Shoulder straps in the Red Army 1943, 1944, 1945

(on the example of shoulder straps of artillerymen)

On January 6, 1943, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet (PVS) of the USSR “On the introduction of shoulder straps for the personnel of the Red Army” was signed, announced by order of the NPO No. 24 of 10.01.1943. 25 "On the introduction of new insignia and changes in the uniform of the Red Army" (). In it, in particular, it was determined that field shoulder straps are worn by military personnel in the army in the field and personnel of units being prepared for dispatch to the front. Everyday shoulder straps are worn by servicemen of other units and institutions, as well as when wearing full dress uniforms. That is, in the Red Army there were two types of shoulder straps: field and everyday. Also, differences in shoulder straps were introduced for the command and command staff (see the regulation on the command and command staff), so that it was possible to distinguish the commander from the chief.

It was instructed to switch to new insignia in the period from February 1 to February 15, 1943. Later, by order of the NPO of the USSR No. 80 dated February 14, 1943, this period was extended until March 15, 1943. By the beginning of the transition to summer uniforms, the Red Army was fully provided with new insignia.

In addition to the directive documents mentioned above, later the Instruction of the Technical Committee of the Main Quartermaster Directorate of the Red Army (TC GIU KA) No. 732 of January 8, 1943 “Rules for the selection, fastening on items of uniform and wearing shoulder straps by the personnel of the Red Army” was issued, as well as a number of technical conditions of the TC SMI KA. In addition, some technical documentation was adopted long before the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. So, for example, the Temporary Specifications (VTU) of the TK GIU KA No. 0725, in which there was a description of emblems and insignia (asterisks) on shoulder straps, were published on December 10, 1942.

The dimensions of the shoulder straps were set:

• Null- 13 cm (only for women's uniforms)
• First- 14 cm.
• Second- 15 cm.
• The third- 16 cm.
  Width - 6 cm, and the width of the shoulder straps of officers of justice, medical, veterinary and administrative services - 4 cm. The length of the sewn-in shoulder straps was set 1 cm longer for each size.
  The width of the generals' shoulder straps is 6.5 cm. The width of the shoulder straps of the generals of the medical, veterinary services and the higher beginning. composition of century-jur. service - 4.5 cm. (In 1958, a single width for such shoulder straps was established for all generals of the Soviet army - 6.5 cm.)

Varieties of field shoulder straps according to the method of manufacture:

• Soft sewn-in shoulder straps( ) consisted of a field (top), lining (lining), lining and piping.
• Soft removable shoulder straps( ), in addition to the above parts, they had a half-lash, a half-lash lining and a jumper.
• Rigid removable shoulder straps( ) differed from soft themes that during their manufacture, fabrics and shoulder straps were glued with a paste consisting of 30% wheat flour and wood glue, as well as the presence additional gasket from electrical cardboard - pressboard, jacquard or calibrated, 0.5 - 1 mm thick.

- Coloring of field and everyday shoulder straps of the Red Army -.

- Military ranks of the USSR Armed Forces 1935-1945. (table of ranks) -.

Shoulder straps of junior command, commanding and enlisted personnel of the Red Army
(private, sergeant and foreman)

FIELD SHAPES: The field of field shoulder straps has always been khaki. Shoulder straps were edged (sheathed) along the edges, except for the bottom, with colored cloth edging according to the branches of the military or services. The stripes on the shoulder straps of the junior command and command staff were silk or semi-silk galloon. Patches were issued various sizes: narrow (1 cm wide), medium (1.5 cm wide) and wide (3 cm wide). The junior commanding staff relied on a burgundy galloon, and the junior commanding staff - brown.

Ideally, patches should have been sewn onto shoulder straps in factories or in sewing workshops at military units. But often the stripes were fastened by the servicemen themselves. In conditions of front-line shortages, stripes made from improvised materials were often used. It was common to use everyday (golden or silver) stripes on field shoulder straps and vice versa.

Field epaulettes were supposed to be worn without emblems of military branches and stencils. Uniformed iron 20-mm buttons of a protective color with a star, in the center of which there was a sickle and a hammer, were placed on shoulder straps.

This type of shoulder strap existed until December 1955, when double-sided shoulder straps were introduced. In the period from 1943 to 1955, the technology for manufacturing these shoulder straps changed several times. In particular, in 1947 and 1953 (TU 1947 and TU 1953)

Field epaulettes of junior officers on the example of a senior sergeant of artillery. The patch (galoon) is sewn in the factory on sewing machine. Buttons iron protective color.

CASUAL SHAPES: Everyday shoulder straps of junior command, junior commanding and rank and file were edged (sheathed) along the edges, except for the bottom, with colored cloth piping, and also had a field of colored cloth according to the type of troops. The stripes on the shoulder straps of the junior command and command staff were silk or semi-silk galloon. Patches were produced in various sizes: narrow (1 cm wide), medium (1.5 cm wide) and wide (3 cm wide). The junior commanding staff relied on a gold-yellow galloon, and the junior commanding staff - silver.

Everyday epaulettes were given golden emblems according to the type of troops and yellow stencils denoting a unit (compound). It should be noted that stencils were used extremely rarely.

On shoulder straps there were shaped golden brass 20-mm buttons with a star, in the center of which there was a sickle and a hammer.

This type of shoulder strap existed until December 1955, when double-sided shoulder straps were introduced. In the period from 1943 to 1955, the technology for manufacturing these shoulder straps changed several times. In particular, in 1947 and 1953. In addition, since 1947, encryption has ceased to be applied to everyday shoulder straps.

Everyday epaulettes of junior officers on the example of a senior sergeant of artillery. The patch (lace) is sewn by the soldier himself. There are no encryptions, as on most shoulder straps. Buttons: top-brass (correspondingly yellow-golden color), bottom-iron.

Shoulder straps of the senior and middle command and command staff of the Red Army
(officers)

FIELD SHAPES: The field of field shoulder straps has always been khaki. Shoulder straps were edged (sheathed) along the edges, except for the bottom, with colored cloth piping. On the field of shoulder straps, one or two gaps were sewn in burgundy for command staff and brown for commanding staff. According to the assigned military rank, belonging to the branch of service or service, insignia were placed on the field of shoulder straps.

On the shoulder straps of the middle command staff - one clearance and silver-plated metal 13-mm stars.

On the shoulder straps of the senior command staff there are two gaps and silver-plated metal 20-mm stars.

On the shoulder straps of the commanding staff, in addition to the commanding staff of the infantry, silver-plated emblems were installed according to the type of troops, services.

On shoulder straps there are uniform metal 20-mm buttons of a protective color with a star, in the center of which there is a sickle and a hammer.

Field epaulettes of the middle command staff on the example of ml. artillery lieutenant. The rank star must be silver. In this case, the silver plating has worn off.

CASUAL SHAPES: The field of epaulettes of the command staff is made of golden silk or golden galloon. The field of epaulettes of the engineering command staff, commissariat, medical, veterinary, military legal and administrative services is made of silver silk or silver galloon. Shoulder straps were edged (sheathed) along the edges, except for the bottom, with colored cloth piping. According to the assigned military rank, belonging to the branch of service or service, insignia were placed on the field of shoulder straps.

On the shoulder straps of the middle command staff there is one clearance and metal golden 13-mm stars.

On the shoulder straps of the senior command staff there are two gaps and metal golden 20-mm stars.

On the shoulder straps of the commanding staff, in addition to the commanding staff of the infantry, golden emblems were installed according to the type of troops, services.

The emblems and stars on the shoulder straps of the engineering and command staff, quartermaster, administrative and medical services are gilded. On the shoulder straps of the military veterinary staff, the stars are gilded, the emblems are silver plated.

On shoulder straps there are uniform golden 20-mm buttons with a star, in the center of which there is a sickle and a hammer.

The shoulder straps and insignia of the middle and senior commanding staff of the military legal service fully corresponded to the shoulder straps and insignia of the senior and middle command staff of the medical and veterinary services, but with their own emblems.

The shoulder straps of the military administrative staff were exactly the same as the shoulder straps for the senior and middle commanding staff of the medical and veterinary services, but without emblems.

These epaulettes lasted until the end of 1946, when the technical specifications of TU TK GIU VS No. 1486 dated October 9, 1946 for officers of the Armed Forces established epaulettes with a cut corner top, i.e. shoulder straps became hexagonal.

Everyday shoulder straps of the middle command staff on the example of the shoulder straps of an artillery captain. The button should be gold.

Shoulder straps of the highest command staff of the Red Army
(generals, marshals)

FIELD SHAPES: A field of epaulettes made of silk galloon of special weaving on a cloth lining. The color of the field of shoulder straps is protective. The color of the shoulder straps: combined arms generals, generals of artillery, tank troops, medical and veterinary services, higher beginning. the composition of the military legal service - red; aviation generals - blue; generals of the technical troops and quartermaster service - crimson.

Stars on shoulder straps were embroidered with silver 22 mm in size. On the shoulder straps of the generals of the medical, veterinary service and higher beginning. composition of the military legal service - gold, 20 mm in size. Buttons on shoulder straps with coat of arms are gilded. On the shoulder straps of generals honey. services - gilded metal emblems; on the shoulder straps of the generals blows. services - the same emblems, but silver plated; on the shoulder straps of the higher beginning. composition of the senior legal service - gilded metal emblems.

By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 79 dated February 14, 1943, shoulder straps were installed, incl. and for the higher engineering and technical staff of the communications troops, engineering, chemical, railway, topographic troops - to the generals of the engineering and technical service, according to the model established by the generals of the technical troops. From this order, the highest chief. the composition of the military legal service began to be called the generals of justice.

EVERYDAY epaulettes: A field of epaulettes made of galloon of special weaving: from gold drag. And for the generals of the medical and veterinary services, the highest beginning. composition of the military legal service - from silver drawing. The color of the shoulder straps: combined arms generals, generals of artillery, tank troops, medical and veterinary services, higher beginning. the composition of the military legal service - red; aviation generals - blue; generals of the technical troops and quartermaster service - crimson.

Asterisks on shoulder straps were embroidered on a golden field - in silver, on a silver field - in gold. Buttons on shoulder straps with coat of arms are gilded. On the shoulder straps of generals honey. services - gilded metal emblems; on the shoulder straps of the generals blows. services - the same emblems, but silver plated; on the shoulder straps of the higher beginning. composition of the senior legal service - gilded metal emblems.

By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 61 dated February 8, 1943, silver emblems were installed for generals of artillery to wear on shoulder straps.

By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 79 dated February 14, 1943, shoulder straps were installed, incl. and for the higher engineering and technical staff of the communications troops, engineering, chemical, railway, topographic troops - to the generals of the engineering and technical service, according to the model established by the generals of the technical troops. Probably from this order the highest beginning. the composition of the military legal service began to be called the generals of justice.

These epaulettes existed without fundamental changes until 1962, when by order of the USSR Ministry of Defense No. 127 dated May 12, sewn-on epaulettes with a steel-colored field were installed on the generals' parade and output overcoats.

An example of everyday and field epaulettes of generals. Since February 8, 1943, generals of artillery had additional artillery emblems on shoulder straps.

Literature:

• Uniform and insignia of the Red Army 1918-1945. AIM, Leningrad 1960
• Shoulder straps of the Soviet Army 1943-1991 Eugene Drig.
• Color table for field and everyday shoulder straps of the Red Army ()
• The newspaper "Red Star" of January 7, 1943 ()
• Article by Alexander Sorokin "Field shoulder straps of soldiers, sergeants and officers of the Red Army, sample 1943"
• Website - http://www.rkka.ru

article code: 98653

70 years ago in the Soviet Union, shoulder straps were introduced for the personnel of the Soviet Army. Shoulder straps and stripes in the Navy were abolished in Soviet Russia after the October Revolution of 1917 by a decree of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR (they were considered a symbol of inequality).

Shoulder straps appeared in the Russian army at the end of the 17th century. Initially, they had a practical meaning. They were first introduced by Tsar Peter Alekseevich in 1696, then they served as a strap that kept a gun belt or cartridge pouch from slipping off the shoulder. Therefore, the epaulette was an attribute of the uniform of only the lower ranks, since the officers were not armed with guns. In 1762, an attempt was made to use epaulettes as a means of isolating the military personnel of different regiments and isolating soldiers and officers. To solve this problem, each regiment was given shoulder straps of different weaving from a garus cord, and to separate the soldiers and officers, the weaving of shoulder straps in the same regiment was different. However, since there was no single pattern, the shoulder straps performed the task of insignia poorly.

Under Tsar Pavel Petrovich, only soldiers began to wear shoulder straps again, and again only for a practical purpose: to keep ammunition on their shoulders. Sovereign Alexander I returned the function of insignia to shoulder straps. However, they were not introduced in all branches of the military, in the infantry regiments they introduced shoulder straps on both shoulders, in the cavalry - only on the left. In addition, then shoulder straps did not denote ranks, but belonging to one or another regiment. The number on the shoulder strap indicated the number of the regiment in the Russian imperial army, and the color of the shoulder strap showed the number of the regiment in the division: red denoted the first regiment, blue - the second, white - the third, and dark green - the fourth. Army (non-guards) grenadier units, as well as the Akhtyrsky, Mitavsky hussar and Finnish, Primorsky, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan and Kinburn dragoon regiments were designated in yellow. To distinguish the lower ranks from the officers, the shoulder straps of officers were first sheathed with gold or silver galloon, and a few years later epaulettes were introduced for officers.

Since 1827, officers and generals began to be designated by the number of stars on epaulettes: ensigns had one star each; second lieutenants, majors and major generals have two; for lieutenants, lieutenant colonels and lieutenant generals - three; staff captains have four. On the epaulettes of captains, colonels and full generals there were no stars. In 1843, insignia were also established on the shoulder straps of the lower ranks. So, the corporals got one badge; for non-commissioned officers - two; senior non-commissioned officer - three. The sergeant-major received a transverse stripe 2.5 cm wide for shoulder straps, and ensigns received exactly the same stripe, but located longitudinally.

Since 1854, instead of epaulettes, shoulder straps were also introduced for officers, epaulettes were left only for ceremonial uniforms. Since November 1855, shoulder straps for officers have become hexagonal, and for soldiers - pentagonal. Officers' shoulder straps were made by hand: pieces of gold and silver (rarely) galloon were sewn onto a colored base, from under which the field of shoulder straps shone through. Asterisks were sewn on, gold stars on a silver shoulder strap, silver stars on a golden shoulder strap, of the same size (11 mm in diameter) for all officers and generals. The epaulette field showed the number of the regiment in the division or the type of troops: the first and second regiments in the division were red, the third and fourth were blue, the grenadier formations were yellow, the rifle formations were crimson, etc. After this, there were no revolutionary changes until October 1917 of the year. Only in 1914, in addition to gold and silver shoulder straps, were first established field shoulder straps for the army. Field shoulder straps were khaki (khaki), the stars on them were oxidized metal, the gaps were indicated by dark brown or yellow stripes. However, this innovation was not popular among officers, who considered such epaulettes ugly.

It should also be noted that officials of some civilian departments, in particular, engineers, railway workers and the police, had shoulder straps. After the February Revolution of 1917, in the summer of 1917, black shoulder straps with white gaps appeared in shock formations.

On November 23, 1917, at a meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the Decree on the destruction of estates and civil ranks was approved, along with them, shoulder straps were also canceled. True, in the white armies they remained until 1920. Therefore, in Soviet propaganda shoulder straps for a long period of time became a symbol of counter-revolutionary, white officers. The word "gold chasers" has actually become a dirty word. In the Red Army, military personnel were initially allocated only by position. For insignia, sleeve patches in the form of geometric shapes(triangles, squares and rhombuses), as well as on the sides of the overcoat, they denoted the rank and belonging to the military branch. After the Civil War and until 1943, the insignia in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army remained in the form of buttonholes on the collar and sleeve chevrons.

In 1935, personal military ranks were established in the Red Army. Some of them corresponded to the royal - colonel, lieutenant colonel, captain. Others were taken from the ranks of the former Russian Imperial Navy - lieutenant and senior lieutenant. The ranks that corresponded to the former generals were retained from the former service categories - brigade commander (brigade commander), division commander (division commander), commander, army commander of the 2nd and 1st ranks. The rank of major was restored, which was canceled under the emperor Alexandra III. Outwardly, the insignia remained practically unchanged compared to the samples of 1924. In addition, the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established, it was already marked not with rhombuses, but with one large star on the collar flap. On August 5, 1937, the rank of junior lieutenant appeared in the army (he was distinguished by one head over heels). On September 1, 1939, the rank of lieutenant colonel was introduced, now three sleepers corresponded to a lieutenant colonel, not a colonel. The colonel now received four sleepers.

On May 7, 1940, general ranks were established. The major general, as in the days of the Russian Empire, had two stars, but they were located not on shoulder straps, but on collar valves. The lieutenant general was given three stars. This is where the similarity with the royal ranks ended - instead of a full general, the lieutenant general was followed by the rank of colonel general (he was taken from the German army), he had four stars. Following the colonel general, the general of the army (borrowed from the French armed forces), had five stars.

On January 6, 1943, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, shoulder straps were introduced in the Red Army. By order of the NPO of the USSR No. 25 of January 15, 1943, the decree was announced in the army. In the Navy, shoulder straps were introduced by order of the People's Commissariat of the Navy No. 51 dated February 15, 1943. On February 8, 1943, shoulder straps were established in the People's Commissariats of Internal Affairs and State Security. On May 28, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced at the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs. On September 4, 1943, shoulder straps were established in the People's Commissariat of Railways, and on October 8, 1943, in the USSR Prosecutor's Office. Soviet shoulder straps were similar to the royal ones, but there were some differences. So, officer army shoulder straps were pentagonal, not hexagonal; the colors of the gaps showed the type of troops, and not the number of the regiment in the division; the clearance was a single unit with the epaulette field; color piping was introduced according to the type of troops; stars on shoulder straps were metal, silver and gold, they differed in size for senior and junior ranks; ranks were designated by a different number of stars than in the imperial army; shoulder straps without stars were not restored. Soviet officer epaulettes were 5 mm wider than the royal ones and did not have ciphers. Junior lieutenant, major and major general received one star each; lieutenant, lieutenant colonel and lieutenant general - two each; senior lieutenant, colonel and colonel general - three each; captain and general of the army - four each. For junior officers, shoulder straps had one gap and from one to four silver-plated stars (13 mm in diameter), for senior officers, shoulder straps had two gaps and from one to three stars (20 mm). For military doctors and lawyers, the stars were 18 mm in diameter.

Badges for junior commanders were also restored. The corporal received one badge, the junior sergeant - two, the sergeant - three. The senior sergeants received the former broad sergeant-major's badge, and the foremen received the so-called. "a hammer".

For the Red Army, field and everyday shoulder straps were introduced. According to the assigned military rank, belonging to any kind of troops (service), insignia and emblems were placed on the field of shoulder straps. For senior officers, the stars were originally attached not to the gaps, but to the galloon field nearby. Field epaulettes were distinguished by a field of khaki color with one or two gaps sewn to it. On three sides, shoulder straps had edgings in the color of the type of troops. Gaps were introduced: for aviation - blue, for doctors, lawyers and commissaries - brown, for everyone else - red. For everyday shoulder straps, the field was made of galloon or golden silk. Galloon silver color was approved for everyday shoulder straps of the engineering, quartermaster, medical, legal and veterinary services.

There was a rule according to which gilded stars were worn on silver shoulder straps, and silver stars were worn on golden shoulder straps. Only veterinarians were an exception - they wore silver stars on silver shoulder straps. The width of shoulder straps was 6 cm, and for officers of military justice, veterinary and medical services - 4 cm. troops - black, doctors - green. On all shoulder straps, one uniform gilded button with a star was introduced, with a hammer and sickle in the center, in the Navy - a silver button with an anchor.

The epaulettes of the generals, unlike those of officers and soldiers, were hexagonal. The general's epaulettes were gold with silver stars. The only exceptions were shoulder straps for the generals of justice, medical and veterinary services. They received narrow silver epaulettes with gold stars. Unlike the army, the naval officer's shoulder straps, like the general's, were hexagonal. The rest of the naval officer shoulder straps were similar to those of the army. However, the color of the piping was determined: for officers of the ship, engineering (ship and coastal) services - black; for naval aviation and aviation engineering service - blue; quartermaster - raspberry; for everyone else, including justice officers, red. The command and ship staff did not have emblems on shoulder straps.

Appendix. Order People's Commissar Defense of the USSR
January 15, 1943 No. 25
"On the introduction of new insignia
and about changes in the form of the Red Army"

In accordance with the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 6, 1943 "On the introduction of new insignia for the personnel of the Red Army", -

I ORDER:

1. Set the wearing of shoulder straps:

Field - military personnel in active army and the personnel of the units being prepared to be sent to the front,

Everyday - by servicemen of other units and institutions of the Red Army, as well as when wearing full dress uniforms.

2. The entire composition of the Red Army to switch to new insignia - shoulder straps in the period from February 1 to February 15, 1943.

3. Make changes to the uniform of the Red Army personnel, according to the description.

4. Enact the "Rules for wearing uniforms by personnel of the Red Army."

5. Allow to wear existing form clothes with new insignia until the next issue of uniforms, in accordance with the current terms and supply standards.

6. Commanders of units and chiefs of garrisons strictly monitor the observance of uniforms and the correct wearing of new insignia.

People's Commissar of Defense

I. Stalin.

At the beginning of the forty-second year, Stalin called Khrulev and said that it was necessary to somehow allocate the guard units with a special uniform. The quartermasters quickly prepared several samples and delivered them to the Kremlin. They looked there and came to the conclusion that if only the guardsmen begin to wear this uniform, then what will the rest look like? We decided to abandon the special uniform for the guards, but to introduce shoulder straps for the entire army.

However, Stalin soon lost interest in them. The case dragged on and there was no end in sight. When Khrulev once again reminded Stalin of them, he began to reproach him: “Why are you pestering with these shoulder straps?” Then he told them to bring their samples to him. Artists and craftsmen immediately set to work. They offered several options: they borrowed something from the army uniform different countries, they made something themselves. Brought to Stalin. He looked and quite unexpectedly asked A. M. Vasilevsky, who was standing next to him:

Comrade Vasilevsky, show me what kind of shoulder straps you wore in the old days?

Alexander Mikhailovich was embarrassed. He was a staff captain, but where can he get epaulettes now, and even not of such a high rank? In a word, Stalin instructed the quartermasters:

Show the shoulder straps that the king had.

We got shoulder straps somewhere in museums, found veterans who served in the old army. Stalin looked and called Kalinin, asked him to come in, and a curious conversation took place between them, which Andrei Vasilyevich then retold:

“Here, Comrade Kalinin, Khrulev proposes that we restore the old regime.

Kalinin, slowly, looked at the samples and said:

You see, we remember the old regime, but the youth does not remember it. And if this form appeals to young people and can be useful in the war against fascism, then this form should be adopted.

Stalin quickly reacted by exclaiming:

And you, comrade Kalinin, are for the old regime?”

Kalinin repeated again that he was not for the old regime, but for the good that new form can bring in the fight against the enemy. Probably, Andrei Vasilievich concluded, our perseverance and support for Kalinin had this time its effect, and the decision to introduce shoulder straps was made. The decree will be published tomorrow...

Soon, materials were received through TASS for publication in tomorrow's issue of the newspaper. They were located on two lanes. On the first - the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council on the introduction of new insignia in the army, a description of shoulder straps and their photographs; on the first page - marshals and generals, on the second - officers and enlisted personnel. And when they brought the prints of the strips for the signature, Khrulev called me again and said that Stalin wanted to see how the materials about shoulder straps would look in the newspaper and that he had to go to the Kremlin.

Having seized the still wet lanes, Andrei Vasilyevich and I set off for the Kremlin. We were immediately invited to Stalin's office. I laid out the stripes of the "Red Star" on the table, Stalin began to look at photographs of shoulder straps, re-read the Decree. Then I looked at the second line. Finally began to read the front.

Shoulder straps are not only decoration, but also order and discipline. Tell me about it.

Thinking that there would be more comments, and not relying on my memory, I reached into my pocket for a pencil. Unfortunately, I didn't take it with me.

It wasn't on the table either. Stalin was holding a long sharp red pencil in his hands, and I don’t know how it happened, I pulled it out of his hands and began to write down comments. Molotov and Beria sat at the table opposite. Vyacheslav Mikhailovich smiled dryly, while Beria cast an angry, condemning look at me. I took it calmly, did I know what kind of ghoul was in front of me? And Stalin continued:

I must say that shoulder straps are not invented by us. We are the heirs of the Russian military glory. We don't give up on it...

I also wrote down this sentence. While Stalin was examining the newspaper, the pages of Pravda and Izvestiya were brought. In these newspapers, all materials about shoulder straps, including photographs, were placed on the inside pages. I thought it was big event for the army and the country, and you need to start the material from the front page. Said about it. Stalin agreed and immediately instructed me to hand it over to TASS so that other central newspapers could follow the example of Krasnaya Zvezda. I willingly did this, and besides, I did not deny myself the pleasure of calling the editors of Pravda and Izvestia:

You, friends, will have to break the bands...

Returning the stripes to me, Stalin threw a remark:

Tomorrow there will be conversations! ..

Apparently, he himself caught fire in this matter ...

I have corrected the editorial. And our historians also found for the leading article the remarkable words of M.V. Frunze about the appearance and discipline in the Red Army: " ... we often have an attitude towards military bearing, discipline of the system, external order, as something harmful, non-revolutionary and unnecessary. This is absolute nonsense. Internal conscious discipline must necessarily manifest itself in the external order. . We managed to publish the three-column article "On Uniform and Epaulettes" prepared by us in advance.

Introduction shoulder strap in the Red Army

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps were introduced in the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army.

Shoulder straps in the Russian army have a long history. They were first introduced by Peter the Great in 1696, but in those days shoulder straps served only as a strap that kept the belt of a gun or cartridge pouch from slipping off the shoulder. Shoulder strap was only an attribute of the uniform of the lower ranks: the officers were not armed with guns, and therefore shoulder straps they didn't need it.

As insignia shoulder straps began to be used with the accession to the throne of Alexander I. However, they did not denote ranks, but belonging to one or another regiment. On the shoulder straps a figure was depicted indicating the number of the regiment in the Russian army, and the color of the shoulder strap indicated the number of the regiment in the division: the first regiment was indicated in red, the second in blue, the third in white, and the fourth in dark green. Since 1874, in accordance with the order of the military department No. 137 of 04.05. 1874, the shoulder straps of both the first and second regiments of the division became red, and the color of the buttonholes and bands of the caps of the second regiment became blue. The shoulder straps of the third and fourth regiments became blue, but the buttonholes and bands of the third regiment were white, and those of the fourth regiment were green.
Yellow is the same color shoulder strap had army (in the sense of non-guards) grenadiers. Also yellow were shoulder straps Akhtyrsky and Mitavsky hussar and Finnish, Primorsky, Arkhangelsk, Astrakhan and Kinburn dragoon regiments.

With the advent of rifle regiments, crimson epaulettes were assigned to the latter.

Private 3rd Dragoon Novorossiysk Regiment See also:

as a volunteer from the scout team - 6th Hussar Klyasititsky Regiment

65th Infantry Moscow E.I.V. regiment (The button with the crown existed until 08/29/1904)

Senior non-commissioned officer 4th Koporsky Infantry Regiment of General Count Konovnitsyn

To distinguish a soldier from an officer, officer shoulder straps first sheathed with galloon, and since 1807 shoulder straps the officers were replaced by epaulettes. Since 1827, officer and general ranks began to be denoted by the number of stars on epaulettes: y - 1, major and major general - 2; , and lieutenant general - 3; staff captain - 4; , and there were no full generals on epaulettes of stars. One asterisk was retained for retired brigadiers and retired second majors - these ranks no longer existed by 1827, but retirees with the right to wear uniforms who retired in these ranks remained. From April 8, 1843, insignia appeared on shoulder straps lower ranks: one badge got, two - , and three - to the senior non-commissioned officer. Feldwebel got on shoulder strap a transverse strip of 2.5 cm thickness, and - exactly the same, but located longitudinally.

In 1854 they introduced shoulder straps and for officers, leaving epaulettes only on dress uniforms, and until the very revolution in shoulder straps there were almost no changes, except that in 1884 the rank of major was abolished, and in 1907 the rank was introduced.

Shoulder straps had military officials and - engineers, railway workers, .

In 1935, they were introduced into the Red Army. Some of them corresponded to pre-revolutionary ones - colonel, lieutenant colonel, captain. Some were taken from the ranks of the former tsarist Navy - lieutenant and senior lieutenant. The ranks corresponding to the generals remained from the previous service categories - brigade commander, division commander, commander, army commander of the 2nd and 1st rank. The rank of major, abolished under Alexander III, was restored. The insignia, in comparison with the buttonholes of the 1924 model, almost did not change outwardly - only the four-cube combination disappeared. In addition, the rank of Marshal of the Soviet Union was introduced, which was no longer indicated by rhombuses, but by one large star on the collar flap. nevertheless, a special one was created for the state security agencies.

On August 5, 1937, the rank of junior lieutenant (one head over heels) was introduced, and on September 1, 1939, the rank of lieutenant colonel. At the same time, the three sleepers now corresponded not to , but to .
got four sleepers.

On May 7, 1940, general ranks were introduced. The major general, as before the revolution, had two stars, but they were not located on shoulder straps, but on the collar valves. The lieutenant general had three stars. This is where the similarities with pre-revolutionary generals ended - instead of a full general, a lieutenant general was followed by the rank of colonel general, skalked from the German general oberst. The colonel general had four stars, and the general of the army following him, whose rank was borrowed from the French army, had five stars.

In this form, the insignia remained until January 6, 1943, when shoulder straps.

Policemen and collaborationist formations created from Soviet prisoners of war also had shoulder straps. He was distinguished by special originality (of the Russian National People's Army)

From January 13 Soviet epaulettes of the 1943 model began to enter the army.

Soviet shoulder straps had much in common with pre-revolutionary ones, but there were also differences: officer shoulder straps The RKKA (but not the Navy) 1943 were pentagonal, not hexagonal; the colors of the gaps denoted the branch of service, not the regiment; the clearance was a single unit with the epaulette field; there were colored edges according to the type of troops; stars were metal, gold or silver, and differed in size between junior and senior officers; ranks were designated by a different number of stars than before 1917, and shoulder straps without asterisks were not restored.

Soviet officer shoulder straps were five millimeters wider than pre-revolutionary ones. There were no encryptions on them. Unlike pre-revolutionary times, shoulder strap color now corresponded not to the number of the regiment, but to the type of troops. The edging also mattered. So, rifle troops had a crimson epaulette background and black edging, cavalry - dark blue with black edging, aviation - blue shoulder strap with black edging, tankers and artillerymen - black with red edging, but sappers and other technical troops - black but with black edging. The border troops and the medical service had green shoulder straps with a red edging, and the internal troops got a cherry shoulder strap with blue trim.

On the field shoulder straps the protective color of the type of troops was determined only by the edging. Its color was the same as the color of the epaulette field on the everyday uniform. Soviet officer shoulder straps were five millimeters wider than pre-revolutionary ones. Ciphers were placed on them very rarely, mostly cadets of military schools had them.

A junior lieutenant, a major and a major general received one star each. Two each - a lieutenant, and a lieutenant general, three each - a senior lieutenant, and a colonel general, and four went to the general of the army. shoulder straps junior officers had one clearance and from one to four metal silver-plated stars with a diameter of 13 mm, and shoulder straps senior officers - two gaps and from one to three stars with a diameter of 20 mm.

The badges for junior commanders were also restored. The corporal still had one stripe, the junior sergeant - two, the sergeant - three. The former wide sergeant's badge went to the senior sergeant, and the foreman received shoulder straps the so-called "hammer".

According to the assigned military rank, belonging to the branch of service (service), on the field shoulder strap placed insignia (asterisks and gaps) and emblems. For military lawyers and doctors, there were "medium" stars with a diameter of 18 mm. Initially, the stars of senior officers were attached not to the gaps, but to the galloon field next to them. field shoulder straps had a khaki-colored field with one or two gaps sewn to it. From three sides shoulder straps had edgings according to the color of the type of troops. The gaps were installed - blue - for aviation, brown - for doctors, quartermasters and lawyers, red - for everyone else. Field everyday officer epaulette made of golden silk or galloon. For everyday shoulder strap command staff, commissary, medical and veterinary services and lawyers, a silver galloon was approved. There was a rule according to which silver stars were worn on gilded shoulder straps, and vice versa, on silver shoulder straps gilded stars were worn, except for veterinarians - they wore silver stars on silver shoulder straps. Width shoulder strap- 6 cm, and for officers of the medical and veterinary services, military justice - 4 cm. It is known that such shoulder straps the troops called "oaks". The color of the edging depended on the type of troops and service - crimson in the infantry, blue in aviation, dark blue in the cavalry, a gilded button with a star, with a hammer and sickle in the center, in the navy - a silver button with an anchor. General's shoulder straps sample 1943, unlike the soldiers and officers, were hexagonal. They were gold with silver stars. The exception was shoulder straps generals of medical and veterinary services and justice. For them, narrow silver shoulder straps with golden stars. Naval Officers shoulder straps, unlike the army ones, were hexagonal. Otherwise, they were similar to the army ones, but the color of the piping shoulder strap was determined: for officers of the naval, ship-engineering and coastal engineering services - black, for aviation and aviation engineering services - blue, quartermasters - raspberry, for everyone else, including justice - red. On the shoulder straps the command and ship staff of the emblem were not worn. The color of the field, stars and edging shoulder strap generals and admirals, as well as their width, were also determined by the type of troops and service, the field shoulder strap senior officers were sewn from a galloon of special weaving. The buttons of the generals of the Red Army had the emblem of the USSR, and the admirals and generals of the Navy had the emblem of the USSR superimposed on two crossed anchors. On November 7, 1944, the arrangement of the stars was changed to shoulder straps colonels and lieutenant colonels of the Red Army. Up to this point, they were placed on the sides of the gaps, but now they have moved to the gaps themselves. October 9, 1946 the uniform was changed shoulder strap officers of the Soviet Army - they became hexagonal. In 1947 on shoulder straps officers transferred to the reserve and retired by order of the Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR No. 4, golden is introduced (for those who wore silver shoulder straps) or a silver (for gilded epaulettes) patch that they are required to wear when they put on a military uniform (in 1949 this patch was canceled).

AT postwar period minor changes took place in the shoulder insignia. So, in 1955, daily field bilateral shoulder straps for privates and sergeants.

In 1956 field shoulder straps for officers with khaki stars and emblems and gaps according to the type of troops. In 1958, narrow shoulder straps sample 1946 for physicians, veterinarians and lawyers. At the same time, the edging for everyday shoulder strap soldiers, sergeants and foremen. On gold shoulder straps silver stars are introduced, on silver - gold. The colors of the gaps are red (combined arms, airborne), raspberry ( engineering troops), black (tank troops, artillery, technical troops), blue (aviation), dark green (medics, veterinarians, lawyers); blue (the color of the cavalry) was abolished due to the liquidation of this type of troops. For generals of medical, veterinary services and justice, wide silver shoulder straps with gold stars, for others - gold shoulder straps with silver stars.

In 1962 appeared which, fortunately, was not implemented.

In 1963, there are blue gaps for officers of the Airborne Forces. Are abolished shoulder straps foremen of the 1943 model with a "foreman's hammer". Instead of this “hammer”, a wide longitudinal galloon is introduced, like in the pre-revolutionary one.

In 1969 at the gold shoulder straps gold stars are introduced, on silver - silver. The colors of the gaps are red (ground forces), crimson (medics, veterinarians, lawyers, administrative service) and blue (aviation, airborne forces). Silver generals are abolished shoulder straps. All generals shoulder straps became gold, with gold stars framed by edging according to the type of troops.

In 1972 introduced shoulder straps ensign. Unlike the pre-revolutionary warrant officer, whose rank corresponded to the Soviet junior lieutenant, the Soviet warrant officer corresponded in rank to the American warrant officer.

In 1973, ciphers SA (Soviet Army), VV (Internal Troops), PV (Border Troops), GB (KGB troops) were introduced on shoulder straps soldiers and sergeants and K - on shoulder straps cadets. I must say that these letters appeared back in 1969, but initially, according to Article 164 of the Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR No. 191 of July 26, 1969, they were worn only on the dress uniform. Letters were made from anodized aluminum, but since 1981, for economic reasons, metal letters have been replaced with letters from PVC film.

In 1974, new shoulder straps army general instead shoulder strap model 1943. Instead of four stars, they had a marshal's star, above which was placed the emblem of motorized rifle troops.

In 1980, all silver shoulder straps with silver stars. The colors of the gaps are red (combined arms) and blue (aviation, airborne forces).

In 1981, introduced shoulder straps senior warrant officer, and in 1986 for the first time in the history of Russian officers shoulder strap introduced shoulder straps without gaps, differing only in the size of the stars (field uniform - "Afghan")

Currently shoulder straps remain , as well as some categories . In 1994, the traditional sergeant's badges were replaced with western-style squares. However, in 2011, the tabs were returned and now very reminiscent shoulder straps.

See also:

Previous days in Russian history:

Over the 19 years of the existence of lavalier insignia, changes in Insignia and buttonholes Red Army small ones were added.

The appearance of the emblems of the military branches and services changed, the colors of the edges and buttonholes, the number of signs in the buttonholes and the technology for the production of signs underwent changes.

In various years as additional element sleeves were introduced and abolished to buttonholes patches .

Many are confused about military ranks, it's all about the changes in 391 orders.

For example, until the age of 40, the foreman had three triangles in his buttonhole and three patches on the sleeve, and from the age of 40 four.

The squares and rectangles defining the military rank were colloquially called "kubari" or "cubes", respectively, the rectangles of the "sleepers".

Rhombuses and triangles did not have slang names, the exception was foreman, his four triangles were called "saw".

Artillerymen and armored forces used black buttonholes, but tank commanders buttonholes were velvet. The emblem of gunners and motorists were introduced in the First World War, crossed cannons and winged wheels with a steering wheel for drivers. Both are still in use today with minor modifications. Tankers have emblems in the form of miniature BT tanks. The chemists on the emblem had two cylinders and a gas mask. In March 1943 they were changed to a hammer and key.

Rank	Insignia in buttonhole	Patch according to rank
middle and senior com. compound
junior lieutenant	one square	One square of gold galloon 4 mm wide, on top of the galloon there is a clearance of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom edging 3 mm wide
Lieutenant	two squares	Two squares of gold galloon 4 mm wide, between them a gap of red cloth 7 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Senior Lieutenant	three squares	Three squares of gold galloon 4 mm wide, between them two gaps of red cloth 5 mm wide each, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Captain	One rectangle	Two squares of gold galloon 6 mm wide, between them a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom of the edging 3 mm wide
Major	Two rectangles
Lieutenant colonel	three rectangles	Two squares made of gold galloon, upper 6 mm wide, lower 10 mm, between them a gap of red cloth 10 mm wide, at the bottom edging 3 mm wide
Colonel	four rectangles	Three squares made of gold galloon, upper and middle 6 mm wide, lower 10 mm, between them two gaps made of red cloth 7 mm wide each, at the bottom edging 3 mm wide
Political composition
Junior political officer	two squares
Politruk	three squares	Red star with hammer and sickle
Senior political instructor	One rectangle	Red star with hammer and sickle
Battalion Commissar	Two rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle
Senior Battalion Commissar	three rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle
Regimental Commissar	four rectangles	Red star with hammer and sickle

Regarding the military ranks of the "sample 1935" for the command staff, the rank of "lieutenant colonel" is introduced, and for the military-political staff "senior battalion commissar".

On the buttonholes of the General of the Army there were five gilded stars, colonel general- had four, the lieutenant general had three stars, the major general was supposed to wear two in his buttonholes. Komkor G.K. Zhukov was the first to be awarded the rank of army general.

The title of Marshal of the Soviet Union was established on September 22, 1935 by a decree of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR. The marshal was dressed in a general's uniform, the differences were red buttonholes, a golden embroidered star, laurel branches and a sickle and a hammer on their crosshairs, sleeve squares with laurel branches embroidered with gold, and large sleeve stars. Until the fortieth year, there was no ornament of laurel branches with a hammer and sickle on the buttonholes of the marshal.

The difference between the Marshal's buttonholes is clearly visible on the uniforms of Budyonny. Voroshilov in the uniform of 1940

Tukhachevsky, Voroshilov, Yegorov, Budyonny and Blucher were the first to be awarded the title of Marshal of the Soviet Union.

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By order of the Revolutionary Military Council of the Republic 572 of April 3, 1920, sleeve insignia of the Red Army were introduced. Detailed analysis the history of stripes and chevrons of the Red Army of all periods in the material of the Military Pro. Introduction of sleeve insignia of the Red Army stages, features, symbols Distinctive insignia of the sleeve type are used to identify servicemen of certain branches of the armed forces. To better understand the specifics of the sleeve insignia of the Red Army and the chevrons of the Red Army, we recommend

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In the Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army in the summer they wore half boots, they are also boots and boots, in the cold winter time felt boots were issued. The highest command staff in winter could wear winter cloak boots. The choice of shoes depended on the rank of the soldier; the officers always relied on boots and on the position he held. Before the war, there were many improvements and changes in the field

From buttonholes to epaulettes P. Lipatov Uniforms and insignia of the ground troops of the Red Army, internal troops of the NKVD and border troops during the Great Patriotic War The Workers 'and Peasants' Red Army of the Red Army entered the Second World War in the uniform of the 1935 model. At about the same time, they acquired the usual us the appearance of Wehrmacht soldiers. In 1935, by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of December 3, new uniforms and insignia were introduced for the entire personnel of the Red Army.

They do not emit a warlike roar, they do not sparkle with a polished surface, they are not decorated with chased coats of arms and plumes, and quite often they are generally hidden under jackets. However, today, without this armor, unsightly in appearance, it is simply unthinkable to send soldiers into battle or ensure the safety of VIPs. Body armor is clothing that prevents bullets from entering the body and therefore protects a person from being shot. It is made from materials that scatter

Different kinds small arms and cold steel partisans in service Trophy weapons of partisans Various independent alterations of copies of Soviet and captured weapons Partisans' actions behind enemy lines damage power lines, posting propaganda leaflets, reconnaissance, destruction of traitors. Ambushes behind enemy lines, destruction of enemy columns and manpower Undermining bridges and railways, methods

PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF THE MILITARY SERVANTS 1935-1945 PERSONAL MILITARY RANKS OF THE MILITARY SERVICES OF THE LAND AND SEA FORCES OF THE RKKA 1935-1940 Introduced by resolutions of the Council of People's Commissars 2590 for the land and air forces of the Red Army and 2591 for the naval forces of the Red Army of September 392. Declared by order of the People's Commissar of Defense 144 of September 26, 1935. Private and command staff Political composition

In the Red Army, two types of buttonholes were used - everyday color and field protective. There were also differences in the buttonholes of the commanding and commanding staff, so that it was possible to distinguish the commander from the chief. Field buttonholes were introduced by order of the USSR NKO 253 of August 1, 1941, which abolished the wearing of colored insignia for all categories of military personnel. It was ordered to switch to buttonholes, emblems and insignia of a completely green camouflage color.

Uniforms of the Red Army Headgear of the Red Army Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch insignia Patch

We will have to start the story about the introduction of insignia in the Soviet army with some general questions. In addition, a short digression into the history of the Russian state will be useful in order not to formulate empty references to the past. The epaulettes themselves are a kind of product that is worn on the shoulders in order to indicate the position or rank, as well as the type of troops and service affiliation. This is carried out in several ways by fastening straps, stars, making gaps, chevrons.

On January 6, 1943, shoulder straps for the personnel of the Soviet Army were introduced in the USSR. Initially, shoulder straps had a practical meaning. With their help, the belt of the cartridge bag was held. Therefore, at first there was only one shoulder strap, on the left shoulder, since the cartridge bag was worn on the right side. In most fleets of the world, epaulettes were not used, and the rank was indicated by stripes on the sleeve, the sailors did not wear a cartridge bag. In Russia, shoulder straps

Commanders IVAN KONEV 1897-1973, commanded the Steppe Front during the Battle of Kursk. He left school at the age of 12, then became a lumberjack. He was mobilized into the royal army. During the civil war, he joined the Red Army and fought as a commissar for Far East. In 1934 he graduated from the Frunze Academy and became a corps commander. In 1938, Konev commanded the Separate Red Banner Army as part of the Far Eastern Front. But lead the military action against

Commanders Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov Born on February 12, 1900 in Serebryanye Prudy, near Venev, Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov was the son of a peasant. From the age of 12, he worked as an apprentice saddler, and when he was 18, he joined the Red Army. In 1918, during the civil war, he participated in the defense of Tsaritsyn later - Stalingrad, and in 1919 joined the CPSU b and was appointed regiment commander. In 1925, Chuikov graduated from the Military Academy. M.V. Frunze, then participated

Even before the First World War, a uniform appeared in the Russian army, consisting of a protective color of trousers, a shirt-tunic, an overcoat and boots. We have seen her more than once in films about the Civil and Great Patriotic Wars. Soviet uniform from World War II. Since then, several uniform reforms have been carried out, but they mainly affected only the dress uniform. The edgings, shoulder straps, buttonholes changed in uniforms, and the field uniform remained practically unchanged.

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE USSR RULES FOR THE WEARING OF MILITARY UNIFORM CLOTHING BY SERGEANTS, STARSHIN, SOLDIERS, SAILORS, cadets AND PUPILS OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY IN PEACETIME Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR. General provisions. The uniform of sergeants of long-term service. The uniform of sergeants of conscripts and soldiers of extra-conscripts and conscripts. The uniform of cadets of military schools. The uniform of pupils of Suvorov

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES OF WEARING THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHES BY THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY SERVICE PERSONNEL IN PEACETIME I. GENERAL PROVISIONS II. MILITARY CLOTHING Uniform of the marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Uniform of admirals and generals of the Navy Uniform of officers of the Soviet Army Uniform of women officers of the Soviet Army

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES FOR WEARING THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHING BY MILITARY PERSONNEL OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 191 Section I. GENERAL PROVISIONS Section II. MILITARY UNIFORM Chapter 1. Uniform of the Marshals of the Soviet Union, marshals of military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers and sergeants of the long-term service of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform of female officers

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES FOR THE WEARING OF THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHES BY SERVICE PERSONNEL OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. MAIN PROVISIONS Section II. CLOTHING FORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVICEMEN. Chapter 1. Dress uniform of the Marshals of the Soviet Union, generals of the army, marshals of the military branches and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Dress uniform of officers, warrant officers and military personnel

MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF THE UNION OF THE SSR RULES FOR THE WEARING OF THE MILITARY UNIFORM OF CLOTHES BY SERVICE PERSONNEL OF THE SOVIET ARMY AND NAVY Order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR 250 Section I. MAIN PROVISIONS Section II. CLOTHING FORM OF SOVIET ARMY SERVICEMEN. Chapter 1. Uniform of marshals and generals of the Soviet Army Chapter 2. Uniform of officers, ensigns and servicemen of the long-term service of the Soviet Army Chapter 3. Uniform

We continue to talk about the uniform of the Red Army. This publication will focus on the period 1943-1945, that is, the very height of the Great Patriotic War, paid attention to the changes in the form of the Soviet soldier that occurred in 1943. Senior sergeant of the Air Force with his father, who is a major. Winter and summer uniforms, 1943 and later. The winter tunic looks neat and clean, the summer one is dirty

The military uniform, which includes all items of uniforms, equipment, insignia established by the highest government bodies for the personnel of the armed forces of the state, not only allows you to determine the servicemen's belonging to the types and branches of the troops, but also to distinguish them by military ranks. The uniform disciplines military personnel, unites them into a single military team, helps to increase their organization and strict fulfillment of military duties.