Presentation for children of the middle group Dymkovo toy. Presentation on the topic: Presentation for preschool children about the Dymkovo toy

The Dymkovo toy is one of the oldest crafts of Russia, which has existed on the Vyatka land for more than four hundred years. The appearance of the toy is associated with the spring holiday Svistunya, for which the female population of the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats, ducks. Later, when the holiday lost its significance, the craft not only survived, but also received further development.

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GBDOU No. 64 of the Primorsky District Educator: Kuznetsova.T.Yu.

The technique for making a Dymkovo toy is very simple. Toys are molded from red clay mixed with river sand. The form is molded in parts. Individual elements interconnected with liquid clay. The seams are wiped with a damp cloth.

After sculpting, the toy is dried and fired.

The next stage of work is bleaching. The toy was immersed in a solution of ground chalk diluted in milk. The toy turned dazzling white and was ready to be painted.

Then traditional patterns were applied: cells, stripes, circles, ovals, dots.

The Dymkovo lady is very elegant. On the head without fail - curls, hats, kokoshniks. On the shoulders - a cape, puffy sleeves. On the bottom of the skirt or apron - frills. In the hands - a handbag, an umbrella, a dog, a yoke, etc. On a white background, the craftswomen generously “scattered” circles, cages, large and small peas. Look how good this girl-soul Scarlet cheeks burn, Amazing outfit.

Dymkovo cavaliers, grandiose generals, with self-respect. More often they are depicted on horseback or paired with a mistress. With ribbons and bows, Yes, under the arm with dandies We walk in pairs, We swim in pavs.

Clay horses rush On stands that have strength. And you can't hold on to the tail, If you missed the mane.

An unknown bird started up - Everyone marvels at it. It does not sing and does not fly, Everything burns and blazes ... This bird is not simple, Painted, golden. Just a marvel - a trinket, Her name is - a folk toy!

To this day, the Dymkovo toy continues to delight us with its brightness, colorfulness, and festivity. The craft of the Dymkovo toy is preserved thanks to the Dymkovo craftswomen from the city of Kirov. We are notable toys, Folding, okay, We are famous everywhere, You will like us too!

Why is Dymkovo famous? With my toy. There is no smoky color in it, but there is love of people. There is something in it from the rainbow, From the dew drops. There is something in her with joy, Thundering like basses.

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

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Dymkovo toy History of development to the present day

Ancient Slavic symbols Female figurine - mother earth, bird - water or air element, horse - sun

Whistles The origin of the Dymkovo toy comes from a clay whistle

Vyatka 18-19 century

pandemonium festival

Cavaliers

Beliefs, customs, traditions Around the fashioned god of the sun Yarila and the goddess of the Woman in Childbirth, people depicted what they wanted to have with the advent of spring: pets, birds, babies.

Dymkovo mistress Gradually, the goddess of the house in labor in the hands of the Dymkovo masters turned into a mistress

Such a Dymkovskaya Sloboda - a place where clay toys were made, was at the beginning of the 20th century. From the high bank of the Vyatka River you can see the Dymkovo settlement beyond the river. In winter, when the stoves were heated, in the summer, when it was foggy, the whole settlement seemed to be in a haze. Therefore, the name is. Here, in ancient times, the craft of the Dymkovo toy was born. Where were Dymkovo toys made?

Images and painting in the Dymkovo toy remained traditional in the 19th century

Tea Party Carousel With the development of the craft, many plot compositions: household, fabulous, historical, with elements of landscape, architecture

Composition for the fairy tale "Turnip"

Clay mining

Manufacturing process

Clay ready to use

In the process of creativity

They sculpt a Dymkovo toy from clay, then dry it, first on a table, then fire it in an oven.

Hardened, strong, sonorous figurines come out of the oven. They are whitewashed with chalk diluted in milk, and begin to paint. Patterns come out from under the brush: dots, circles, straight and wavy stripes, cells, spots. The colors are crimson, red, green, yellow, orange, blue - colorful and fun, like in a round dance.

And the final touch - the craftswoman "plants" gold: she wets the brush in a raw egg, lightly touches the golden square or rhombus and "plants" it on Right place: young ladies and water carriers for hats and kokoshniks, roosters for combs ... Now our toys light up and become brighter.

Where are toys made now? The city of Kirov - Vyatka, where the factory for the manufacture of Dymkovo toys is located

For the preservation and development of the craft In 2011, a museum was opened in Kirov - "Dymkovo Toy

Kirov "family" Since 2010, in the center of Kirov, near the puppet theater, citizens and guests of the city have been greeted on a bench by a lady with a baby, a boy with a whistle and a brave fellow with an accordion - all this makes up the sculptural composition "Family"

Dymkovo mistress in Moscow The "Kirov family" has an older Moscow relative - a sculpture of a Dymkovo mistress, installed in 2007 on 26 Baku Commissars Street.

At the Olympics in Sochi In 2014, at the opening of the Olympics in Sochi, among other assets of Russian art, a Dymkovo toy was presented.

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To acquaint children with the history of the Dymkovo toy; Show the characteristic features of the painting of the Dymkovo toy; Learn to highlight the elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovo painting (circles, straight lines and wavy lines, cell, dots). Develop aesthetic perception, a sense of rhythm, color. Cultivate love for the folk art of Russia

People lived in the same village. When it was cold outside and the winter frost bound the earth, stoves were lit in the houses, smoke shrouded the roofs, so much so that nothing could be seen. One smoke ... So they called that village Dymkovo. Adults worked in that village from morning until late in the evening: they dug the ground, cooked food, grazed cattle, and the children joked, played in the meadow, sang songs. They didn't have toys like you. And adults thought: how to please the kids. They collected clay from the river bank, fashioned various funny figures, burned them in an oven, covered them with chalk diluted in milk, and painted them with paints. For the “whistle” holiday, the masters of the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles in the form of horses, rams, goats, ducks. So Dymkovo toys appeared. Bright, cheerful, perky, these toys lead us to their own special, fabulously beautiful world.

Dymkovo toy handmade. Each creation of one master. From modeling to painting, the process is creative, never repeating. There are no and cannot be two identical products. Each toy is unique and unique. Clay for manufacturing was traditionally mined in the settlement of Dymkovo, which is on the low bank of the Vyatka River near the city of Kirov. The collected red clay in the settlement used to be chopped with a shovel, mixed with fine river sand - there is a huge river beach nearby. So, the clay, after mixing, was turned over many times, moistened with water. In the old days, they generally kneaded it with their feet. Now the craftswoman does not dig clay and does not knead it. The preparation of the material takes place by machine, in one of the ceramic industries. Clay comes to workshops in ready-made- polyethylene packaging-briquettes of 10 kilograms.

Each toy, from a piece of clay to a finished sculpture, is made by one master. If earlier a craftswoman spent a lot of time preparing clay and whitewash, now more attention is paid to the process of modeling and painting toys. Pieces of clay are separated and rolled into balls. Made from balloons individual parts toys. The Dymkovo toy is different in that it is made not from one piece of clay, but from several. A ball of clay is rolled into a pancake, a cone is made from the pancake - the lady's skirt is ready. It is hollow inside with walls 4-6 mm thick. The walls of the cone are leveled by turning the workpiece in their hands. Then, moistening with water, attach sausage handles, a head ball. All from small pieces of clay. All the main elements of the toy are made first. All joints are smoothed with a damp cloth. It turns out like a single whole. Then they decorate the toy with details - a kokoshnik, a clutch, a handbag, a dog, pigtails, a hat, etc.

The molded workpiece is dried for 3-5 days, sometimes longer, in air. In the old days, the toy was fired in Russian ovens. They put it directly on the firewood, or on an iron baking sheet. The clay begins to warm up and soon becomes as if transparent - it glows with an even red color in the fire. This was the end of the firing process, and the toys slowly cooled in the extinct furnace. Now toys are fired in muffle furnaces at a temperature of more than 1000 degrees. This high temperature gives the clay even more strength. The ovens are quite large and toys are loaded in batches. Again, the craftswomen do not take away precious time for uncreative processes.

After the oven, the workpiece turns brown-red. For whitewashing in the old days they used a solution of chalk in milk - they dipped the whole toy. Milk turns sour on the surface and forms a strong bright film of casein glue. Whitening is characteristic Dymkovo toys. Now whitening is done with the help of tempera white, which is applied with a brush. The final part of the process is painting. First, let's talk about the old traditional way of painting: Dry paints were rubbed with an egg, peroxide kvass or vinegar was added. The color scheme was not rich, only the main tones. Compositions from soot to magenta and chromium have been used. These paints seemed to give some of their color to the workpiece and sounded muffled. In the 20th century, they used gouache, also diluted on an egg. Now using bright acrylic paints- very resistant.

Brushes are used mostly soft, different sizes. Thin brushes allow the craftswoman to bring small details into the plot - this is not always good, as it leads to a glut of the plot. Pieces of gold leaf or gold leaf - a mixture of zinc and copper - are glued on top of the paint. They shine and give, together with bright colors, a dazzling charm to the Dymkovo toy.

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Slides captions:

Dymkovo Toy

On the wide bank of the Vyatka River, opposite the city of Kirov, lies the ancient village of Dymkovo.

The fame of the Russian painted Dymkovo toy has gone far.

For a long time, they have been modeling clay toys depicting horses, deer, ducks, turkeys, horsemen, ladies.

The Dymkovo toy is one of the oldest crafts in Russia, it has existed on the Vyatka land for more than four hundred years. The appearance of the toy is associated with the spring holiday Whistle, for which the female population of the Dymkovo settlement sculpted clay whistles.

They made funny toys out of clay and decorated them with bright patterns.

In the ornament are found mainly simple shapes: circles, dots, wavy and straight lines, cage. All colors are bright.

The revival of the craft took place in Soviet time in the 30s of the XX century and is associated with the name of A. I. Denshin, who managed to persuade hereditary craftswomen E. Penkina, E. Koshkina not to give up the craft and organize the artel "Vyatka toy"

Later, the circle expanded, and new household and fairy-tale plots were introduced into the toy.

The Vyatka River, where the village of Dymkovo is now located

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Summary of the lesson "Dymkovo toy" for children 6-7 years old

Nersesyan Naira Igorevna, educator MBDOU "Kindergarten general developmental species No. 144", Voronezh

Purpose: educators of senior and preparatory groups, primary school teachers, parents.
Target: Acquaintance of children with folk culture.
Tasks:
-Introduce the history of Dymkovo toys.
-To cultivate love and respect for the work of folk craftsmen, for the folk art of Russia.
-To consolidate children's knowledge about the process of making Dymkovo toys and the ability to talk about it.
- Build knowledge about characteristic features painting toys, the ability to create patterns according to one's own design. Learn to highlight the elements of the geometric pattern of Dymkovo painting (circles, straight and wavy lines, a cage, dots-peas). Learn to paint with Dymkovo patterns.
-Develop aesthetic perception, sense of rhythm, color, Creative skills. To deepen aesthetic knowledge of folk arts and crafts.
Preliminary work: drawing up a presentation "Dymkovo toy", original Dymkovo toys for demonstration, printed stencils on white paper (A4 format) and colored pencils.
Lesson plan:
- 1. Organizing time
2. Theoretical part. An introductory conversation about the history and process of creation with a demonstration of Dymkovo toys, paintings, presentations. Explanation of the painting sequence.
3. Final part.

Lesson progress

Educator: Guys, you all have toys, but what are they made of?
Children: Our toys are made of plastic, rubber, metal, wood, fabric.
Educator: Let's find out what toys are made in the village of Dymkoye?
Why is Dymkovo famous?
With my toy.
It has no smoky color,
And there is the love of people.
There is something of a rainbow in her,
From dew drops.
There is something of joy in her,
Thundering like bass.
(V. Feofanov)
Educator: Affectionately and affectionately, the people call this toy - haze. Where does such an amazing name come from? Let's get acquainted with Dymkovo clay toys. I was born in the large settlement Dymkovo near the city of Vyatka. In ancient times, the inhabitants of this settlement, young and old, sculpted a clay toy for the spring fair. In winter, the whole settlement is in smoke from the fact that stoves are heated, toys are burned. On cloudy days, fog spreads from the river with a light haze. Perhaps this is where the name Dymkovo came from, and the toys began to be called Dymkovo. Dymkovo toys were made for ancient holiday <Свистопляска>.Later, the fair-holiday became known as<Свистунья>. What are these toys, let's see?

Through mountain ranges
Through the rooftops of the villages
red-horned, yellow-horned
Clay deer rushes.

Here is a smart turkey,
He's all so good
At the big turkey
All painted sides.
Look, a magnificent tail, He is not at all simple,
Like a sunny flower
Yes, scallop.

The Dymkovo young lady is all in orange, gold, scarlet and green patterns.

Look how good
This soul girl
Scarlet cheeks are burning
Amazing outfit.

Even the horses are in festive attire.

Clay horses rush
On stands that there are forces.
And they won't hold on to the tail
If the mane missed.

Educator: What do all these toys have in common?
Children: For all toys bright colors, all on a white background, covered with beautiful patterns.
Educator: And what do you think, what paint is first covered with a toy?
Children: White. On a white background, the patterns stand out well and beautifully..
Educator: Can you guess where the masters got the white color from?
Children: They took from the snow, from winter. Toys were sculpted in winter!!!
Educator: That's right. The masters took the white background from snow-covered fields, when in winter everything around is white and white. In those places, the winter is long, and there is a lot of snow. The craftsmen want to make the toy as clean and white as snow. Why are they bright?

Children: Because they were made for the holiday, so they were painted with bright colors.
Educator: What colors did the masters use to paint toys?
Children: They used bright colors: red, blue, crimson, yellow, orange, green.
Educator: What patterns do you see on toys?
Children: On the toys there are circles, dots, lines, cells, stripes, curves, waves, squares, rings, ovals.

Educator: What images can be seen in Dymkovo toys?
Children: Horse, cockerel, deer, ram, young lady.
Educator: The most common plots are: nannies with children, water carriers, rams with golden horns, turkeys, roosters, deer and, of course, young people, buffoons, ladies.

Educator: Let's find out how a toy is made?

(Children watch the video on the interactive whiteboard, the teacher talks in parallel).
A lot of work needs to be invested in order to make the toy so elegant. It is born three times. The first time it is born when it is molded from red clay. Modeling traces are smoothed out to give the product a smooth and neat surface. The toy must be burned to make it durable. The toy becomes hot from strong heat, and when it cools down, the clay becomes ringing and strong. So the toy is born a second time. There is a trial by fire. And when is the third time born?
Children: The toy is born for the third time when it is whitewashed and painted with paints.
Educator: Then it is whitened with chalk, diluted milk, and painted. Sometimes pieces of gold leaf are stuck on top of the pattern, giving even more elegance to the toy. So it is born for the third time. Beautiful bright, elegant toys are sold at the fair. Making a toy, from modeling to painting, is a process unique and creative, never repeating. There are no and cannot be two absolutely identical products. Each toy is unique, one and only.