Tyutchev's life briefly. The contradictory nature of the poet

Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev - Russian poet, diplomat, conservative publicist, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences since 1857, Privy Councilor.

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev(1803-1873) was born in the Ovstug estate of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province, in an old and cultured noble family with stable patriarchal traditions. Father Ivan Nikolaevich Tyutchev was distinguished by hospitality, cordiality and hospitality. Mother Ekaterina Lvovna came from the Tolstoy family and was an intelligent and impressionable woman. The childhood of the future poet passed in Ovstuga, Moscow and the Troitsky estate near Moscow under the supervision of the "uncle" N. A. Khlopov.

The boy received a good home upbringing and education. His extraordinary abilities and talents were noticed by his parents and his tutor, the famous poet S. E. Raich at that time. Raic's activities were varied and intense: he had an excellent knowledge of ancient classical languages, translated ancient authors, burned with love for Italian literature and instilled this love in his pupil. In a word, Raich had a beneficial and strong influence on Tyutchev: he encouraged Tyutchev's literary pursuits, read the first samples of the pen of the poet entering literature. Tyutchev learned the main European languages ​​from childhood and, under the guidance of Raich, translated Horace at the age of 12.

Tyutchev continued further education and upbringing at Moscow University, where he attended lectures on the history and theory of literature, archeology and history. fine arts. At the University, he attended the Raic poetry circle and did not stop writing poetry. He is excited by the works of Russian authors, and he responds to them (for example, to Pushkin's ode "Liberty"). At the University, Tyutchev reads a lot, replenishing his education.

After graduating from the University in 1821 with a candidate's degree, Tyutchev went to St. Petersburg, then abroad, where he spent 22 years in the diplomatic service.

As an original poet, Tyutchev was formed by the end of the 1820s. The basis of Tyutchev's lyrics is the contemplation of nature and penetration into its world, into its secret, intimate life. Tyutchev's nature is full of contradictions, full of sounds and colors, it is full of inner movement.

Reading Tyutchev's poems, one can easily be convinced that Tyutchev's nature is a living, feeling organism. She can “frown”, her “thunder peals” can become bold and angry, and the sun can look at the earth “frowningly”. The reader seems to see how nature lives, how it breathes, what happens in it. So Tyutchev reveals the secrets of nature for us, helping to comprehend them.

Tyutchev had 9 children. Wife: Eleonora Fedorovna Tyutcheva (married from 1826 to 1838), Ernestine Pfeffel (married from 1839 to 1873),

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev (1803-1873) was born on December 5, 1803 in an old noble family, in the Ovstug estate of the Bryansk district of the Oryol province.

Fedor Tyutchev spent his early years in Moscow. first elementary education received at home under the guidance of the poet-translator S.E. Raicha. In 1821 he brilliantly graduated from the verbal department of Moscow University. Soon he entered the service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in 1822 he went abroad, having been appointed to a modest position in the Russian embassy in Munich, the capital of the then Bavarian kingdom. He also served in Turin (Sardinia).
Tyutchev began to write poetry as a teenager, but rarely appeared in print and was not noticed by either critics or readers. The real debut of Fyodor Tyutchev took place in 1836: a notebook of Tyutchev's poems, forwarded from Germany, falls into the hands of Alexander Pushkin, and he, having accepted Tyutchev's poems with amazement and delight, published them in his journal Sovremennik. However, recognition and fame come to Tyutchev much later, after his return to his homeland, in the 50s, when Nekrasov, Turgenev, Fet, Nikolai Chernyshevsky spoke admiringly about the poet and when a separate collection of his poems was published (1854).

And yet Fedor Tyutchev does not become a professional writer, remaining on public service. In 1858 he was appointed chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee, a post he held until his death. He died on July 15, 1873 in Tsarskoye Selo, and was buried in St. Petersburg.

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spring waters

Snow is still whitening in the fields,
And the waters are already rustling in the spring -
They run and wake up the sleepy shore,
They run and shine, and they say ...

They say all over the place:
"Spring is coming, spring is coming!
We are messengers of young spring,
She sent us ahead!"

Spring is coming, spring is coming!
And quiet, warm May days
Ruddy, bright round dance
Crowds merrily after her.

Winter is getting angry...

Winter is getting angry
Her time has passed
Spring is knocking on the window
And drives from the yard.
And everything fussed
Everything forces Winter out -
And larks in the sky
The alarm has already been raised.
Winter is still busy
And grumbles at Spring.
She laughs in her eyes
And it only makes more noise...
Wicked witch pissed off
And, capturing the snow,
Let go, run away
To a beautiful child.
Spring and grief is not enough:
Washed in the snow
And only became blush,
Against the enemy.

spring thunderstorm

I love the storm in early May,
When spring, the first thunder,
as if frolicking and playing,
Rumbles in the blue sky.

The young peals are thundering,
Here the rain splashed, the dust flies,
Rain pearls hung,
And the sun gilds the threads.

An agile stream runs from the mountain,
In the forest, the din of birds does not stop,
And the uproar of the forest and the noise of the mountains -
Everything echoes cheerfully to the thunders.

You say: windy Hebe,
Feeding Zeus' eagle
A thundering cup from the sky
Laughing, she spilled it on the ground.

There is in the autumn of the original ...

Is in the autumn of the original
short but marvelous time —
The whole day stands as if crystal,
And radiant evenings ...

Where a peppy sickle walked and an ear fell,
Now everything is empty - space is everywhere, -
Only cobwebs of thin hair
Shines on an idle furrow.
The air is empty, the birds are no longer heard,
But far from the first winter storms -
And pure and warm azure pours
On the resting field…

How good are you, O night sea ...

How good you are, O night sea, -
Here it is radiant, there it is gray-dark ...
In the moonlight, as if alive,
It walks and breathes and it shines...

In the endless, in the free space
Shine and movement, roar and thunder ...
The sea drenched in a dull radiance,
How good you are in the emptiness of the night!

You are a great swell, you are a sea swell,
Whose holiday are you celebrating like this?
Waves are rushing, thundering and sparkling,
Sensitive stars look from above.

In this excitement, in this radiance,
All, as in a dream, I'm lost standing -
Oh, how willingly in their charm
I would drown my whole soul ...

Sand flowing to the knees ...

Sand flowing to the knees ...
We are going - late - the day is fading,
And pines, along the way, shadows
The shadows have already merged into one.
Blacker and more often deep forest -
What sad places!
The night is gloomy, like a stout-eyed beast,
Looks from every bush!

Cicero

Roman orator spoke
Amid civil storms and anxiety:
"I got up late - and on the road
Was caught in the night of Rome!"
So! but, saying goodbye to Roman glory,
From the Capitol Heights
You saw greatness in everything
The sunset of her bloody star!..

Blessed is he who has visited this world
In his fatal moments -
He was called by the All-good,
As an interlocutor at a feast;
He is a spectator of their high spectacles,
He was admitted to their council,
And alive, like a celestial,
He drank immortality from their cup.

You can't understand Russia with your mind...

Russia cannot be understood with the mind,
Do not measure with a common yardstick:
She has a special become -
One can only believe in Russia.

Evening

How quietly blows over the valley
Far bell ringing,
Like noise from a flock of cranes, -
And in the sonorous leaves he froze.

Like the spring sea in flood,
Brighter, the day does not sway, -
And hurry, be silent
A shadow falls across the valley.

Late autumn...

Late autumn
I love the Tsarskoye Selo garden
When he is in a quiet half-darkness
As if embraced by drowsiness,
And white-winged visions
On the dim lake glass,
In some bliss of numbness
They stagnate in this semi-darkness ...

And on the porphyry steps
Catherine's palaces
Dark shadows fall
October early evenings
And the garden darkens like an oak tree,
And under the stars from the darkness of the night,
Like a reflection of a glorious past
The golden dome comes out ...

// September 30, 2010 // Hits: 117,443

Tyutchev's biography is briefly the most important thing you will learn in this article.

Tyutchev's biography the most important briefly

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born November 23, 1803 in the village of Ovstug, in the Oryol province. His parents were noble and educated people. He received an excellent education: at home, the teacher Semyon Raich studied with him, who instilled in him a love of poetry. Already at the age of 12, Fedor translated the works of Horace and tried to compose poems. At the age of 14, he was accepted into the staff of the Society of Lovers of Literature. And in 1816, Tyutchev became a volunteer at Moscow University. In 1819 he entered the Faculty of Philology, from which he graduated in just 2 years.

After receiving a doctorate in literature, but got a job at the College of Foreign Affairs. In 1822, Tyutchev went to serve in Munich. He will devote three years to the diplomatic service. He wrote poems at that time only for himself. He came to his homeland only in 1825. Returning to Munich, he marries Eleanor Peterson, taking over the guardianship of her 3 children from her first marriage. The couple also had their own children - 3 beautiful daughters. The city also gave him friendship with the philosopher Schelling and the poet Heine.

In the spring of 1836, Fedor Ivanovich transferred his lyrical works to St. Petersburg, which were published in Pushkin's journal Sovremennik. In general, his German service lasted 15 years. In the spring of 1837, the poet and diplomat gets a vacation and goes to St. Petersburg for 3 months.

At the end of his vacation, he was redirected to Turin as the first secretary and chargé d'affaires of the Russian mission. In Italy, his wife dies and a year later he remarries Mrs. Ernestine Dernberg. This was the beginning of the end of his diplomatic career, as he arbitrarily traveled to Switzerland for the wedding.

Fedor Ivanovich tried for 2 whole years to return to the service, but in vain. He was permanently excluded from the list of officials of the Ministry. Tyutchev, after being fired, lived for another 4 years in Munich, Germany.

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev - Russian 19th poet century, diplomat and publicist. He also served as a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. More than 400 poems were published from his pen. Tyutchev was born on December 5, 1803 in the Ovstug family estate, located in the Oryol province.

Young years

The parents of young Fedya were of a noble family, so they raised their son accordingly. Future poet received an excellent education at home, by the age of 13 he was well versed in ancient Roman poetry. The boy also knew Latin, could translate the poetry of Horace. His home teacher was the poet and translator S.E. Raich.

At the age of 15, the young man began to attend lectures on literature, which took place on the basis of Moscow University. He became a student of this educational institution. A year later, Tyutchev was enrolled in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

In 1821, Fedor graduated from the university and went to work at the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. After some time, he had to move to Munich as a diplomat. The poet spent 22 years abroad, where he managed to start a family with Eleanor Peterson. The woman was the greatest love in his life, they had three daughters.

In addition, while working in Munich, Fyodor Ivanovich became interested in the German idealist philosophy. He repeatedly communicated with Friedrich Schelling, became friends with Heinrich Heine. It was Tyutchev who became the first translator of his works into Russian.

Debut as a poet

AT adolescence Tyutchev wrote several poems, but they were not successful with critics and readers. In addition, the young man did not like publicity, he rarely published his works. The period of his work from 1810 to 1820 was extremely archaic. The poems resembled the poetry of the last century. Among them are works such as Summer evening”, “Insomnia”, “Vision”, published on the pages of Raich’s magazine “Galatea”.

The full-fledged debut of the poet took place in 1836 thanks to A.S. Pushkin, who accidentally received his notebook with poems. The classic was able to appreciate the talent of Fyodor Ivanovich and published 16 of his poems in his journal Sovremennik. At this time, he began to improve his style, using some forms of European romanticism. Tyutchev skillfully combined them with Russian lyrics, thanks to which his original poems were remembered by readers.

Nevertheless, even recognition from Pushkin did not bring popularity to Fedor. He managed to become famous only after returning to his homeland, when in 1854 a separate collection of poems was published. Then an additional cycle of poems was released, dedicated to Tyutchev's mistress Elena Denisyeva.

At this time, Afanasy Fet, Nikolai Chernyshevsky and Ivan Turgenev admired the poet's talent. Nikolai Nekrasov even writes an article on Tyutchev's work and publishes it in the Sovremennik magazine. Thanks to this, his works are successful, fame comes to Fedor Ivanovich.

Return to Russian lands

In 1837, Fedor was appointed first secretary of the Russian Mission in Turin. There his wife dies. She could not stand the constant betrayal by her husband, in addition, Eleanor often complained about her health. In 1839, the poet marries his mistress; for the sake of the wedding, he leaves for Switzerland without the consent of his superiors.

Because of this, Tyutchev's career as a diplomat ended. For the next five years, he resided in Munich without official status in an attempt to regain his position. Fedor failed to do this, so he had to go back to Russia. Since 1848, Fyodor Ivanovich became a senior censor in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, he does not stop writing and participates in the Belinsky circle. The poet kept in touch with creative people. Among them were such writers as Ivan Turgenev, Nikolai Nekrasov, Ivan Goncharov and others.

In the 50s, the next stage in Tyutchev's poetry begins. At this time, he writes mainly in political topics, but does not publish his poems. From 1843 to 1850, Fedor delivered political articles about the utopian future of the "pan-Slavic empire" and the inevitable clash between Russia and the whole world. In 1858 the poet became chairman of the Foreign Censorship Committee. It is noteworthy that he repeatedly defended the persecuted publications.

In 1848-1850. the writer creates several beautiful poems, completely immersed in political themes. Among them are such poetry as "To the Russian Woman", "Reluctantly and timidly ..." and "When in the circle of murderous worries ...".

1864 was a turning point in the life of the poet. First, his beloved Elena Denisyeva dies of consumption, a year later their joint children die. The decisive blow was the death of Fedor's mother. The released collection did not receive popularity, in the life of Fedor came hard times. Due to numerous problems, his health deteriorated significantly. On July 15, 1873, the poet died in Tsarskoye Selo. He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery in St. Petersburg.

Until the end of his life, the poet remained in the public service, never becoming a professional writer. His last years marked by the writing of political poems. Among them are the works "When decrepit forces ..." and "To the Slavs".

Stormy personal life

Fedor Ivanovich was an incredibly amorous person. It is noteworthy that the poet dedicated poems to all his women. In addition, he had 9 children from different marriages. In his youth, Tyutchev was in romantic relationship with Countess Amalia. Shortly thereafter, the poet married Eleanor Peterson, whom he repeatedly called main woman own life. He was broken when the one he loved died. Tyutchev spent the night at her coffin, the next morning he became completely gray-haired.

But after some time, the poet found solace in the arms of Ernestine Dernberg. Their romance began much earlier, it was this betrayal that crippled Eleanor's health, coupled with a shipwreck in Turin. A year after the death of his wife, Tyutchev got married again.

Fedor Ivanovich was not enough with one wife, so he soon began to cheat on her too. Elena Denisyeva became the mistress of the publicist, their relationship lasted more than 14 years. All acquaintances were against this relationship because of the age difference. The girl was the same age as the writer's daughter.

After the public became aware of the relationship between Elena and Fedor, the father disowned the girl. She had to leave the institute, live in a rented apartment. But Deniseva, who was in love, was not too interested in this, she tried to throw herself headlong into the maelstrom of unknown feelings. The girl devoted herself to him and even gave birth to daughters to the poet.

Tyutchev could not stay with any woman for a long time, Denisyeva was no exception. In 1851, he wrote a poem summarizing their relationship in a peculiar way. Nevertheless, the couple continued to cohabit, they had strong friendships, even if the love from Fedor faded away. In August 1864, Lena died in the arms of her beloved.

Fedor Ivanovich Tyutchev was born on November 23 (December 5), 1803 in the estate of Ovstug, Oryol province.

In Tyutchev's biography, primary education was received at home. He studied poetry ancient rome and Latin. Then he studied at the University of Moscow in the department of literature.

After graduating from the university in 1821, he began working at the College of Foreign Affairs. As a diplomat he goes to Munich. Subsequently, the poet spends 22 years abroad. Tyutchev's great and most important love in life, Eleanor Peterson, was also met there. In marriage, they had three daughters.

The beginning of the literary path

The first period in the work of Tyutchev falls on 1810-1820. Then youthful poems were written, very archaic and similar to the poetry of the last century.
The second period of the writer's work (20s - 40s) is characterized by the use of forms of European romanticism and Russian lyrics. His poetry during this period becomes more original.

Return to Russia

The third period of his work was the 50s - early 70s. Tyutchev's poems during this period are not published, and he writes his works mainly on political topics.
The biography of Fyodor Tyutchev at the end of the 1860s was unsuccessful, both in personal life as well as creative. Tyutchev's collection of lyrics published in 1868, in short, did not receive much popularity.

Death and legacy

Troubles broke him, his health deteriorated, and on July 15, 1873, Fedor Ivanovich died in Tsarskoye Selo. The poet was buried in St. Petersburg at the Novodevichy cemetery.

Tyutchev's poetry has a little over 400 poems. The theme of nature is one of the most common lyrics of the poet. So landscapes, dynamism, the diversity of seemingly living nature are shown in such works by Tyutchev: "Autumn", "Spring Waters", "Enchant Winter", as well as many others. The image of not only nature, but also the mobility, the power of streams, along with the beauty of water against the sky, is shown in Tyutchev's poem "Fountain".

Tyutchev's love lyrics are another of the poet's most important themes. Violence of feelings, tenderness, tension are manifested in Tyutchev's poems. Love, as a tragedy, as painful experiences, is presented by the poet in poems from a cycle called "Denisiev" (composed of poems dedicated to E. Denisiev, the poet's beloved).
Tyutchev's poems written for children are included in school curriculum and studied by students of different grades.