Types, sizes and grades of wooden pallets (pallets). Pallets (pallets), dimensions

Pallet (from eng. "pallet") is a pallet designed for the transportation and storage of goods.

The materials used in the manufacture of pallets are very diverse - wood, plastic, metal. Due to their low cost, the most popular wooden pallets- both from solid wood and pressed woodworking waste.

Design

The pallet consists of one or two platforms (single-plated or double-plated) for cargo placement, as well as a base-frame to which they are attached. Dual deck designs allow them to be used on either side, which extends their life (but also adds weight). A number of boards forming a platform are attached to a frame having one of two types of construction - longitudinal beams or wooden blocks. In the first case, pallets are called stringer("stringer pallet"), in the second - block("block pallet"). Pallets with a longitudinal beam base are more durable than their counterparts, however, the block layout reduces the total weight of the pallet, which is an important factor in transportation issues.

The design of the pallet is designed taking into account the convenience of loading and unloading operations - recesses for the forklift are provided inside. Depending on the number of sides on which the recess data are located, there are two-way And four-way pallets.

Standardized pallets

IN different countries there are standards for the design dimensions of pallets. In Russia and a number of European countries, euro pallets(EUR-pallet), size 800x1200 mm. In Finland wide use received Finnish pallets(FIN-pallet) size 1000x1200 mm. On the legs of pallets that meet a certain standard, a marking is applied.

Dimensions, mm (width, length, height)	Marking	Maximum load capacity, kg	Description
800 x 1200 x 145	EUR	1500	Upper platform consists of 5 boards, which differ in width (narrow - 100mm, wide - 145mm) and alternate as follows: wide, narrow, etc. The lower part consists of 3 alternating boards - narrow, wide, narrow.
1000 x 1200 x 145	FIN	2500	The upper platform consists of 7 boards, which differ in width (narrow - 100mm, wide - 120mm) and alternate as follows: wide, two narrow, wide, etc. The lower part consists of 3 boards alternating in width.

Characteristic features of standardized pallets

In Russia, pallet standards are determined GOST 9078-84, which describes the main types, sizes, characteristics and requirements for their manufacture. A number of additional GOSTs are also provided, presenting technical requirements to specific types of pallets. For instance, GOST 9557-87 determines pallets with dimensions of 800x1200 mm.

International pallet requirements are defined International Organization on Standardization (ISO, International Organization for Standardization). For example, the standards for the aforementioned "Euro pallets" are defined in ISO-6780.

Often for the transportation of goods within the domestic market of the country are used non-certified reusable pallets, which are structurally identical to the standardized ones, but do not have the corresponding stigma. They are much cheaper than their counterparts. which is the reason for their wide popularity.

Dimensions of pallets used in the domestic market of Russia

The layout of pallets in a standard Euro-truck

Euro pallets (800 x 1200 mm)

The number of euro pallets that can be placed in a standard euro truck with a volume of 82 cubic meters and a load capacity of 20 tons is 33 pieces. The layout is shown below.

In various areas, such as construction, transportation, trade, and more. etc., requires the use of special equipment and Supplies. In particular, this includes pallets. Thanks to them, you can ensure fast and safe loading, unloading and transportation of goods. Therefore, the production of pallets is very common today.

There are certain standards that indicate that some items cannot be transported unpacked on pallets. They are especially strict about this standard when the goods need to be transported abroad. At the same time, the concepts of pallets and pallets are often separated. Let's see what are their differences.

wooden pallets

Simply put, pallets are wooden boards made of planks. Depending on the weight of the cargo, boards of different thicknesses are used for the manufacture of pallets. For example, if it is a brick, then the thickness of the material should be at least 22 mm. Mostly pallets have standard size 80 by 1200 mm, but it may vary depending on what exactly will be transported. Often, in order to save money, not new equipment is bought for transportation, but one that has already been used. Today, the production of pallets is carried out everywhere, because they help to bring the goods to their destination safe and sound.

Pallets

We can say that pallets are almost the same as pallets. But they have standardized dimensions and configuration. In addition, they can be made not only from wood, but also from plastic. There are two types of pallets: standard and double-sided. They have practically no differences, except for the design of the blocks inside. They are designed to work with various types loading mechanisms.

Depending on the conditions and the country in which the transportation is carried out, different types pallet. For example, euro pallets are used in Russia standard type. They allow you to unload goods using forklifts or cranes. IN North America double-sided pallets are used, and in Africa and Asia, stringers are used that cling only from the wide side.

1. Certified euro pallet (EUR-pallet).

Size 800x1200x145mm. It is obligatory to have the brand name EUR in an oval, burnt on the right bearing legs of the pallet. The remaining legs are also marked with the manufacturer (PKP, FS, DB, etc.) and digital information (series, year of manufacture). The upper part of the euro pallet consists of five boards, alternating in order: wide (145mm), narrow (100mm), wide, narrow, wide. The lower part consists of three boards (narrow, wide, narrow) with chamfered. It is obligatory to have chamfers at the corners of the europallet.

2. Certified financial pallet (FIN-pallet, Finnish pallet).

Size 1000x1200x145mm. It is obligatory to have the brand name FIN in a rectangle, burnt on the right bearing legs of the pallet. The central legs are also marked with digital information indicating the manufacturer's code and the date of issue. The upper part of the financial pallet consists of seven boards, alternating in order: wide (120mm), two narrow (100mm), wide, two narrow, wide. The lower part consists of three boards (narrow, wide, narrow) with chamfered. It is obligatory to have chamfers at the corners of the financial pallet.

3. Non-disposable cargo pallet 800x1200mm.

Size 800x1200x145mm, board thickness 20-22mm. There is no company brand, the design is identical to the design of the euro pallet.

4. Non-disposable cargo pallet 1000x1200mm.

Size 1000x1200x145mm, board thickness 20-22mm. There is no corporate brand, the design is identical to the design of the financial pallet.

5. Eurobox (EUR-box)

Metal crate with a metal base in the form of an euro pallet, size 800x1200x800mm. It has a plate with an embossed EUR stamp in an oval.

Pallet grades

If you ship your manufactured goods abroad or use production lines with strict requirements for the pallets used, then it is likely that you will need certified European or Finnish pallets. They are made in accordance with GOSTs accepted in European countries, as evidenced by the presence of a stamp on each pallet. By condition, these pallets are divided into three grades:

1. Top grade

• practically new, white, strong pallets;
• without chips and cracks;
• have been used no more than three times.

2. First grade

• white, strong pallets;
• without chips and cracks;
• have not been repaired.

3. Second grade

• slight pollution is allowed, and darkening of wood from time to time;
• small cracks and chips are allowed (but not more than 3 cm wide and 30 cm long);
• Some of them may be after renovation.

To work in the domestic market

Any pallets are usually suitable for work in the domestic market - the choice of a certain type and grade depends entirely on the manufacturer. In addition to certified euro and financial pallets, there are non-disposable cargo pallets of the following varieties:

1. Not certified europallet 800x1200x145mm<

• dimensions and design are absolutely identical to certified euro pallets, including all tolerances and chamfers;
• screw nails are used;
• board thickness 22mm;
• it differs from a certified europallet by the absence of a company brand.

2. Pallet 800x1200x145mm, first grade

• by design, they are made similar to euro pallets, but the sizes of boards and bars can vary;
• screw nails are used;
• board thickness 20-25mm;
• chamfered on the corners of the pallet;
• does not have significant pollution and darkening of wood from time to time.

3. Pallet 800x1200x145mm, second grade

• by design, they are made similar to euro pallets;
• both screw and construction nails can be used;
• board thickness 20-25mm;
• the distance between the flooring boards is not more than 50 mm;
• slight pollution is allowed, and darkening of wood from time to time.

4. Pallet 800x1200x145mm, third grade

• the main dimensions of the pallet are 800x1200 mm, other dimensions may vary and do not have a single standard;
• board thickness 15-25mm;
• there are no chamfers on the corners of the pallet;
• used construction nails;
• pollution and darkening of wood from time to time are allowed.

5. Pallet 1000x1200x145mm

• in terms of size and design, they are similar to certified financial pallets;
• chamfers may be absent;
• ordinary nails can be used instead of screw ones;
• board thickness 15-25mm.

6. Special types of pallets

• plastic standard EUR;
• wooden standard SR;
• Triplett;
• metal EUR-boxes.

Use of pallets

Pallets are widely used in many countries. When using pallets, we recommend that you pay attention to the following:

• There are two main types of pallets: "Euro pallet" and standard pallet. The size of a "Euro pallet" is 800mm x 1,200mm and a standard pallet is 1,000mm x 1,200mm.
• A 20-foot container can be loaded with 11 "Euro-pallets" or 9-10 standard pallets in one tier (see picture).
• A 40-foot container can be loaded with 23 - 24 "Euro pallets" or 20-21 standard pallets in one tier (see picture).
• Wooden pallets must be strong enough to support the weight of three tiers.
• Cardboard boxes should not protrude beyond the edges of the pallet.

Pallet or pallet is an auxiliary tool for the implementation of loading and unloading of objects of the same shape and dimensions, which has simplified and standardized the loading processes.

The European Pallet Association brings together the main pallet manufacturers and controls the quality of their products, which are regulated by ISO3676, ISPM 15, ISO TK/22, UIC norms 435-2/435-4.

In the Russian Federation, Soviet GOSTs 19434-74, 9078-84, 9557-87 are still in force.

Pallets are very popular all over the world. When using pallets, pay attention to this fact: there are two main types of pallets: euro pallets and standard pallets. So, the size of a euro pallet is 800mm x 1,200mm, but the standard one is slightly larger - 1,000mm x 1,200mm. So, in a 20-foot container, you can load 11 euro pallets or somewhere around 9-10 standard pallets in one tier. If you use a 40-foot container, you can load 23 - 24 euro pallets or 20-21 standard pallets in one tier.

Wooden pallets must be strong, so they need to support the weight of all three tiers.

At the same time, cardboard boxes should not extend beyond the edges of the pallet.

1. Certified euro pallet (EUR-pallet)
Its size is 800×1200×145mm. At the same time, it is imperative that there be a special branded brand EUR in an oval, which is burned out on the right-hand bearing legs of this pallet. The rest of the legs also contain a marking that indicates the manufacturer (it can be PKP, DB, FS, etc.) and also useful digital information (year of manufacture, series). If we talk about the design, then the upper part of the euro pallet is made of five boards, which alternate in order: first wide (145 mm), then narrow (100 mm), again wide, narrow, again wide. The lower part is made of three boards, narrow, wide, narrow with chamfered, the presence of which is obligatory at the corners of the euro pallet.

2. Certified financial pallet (FIN-pallet or Finnish pallet)
Its size is 1000×1200×145 mm. There should be a brand name FIN in a rectangle, which is burned out on its right bearing legs. On the central legs there is a special digital information with the manufacturer's code and release date. In the upper part of the financial pallet there are seven boards that alternate in order: first there is a wide one (120 mm), then two narrow ones (100 mm), one wide, two narrow, then wide again. In the lower part there are three boards (narrow, wide, narrow) with chamfers, the presence of which is mandatory at the corners of the financial pallet.

3. Non-disposable cargo pallet 800×1200 mm
Its size is 800 × 1200 × 145 mm, with a board thickness of 20-22 mm. There is no company brand, the design is like that of a europallet.

4. Non-disposable cargo pallet 1000×1200mm
Its size is 1000 × 1200 × 145 mm, with a board thickness of 20-22 mm. There is no company brand, the design is the same as that of the financial pallet.

5. Eurobox (EUR-box)
It looks like a metal crate with a metal base in the form of a euro pallet, its size is 800×1200×800 mm. There is a plate with the stamp EUR in an oval. In the event that you ship your goods abroad or have production lines with very strict pallet requirements, then most likely you will need to use certified Finnish or European pallets. They are manufactured in accordance with the GOSTs adopted in Europe, this is evidenced by the stamp on each pallet. These pallets are divided into three grades according to their condition:

Top grade- these are almost new, white, strong pallets, without chips and cracks, which were used no more than three times.

First grade- these are white, strong pallets without chips and cracks that have not been repaired.

Second grade- slight pollution and natural darkening of wood are already allowed here, small cracks and chips are also allowed (however, not more than 3 cm in width and 30 cm in length), some of which may be after repair.

In the domestic market, any pallets are usually used. Here the choice of type and grade of pallet depends entirely on the manufacturer. In addition to certified Fin and Euro pallets, there are non-disposable cargo pallets:

1. Non-certified euro pallet 800×1200×145 mm
- they are similar in size and design to certified euro pallets, with all tolerances and chamfers;

- board thickness 22 mm;
- they differ from a certified europallet only by the absence of a company brand.

2. Pallet 800×1200×145 mm, first grade
- the design is similar to europallets, but the sizes of bars and boards vary;
- used screw nails;
- the thickness of the board is 20-25 mm;
- chamfers are removed at the corners of the pallet;
- the distance between the flooring boards is no more than 50 mm;
- does not have serious pollution and natural darkening of wood.

3. Pallet 800×1200×145 mm, second grade
- the design is similar to europallets;
- both screw and construction nails are used;
- the thickness of the board is approximately 20-25 mm;
- no chamfers on the corners of the pallet;
- between the flooring boards, the distance is not more than 50 mm;
- slight pollution and natural darkening of wood from time to time are allowed.

4. Pallet 800×1200×145 mm, third grade
- the main dimensions of the pallet are 800 × 1200 mm, while other dimensions may vary, there is no single standard;
- board thickness 15-25 mm; - lack of chamfers at the corners of the pallet;
- used building nails;
- the presence of pollution and natural darkening of wood from time to time is allowed.

5. Pallet 1000×1200×145 mm
- they are similar in size and design to certified financial pallets;
- there may be no chamfers;
- ordinary nails can be used instead of screw ones;
- the thickness of the board is 15-25 mm.

6. Special types of pallets
- plastic EUR standard;
- wooden standard СР;
- Triplett;
- metal EUR-boxes.

Art Pallet June 29, 2016 Details 3 Created: 29 June 2016 Updated: November 22, 2018

In storage, transportation of products, many types of containers are used. It should provide convenience in loading and unloading operations, create conditions for compliance with the rules of storage and transportation. The category of the most popular types of packaging includes wooden pallets. The high popularity is due not only to the convenience, environmental safety of the container. A large number of sizes, varieties, types of wooden pallets allows you to choose the best products.

Our company specializes in the production, sale, delivery, rental of wooden pallets. We have all types, sizes, types of wooden pallets which guarantees an excellent choice. Enterprises can order the required types of pallets in any quantity Moscow and Moscow region. We operate in Podolsk, Domodedovo, Chekhov, Aprelevka, Bronnitsy, Klimovsk, Shcherbinka, Troitsk, Serpukhov, Vidnoe.

Types of pallets for domestic transportation

In America and Europe, strict requirements are imposed on this container; only pallets that meet current standards can be used in transportation. In our country, there are no strict rules and regulations for these products. In cargo transportation of products in Russia, the following types of pallets:

• reusable trucks 1000x1200mm;
• reusable cargo 800x1200mm.

By its design and dimensions, this container is similar to Finnish, European pallets. But it does not have a characteristic stigma, it is not certified. These pallets are much cheaper, therefore they are usually purchased by enterprises that carry out cargo transportation only within the country. Buying expensive euro pallets in this case is not advisable.
Pallet dimensions 1000x1200x145mm correspond to the Finnish counterpart. They are made of timber, boards 2.0-2.2 cm thick. Wooden pallets sized 800x1200x145mm are produced according to the type of euro pallets. The same material is used in the creation as in the production of certified analogues.

In manufacturing, not only the dimensions of pallets adopted in European and Finnish products are observed. In pallets of 1-2 grades without certification, there are identical tolerances and chamfers, self-tapping screws are used to connect parts.

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Types of pallets for international transport

Certified types of pallets can be used both in long-distance and in domestic transportation of products. For companies that cooperate with contractors in European countries, the purchase of these types of pallets is a prerequisite. This container includes euro pallets and financial pallets.

In certified varieties of pallets, chamfers are necessarily removed at the corners, the distance between the flooring elements is strictly observed. It should not be more than 5 cm. The connection of boards, checkers is carried out using screw nails.

Certified euro pallets, financial pallets are not divided into grades. Containers that do not meet the standards are not subject to branding. In addition, it must necessarily be subjected to appropriate disinfection. Phytosanitary treatment is the destruction of microorganisms contained in wood through exposure to high temperatures, vapors of toxic chemicals or chamber drying.

Varieties of wooden pallets for use in domestic cargo transportation

For domestic transport, you can purchase the following types of pallets:

• euro pallets without certification;
• pallets of the 1st grade;
• pallets of 2 grades;
• pallets 3 grades.

All dimensions, chamfers and tolerances are strictly observed in euro pallets. According to these indicators, they are absolutely identical to their European counterparts. The only difference is the absence of a stigma, phytosanitary treatment. There are no stains of dirt, mold, rot or damage on the surfaces of the pallets.

• Pallets of grade No. 1 also correspond in size to Euro pallets. In these products, the boards may not meet European standards for thickness and width, the chamfers at the corners have been removed. This is a new container or pallets that have been used no more than 3 times. It should not have cracks, chips, other damage, dark spots.
• Pallets of grade No. 2 are similar in design and dimensions to euro pallets, but chamfers in the corners may not be selected, deviations in the width and thickness of the boards are allowed. Checkers and boards are connected not only with self-tapping screws, but also with nails. There are no chips or cracks in this type of pallets, but the presence of dirt, darkening that has appeared over time is acceptable.
• Grade No. 3 pallets have the same dimensions as Euro pallets. In addition to discrepancies in the thickness and width of the boards, the absence of chamfers, the presence of cracks and chips is also allowed. But their length should not exceed 30 centimeters, and the width should not exceed 3 centimeters. There may be darkening, contamination on the container. It can be restored types of pallets.

In domestic transportation, non-certified analogues of Finnish pallets, 1000x1200x145mm in size, are also used. They allow deviations in the thickness and width of the boards, the absence of chamfers. The elements are connected with nails.

Pallet grades

Our company has all kinds and pallet types. You can choose pallets for domestic and international shipments. Euro pallets, financial pallets fully comply with the standards. We have a license for branding containers, the company has equipment for phytosanitary treatment. You can buy, rent euro pallets, carry out cargo transportation abroad.

Companies that need containers for the transportation of products within the country, for warehousing, storage of goods, can choose cheaper types of pallets that have not been certified. We offer all varieties and pallet dimensions. This allows you to optimally select them, taking into account:

• product specifics,
• warehouse premises,
• type of vehicle,
• financial opportunities.

In the proposed wooden pallets, all the requirements of the standards for this container are met. Products fully comply with GOSTs in terms of size, strength. Price of all types of pallets (pallets) in our company is low, available for each consumer.