The simplest generator at home. DIY generator: the best ideas and tips on how to make a modern generator with your own hands (instructions with photos and drawings)

I will show you how to assemble a simple, but powerful enough, 220 volt generator.

Would need:

- collector motor, you can another 12 volt
- nozzle on the motor axis - drill chuck
- uninterruptible UPS or inverter from 12 to 220
- 10 amp diode: D214, D242, D215, D232, KD203, etc.
- wires
- bike
- and preferably a 12 volt battery

Assembly:

- fix the bike so that the rear wheel spins freely, hang it out
- screw the chuck onto the motor shaft
- we fix the motor so that the cartridge is pressed tightly against the wheel, you can tighten it with a spring
- connect the motor to the battery: the negative wire of the motor to the negative of the battery, the positive wire of the motor to the anode of the diode, the cathode of the diode to the positive of the battery
- the battery is connected to an uninterruptible power supply or an inverter
Everything! You can connect consumers to 220 volts to an uninterruptible power supply and use electricity! As soon as the battery is discharged, it will be enough to pedal and in about an hour the battery will be charged.

Where to get details?

- the motor can be bought in a car shop: cooling fan motor. It is not expensive. And if you want almost for nothing, then it can be twisted at the metal collection point, from an old car.
- an uninterruptible power supply from a personal PC, you can use an old one with a worthless internal battery. Or an inverter 12 - 220, sold in automotive stores.
- 10 amp diode, for example: D305, D214, D242, D243, D245, D215, D232,
D246, D203, D233, KD210, KD203, etc. Sold in radio spare parts stores. Or you can unscrew it from the old technology.

My experience:

I've been using this generator for a few months now and it showed pretty good results! The charging current of the battery was about 10 amps and depended on how you pedal. If you twist slowly, it turned out 5 amperes, if you twist as quickly as possible, then 20 amperes. The average generator power is 120 watts. I mainly used low power consumers:

3 W - phone charging
- 5 W - radio receiver
- 7 W - charging and using the tablet
- 10 W - charger for camera, flashlight and video camera
- 12 W - energy-saving light bulb
- 30 W - music center
- 40 W - laptop
- 70 W - TV (rarely turned on)

I had enough charge for almost a day, after which I pedaled for an hour and again it was possible to use electricity.

If anyone knows other methods for generating electricity at home, share in the comments.

The energy of the electric current, entering inside the asynchronous motor, easily turns into the energy of motion at the exit from it. But what if a reverse transformation is required? In this case, you can build a homemade generator from an asynchronous motor. Only it will function in a different mode: by making mechanical work electricity will start to be generated. Ideal Solution- transformation into a wind generator - a source of free energy.

It has been experimentally proved that the magnetic field is created by an alternating electric field. This is the basis of the principle of operation of an asynchronous motor, the design of which includes:

The body is what we see from the outside;
The stator is the fixed part of the electric motor;
The rotor is the element that is set in motion.

At the stator, the main element is the winding, which is supplied with alternating voltage (the principle of operation is not on permanent magnets, but on a magnetic field damaged by an alternating electric one). The role of the rotor is a cylinder with grooves in which the winding is laid. But the current flowing to it has the opposite direction. The result is two variables electric fields. Each of them creates a magnetic field, which begin to interact with each other. But the structure of the stator is such that it cannot move. Therefore, the result of the interaction of two magnetic fields is the rotation of the rotor.

The design and principle of operation of the electric generator

Experiments also confirm that the magnetic field creates a variable electric field. Below is a diagram that clearly illustrates the principle of the generator.

If a metal frame is placed and rotated in a magnetic field, then the magnetic flux penetrating it will begin to change. This will lead to the formation of an induction current inside the loop. If you connect the ends to a current consumer, for example, with an electric lamp, then you can observe its glow. This suggests that the mechanical energy expended on rotating the frame inside magnetic field, turned into electrical energy, which helped light the lamp.

Structurally, the electric generator consists of the same parts as the electric motor: housing, stator and rotor. The difference lies only in the principle of action. The non-rotor is driven by the magnetic field generated by the electric in the stator winding. And appears electricity in the stator winding by changing magnetic flux penetrating it, due to the forced rotation of the rotor.

From electric motor to electric generator

Human life today is unthinkable without electricity. Therefore, power plants are being built everywhere that convert the energy of water, wind and atomic nuclei into electrical energy. It has become universal because it can be transformed into the energy of movement, heat and light. This was the reason for the mass distribution of electric motors. Electric generators are less popular because the state supplies electricity centrally. But still, sometimes it happens that there is no electricity, and there is nowhere to get it from. In this case, a generator from an asynchronous motor will help you.

We have already said above that structurally the generator and the engine are similar to each other. This raises the question: is it possible to use this miracle of technology as a source of both mechanical and electrical energy? It turns out you can. And we will tell you how to convert the motor into a power source with your own hands.

The meaning of rework

If you need an electric generator, why make it out of an engine if you can buy new equipment? However, high-quality electrical engineering is not a cheap pleasure. And if you have an unused this moment motor, why not do him a good service? Through simple manipulations and minimal cost you will get an excellent current source that can power devices with a resistive load. These include computer, electronic and radio engineering, ordinary lamps, heaters and welding converters.

But savings are not the only benefit. Advantages of an electric current generator built from an asynchronous electric motor:

The design is simpler than that of the synchronous counterpart;
Maximum protection of the insides from moisture and dust;
High resistance to overloads and short circuit;
Almost complete absence of non-linear distortion;
Clear factor (a value expressing the uneven rotation of the rotor) no more than 2%;
The windings are static during operation, therefore they do not wear out for a long time, increasing the service life;
The generated electricity immediately has a voltage of 220V or 380V, depending on which engine you decide to remake: single-phase or three-phase. This means that current consumers can be directly connected to the generator, without inverters.

Even if the generator cannot fully meet your needs, it can be used in conjunction with a centralized power supply. In this case, we are again talking about savings: you will have to pay less. The benefit will be expressed as the difference obtained by subtracting the generated electricity from the amount of electricity consumed.

What is needed for remodeling?

In order to make a generator from an asynchronous motor with your own hands, you must first understand what prevents the conversion of electrical energy from mechanical energy. Recall that for the formation of an induction current, the presence of a magnetic field that changes with time is necessary. When the equipment is operating in motor mode, it is created both in the stator and in the rotor due to mains power. If you transfer the equipment to the generator mode, it turns out that there is no magnetic field at all. Where can he come from?

After the operation of the equipment in the engine mode, the rotor retains residual magnetization. It is she who, from forced rotation, causes induction current in the stator. And in order for the magnetic field to be preserved, it will be necessary to install capacitors that have a capacitive current. It is he who will maintain the magnetization due to self-excitation.

With the question of where the original magnetic field came from, we figured it out. But how to set the rotor in motion? Of course, if you spin it with your own hands, it will be possible to power a small light bulb. But the result is unlikely to satisfy you. The ideal solution is to turn the motor into a wind generator, or a windmill.

This is the name of a device that converts the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical, and then into electrical energy. Wind generators are equipped with blades that are set in motion when they meet with the wind. They can rotate both vertically and horizontally.

From theory to practice

We will build a wind generator from a motor with our own hands. For easy understanding, diagrams and videos are attached to the instructions. You will need:

Device for transmitting wind energy to the rotor;
Capacitors for each stator winding.

It is difficult to formulate a rule according to which you could pick up a device for catching wind the first time. Here you need to be guided by the fact that when the equipment is operating in the generator mode, the rotor speed should be 10% higher than when operating as an engine. It is necessary to take into account the frequency not of the nominal, but of idling. Example: the nominal frequency is 1000 rpm, and in idle mode it is 1400. Then, to generate current, you need a frequency equal to approximately 1540 rpm.

The selection of capacitors by capacitance is made according to the formula:

C is the desired capacity. Q is the rotor speed in revolutions per minute. P - the number "pi", equal to 3.14. f - phase frequency (constant value for Russia, equal to 50 Hertz). U - voltage in the network (220 if one phase, and 380 if three).

Calculation example : three-phase rotor rotates at 2500 rpm. ThenC \u003d 2500 / (2 * 3.14 * 50 * 380 * 380) \u003d 56 uF.

Attention! Do not select a capacity larger than the calculated value. Otherwise, the active resistance will be high, which will lead to overheating of the generator. This can also happen when the device starts without load. In this case, it will be useful to reduce the capacitance of the capacitor. To make it easy to do it yourself, put the container not in one piece, but in a team. For example, 60 uF can be made up of 6 pieces of 10 uF connected in parallel to each other.

How to connect?

Consider how to make a generator from an asynchronous motor, using the example of a three-phase motor:

Connect the shaft to a device that drives the rotor due to wind energy;
Connect the capacitors according to the triangle scheme, the vertices of which are connected to the ends of the star or the vertices of the stator triangle (depending on the type of connection of the windings);
If the output requires a voltage of 220 Volts, connect the stator windings into a triangle (the end of the first winding - with the beginning of the second, the end of the second - with the beginning of the third, the end of the third - with the beginning of the first);
If you need to power devices from 380 Volts, then to connect the stator windings suitable circuit"star". To do this, connect the beginning of all windings together, and connect the ends to the appropriate containers.

Step-by-step instructions on how to make a single-phase low-power wind generator with your own hands:

Take it out of the old washing machine electric motor;
Determine the working winding and connect a capacitor in parallel with it;
Provide rotation of the rotor due to wind energy.

It will turn out a windmill, as in the video, and it will give out 220 volts.

For electrical appliances powered by direct current, an additional rectifier will be required. And if you are interested in monitoring the parameters of the power supply, install an ammeter and a voltmeter at the output.

Advice! Wind generators due to the lack of a constant wind can sometimes stop working or work not at full strength. Therefore, it is convenient to organize your own power plant. To do this, the windmill is connected during windy weather to the battery. The accumulated electricity can be used during the calm.

Unfortunately, often power supply organizations cannot cope with the provision of private households with electricity. Due to power outages, dacha owners and country cottages forced to turn to alternative sources of electricity. The most common of these is the generator.

Features of the electric generator and its scope

An electric generator is a mobile device used to convert and store electricity. Operating principle this device simple, which allows you to make it yourself. A diagram of a simple generator can be easily found on the Internet.

A hand-made unit will not be a worthy competitor to a factory-assembled product, but this is the best solution if you want to save a significant amount of money.

Electric generators have a fairly wide range of applications. As you can see in the photo of homemade generators, they can be used in wind farms, in welding work, as well as offline device to support electricity in private homes.

The generator is switched on by the input voltage. To do this, the device is connected to a power source, but this is not rational for a mini-power plant, because it must generate electric current, and not consume it to start.

As a result, models equipped with the ability to sequentially switch capacitors or with a self-excitation function are especially popular.

The nuances that you need to know to create an electric generator

Buying a generator is quite expensive. Therefore, more and more zealous owners resort to making the unit with their own hands. The simplicity of the principle of operation and design solution allows you to assemble an electric generating device in just a couple of hours.

How to make a generator with your own hands?

The first stage is to set up all the equipment so that the rotation speed exceeds the speed of the electric motor. After measuring the amount of rotation of the motor, add another 10%. You will get the speed at which the generator should operate.

Step two - altering the generator for yourself with the help of capacitors. It is very important to correctly determine the required capacity.

The third step is the installation of capacitors. Here it is necessary to strictly follow the calculation. In addition, you need to make sure the quality of the insulation. That's all - the assembly of the generator is completed.

Master class on making an asynchronous type generator

One of the most common types of homemade generators is an asynchronous generator. This is due to its simple principle of operation and good technical characteristics.

What do you need to make such a generator with your own hands? First of all, you will need asynchronous motor. His hallmark are short-circuited turns instead of a magnet on the rotor. You will also need capacitors.

Manufacturing instructions

Connect a voltmeter to any of the motor windings, and spin the shaft. The voltmeter will show the presence of voltage, which is taken due to the residual magnetization of the rotor.

It's not a generator yet. Let's try to create a magnetic field using rotor coils. When the electric motor is turned on, the short-circuited turns of the rotor are magnetized. A similar result can be obtained when the device is operating in the "generator" mode.

We put a shunt on one of the stator windings using not electrical capacitor. Let's spin the shaft. The value of the appeared voltage will eventually become equal to the rated voltage of the motor. Next, we shunt the remaining windings of the power device with a capacitor and connect them.

The generator is considered a potentially dangerous device, so handling it requires special care. It must be protected from atmospheric precipitation and mechanical shocks. It is best to make a special casing.

If the device is autonomous, then it must be equipped with sensors and devices to record the necessary data. It is also desirable to equip the device with an on / off button.

At the slightest doubt in your abilities, it is better to refuse self-manufacturing generator.

DIY photo generators

Local power networks are not always able to fully provide electricity to homes, especially when it comes to country cottages and mansions. Interruptions in a constant power supply or its complete absence makes it necessary to look for electricity. One of these is the use - a device capable of converting and storing electricity, using for this the most unusual resources (energy, tides). Its principle of operation is quite simple, which makes it possible to make an electric generator with your own hands. Maybe, homemade model will not be able to compete with a factory-assembled analogue, but this is a great way to save more than 10,000 rubles. If we consider a homemade electric generator as a temporary alternative source power supply, then it is quite possible to get by with a homemade product.

How to make an electric generator, what is required for this, as well as what nuances will have to be taken into account, we will learn further.

The desire to have an electric generator in its use is overshadowed by one nuisance - this is high unit cost. Like it or not, but the most low-power models have a rather exorbitant cost - from 15,000 rubles and more. It is this fact that suggests the idea of creating a generator with his own hands. However, himself the process can be difficult, if:

no skill in working with tools and diagrams;
no experience in creating such devices;
The necessary parts and spare parts are not available.

If all this and a great desire are present, then you can try to build a generator, guided by the assembly instructions and the attached diagram.

It's no secret that a purchased power generator will have a more extended list of features and functions, while a home-made product is capable of failing and failing at the most inopportune moments. Therefore, to buy or do it yourself is a purely individual matter that requires a responsible approach.

How an electric generator works

The principle of operation of an electric generator is based on a physical phenomenon electromagnetic induction. A conductor passing through an artificially created electromagnetic field creates an impulse that is converted into direct current.

The generator has an engine that is capable of generating electricity by burning a certain type of fuel in its compartments:, or. In turn, the fuel, entering the combustion chamber, during the combustion process produces a gas that rotates the crankshaft. The latter transmits an impulse to the driven shaft, which is already capable of providing a certain amount of energy at the output.

Many beginner electricians are interested in one very popular question - how to make electricity free and at the same time autonomous. Very often, for example, when going out into nature, there is a catastrophic lack of an outlet to recharge the phone or turn on the lamp. In this case, a self-made thermoelectric module assembled on the basis of a Peltier element will help you. Using such a device, you can generate a current with a voltage of up to 5 volts, which is quite enough to charge the device and connect the lamp. Next, we will tell you how to make a thermoelectric generator with your own hands, providing a simple master class in pictures and with a video example!

Briefly about the principle of action

So that in the future you understand why certain spare parts are needed when assembling a home-made thermoelectric generator, we will first talk about the design of the Peltier element and how it works. This module consists of series-connected thermocouples located between ceramic plates, as shown in the picture below.

When an electric current passes through such a circuit, the so-called Peltier effect occurs - one side of the module heats up, and the other side cools down. Why do we need it? Everything is very simple if you act in reverse order: heat one side of the plate, and cool the other side, respectively, you can generate electricity of small voltage and current strength. We hope that on this stage everything is clear, so let's move on to master classes that will clearly show what and how to make a thermoelectric generator with your own hands.

Assembly master class

So, we found on the Internet a very detailed and at the same time simple instructions assembly homemade generator electricity based on a furnace and a Peltier element. To get started, you need to prepare the following materials:

The Peltier element itself with parameters: maximum current 10 A, voltage 15 Volts, dimensions 40 * 40 * 3.4 mm. Marking - TEC 1-12710.
An old power supply from a computer (only the case is needed from it).
Voltage stabilizer, with the following technical specifications: input voltage 1-5 Volts, output - 5 Volts. In this instruction for assembling a thermoelectric generator, a module with a USB output is used, which will simplify the process of recharging a modern phone or tablet.
Radiator. You can take it from the processor immediately with a cooler, as shown in the photo.
Thermal paste.

Having prepared all the materials, you can proceed to the manufacture of the device with your own hands. So, to make it clearer to you how to make a generator yourself, we provide step by step master class with pictures and detailed explanation:

The thermoelectric generator works as follows: pour firewood inside the oven, set it on fire and wait a few minutes until one of the sides of the plate heats up. To recharge the phone, it is necessary that the difference between the temperatures of different sides be about 100 ° C. If the cooling part (radiator) heats up, it must be cooled by everyone possible methods- carefully pour water over it, put a mug of ice on it, etc.

And here is a video that clearly shows how a homemade wood-fired electric generator works:

Generating electricity from fire

You can also install a computer fan on the cold side, as shown in the second version of a home-made thermoelectric generator with a Peltier element:

In this case, the cooler will consume a small fraction of the power of the generator set, but in the end the system will be with a higher efficiency. In addition to telephone charging, the Peltier module can be used as a source of electricity for LEDs, which is at least useful option generator applications. By the way, the second version of a home-made thermoelectric generator is a bit similar in appearance and design. The only upgrade, besides the cooling system, is the ability to adjust the height of the so-called burner. To do this, the author of the element uses the “body” of the CD-ROM (one of the photos clearly shows how you can make the design yourself).

If you make a thermoelectric generator with your own hands using this technique, you can have up to 8 volts of voltage at the output, so to charge your phone, do not forget to connect a converter that will leave only 5 V at the output.

Well, the last version of a home-made source of electricity for the house can be represented by the following scheme: an element - two aluminum "bricks", a copper pipe (water cooling) and a burner. The result is an efficient generator that allows you to make free electricity at home!