Stress (nervous tension) For treatment, you need to drink tea made from sage leaves. Pour 1 teaspoon of dried sage leaves into a glass of boiling water. Then cover and infuse the tea for a few minutes, strain and add 1 teaspoon of apple cider vinegar. When

EMOTIONAL OVERSTRAIN LEADING TO NEUROSIS

A. M. Fatkullina, doctor
Naberezhnye Chelny
L. V. Timoshenko, doctor
psychotherapist, sanatorium "Kolos", Omsk region

Introduction

According to epidemiological studies, anxiety and depressive states dominate among stress-related conditions, they are closely intertwined with each other and have a certain stage in their development. Stress can be acute, or it can accumulate for years - we call this condition chronic psycho-emotional stress, when a person experiences negative experiences for a long time. In the course of scientific research, it has been proven that these experiences tend to accumulate, at some point the “cup overflows”, and they manifest as a pathological condition.

A pathological condition due to chronic psycho-emotional overstrain can be as follows:

1. Mental:
2. anxious;
3. depressive;
4. post-traumatic stress disorder;
5. neuroses.
6. Somatic pathological condition:
7. arterial hypertension;
8. coronary artery disease;
9. peptic ulcer;
10. bronchial asthma.
    The spectrum of diseases, in the etiology of which stress plays a significant role, is very wide.

The link between stress and disease

The history of the problem has ancient roots. In medical treatises of centuries ago, one can find references to the fact that a bad mood is harmful to health and makes it difficult to recover from the sick and wounded. Initially, U. Geberden, and later V. P. Obraztsov and N. D. Strazhesko, describing angina pectoris, noted that a pain attack occurs in a patient who either physically strained or experienced some kind of negative emotional state. A significant contribution to the formation of a psychosomatic approach to the etiopathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases at the beginning of the 20th century. such luminaries of domestic medicine as academicians of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences G.F. Lang and A.L. Myasnikov were introduced. It should be noted that in the West at that time these ideas were not in demand.

Meanwhile, on a clinical level, the link between stress and heart disease seems clear. If a patient suffering from hypertension is asked what causes a sharp increase in blood pressure or hypertensive crises, he will answer: nervous tension, troubles at work, conflicts in the family, etc. A very large study was recently conducted that covered all the territories of Russia. It was attended by about 2500 people suffering from arterial hypertension and ischemic disease hearts. The vast majority of patients, about 70%, consider psycho-emotional stress to be the main cause of their disease and its progression.

Today, the connection between stress and cardiovascular pathology is also obvious from the standpoint of evidence-based medicine. In the course of prospective studies, when patients are observed for years, it is shown: people who have undergone some kind of mental trauma or have high level stress (with the help of objective methods it can be measured), subsequently they are more likely to overtake cardiovascular diseases, and they are more likely to die from them.

And although practitioners in general are well aware of the significance of stress in the development of health disorders, any special events to identify this factor and attempts to correct it is not carried out.

The situation in the country indirectly testifies to the negative role stress has played in people's lives: the number of suicides over the past 10-15 years has remained prohibitively high. Most suicides are caused by post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.

The rise of stress-induced diseases

It should be noted that the number of stress-induced diseases, including anxiety and depression, is also growing in the West, and this causes a completely unfounded counterargument: this situation is typical for any modern society. But in the West, the main cause of such ailments is the aging of the population, and not the deterioration of the economic situation and living conditions of the vast majority of the population or the tension in society. Life expectancy in the European Union is approaching 80 years, and old age is objectively associated with an increased risk of depression. This is a well-known pattern that takes place both here and abroad. According to our data, the probability of the presence of depressive symptoms in patients clearly increases with age, by about 4% per year.

Intensification of the rhythm of life

Among the factors that provoke stress and adaptation disorders, one of the main ones is the intensification of the rhythm of life. Even 50 years ago, people lived much calmer and more measured, albeit less comfortable. Today there is a continuous increase in the requirements for a person in the workplace, in everyday life. The stimulation of consumption leads to the stimulation of labor activity, which entails the tension of all life resources organism. People began to rest noticeably less - 10-12 days instead of 20-30. There was such a thing as "professional burnout" - when people "focused on the result" do not take into account the physiological capabilities of their body, ignore the signals that it gives in the form of malaise, fatigue, often go to work in one or another painful condition. Everywhere there is a decrease in the number of temporary disability sheets, which in many large companies is regarded as a positive fact, but it is not: at the same time, the incidence of serious illnesses and deaths from them are increasing.

Ways to get out of stress

Self-treatment. Many patients independently take a variety of psychotropic drugs, most often plant origin, considering them harmless, or use tranquilizers (phenazepam or seduxen) uncontrollably for years, driving the problem inside, which leads to a chronic process. Such patients complain of heart or stomach pain, arrhythmia, bad dream, and no one, as a rule, associates their complaints with a psychopathological condition. According to epidemiological studies, clinically significant signs of various depressive spectrum disorders occur in every third patient of the general medical health care network. This means that every third patient who comes to see a local general practitioner has certain signs of psychopathological conditions. Some have only symptoms, while others have an already formed disorder that is not diagnosed.
Alcohol. To get out of stress, our population chooses the most harmful and unproductive ways, the most traditional of which is alcohol. If at first 20 - 30 ml is enough, then as the disadaptation deepens, this amount is already not enough. After all, the amount of alcohol needed to “relieve stress” can be quite significant and far in excess of the so-called standard doses. What does "standard dose" mean?
This is the amount of alcohol that can be consumed regularly without compromising health and even receiving some benefit. The standard dose is no more than 30 ml of any strong drink (vodka, cognac, whiskey), or 200 ml (glass) of wine, or 330 ml of beer per day.
It is safe for a healthy man to consume 1-2 standard doses per day, but any excess of the dose causes vasospasm, a number of adverse metabolic effects, may have a proarrhythmic effect. People who are under stress and try to get out of it with alcohol most often exceed safe standard doses, causing harm to their health. Over time, alcohol ceases to help, and other ways to get rid of stress are sought, such as drugs.
Psychological help. In the West, people are accustomed to consider a simple decrease in mood as a painful condition, and even in this regard they turn to appropriate specialists - psychologists or psychoanalysts. In our country, such a stereotype of behavior has not taken root in the mass consciousness; Russians rarely turn to psychologists or psychiatrists. Usually, those whose condition becomes very serious decide to take such a step. There are many problems with the availability of free psychological assistance. At the same time, private psychologists provide their services for quite a significant amount of money.

Our population treats psychologists differently. Young people, copying the Western way of life, consider their recommendations almost a panacea. The older generation in stressful situations, he prefers to "take his soul" with loved ones, and not go "to confession" to a psychologist. But the strangest thing is that psychiatrists usually talk about psychologists with a certain amount of skepticism and the reason is that the psychologist, as a rule, is not a doctor. Usually he is educated at the psychological faculty of a university or other university and does not have a medical license, that is, the right to practice medicine. A psychologist can advise patients, but he is deprived of the right to prescribe medications, that is, to conduct psychopharmacotherapy. Some psychologists neglect these prohibitions, since today psychopharmaceuticals can be freely bought at a pharmacy without a prescription. Many questions arise, including ethical ones: after all, the patient is most often not aware of whether the psychologist has a medical license. Knowing this problem, psychiatrists are very reserved about the activities of psychologists. They are much more benevolent towards the fact that doctors of other specialties treat psychotropic drugs. And this is quite a normal practice, quite widely represented abroad.
Outpatient health care. In many European countries, anxiety, depression, neurotic conditions are treated very successfully by general practitioners. They can, of course, refer the patient to a psychiatrist if the patient has a recurrent, recurrent disorder or depression with suicidal thoughts, realizing that the patient needs specialized, maybe even inpatient care. But if we are talking about borderline, mild conditions, then there is no need to distract a psychiatrist to examine such patients. In addition, it must be borne in mind that not every patient will agree to go to see a psychiatrist. This factor also works abroad, but especially here: there are a number of circumstances due to which people are very wary of psychiatric help and seek it as a last resort, and often patients are brought in by relatives, passing off a psychiatrist as a doctor of another specialty. It is sometimes possible to force a patient to undergo a consultation with a psychiatrist only by a court decision, if the patient becomes dangerous to others, threatens public order. But until the case goes to trial...

Therefore, the role of district doctors in this context can hardly be overestimated. It is very important that there is a trend towards expanding the functions of the district doctor. He observes his patients for a long time, sometimes several years, and it is easier for him to notice some alarming dynamics: the appearance of symptoms unusual for him, a change in mood or behavior. Ideally, it is even easier for a family doctor or a local therapist to identify a mental disorder in his patient than for a consultant who sees a person who has come to the appointment for the first time and knows nothing about him.

Spa treatment. One of the important components of the treatment and prevention of chronic stress is spa treatment. One of critical factors is the removal of the patient from the familiar environment with problems at work or at home, changing the environment and climate, meeting other people, the ability to get rid of everyday problems in the form of cooking, cleaning, washing, etc.

An important factor is the use in the treatment of such physical factors as baths, massage, psychotherapy. Indeed, in order to improve the condition, certain period, not less than 2 weeks. Sanatorium-and-spa treatment for neuroses is especially effective. Neurosis is a psychogenic (as a rule, conflictogenic) neuropsychiatric disorder, which occurs as a result of a violation of especially significant life relationships of a person, manifests itself in specific clinical phenomena in the absence of psychotic phenomena. Neurosis is characterized by:
- reversibility of pathological disorders;
- the functional nature of the disease;
- the predominance of emotional and somatovegetative disorders;
- the absence of psychotic disorders;
- being critical of one's condition.

We present a clinical case.

Patient N., 52 years old, was admitted to a sanatorium with complaints of weakness, irritability, sleep disturbance, palpitations, anxiety, fear of the dark (sleeps with light, her husband is nearby, she cannot leave the apartment alone if it is dark outside).
From childhood, she grew up impressionable, emotional. The condition worsened after a change of residence (we bought a house in which tenants often died!).
Objectively: the state is satisfactory, contact, memory and attention are preserved, tense, as if something is constantly waiting. Blood pressure 130/90 mm Hg. Art., pulse 96 beats per minute, heart sounds of the correct rhythm. Tremor of the eyelids, fingers. In Romberg's position it is stable, tendon reflexes are evenly animated.

Diagnosis: obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Treatment:
– mineral baths No. 10,
– fan shower No. 10,
- oxygen cocktail daily,
- individual psychotherapy (AT, hypnosuggestion) No. 12.

After the treatment, he notices an improvement. Decreased irritability, weakness. Improved overall health, mood, sleep. Fears disappeared, I began to sleep without light.
A year later, she visited the sanatorium again. Satisfactory condition, fears do not bother. There is no return of symptoms.
The use of biologically active additives of the company Coral Club. Unfortunately. excessive nervousness can also be caused by a lack of certain foods nutrients such as amino acids, zinc, tryptophan, phenylalanine and B vitamins.

We present a clinical case.
A 34-year-old woman complained of rapid fatigue, increased drowsiness during the day. At the same time, there is a violation of night sleep - he falls asleep quickly, but wakes up at about 3 o'clock at night, cannot fall asleep, falls asleep in the morning, but it is already time to get up. In the anamnesis - psycho-emotional trauma.
As a result, in the morning, a feeling of lack of sleep, weakness, wakes up with difficulty, drowsiness and lethargy last for a long time. In addition, in the morning, swelling of the face, bright pink stripes all over the body from the folds of clothes and bed linen (edematous syndrome).
In addition, in the past few months, constant aching pains in the thoracic and lumbosacral spine have been disturbing. Also, from the age of 15, there is constant nasal congestion, noisy breathing through the nose - chronic vasomotor rhinitis.
Examination, Complete blood count, general urinalysis, biochemical blood test - no pathology (cholesterol 5.3 mmol / l), ultrasound of the kidneys, liver, gallbladder - no pathology.
When testing a live blood drop on a dark-field microscope: pronounced aggregation of erythrocytes, "coin columns", small clumps of cholesterol in the plasma in moderation, signs of anemia, deficiency of vitamins and microelements, renal echinocytes in a small amount.

Condition Correction:

: 1-1.5 liters per day.
For a long time, against this background:
1st stage. 1 capsule 2 times a day for 1 month.
2nd stage. 2 tablets 2 times a day for 3 weeks.
3rd stage. Program 2 for 2 weeks.
4th stage. 1 capsule Zraza per day for 1 month.
1 tablet 2 times a day for 2 months.
2 tablets 2 times a day for 1 month.
At first, against the background of taking it, sleep gradually began to improve, after 4 months the morning edema completely disappeared, pain in the spine disappeared.
After Program 2 Colo-Vada Plus, the phenomena of chronic vasomotor rhinitis almost immediately disappeared - nasal breathing became free, silent.
Immediately after Program 2, cheerfulness and energy appeared, and drowsiness during the day disappeared. In addition, the aching pain in her legs, which she had previously associated simply with fatigue, disappeared. Perhaps these pains in the legs were associated with the initial manifestations of varicose veins of the legs.

Now he continues to take various drugs for prophylactic purposes, after six months - Program 2 Colo-Vada Plus.

JOURNAL NATURAL PHARMACOLOGY AND COSMETOLOGY No. 1 2007

Magazine for practitioners. Natural pharmacology and cosmetology. Publisher: Department of Preventive and Restorative Medicine, Russian State Medical University. Chief Editor Yu. G. Bozhenkov.

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There are three degrees of severity of emotional stress.

The first degree is the state of attention, mobilization, activity, characterized by an increase in working capacity, an increase in the function of organs and systems that ensure the solution of this problem. It arises whenever the task facing the body is unconventional, requires concentration of attention, mobilization of intellectual and physical resources. This state is very useful, it trains the body, increases efficiency.

The second degree is the appearance of sthenic negative emotion. Psychologically, this is a state of rage (anger, indignation) familiar to everyone, accompanied by an extremely significant (limiting) increase in the activity of organs and systems, which ensures the interaction of the body with environment. The performance of skeletal muscles increases significantly, attention is concentrated, the work of the heart increases, blood pressure, respiration, oxidative and energy processes intensify, a spasm of the vessels of the abdominal organs appears and the blood flows intensively to the muscles, brain, lungs and heart. The purpose of such a reaction is to maximize the resources of the body and thereby achieve a solution to the problem that has arisen.

The third degree - asthenic negative emotion, occurs if the task requires resources that are much higher than those available to the body even with maximum mobilization of forces. Psychologically, it is experienced as a state of fear (horror, longing). There is a sharp decrease in intellectual and energy resources (from fear, “hands drop”, “legs give way”, “mental abilities” are paralyzed, “vegetative storm” can turn into “chaos”).

The considered three degrees of the state of stress in a "pure" form are rare. Often there are degrees of emotional stress, which can be characterized as intermediate (transitional) stages. So, for example, in the intermediate stage between II and III, oppression of only intellectual functions may occur with complete preservation (and even increase) of energy resources. In this case, a fearful, insane person with gigantic energy commits senseless acts (panic).

Transitional situations of another kind are also observed, when only energy resources are reduced: a person paralyzed by horror realizes the approaching danger, but is unable to make a single movement to avoid it.

The degree of the state of tension arising in a given situation, among other things, is determined by the previous life experience. The lack of this experience, the lack of skills necessary to overcome difficulties, contribute to the emergence of a state of tension of a higher degree.