The child says the letter sh. Speech therapy exercises for children

One can understand the excitement of parents who suddenly discover that their child is a preschooler poorly or does not pronounce certain sounds of his native language at all. In this case, they face the problem of how to teach the child the correct sound pronunciation? Is this acceptable at home? Experts say that parents can do a lot to help a preschooler master the correct sound pronunciation. You just need to have certain knowledge: about the causes of poor pronunciation, ways of correcting, ways of teaching correct diction.

Reasons for bad sound

According to speech therapy standards correct pronunciation should form to the average preschool age. However, even in older preschoolers there are violations of diction. Experts cite data that the most difficult thing for children is to pronounce hissing sounds: w, w, h, u. The imperfection of diction can manifest itself in the incorrect pronunciation of a sound, the replacement of one with another (machine-masyn), its omission. Experts identify the main causes of poor pronunciation. These include building speech apparatus, insufficient , perception, attitude of parents.

Features of physiology

immobility of the articulatory apparatus;
malformed bite,
short frenulum of the tongue,
high palate.

Unformed phonemic perception

the preschooler does not distinguish individual sounds by ear, replaces them.

Adult Misbehavior

too much long time give a pacifier to the baby, especially during the period when the formation of speech occurs (early age);
prolonged use of the pacifier leads to the formation of malocclusion, which affects the pronunciation of many sounds, especially hissing;
deliberate distortion of speech by adults in order, in their opinion, to become understandable to the baby;
dissatisfaction with the preschooler's diction and the requirement to speak clearly, without teaching correct articulation;
possible hearing loss not noticed by the parents.

How can I check the speech of a preschooler at home?

Having determined that a preschooler does not know how to speak hissing, parents should contact a specialist. At home, they can also examine the child's speech to understand which hissing sounds are distorted. According to speech therapy rules, the examination begins with a separate pronunciation of a certain sound, then it is pronounced in syllables, words, and only then in sentences. For example:

The parent, inviting the child to reproduce the hissing w, w, h, u, slowly and distinctly pronounces them. It is more interesting to offer a playful form in the form of speech exercises: “The snake hissed: shhh”, “The bee buzzed: fzhzh”.
To check the state of sound in the syllables, the baby is encouraged to repeat syllables, for example, shi-zhi, cha-scha, zhu-shu, chu-shu, ash-already, ach-ashch, cabbage soup, choo, shoo, vzhik. In this case, the tested sounds should be at the beginning of the syllable, in the middle, at the end.
The next step is to check the pronunciation of the sound in words. For interest, pictures are used where objects are drawn for a given sound (cone, giraffe, hut, teapot, pike, and others). In this case, you can use speech therapy visual material, or you can pick up pictures in children's books with your child. The main thing is that they match certain rules: hissing should sound clearly in words, stand at the beginning of a word, middle, end (fur coat, car, reed). Words with other hissing words are selected according to the same principle: beetle, gun, skis, etc. It is good if the examination takes place in the form of gaming exercises. For example, “How to call affectionately (bird-bird, goat-goat, beetle-bug, winter-winter, sun-sun)? »
The last stage involves checking the sound in a sentence in which several words with a checked hiss are selected. This purpose is well served by tongue twisters, for example, “Hush, mice, do not make noise! Do not wake up a cat with a cat!” Suitable for examination of hissing classic ones: “Sasha was walking ...”, “Cuckoo cuckoo ...”

Important! When examining a child, you need to try to determine the cause of the incorrect pronunciation in order to understand what influenced the distortion of diction.

The order of setting hissing

If a child suffers from poor pronunciation of only a certain hissing (w, h, w, u), it is clear that you need to work on staging one sound. But, as a rule, preschoolers distort the pronunciation of several hissing sounds at the same time. Then it is important for parents to know with what sound, first of all, to start. Experts determine the appropriate order and warn that each sound must be set individually, starting with the most accessible, gradually moving on to more complex ones. According to speech therapists, the order of staging several sounds depends on the physiology of preschoolers: first, a hissing sh is put, then w, then h and sh. However, there may be changes in the staging sequence, as everything depends on individual features which only a specialist can determine.

How to work on the formation of sounds?

When staging hissing, the help of a speech therapist is undeniable. Only a specialist professionally examines speech, identifies violations and offers recommendations for correcting them at home. This must be done as quickly as possible, since violations in pronunciation interfere with the communication of children, hinder the preparation for literacy, and contribute to the emergence of related problems, for example, psychological complexes, which will have to be eliminated in the future.

Speech therapists note that often the problem with pronouncing hissing sounds is that the child cannot properly use the speech apparatus. That is why work on each sound must begin with. Perform it with a mirror to see and understand the work of the jaw, oral cavity. In the future, this will have a positive effect on the improvement of phonemic hearing, and therefore on sound pronunciation.

The first stage of work on the hissing is preparatory, during which special exercises should be performed (for breathing, lips, tongue). They will help to work out the exact movements of the articulatory apparatus, to prepare for the production of certain sounds. They are performed in the form of game exercises that are easy to carry out at home.

Stage 1. Breathing training

Articulatory gymnastics involves practicing the movements of the lips and tongue. For her, parents can use generally accepted speech therapy games, or they can come up with similar ones themselves. To interest a preschooler, he can be involved in the preparation of such games: cut out light paper snowflakes, propellers for airplanes, boats, colorful autumn leaves. The main thing is that the adult himself is passionate about the process, then the child will also be interested in doing the exercises.

Tasks for the development of breathing

"Kick the ball into the goal", a game of unusual football. Gates are built in the center of the table, cotton balls are made. Players from both sides blow on cotton balls so that they fly into the goal. An adult monitors the correct articulation actions of the child: a wide smile, a tongue on the lower lip.
"Snowflakes on the nose". Invite the preschooler to blow the cotton ball out of his nose with the correct movements of the jaw: a wide smile, a tongue on the upper lip, blow it so that the lump flies up.
Similarly, the games "Snowstorm", "Leaves are flying", "Ships", "Airplanes" are held.

Stage 2. Gymnastics for the articulatory apparatus

Lip exercises

To warm up the lips, you can use speech therapy exercises:

"We'll be surprised, we'll laugh." The preschooler alternately makes a wide and narrow tube with his lips. The wide tube is in the “o” state, the “narrow” one is in the “y” state. Nothing is said aloud, only the lips work.
"Tube-smile". Alternately, the child then smiles broadly, then makes a movement with his lips like the sound “o”.

Language exercises

Classical exercises are also used to train the language:

“Delicious jam”, in which the lower lip is licked with the tongue either to the left or to the right.
For the “Rocking Horse” exercise, you need to “click” with your tongue, imitating the step of a horse.
"Elephant - frog": lips alternately imitate either the trunk of an elephant, or the smile of a frog.
"Funny swing": with the tip of the tongue, reach the upper teeth, then lower to the lower ones.
"Tick-tock": with the tip of the tongue, imitating the movements of the clock, move left and right at different speeds.
“Paints”: “paint the sky” with a tongue.

All exercises are performed up to 10 times, but it is necessary to ensure that the baby does not get tired and engages with interest.

A preschooler will quickly master the correct pronunciation of hissing with a clear conduct preparatory phase, so they should not be neglected. The length of these sessions will depend on individual development child, the state of his articulatory apparatus. Experts advise extending them if there is no improvement after three sessions.

Stage 3. Work on the production of hissing

Important! To stage a hissing sound in a preschooler, an adult should carefully examine the position of the lips and tongue with the help of a mirror with proper articulation, only then teach the child.

The next stage, which involves the production of hissing, requires an established order: first, the sound is fixed in syllables, words, and lastly in sentences. To do this, you can use different methods:

Repetition of tongue twisters, tongue twisters, proverbs, learning small poems in which there are hissing sounds. To reinforce the free use of sound in speech, parents can encourage children to tell stories, make up short texts based on pictures, personal experience children.
If work on sound pronunciation begins with a hissing "sh", then staging the sound "sh" involves the active involvement of preschool children in games to form phonemic perception, for example, "Butterfly". Children clap their hands ("catches a butterfly") when they hear desired sound in words (toy, baby, tire, potato).
In order to produce the sound “zh”, you can offer the preschooler to clap at words with the sound “sh”, raise his hands up at the words with the sound “g” (reed, beetle, mouse, buzzes).
It is easy to learn to speak the sound "u" if the sound "sh" is already well placed. Parents can use the production of "u" by imitation, similar to games with the sound "sh" (puppy, sorrel, looking for). The game “Exaggeration” helps a lot: an adult throws a ball with a certain word, a preschooler “returns” the word in an exaggerated form (eyes-eyes, cat-cat, mustache-mustache, teeth-teeth).
With older preschoolers, parents can play the game “Guess where the sound is?”, For which you need to pick up words with hissing in different positions. To maintain interest, selected different color cards denoting the beginning of a word, the middle, the end. Then preschoolers need to concentrate and not confuse the colors.
Word creation is widely used for sound pronunciation. The game "Tell the Phrase" is very popular with children, while the staging of sounds and general development speech. The adult comes up with a syllable, the child adds a sentence to the rhyme:

Ms. Ms.
We caught the snake.
Sha-sha-sha
Mom feeds the baby.
Cha-cha-cha
Here is our cottage.
scha-scha-scha,
Birch Grove.

Similarly, phrases with other syllables are invented.

Setting the sounds of the native language is necessary not only for the development correct speech but also for the formation of the personality of preschoolers. If children have good sound pronunciation, then they will be able to master the program without much difficulty. kindergarten, school material.

Video with articulatory gymnastics for a clear pronunciation of hissing sounds (w, w, w, h):

We teach the child to pronounce the problematic sounds l, r, w, w, k without a speech therapist. Setting the sound "p" in 15 seconds. Free classes and rules for organizing them at home with mom. Logopedic gymnastics.

A clear, beautiful and diverse speech of a child is a natural desire of any mother. Do not panic if by the age of 3.5 the baby does not speak all the letters. But problems with the pronunciation of sounds in the age range of 4-5 years are a reason to think about the presence of defects.
Incorrect pronunciation of the letter "l" - the most common problem in children's speech. Very often, kids try to replace a hard sound with a soft one, or insert a “v” sound into a word. Less commonly, there is a replacement of the solid sound “l” with “th”, as well as its skipping.
This process can be caused by a number of reasons:

Imitation of incorrect speech of an adult environment
Problems with the speech apparatus
Congenital or acquired hearing impairments
Psychologically difficult atmosphere in the family

Before you panic and "drag" children to a speech therapist and psychologist, you should try to cope with this complexity on your own.

Remember! Each preschooler has an individual pace of development and assimilation of information. In most cases, boys are slightly behind girls.

Is it so difficult to teach a child to pronounce sounds on their own?

Organizing home speech therapy classes to set the correct pronunciation on your own is quite simple. The most important condition that must be followed is to conduct them in the form of a game. The kid should be interested. In no case should he be pressured, otherwise interest in the lessons will simply disappear.
Children need to be given information in a dosed manner. It is better to start with 4-5 sessions per week for 10-15 minutes, gradually increasing the frequency and amount of exercises.
How to teach a child to pronounce sounds in front of a mirror? The baby must see what is happening with his mouth, how his lips behave and at the same time follow his mother. It is recommended to arrange a fairly comfortable place and hang a mirror so that the son or daughter can see his reflection freely, in a sitting position.

Important! Praise the child for every, even minor success, it is necessary!

Any lesson in orthoepy (correct literary pronunciation) must begin with a warm-up of the speech apparatus, that is, articulatory gymnastics.
The simplest and most effective of them:

"smile". We ask the baby to smile as widely as possible, but you do not need to show your teeth. Hold the lips in this position at the expense of 5
"pipe". The kid stretches his lips forward with a tube and holds in this position at the expense of 5
"fence". The child smiles and shows the upper and lower row of teeth. Duration - on account 5
"behemoth". Open your mouth wide, as when yawning, and hold it for up to 5 seconds
"snake". Stick out and hide the sharp tongue between tightly compressed lips. Repeat 5-7 times
"shovel". A wide, maximally relaxed tongue, put on the lower lip and hold for up to 3 seconds. Two repetitions in a row
"hours". We stick out the tongue and move it left and right for 3 seconds
"swing". The mouth is wide open, the tongue moves up and down. The duration of the exercise is 3-5 seconds
"brushing teeth" The mouth is open wide and the tongue is drawn along inner surface upper, and then lower teeth, from left to right and vice versa

The duration of the warm-up is usually 10 minutes and helps to train and at the same time relax the speaking muscles of the face. Sometimes, the methodical repetition of such classes for a month eliminates many of the child's problems with pronunciation and deprives the primary speech defects forever. After such a charge, it is worth starting to stage this or that sound.

K is a horse. We pronounce the letter "k" with the child

Cappacism - this name is a violation of the pronunciation of the sounds "k", "k´". This is a back language group of sounds. When played, it suggests a high rise of the root of the tongue. The “fun wrestler” exercise will help train him. The child opens his mouth and tries to push out forefinger adult with the tip of the tongue, while pronouncing ta-ta-ta. The more resistance the tongue experiences, the faster it will become a slide at the base. This will automatically result in the transformation of "t" into "k". Of course, the hands of an adult must first be washed and treated with alcohol. The exercise must be performed gradually, starting with low pressure, to avoid a gag reflex.

L - lama. Teaching a child to pronounce the letter "l"

The correct pronunciation of the sound "l" is one of the simplest speech therapy tasks. The place of registration of this sound is at the tip of the tongue in the position “behind the upper teeth”.
In order to put it, you need to place the tongue between the front teeth and lightly pinch. Then pronounce lingering “s-s-s” with a sharp pull of the tongue back. To consolidate the effect, you need to try to combine the resulting sound "l" with the vowels "a", "o", "e", etc. That's all!

Sh - scarf. We teach the child to pronounce the letter "sh"

The opening of the sound "sh" at home occurs through the strengthening of the muscles of the lips. Not every preschooler can do this at first. First you need to perform the “tube” and “smile” exercises from the warm-up complex with a crumb. You need to start with a pace on the count of three, gradually increasing the speed of alternately changing the position of the lips. You can connect other ways to train the labial muscles.
The next step is to establish the correct position of the tongue near the upper palate. To do this, you can invite the child to imitate the sound of a horse's hooves. Next - to show how the wind blows on a dandelion. All positions from the complex are recommended to be performed sequentially, for 3-5 seconds each.
The pronunciation is fixed through the fixation of a flat, relaxed tongue near the palate with its simultaneous reproduction.
Sometimes the method of physical influence, which experienced speech therapists like to use, helps. Simple wooden stick the child is helped to hold the tongue against the palate. At the same time, he is asked to forcefully blow the air out of his mouth. The sound "sh" is produced automatically.

J is a giraffe. We teach the child to pronounce the voiced letter "g"

The mechanism for opening the sound “zh” in a child occurs approximately according to the same principle as “sh”, but loudly. The correct position of the speech apparatus in this case: a relaxed tongue is at the top with a bucket, the teeth are in the fence position, the lips are forward, the larynx is tense. We're trying to get the right sound.

R - frame. Difficult mission, but real! Learning how to pronounce the letter "r"

As a rule, speech therapists put this sound last, because it is quite difficult to pronounce. The main task is to rid the child of the habit of reproducing the letter with his throat in order to avoid the "burry" effect.
In a playful way, the baby is invited to stick the tongue to the palate and ask to forcefully exhale air at its tip for 10 seconds. Children repeat this exercise with pleasure, because it tickles so funny in the mouth. To consolidate the skill of correctly pronouncing the letter p, the baby can be offered to roar like a lion. If you repeat this game often enough, after a while you can forget about the problem of burr forever.

The best exercises for children - pronounce letters together: video

Has it happened that the child does not pronounce the letters? The video will clearly help with this.

The science of the shortcomings of speech, which studies how to eliminate them, as well as special exercises for the language - speech therapy. Not only children, but also adults turn to this science in order to pronounce sounds correctly and beautifully and be successful in any business where you need to convince, inspire, share information with other people. To correct speech defects, regular speech therapy exercises for children and adults are used.

Some parents experience speech problems with their children

In our article you will find helpful tips and for yourself on acquiring the skills of correct articulation, as well as a lot of valuable techniques for correcting the pronunciation of sounds by your children.

In order to achieve high results in business and have the ability to persuade, it is necessary not only to speak fluently, but also to express your thoughts clearly and legibly. Not everyone immediately manages to master this science, so there are various practices to improve skills.

Speech therapy exercises for adults

Slurred speech is also observed in adults, so ask your friends if you have any flaws in pronunciation. You can simply record a few phrases on the recorder, and then carefully listen to your voice.

There are speech therapy exercises for adults, the main of which is the memorization and study of tongue twisters. If it is better for children to offer in a playful way, then it is enough for adults to give a task to practice the skill.

So everyone must follow following rules during training:

read the tongue twister 3-4 times;
repeat it slowly, speaking clearly and distinctly;
when everything comes out to pronounce correctly, you can speed up the pace;
it is important to pronounce all sounds with high quality, and not quickly;
short tongue twisters need to be spoken in one breath.

For adults and for kids, the same tasks are suitable:

clack your tongue, depict how a horse gallops;
smile, and try to reach the palate with your tongue;
imagine that you are licking honey from your lips without touching the corners of your lips;
press the tongue between the teeth and move it up and down.

To make sure that the tasks performed are correct, use the mirror. To track progress, read an excerpt from a story with an expression or a poem, paying attention to all punctuation marks.

Speech therapy exercises for children

All speech therapy exercises for children should be performed unnoticed by the baby, so that all this is a serene pastime in a playful way.

You can come up with comic names for each task, because the child loves associations, sometimes the most unexpected. So, the guys will like things like "Horse", "Chickens".

Having identified the problematic sounds, you can choose certain exercises to correct the problem.

Completing tasks contributes to the development of the baby's articulation apparatus, allows you to remove pronunciation flaws, and form the necessary speech skills.

"Gate": you need to open your mouth wide to relax your lips, repeat 6 times.
"Scapula": put the tongue on the lower lip.
"Vase": put the tongue on the upper lip, repeat 5 times.
"Ball": inflate one or the other cheek, as if a ball is rolling in the mouth.

The pronunciation of the baby will be clear if you take words from big amount consonants: plate, girlfriend, foreign tourist, karateka, bunch, bed, mug, jump. They need to be spoken daily and trained to hear every sound.

Speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds

Children often fail to pronounce the hissing words correctly for a long time, sometimes they need to train until school. It is good if the environment of the child speaks and can correct the pronunciation of the baby. Consider which speech therapy exercises for hissing sounds are most relevant. They are suitable for both adults and kids, if such problems exist.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter zh

It is important to know what to do when articulating. So, first we round the lips and round them, the teeth do not close, the edges of the tongue are pressed against the teeth, and it forms a bucket. We exhale air with the addition of a voice when pronouncing a hissing f.

Here are the main speech therapy exercises for the letter zh:

"Accordion" to strengthen the muscles of the tongue in a vertical position: open your mouth, smile, and press your tongue against the palate. Open and close your mouth 5 times.
"Pie": open your mouth and smile, twist your tongue, lifting the edges. Count to 15 and then repeat.

Lessons to correct a defect in the pronunciation of sound

They can also be used when practicing the pronunciation of other sibilants.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound h

There are also speech therapy exercises for the sound h:

"Fungus" for stretching the hyoid frenulum: the mouth is open, the lips are stretched, and the tongue touches the palate so that its edges are pressed tightly. Repeating, you need to open your mouth wider.
"Focus": stick out the tongue, smiling, lift the tip, blow off the cotton wool from the nose. Repeat 5-6 times.

Such exercises help strengthen the muscles of the tongue and develop its mobility, which is useful when pronouncing hissing.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter sh

There are also speech therapy exercises for the letter sh:

"Cup": put the tongue on the lower lip, and then lift it up and hold for a few seconds. Repeat 8 times.
"Football": stretch your lips with a tube and blow on a cotton ball in the shape of a ball, trying to get into an impromptu goal.

Sound troubleshooting

These tasks should be performed during the games every day, so that the child's articulation apparatus develops and pronunciation improves.

Speech therapy exercises for consonants

Often, both adults and children have difficulty pronouncing certain consonants, so speech therapy exercises for consonant sounds are needed to correct speech.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter l

Consider now speech therapy exercises for the letter l:

"Train whistle": Stick out your tongue and hoot loudly.
“Song of the tongue”: you need to bite your tongue and sing “lek-lek-lek”.
"Painter": you need to press your tongue with your teeth and move it up and down, as if painting a house.

Practicing movements for the correct pronunciation of the sound l

If the training is intended for children, then you can come up with a game in which you will need to complete these tasks.

Speech therapy exercises for the letter c

Let us now analyze speech therapy exercises for the letter c:

show how the pump inflates the wheel;
depict how the wind blows;
convey how the balloon blows off;
show what you hear when you blow into a bottle with a narrow neck.

In order to bring the child closer to understanding what they want from him, put a toothpick on his tongue and ask him to press it with his teeth, smile and blow out the air.

Speech therapy exercises for the sound r

Let's find out speech therapy exercises for the sound r, which is the most problematic for all children:

“Brushing your teeth”: you need to drive the tongue over the teeth inside in different directions.
"Musician": open your mouth, drum your tongue on the alveoli, pronouncing "d-d-d", resembling a drum roll. You can check the correctness of the execution by holding a piece of paper to your mouth. It should move from the air flow.
"Dove": you need to drive the tongue along the upper lip back and forth, copy the bird "bl-bl-bl".

Training for the language of the correct pronunciation of the sound r

These training tasks help to overcome the most difficult sound for kids, as the articulatory apparatus will be more mobile. Following this, you can begin to select words with the letter r.

Speech therapy exercises for sound t

Sometimes simple sounds are difficult for people to pronounce correctly when it is difficult to understand the meaning of a word or even a statement. These problems must be dealt with. And here are the most effective speech therapy exercises for the sound t:

the tip of the tongue touches the upper teeth and say "t-t-t";
imitating a knock-knock hammer or a tick-tick clock;
we walk with the baby along the road, repeating “top-top-top”;
learning the tongue twister "Dust flies across the field from the clatter of hooves."

How to do exercises for the correct pronunciation of the sound t

It will also be useful to repeat these exercises every day in order for the training to be effective. Keep track of what your baby is listening to, as speech is formed depending on how we perceive sounds by ear. Make sure that all family members do not "lisp" and do not use words in a diminutive form in front of the baby.

Speech therapy exercises for stuttering

All speech therapy exercises for stuttering are aimed at developing fluency of speech. Try to relax the baby before classes, use playful forms of work that are most appropriate for children.

Let's get acquainted with the most necessary tasks in such a situation:

Read the poem to calm music without words, at first small, and over time complicate the task.
Clap your hands for the vowel sounds that occur in the word.
"Conductor": chant a few words, syllables, vowel sounds, focusing on waving your hands and observing the rhythm.
"Carousel": you need to walk in a circle, repeating the phrase "We are fun carousels opa-opa-opa-pa-pa."

Remember that it is imperative to pay attention to speech breathing during classes. Start each session gradually and smoothly, and then you can pick up the pace if you are doing well.

Problems with speech and articulation are solved with time and through daily training, willpower and motivation.

We wish you success!

Growing up, our children are increasingly replenishing their lexicon. The need to talk is growing with each passing day. Unfortunately, most kids have problems with the pronunciation of individual sounds. Is it possible to teach a baby to pronounce sounds correctly at home, or will a speech therapist need help to eliminate speech defects?

What causes mispronunciation?

The most common mistake adults make when communicating with their child is imitating his speech. We lisp with a little man, often distorting the words. It turns out that our speech descends to the level of a baby. Instead of talking to young children as best as possible, pronouncing all the sounds and letters clearly, we deliberately make our speech obscure.

Since the child does not hear the correct speech from you, he will not be able to remember and repeat it. Therefore, in order for the baby to learn to speak correctly, your speech must be clear and legible.

The reason for the incorrect reproduction of individual sounds may be a feature of the structure of the speech apparatus

The ligament under the tongue is shorter than it should be, making it difficult for it to move.
Normal speech is hindered by the size of the tongue (too small or, on the contrary, large).
Very thin or, on the contrary, plump lips, which makes their articulation difficult.
Deviations in the structure of the teeth or jaw.
A defect in the hearing aid that does not allow you to hear some sounds, and, therefore, to pronounce them correctly.

Some speech defects can be easily corrected by parents. The baby experiences the main difficulties when pronouncing hissing sounds - Zh, Ch, Sh, Shch, the letters P, as well as Z, G, K, L, S and C.

How to help your child pronounce hissing sounds?

Teaching a baby to pronounce the letters Zh, Ch, Sh, and Sh is a little easier than, for example, the letter R. Most often, children have a problem with the pronunciation of hissing Zh and Sh. At the same time, the sound Sh still does not hurt the ear as much as the incorrectly pronounced Zh .

Usually the problem with hissing occurs due to the fact that the baby is unable to relax the tongue and stretch it so that the edges touch the upper side teeth.

Therefore, the baby must be taught a few simple exercises.

Let's relax the tongue . Put the tongue on the lower teeth, like a pancake, and tap on it with the upper ones, while saying “Ta-ta-ta”. After that, the tongue should lie down relaxed. Then you need to slap it with your upper lip and say "Pa-pa-pa."
Lifting the tip of the tongue up . To complete the task, you need a chewing candy or gum (it will be a good motivation for the baby). It is necessary that he opens his mouth 2-3 cm, spread the tongue over the lower lip, sticking out its tip. Put a piece of candy on it and ask the child to stick it to the sky behind the upper teeth. Make sure that the baby only uses the tongue, and does not use the jaw.
Blowing air through the middle of the tongue . Place a small piece of cotton on the table. Let the baby smile and position the tongue as in the previous task. The task of the baby is to blow off the fleece to the other end of the table without puffing out the cheeks. At the same time, he must pronounce a semblance of the letter F.
Blowing cotton from the nose . The child opens his mouth, lays the tongue so that a groove is formed in the middle of it, and the edges almost converge. We put a piece of cotton wool on the nose, the Kid should take a deep breath in through the nose and exhale sharply through the mouth. At the same time, cotton wool should fly up.
We pronounce the sounds Zh and Sh . Ask the baby to pronounce the syllable SA, the tongue should be behind the teeth at this time. Then you need to move the tongue deeper into the mouth. As we move towards the alveoli, the sound from C turns into Sh. To get the sound Zh, we repeat the exercises, first pronouncing the syllable ZA.
More words with F and W . Remember or come up with rhymes or tongue twisters, where the letters Zh and Sh are often found in words. Repeat them with the baby several times.
Pronounce the letter H . If the baby has an increased tone of the tongue, at first it will be more difficult for him to cope with the exercise. The sound CH consists of TH and SC. First, the tongue should hit the alveoli, pronouncing TH, and then relax, passing the sound SC through the crack. These two sounds, first slowly and then faster, should merge into one H. After several trainings, the baby will succeed !

Practice your pronunciation with different little rhymes. For example:

There were jackdaws visiting wolf cubs,
There were wolf cubs visiting the jackdaws,
Now the cubs are clamoring like jackdaws,
And like wolf cubs, jackdaws are silent.

Learning to pronounce the letter R

The baby begins to pronounce the letter R well only by the age of 5-6 years. If your baby has not yet reached this age, do not panic ahead of time.

There are usually some problems associated with the letter R.

The little man does not pronounce the growling sound at all , he just falls out of his word. This happens when the letter R is located between vowels. For example, the garage sounds like "ha - already."
The kid replaces the sound P with L, S or Y . It turns out instead of a rose - "vine", red - "red", forty - "soyok".
The kid pronounces the sound R, but not the way it should sound in Russian . It either vibrates, like the English, or grasses, which is typical for the French.

You can correct the shortcomings in the pronunciation of the letter P by doing some exercises. And it is better to perform them while sitting and keeping your back straight. In this case, the child should see himself in the mirror.

So he can track how well he is doing the task.

Sail . The child needs to open his mouth wide, and lift the tip of the tongue by the upper teeth. The lower part of the tongue is slightly bent forward, and the edges are pressed up to the molars. Repeat this 3 times in a row for 10 seconds.
horse . It is necessary to firmly press the tongue to the palate, and then abruptly release it. This will produce a sound reminiscent of the clatter of hooves. Repeat the task at least 10-15 times.
Turkey . Depict an angry turkey with a crumb. The child should throw the tongue out of the mouth, sticking it between the teeth. In this case, you need to pronounce sounds similar to “bl-bl”. The task is carried out in slow pace, gradually speeding it up.
Let's bite the tongue . Stick the end of the tongue out, and stretch the mouth in a smile. Then slowly bite your tongue with your teeth.
We clean our teeth . The baby needs to smile broadly and move the tip of the tongue along the inner wall of the upper teeth, without moving the lower jaw.
Who is longer. Invite the baby to compare who has a longer tongue. Will he be able to reach his chin or the tip of his nose with it.
Woodpecker . You need to open your mouth wide and tap your tongue hard on the inside of the gums near the upper teeth. At this time, you need to say "d-d-d."

So that the child does not get tired of numerous exercises, take breaks by inviting him to roar like a lion. To consolidate the emerging successes, you can additionally learn tongue twisters and words with the baby that contain the letter R.

We pronounce the letters Z, C and C correctly

When a child does not pronounce the letter C, at the same time he cannot pronounce the other whistling letters and syllables - З, Ц, Зб, СЬ. The reason for this is an underdeveloped articulatory apparatus.

Special exercises will also help to correct the situation.

Get the ball into the goal . The purpose of this task is to learn how to release a long directed stream of air. Make a gate out of cubes or other toys on the table. Roll up a loose cotton ball. The kid should, having folded his lips with a tube, blow on the ball and drive it into the gate. When performing the exercise, you can not puff out your cheeks, and the blown air should go in one long stream, without interruptions.
Tongue song . Opening the mouth, it is necessary to place the tongue on the lower lip. Then you need to spank with sponges - "pya-pya-pya" (the tongue sings). At the same time, the air comes out in a smooth stream, without interruption. Then, with your mouth wide open, hold the soft tongue on the lower lip so that it does not tuck. It is necessary that the edges of the tongue touch the corners of the mouth.
pancake . It is important to teach the baby to relax the tongue. To do this, he must smile, put the front edge of the tongue on the lower lip. The smile should not be tense, and the tongue should only hang slightly from the sponge.
We clean our teeth . The exercise is similar to the task for the letter P, only we will clean not the upper, but the lower teeth.

The letter Z is a pair for the letter C, so they are staging it in the same way as the sound C.

The sound Ts consists of two sounds - T and C, which quickly move from one to the other. It is important to teach the baby to separate one sound from another. Ask the baby to say first a long sound “shhh”, and then short “shhh, shhh, shhh”. As a result, the baby will get the sound C.

What about K and G?

The sounds K, G and X are posterior lingual, which implies a high rise of the tongue during their pronunciation. When a child does not pronounce these letters, most often his tongue is simply lazy (with the exception of congenital pathologies that only doctors can correct). To make the tongue work, you need to do exercises.

Rolling down the hill . Place a cotton ball on your baby's palm. The kid should slightly open his mouth, and hold the root of the tongue in an elevated position, and lower its tip. Then you need to quickly exhale so as to blow off the cotton wool from the palm of your hand. Get a K sound.

spoon . Ask your child to slowly say “ta-ta-ta”. Take a teaspoon and carefully move your tongue away by pressing on the front of its back. Instead of “ta”, the crumbs will first get “cha”, and then “kya”. Continuing to put pressure on the tongue, catch the moment when the baby gets a clean “ka”. He needs to remember what position his tongue was in at that moment. Don't worry if it doesn't work right away.

Regardless of which letter pronunciation exercises you do with your baby, repeat with him as many words, rhymes or songs with this letter as possible after class.

There are children who cannot pronounce words with the “sh” sound. They say about such children that they lisp. This speech defect can cause ridicule from other children, because with such a sound, words are like a hiss, their meaning is distorted.

Causes of violation of the pronunciation of the sound sh

The absence, distortion of the sound “sh” in speech is called sigmatism. If it is replaced by other sounds, for example, from the word "hat" it turns out "slipper", this is called parasigmatism. There are 7 reasons why automation of the “sh” sound does not occur:

, in which words with the sound “sh” are obtained with a touch of lisp. This is explained by a shortened sublingual frenulum, which is why the tongue does not reach the palate or by the narrowness of this very palate.
Lateral sigmatism: instead of a solid “sh” sound, it turns out to be clapping. Difficulties with pronunciation arise from an open lateral bite, a weakness on one side of the tongue muscles, which occurs in children.
Nasal sigmatism: it is difficult for a child to pronounce it due to tension in the back of the tongue muscle, therefore it turns out an “x” with a nasal pronunciation.
Labiodental parasismatism: “sh” is replaced by “f”. It is difficult for babies with malocclusion to pronounce the sound “sh”. Also, distortion occurs due to a violation of phonemic hearing of a reduced tone of the language.
Dental parasigmatism: substitution of the letter “sh” for “t”. The reasons are the same as with labio-tooth parasigmatism.
Hissing and whistling parasigmatism - solid sounds change to soft ones or instead of “sh” they pronounce “s”, “h”.

Setting the sound sh

The production of the “sh” sound, namely, the correction of the “sh” sound profile, depends on the reasons for which this happens. Sometimes the correct articulation of the sound Ш occurs after a visit to the orthodontist, who, with the help of orthodontic structures, expands the upper palate and corrects the bite. If the teeth are normal or the pronunciation has not improved after the intervention of the dentist, speech therapy exercises are needed. They are based on the development of the correct articulatory structure of the sound “sh”.

Correct articulation

To set the sound Ш, it is important to understand how the language should be placed:

it should be wide with a raised front edge towards the top;
a gap should form between the tongue and the palate at the upper incisors;
at the same time, the lateral edges are in close contact with the molars of the upper jaw.

An important condition is the absolute symmetry of the language. The position of the lips is also important: they should form a funnel.

Articulation gymnastics

An individual speech therapy lesson begins with. Articulation exercises delight children. We put the sound sh by playing:

Behemoth: Open your mouth wide, count to five, then close.

"Frog": stretch the mouth in a smile without changing the position of the teeth.

"Tubule": stretch the lips with a tube, hold them.

"Pancake": put a wide, relaxed tongue on the lower lip.

“Jam”: lick the upper lip with a wide tongue in the shape of a cup.

“Brush”: drive the tongue across the sky, from the teeth to the throat.

Breathing exercises

In the field of a complex of articulation exercises, the child is offered to perform breathing exercises in a playful way:

"Air football": put a cotton ball on the table and offer to score a goal with an air jet from the mouth. For this, the lips are folded into a tube, and the cheeks are not involved. Before you teach your child this exercise, you need to hold your cheeks with your fingers so that he does it on one even exhalation.

“The butterfly sat on a flower”: cut out flowers and butterflies from colored cardboard, connect them with a thread. Blow the butterflies off the flowers with a jet of air.

Sound automation sh

An individual lesson on automating the sound Ш begins with the child being asked to say what the letter Ш looks like, what pictures with its images will help with.

Further, automation classes are built in the following sequence: put the sound in isolation, then automation of the sound Ш in syllables, then comes the pronunciation of words, sentences with the sound Ш, and at the end they learn speech therapy verses, tongue twisters, tongue twisters.

Automation of sound in syllables, in words, phrases, sentences

For preschoolers, sound production classes become interesting and expected if the speech therapy lesson is started in a playful way. For example, offer to find the letter “sh” in the picture, tell a funny rhyme about the letter “sh”.

Automation in syllables begins with the pronunciation of those combinations where “sh” comes first: sha, sho, shu.

After mastering, there are reverse syllables - ash, ush, etc.

Then syllables, closed and open type associated with other sounds: shto, jester, staff.

Words starting with the letter “w” are the next step. You need to train the pronunciation of words with the sound “sh” at the end and in the middle.

The sh sound in phrases.

The sh sound in sentences: start with short sentences and work your way up to more complex ones.

If the child is already reading, an abstract can serve as a working material. individual lessons, namely, his fragment with syllables and words, so that he reads them on his own.

Automation in poetry, proverbs, tongue twisters, riddles

There are many funny poems, nursery rhymes, proverbs and tongue twisters that will help to achieve the automation of this sound.

Poems:

Pure tongues:

Sound strengthening games

Speech therapists have a special tactic in their approach to classes: the child is offered those tasks that he likes. Children who play are much easier to teach than those who are bored.

We offer a number of games to automate the sound “sh”:

"Snake": the picture shows a snake that wants to get into the house. It is on the other side of the labyrinth. The task of the baby is to help the snake crawl home, leading the finger through the maze and pronouncing the sound “sh”.

"Help the mouse": the plot of the game - the mouse runs away from the cat. The child needs to read the syllables in sequence, and then the words with the letter w, so that the rodent can run away from the cat. For the first time, focus on the correct pronunciation, and then you can suggest increasing the speed of the mouse, reading syllables, words faster.

“Speech therapy fairy tales with pictures”: come up with or take a ready-made fairy tale from the Internet, where there are many words with the sound “sh”. The task of the child is to read the fairy tale, correctly pronouncing the sounds.

The structure of an individual speech therapy lesson

should start every session. This will help prepare the muscles of the tongue, cheeks, lips. The duration of this part is about 5 minutes.
Then there is a repetition of what was done in the previous lesson. If the child has difficulties, it is worth stopping at this stage and going through it again.
If the baby completes the tasks easily, you can proceed to the development of more complex stages.
At the end, you can offer a game. It will be both a reinforcement and an incentive at the same time.

The total duration of classes should not exceed 20-25 minutes, so that the baby does not lose interest in them.

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