expertmus.com/2012/05/1-18.html

Sakkos of Metropolitan Peter, not Alexy!: http://rublev-museum.livejournal.com/259810.html?thread=148706#t148706

Why does Medvedev need PR with Athos?: http://www.expertmus.com/2012/03/blog-post_7123.html

"Gifts of the Magi" on Athos - scientific expertise: http://www.expertmus.com/2014/01/blog-post_12.html

"Don't jubilee!": non-jubilee notes on the "jubilee" of Sergius of Radonezh (video): http://www.expertmus.com/2014/07/blog-post.html

On September 6, the Orthodox Church celebrates the miraculous Peter's Icon of the Mother of God. The icon has such a name because it was painted by St. Peter, Metropolitan of Moscow, when he was still hegumen of the Ratsky Monastery in Volhynia ( see photo).

Metropolitan Peter with life.
Dionysius and his workshop.
1480s.
197 x 151.
Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. Inv. 3228 sob/w-258.
Peter's teaching iconography.

Troparion to the Most Holy Theotokos before Her icon "Peter", tone 4 :

Now diligently to the Theotokos, / we sin and humility, and fall down, / in repentance, calling from the depths of our souls: / Lady, help us, having mercy on us, / pandering, we are perishing from many sins, / do not turn away Your servants, / Thou bo and one hope imams.

Kontakion to the Most Holy Theotokos before Her icon "Peter", tone 6 :

The intercession of Christians is shameless, / an immutable intercession to the Creator, / do not despise the voices of sinful prayers, / but precede, as if Good, to help us, who faithfully call Thee; / hasten to prayer, and rush to supplication, // presenting ever, the Mother of God, honoring Thee.

the very first miraculous icon The image of the Mother of God of the letter of Metropolitan Peter, apparently, was placed in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin after the blessed death of the saint in 1326. (see photo). Early information about this shrine is contained in the Life of Metropolitan Peter, compiled immediately after his blessed death in 1326. The Life tells how Peter, being hegumen of the Transfiguration Monastery in Volhynia and a skilled icon painter, painted the icon of the Mother of God and presented it to Metropolitan Maxim. Further, this icon helped Peter become a metropolitan and returned to him as a glorified miraculous image. In written sources of the XV century. there is no direct evidence of the location of the icon of the letter of Metropolitan Peter. Apparently, she was placed at his coffin and was called " life-giving”, since in the annalistic stories about the salvation of Moscow from enemy invasions through the intercession of the Virgin and Archbishop Peter, this image is invariably mentioned together with the Moscow saint.

Peter's Icon of the Mother of God.
14th century
23 x 17.
From the collection of S.P. Ryabushinsky.
State Tretyakov Gallery. Inv. 12858. Received from the State Historical Museum in 1930.

Breast image. The head of the Mother of God is inclined to the left. With her left hand, she hugs the baby, slightly turned towards her, by the shoulders. In the left hand of the baby is a scroll. Wrapping on a dark ocher sankir with heavily whitened dense ocher with numerous thin parallel sliders arranged in a form. Maforium is dark brown, with a yellow border and stars. The baby's cap and chiton are pale blue. The cap has black lines and white stars. Chiton baby with a white assist. The nimbuses are narrow and golden. The background and fields are cinnabar. The husk and the inscription are white.

In the icon-painting original, the icon is described as follows: “... His face is on the right, his hands are stretched out to Christ's pen, and Her right hand is not visible behind Him. Christ, holding a scroll in his right hand, and bless the shuitsa, presenting the cross to her, and standing simply, facing her in sight, but His feet are not visible"(L. 274).

For the history of the veneration of the miraculous Peter's Icon of the Mother of God in the 16th century. Extremely indicative are the testimonies of the Tale “On the Great Fire and the Merciful Intercession of the Virgin” of the middle of the 16th century. During the terrible fire in the Kremlin in June 1547, Metropolitan Macarius prayed in the Dormition Cathedral. When he was forced to leave the cathedral church that was on fire, he wanted to take out the most famous icons - the Vladimir and Petrovsky letters of Metropolitan Peter. He took the shrine of the Moscow saints with him, but the great miraculous image of Our Lady of Vladimir could not be taken out of the icon case, and the compiler of the Tale explained this event in this way: the main Mother of God icon of Russia did not want to leave her home - the Moscow Kremlin, and thanks to this, the Mother of God preserved not only her image " letters of the Evangelist Luke”(Vladimir icon), but also the Assumption Cathedral, covering the whole world from all evil.

The image, revered in the XIV-XVI centuries. like the miraculous Peter's Icon of the Mother of God, disappeared from the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. One can get some idea of its iconography by reproducing the miraculous image of the Theotokos in the hagiographic icon of Metropolitan Peter of the late 15th - early 16th centuries. from the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin ( see photo), as well as copies-lists of the XVI-XVII centuries.

At present, the Cathedral of the Assumption has a small icon-spinner ( see photo) of unknown origin, the iconography of which completely coincides with the miraculous Petrovsky. On the icon - late records and darkened drying oil, the ancient board is duplicated on new foundation. small plots disclosed paintings can be dated to the XIV - early XV centuries. (30, 5 x 24.5; FGBUK State Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve Moscow Kremlin. Inv. No. 4984 collection, Zh-1768)

Perhaps this is either the venerated icon itself, or an early list of it. Indirect evidence confirming the identification of the icon from the Assumption Cathedral with the miraculous Petrovsky icon of the Mother of God is the icon-list, executed by Nazariy Savin in 1614.

Peter's Icon of the Mother of God.
Nazariy Savin.
OK. 1614
36 x 30.
State Tretyakov Gallery. Inv. 22959. Post. from the State Fund in 1934. Revealed in the TsGRM approx. 1930 Collection. A. M. and A. V. Maraev, Serpukhov.

She repeats not only the iconography of the Kremlin icon (very accurately, down to the smallest details), but also the types of faces with their peculiar features. This is the only one of the lists that has the name "Petrovskaya" ( see the inscription on the background on the left). On the margins of the icon are the Moscow saints Peter, Alexei and Jonah, whose icon-painting images, as follows from the “Officers” of the Assumption Cathedral of the early 17th century, were brought to the Small Procession along with the icon of the Mother of God from the letter of Metropolitan Peter. On the back of the icon, under the top dowel, there is an inscription indicating its connection with the revered shrine of the Assumption Cathedral: “Share

On the Petrovsky Icon of the Mother of God, the Mother of God is depicted bust-wise, Her right hand covers the breast of the Infant. Christ blesses with his right hand, holding a rolled scroll in his left hand. There are variants of this iconography: different icons, which have the name Petrovskaya, are distinguished by the turn of the figures, the contact of the faces, on some icons the left hand of the Mother of God is visible, hugging the Infant by the shoulder.

The Peter's Icon of the Mother of God became the first miraculous icon in Moscow; it was painted by St. Peter the Metropolitan, the Moscow miracle worker, from whom it received its name "Petrovskaya". The first edition of the life of the saint dates from 1327. The Life reports that hegumen Peter was a skilled icon painter and painted the Peter's icon when he was rector of the Ratsky Monastery of the Transfiguration of the Savior in Volhynia. Together with the brethren, he presented the icon to Metropolitan Maxim, who brought it with him to Vladimir, where the metropolis was at that time. After the death of Metropolitan Maximus, the Peter's Icon helped Saint Peter to become a Metropolitan and returned to him as a miraculous icon.

In 1325, Saint Peter moved the metropolitanate from Vladimir to Moscow, transferred the Petrine Icon with him and placed it in the Assumption Cathedral of the Moscow Kremlin. The icon was revered as miraculous and is mentioned in chronicles in stories about the salvation of Moscow from enemies. In 1613, together with the Feodorovskaya Icon of the Mother of God, she participated in the election of the young Tsar Mikhail Feodorovich to the All-Russian throne. Her veneration was directly connected with the glorification of Metropolitan Peter, it marked the patronage of the young Moscow principality by two of the greatest heavenly intercessors - the Mother of God and the first Moscow holy miracle worker. Created by the hands of St. Peter and assisting him in obtaining the rank of metropolitan, this icon was especially revered by the Moscow church hierarchs.

At the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries, the miraculous ancient icon disappeared from the cathedral. The iconography of the icon is known from revered lists. The Novgorod copy from the Peter's Icon dates back to the 14th century (collection of the Tretyakov Gallery), two other revered copies were in the Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery and Kaluga. The list from the Trinity-Sergius Lavra was put there by Tsarina Anastasia Romanovna and Princess Ulyana Paletskaya in 1559. The earliest list with the inscription "Petrovskaya" was made by Nazariy Savin in 1614 (in the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery).

Zhanna G. Belik,

Candidate of Art History, Senior Researcher at the Andrey Rublev Museum, Curator of the Tempera Painting Fund.

Olga Evgenievna Savchenko,

researcher at the Andrey Rublev Museum.

2. Tolstaya T.V. Assumption Cathedral. M., 2008.

4. Sedova R.A. Saint Peter Metropolitan of Moscow in literature and art Ancient Russia. M., 1993.

5. Lazarev V.N. Moscow school of icon painting. M., 1971. Ill. 62.

6. Antonova V.I., Mneva N.E. Catalog of ancient Russian painting of the 14th - early 17th centuries: Experience of historical and artistic classification. M., 1963. T. 2. M., 1963. Cat. No. 90. S. 316-317. ill. 111.

7. Nikolaeva T.V. Ancient Russian painting of the Zagorsk Museum. M., 1977. Cat. No. 122.

Complete collection and description: Prayer to the Peter's icon for the spiritual life of a believer.

The icon, which will be discussed further, is very famous, its authorship is attributed to the Metropolitan of Kiev and All Russia Peter, who lived in the XIII century. This was the first metropolitan, whose permanent place of residence since 1325 was Moscow. The Peter's Icon of the Mother of God - this is how it is called and revered as miraculous. The celebration in honor of her takes place on September 6 according to the new calendar, on this day the Church remembers the transfer of the incorruptible relics of St. Peter to the newly rebuilt Assumption Church (1479).