Finnish form of the second world war. Uniforms and equipment of the Finnish ground forces and air force

All military personnel of the Finnish Armed Forces were required to wear blue and white cockades, which were a sign of the nationality of soldiers and officers. In addition to nationality cockades, officers had the right to wear red cockades with a golden lion. These cockades could be worn both together with generally accepted cockades, and separately.

To designate positions and military ranks in the troops, it was customary to wear buttonholes. By the color of the buttonhole and its frame, one could easily determine the belonging of a serviceman to that or any other branch of the military. Senior officers and generals had a double frame on their buttonholes, the rest had a single frame. Among the generals, the ranks differed in the number of metal lions on shoulder straps, among the senior and junior officers, metal roses were the distinguishing mark (16 millimeters - senior officers, 13 millimeters - junior officers), but the ranks among the rank and file were distinguished by chevrons.

Stylized fir branches were placed in the corners of the buttonholes of the officers, but they were absent from specialist officers and officials of the military departments. Instead of fir branches, metal emblems were placed on their buttonholes.

When wearing overcoats, officers could be distinguished by the presence of galloons on cuffs, while soldiers and sergeants were distinguished by chevrons on shoulder straps. The presence of a lion on shoulder straps was not a distinction, but only emphasized belonging to the armed forces of Finland.

For the manufacture of insignia denoting military ranks and the corresponding ranks, metal (roses, lions) and yellow cloth (chevrons) were used.
In the fleet, foremen and sailors wore yellow cloth chevrons. Chevrons for recruits were made of red cloth.

When wearing an overcoat by officers, galloons were allowed to be sewn around the entire perimeter or sewn onto a flap, which was attached to the cuffs with two buttons. In the ground forces, galloons had a gray color, aviation was distinguished by the presence of yellow galloons. In addition, the image of an oak branch on a galloon indicated an attitude towards the generals of the army.
The emblem of the infantry units could also have a letter designation, by which it was possible to establish belonging to the regiment and its location: "P" (Pori), "U" (Uusimaa), "T" (Tampere), "V" (Viipuri). "KS" (Kuhmoinen-Suomen), "PS" (Pohjois-Suomen).
The emblem of the rangers was supplemented with numbers from 1 to 3, they denoted the numbers of the battalions.
In addition to the generally accepted cavalry emblem, two cavalry regiments had individual emblems, the Nyland Dragoon Regiment had a monogram of the letters “FF” located under the Swedish crown, and the emblem of the Hämees Cavalry Regiment featured an elk skull with a motto ribbon.
The letter "E" was located on the emblems of individual units and subunits of the communications and engineering troops.
The emblems of the Coast Guard units, as well as the emblems of the Jaegers, were supplemented with the numbers 1-4, denoting four coastal artillery batteries. Military schools have their emblems and insignia. The cadets of the cavalry military school wore the letters "RK", the educational institutions of the naval forces had the letters "MSK". Students of the officer reserve school had the monogram "RUK".
The hallmark of the shutskor was a patch in the form of a shield (colored according to the provinces), on which the letter “S” was depicted, with 3 spruce branches. Members of the "Lotta Svärd" (women's paramilitary organization) also wore a distinctive badge.

Pavel Borisovich Lipatov is a member of the Union of Cinematographers of Russia, a member of the Association of Arms Historians "Arsenal", a corresponding member of the All-Russian Heraldic Society, a member of the editorial sonnets of the military history magazines "Tseikhgauz" and "Sergeant", costume designer of the film studio "Mosfilm". He took part in the creation of more than thirty films, many of which told about the events of past wars and other historical facts. Advised on uniforms for a number of films from different studios of the former USSR, Russia and foreign countries. The author of the well-known reference books "Uniforms of the Red Army and the Wehrmacht" and "Luftwaffe", published with handwritten illustrations. P.B. Lipatov owns a number of articles in various journals on issues of uniformology, the history of cinematography, the history of small arms, military equipment, armored vehicles - most also with illustrations. Illustrated books and articles by other authors.

The capital work "Reds" - the uniform and equipment of the Soviet Armed Forces from 1917 to 1935 - and a guide to the uniform of the German Navy in 1933-1945 are being prepared for publication. "Kriegsmarine". Both books are illustrated by the author.

Awarded with a medal and several badges.

THE BEGINNING AND GOALS OF THE WAR

On November 26, 1939, the positions of the Soviet troops near the village of Mainila on the border with Finland were fired upon by artillery, and on November 30 the war began.

Long developed under the guidance of B.M. Shaposhnikov in the General Staff did not approve the plan of a counterattack against the “presumptuous Finnish aggressors” in the Main Military Council of the Red Army. Comrade Stalin approved the "lightning" plan, developed in the fall of 1939 by the command and headquarters of the Leningrad Military District under the leadership of Commander 2nd Rank K.A. Meretskova.

Stalin's propaganda announced that the sole purpose of the campaign was to ensure the security of the northwestern borders of the Soviet Union and, first of all, Leningrad.

The purpose of this study is not to analyze the military operations of this difficult war for both belligerents. However, its appearance, the appearance of servicemen of all types of weapons were most closely connected with the time, place and "circumstances of the mode of action" of one of the shortest, most cruel and most "unknown" wars in the history of mankind.

THEATER OF WAR

The Karelian Isthmus, where the main hostilities unfolded over more than three winter months, is a hundred-kilometer strip from Lake Ladoga to the coast of the Gulf of Finland. On the isthmus, Soviet troops had to overcome the most powerful fortified defense line in the world - the Mannerheim Line.

In 1927, 32 km from Leningrad, with the participation of German, British, French and Belgian military specialists, a three-lane line of long-term fortifications up to 90 km deep was built - and was almost completed. It included 670 large pillboxes and bunkers, connected by trenches and communication passages with 800 underground casemates. 136 km of anti-tank obstacles with a depth of 15 to 60 km adjoined the Mannerheim line - several echeloned lines of forest blockages, wire nets, granite gouges, anti-tank ditches and scarps, minefields and wire barriers, interspersed with concrete and wood-and-earth firing structures that intercepted roads and interlake fashion shows. There were many lakes in Finland. The roads in that forested region were also part of the Finnish defense system.

Swamps and rivers, boulders and hills, even mountains, dense forests were added to the lakes - impenetrable taiga. The winter was always severe in these places in 1939-40. especially fierce and windy. Frosts reached 50 °, forty degrees stood for many days. The snow cover reached a meter, and even one and a half.

In such conditions it was necessary to overcome the foreground. And behind it lay a ten-kilometer main line of defense - 25 centers of resistance, each of which consisted of 3-4 strongholds (2-3 pillboxes and 3-5 pillboxes) with permanent garrisons ranging in strength from a company to a battalion. The positions of the field troops between the fortifications were covered by anti-tank and anti-personnel barriers.

The second defensive line of defense was separated from the main one by a distance of two to fifteen kilometers and in some places was connected with it by cut-off positions. The third line of defense covered Vyborg, which in turn was a fortress city. In total, there were more than two thousand long-term firing structures of various classes and types on the Mannerheim line - from multi-storey ones, with armored caps and several cannon and machine-gun embrasures, to giant “millionaire” pillboxes armed with one machine gun bunkers. Wire fences in some areas stood in dozens of rows - and not only on stakes, but also on rails dug into the ground.

And all these fortifications, long overgrown with forest, were thickly covered with snow. Snow covered glacial boulders, on which tanks with torn caterpillars got stuck. Snow covered the thin ice of lakes and abysses of swamps, preventing them from freezing to the bottom. Snow camouflaged the defending troops from the air and from the ground, the snow distorted the sounds of firing, interfering with artillery sound meters and misleading the infantry that came under fire.

According to all the canons of military science of that time, it was impossible to attack in such conditions, to break through fortified areas of such power. The Mannerheim Line was impregnable.

But Comrade Stalin set the task. And the Red Army fulfilled it, And not in the years of the siege - in three winter months. At the cost of huge losses.

Commander of the 7th Army Commander of the 2nd rank K.A. Meretskov, members of the Military Council of the Army T.F. Shtykov and divisional commissar N.N. Klementiev.

RELATION OF FORCES

Finland, with a population of less than four million, before the war created a 300,000-strong army and paramilitary formations "shutskor" - about a hundred thousand people. Karelian army of General H.V. Esterman - 7 infantry divisions, four separate infantry and cavalry brigades, several separate infantry battalions - covered the direction to Viipuri (Vyborg). To the south, on the coast, the Aland group operated. The Sortavala area was covered by the group of Colonel L. Talvel and the army corps of General Yu.V. Hägglund. The central section at Suomussalmi was the area of troops of the group of General V. Tuompo. A group of General E. Valenius was stationed in Lapland. In total, there were about 15 divisions - a maximum of 14,200 personnel in each, with 116 machine guns and 36 guns - of the Finnish troops of the first line. Three divisions were in reserve.

The artillery of the Finnish army - about 900 barrels - was armed with old Russian guns of various calibers and purposes, and quite modern guns and howitzers of English, French, German, Czech, Swedish origin, mortars. Coastal batteries were armed with good ten-inch guns. Artillerymen on the Mannerheim line had a well-established system of firing and fire interaction, they could fire at the tables, using the sighted landmarks and predetermined directors, while remaining invisible and invulnerable. It was possible to drown out the embrasure of the Finnish pillbox only almost point-blank, direct fire from a light gun - it was often impossible to pull up a heavy one.

By the beginning of the war, the Finnish Air Force had 270 (combat - 108) aircraft, mainly of British, French and Dutch designs, mainly fighters. Another 350 aircraft were received from Western states during the war. Besides. The West supplied the Finns with 500 artillery pieces, 6,000 machine guns, 100,000 rifles, millions of pieces of ammunition and other weapons and equipment. The Finns, however, counted on much more ...

Finland has a lot of people dressed in military style or out-door. And since people dress like that, it means that it is sold somewhere. Question: where? Today mWe are opening a new topic: Finnish army flea markets or military stores. We will publish here the addresses of army stores.

Helsinki

1 . X elsinki shop Varusteleka - b the unconditional number one in this thread. Take a look at their website and you will see that we are right. It is Finland's largest army clothing and equipment store, including an online store. Both used and new items are sold here. Valteri Lindholm created it in 2003 with a thousand euros on credit and a rusty van in which brave buyers tried on the goods they liked. Now Varusteleka consists of two large red brick production buildings, which employ more than 40 specialists.

Why Varusteleka? First, great selection of products. It is felt that the owner and his team do not eat their bread in vain. Product groups cover the whole variety of products related to the military theme - from khaki socks and bandit-style coats to Soviet-era children's gas masks. Clothing and equipment of the Bundeswehr, Finnish, American, Belgian, French, Russian, Soviet and other armies are offered. There is an offer for reenactors. Clothing, footwear and paraphernalia of the Finnish firms Sarma and Terava, which produce goods for the army, are presented. If necessary, you can adjust the clothes and make an engraving. By the way, we found a Russian-made children's vest on the site for 16.95 euros.

Excellent navigation and page in English.

Opening hours: Monday - Friday 10 - 20, Saturday 10 - 18, Sunday closed.

Two hours of free parking, taxi-free, major European cards accepted.

The two warehouses and the Varusteleka store are located in large red brick buildings in the Konola district of Helsinki near the intersection of Ring I (Keha I) and Vihdintie (road number 120).

Store address: Ruosilantie, 2 Helsinki

Minus: there is no page in English.

Plus: there is a store in Helsinki.

Address: Pohjoinen Hesperiankatu 15, 00260 Helsinki

Working hours: Mon-Fri from 10 am to 6 pm, Saturday from 10 am to 3 pm.

Hamina

The Armyvaatteet military and outdoor clothing and equipment store is located in the Itavayla shopping center, which is located on route 170, behind Hamina, if you drive from the border.

Some things look very attractive. The pilot jacket is light, warm and high quality. I can't remember the exact price, something like 350 euros.

EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT OF THE FINNISH LAND FORCES AND AIR FORCE

The color of the uniforms of the Finnish army was mouse-gray, close to the German field gray of the First World War. The cut also experienced some German influence.

Officer jackets on six oxidized buttons with a heraldic Finnish lion standing on its hind legs had sewn-on smooth, or with bow folds, chest pockets with three-arm button flaps and a stand-up collar, on which figured buttonholes with insignia were sewn. The patch bottom pockets were smooth, with curly flaps. Double-seam sleeves were made without cuffs, there was no edging on the jackets. Order ribbons were attached above the left breast pocket.

Jackets of soldiers and non-commissioned officers were similar in cut, but of poorer quality fabric. Shoulder straps tapering to a button, on a uniform arr. 1936 had slightly concave edge lines. These jackets were used as service and field uniforms.

On solemn occasions and even as an everyday uniform at the front, officers and generals wore uniforms decorated with galloons on the collar, cuffs and three-armed, with buttons, cuff flaps, similar in cut to jackets, but with a special arrangement of insignia at the corners of the collar. A starched collar was fastened to the collar. The lion buttons were gold.

Aglets - and even then rarely - were worn by some adjutants and general staff officers who received military academic education abroad. Aglets were woven according to the Russian model and worn on the right shoulder. Marshal Mannerheim largely supported the traditions of the Russian imperial army in his troops.

Marshal of Finland K.G.E. Mannerheim with his generals (photo 1941).

The navy blue open uniform of the officers-pilots was an English-cut jacket with four golden large buttons, patch pockets with bow pleats and three-arm flaps. A white shirt with a black tie relied on the jacket. Rank insignia in the form of gold galloons were worn above the cuffs with three small buttons at the elbow seam. A winged propeller was attached to the shoulder straps above the heraldic lion worn by all officers and generals of the army and aviation. The breeches were in the color of a jacket, but they could also be worn gray, from a field uniform - this was practiced at the front.

Air Force officers wore a gray uniform with buttonholes on the collar and no patches on the sleeves of jackets with a blue flight cap. The chest pockets of the pilots' jackets were decorated with bow folds. The equipment was worn both black, adopted by the Air Force, and army brown. Boots with hard tops were only black.

Breeches worn with boots were made of the same gray material as the jacket, or slightly different in shade and tone. Soldier's trousers were worn, like breeches, with suspenders. Straight cut, narrowed at the bottom, they were tucked into strong high leather boots, or pressed with swing leggings to the berets of ski boots. The lows of the trousers could also be tucked into thick knitted socks worn with boots.

The old cavalryman, Marshal Mannerheim, wore blue cavalry breeches with double general stripes and yellow piping, and excellent patent leather boots with fastened spurs. The marshal had jackets and uniforms not only of a general army cut, but also without side lower pockets, with a closed clasp, even without insignia - the whole Suomi knew the face of the commander-in-chief. But the troops subordinate to him were not dressed very uniformly, although every effort was made to provide them.

During the Winter War, and in subsequent years, the Finns used stocks of old uniforms mod. 1922 and 1927 The insignia on the uniforms sometimes remained the same as before, but at the front they used the insignia arr. 1936 - they will be discussed below - buttonholes, chevrons on the shoulder straps, sleeve officer galloons and others. The old uniforms, in the first place, went to the militias from the shutskor, the rear non-combatant ranks, who had transferred to the troops, but there was enough of it in the troops of the first line. From the uniforms of arr, 1936, the jackets of 1927 were distinguished by double toes of the lower pockets and double buttons, as well as low cut-off cuffs with two buttons sewn longitudinally. The cloth of collars and cuffs could be darker than the main fabric, the fabric itself was rather rough and fleecy. Therefore, the jackets sat a little baggy. The dark cuffs of early-style jackets were decorated with three buttons placed vertically at the elbow seam. For sergeants and officers - and for many soldiers - the cuffs were crossed by vertical flaps with three buttons. Large hooks for a waist belt were sewn into the sides of the jackets. The soldier's jacket, cut off at the back at the waist, was intercepted with a strap with two buttons almost at the back corners of the flaps of the inflated side pockets. Two semi-bow folds extended from the buttons to the hem of the jacket. There was a slot on the jackets of the cadets.

Finns put on camouflage jackets directly on their uniform, without outerwear.

A 5-cm bow fold was laid on the back of the Finnish soldier's overcoat, tied at the waist with a straight strap with rounded ends, and stitched at the top with a corner slightly below the collar. A leather waist belt with a single-pronged buckle or a German-type badge with a Finnish lion in a round wreath rested on the strap. The length of the overcoat was just below the knees.

The roll of the overcoat in the summer was fastened to the lid and sides of a German-style soldier's satchel.

The officer's overcoat did not roll into a roll, but it was distinguished from the soldier's only by the good quality of gray, with a light mouse green, cloth and length to the middle of the calves, as well as good tailor's work. The cut of the double-breasted overcoat - six buttons on the side - was similar to the German one: smooth, without reliefs, camp, high, but not turned away, like the Germans, cuffs, dark cloth on the collar. But the side pockets with straight flaps were cut horizontally, like the overcoats of Russian officers.

Russian traditions in the Finnish army, thanks to the influence of Mannerheim, were surprisingly strong. The silhouette of an officer's cap with a small bottom and a low crown stretched over a hoop resembled uniform caps that existed at the beginning of the century. But the design was closer to the German one: on the crown there was a national cockade, on the band an officer's. A thin silver double cord was fastened over the visor with silver buttons. The edge around the bottom and the band were dark gray. The visors of the general's caps were embroidered with two thick garlands of golden oak leaves.

The pilots wore dark blue peaked caps larger than those in the ground forces. The black band was decorated with a large embroidered emblem in the form of a gold wreath on a black flap with a silver eagle flying between the ends of the branches. Under the eagle, a red and gold officer's cockade with a lion was pinned to the wreath. The cap had a cord over the visor.

The non-commissioned officer's cockade differed from the officer's in the silver color of the entire surface. Like an officer, it was attached below the national one on caps and an old-style cap. The privates wore only the national, white and blue cockade in the form of a simple, without corrugation along the edge, a smooth circle.

The Finnish cap with a set-in bottom and a piping along the lapel was supplied with a fastened leather chin strap with buckles. The strap could be worn along the front, could pull the cap across through the top. The cockade was pinned to the cap over a small notch in the lapel.

The sides of the old caps-pies were fastened to the cap with small buttons at the upper edges.

A steel helmet could be worn on a soft soldier cap, but usually it was worn directly on the head. Leather petal shock absorber of a deep German horned helmet arr. 1916 and its modifications provided a good and comfortable fit for the helmet. The Finns also had their own type of helmet, somewhat similar in shape to the German and Soviet arr. 1936 But the majority of Finnish soldiers, both in the peaceful pre-war years and during the Second World War, wore gray or field gray German helmets. The Germans supplied the Finns with their helmets arr. 1935, and Czechoslovak and even Italian. Apparently, the Finns were not too concerned about the uniformity of the armor on their heads - the main thing was that there was protection.

There were no emblems on the helmets, but the rangers had homemade images of a skull and a pair of skis under it on the frontal part of the dome. Sometimes they drew a Finnish swastika, a skeleton, etc.

A chin strap was fastened to the old-style cap. On the front of the cap, both the national and Unter cockades were pinned. The lapels on each side were fastened with two vertically planted buttons. Some officers also wore such caps.

A round ski hat with a small semicircular visor, covered with fabric, and a turn-off nape, fastened in front with two vertically sewn buttons, was a widespread autumn and winter headdress among the troops. The cap of the hat had a quilted warm lining. In front, at the seam of the bottom, a cockade was attached according to the rank. The Finnish hat was made of gray uniform cloth. The ease of manufacture and practicality of the cap led to the spread of its analogues in other armies, for example, the well-known Wehrmacht mountain cap, and then the uniform cap.

Finnish earflaps resembled Russian ones, but were deeper and rounder, made of natural gray fur or sheepskin. On a semicircular forehead, national and officer (or non-commissioned officer) cockades were pinned one under the other, or only a soldier's.

Under any headdress in winter, a knitted woolen balaclava could be worn, covering both the back of the head and neck.

Finnish officers, along with caps and earflaps, wore cloth caps with large lapels made of sheared sheepskin. The collars of long officer overcoats were made of short-shorn dark sheepskin, light sheepskin was on the sides and back of many ski caps. The lapels of the dark blue aviator caps were trimmed with dark brown and black sheepskin. In the collapse of the lapels, two cockades were attached one above the other to the cap.

Finnish soldiers during a break between battles.

But Finnish pilots flew in leather helmets. A warm winter lining made of sheared sheepskin, and, if necessary, a knitted sports cap under the helmet, protected from any frost. The face was covered with glasses with oval glasses - German, English, French production. The oxygen mask also served as additional protection from the cold at high altitude. Overalls were worn over the cloth uniform and sweater. The Finnish winter flight overalls on sheepskin had a turn-down sheepskin collar, a long zipper beveled to the right and a beveled pocket with a zipper cut on the left chest. A feature of the Finnish overalls were deep, without valves, sinus pockets sewn below the knees from seam to seam, for which it was possible to lay a folded map, signal rockets, etc. The low sleeves and low trousers were fastened with long “zippers”. This made it possible to fasten the legs over the boots or to set them into the tops with a front “zipper” - much later, such warm boots were called “Alaskas” in our country. The holster was hung on the left thigh on a long strap with a buckle and two carbines. Covered with light canvas, fur mittens did not have bells, but reached the lower third of the elbows. The overalls were tied with a soft belt from the same dark avizent. which covered its inner sheepskin shell, but could also be girdled with an ordinary leather officer's belt - black aviation, brown army.

Finns had British, American, French, German parachutes - as well as airplanes. The parachute satchel could serve as a seat cushion for the pilot.

Accustomed to the cold climate of their country, the Finns by no means neglected fur clothing. Comfortable officer jackets with sheepskin or dog fur, sheepskin short coats, covered with cloth or naked, were widely used at the front.

Officers' short fur coats had a high, to the waist, shifted to the right vent, patch side pockets with flaps and a straight-cut back with a raised middle seam. Unlike white Soviet ones, Finnish sheepskin coats were often dyed grey; the fur on the collar was dark tones.

Fur-lined leather gloves and mittens, knitted double gloves, mittens (often decorated with patterns), home-knitted scarves on the front were worn by all ranks. Officer gloves were usually made of brown leather.

The insulated jacket of the pea coat type, with a fur collar, was covered with a gray army canvas raincoat fabric. The double-breasted fastener for four buttons was carried out not on welt, but on external loops. The length of the jacket was to the middle of the thighs, pockets cut through the floors, covered with horizontal flaps. The insignia on the jacket was worn only on the sleeves. But since the top button was unbuttoned, the half-open sides made it possible to see buttonholes on the collar of a jacket or uniform.

Over their uniforms, the repairmen wore loose, light-grey canvas overalls with turn-down collars.

Finnish tankers fought on their few tanks, dressed similarly to the French - in black or dark brown leather jackets with a double-breasted zipper over a regular army uniform with appropriate insulation - a sweater, fur or sheepskin vest. Under jackets, over a uniform and a fur sleeveless jacket, they often wore overalls with numerous pockets, almost the same as those of repairmen. Helmets were used of the French type, adopted in many European countries - steel helmets of the "Adrian" type with a riveted long comb and a thick leather roller in place of the front visor. Subsequently, the Finns switched to tank special uniforms of Soviet models.

The marching equipment of the Finnish soldier was very similar to the German one from the time of Kaiser Wilhelm. A knapsack with a canvas lid, to which a universal aluminum bowler hat with a ladle lid was attached by loops and straps, was put on with the help of thick and wide brown leather shoulders with iron hooks and half rings, the hooks clung to the loops of triple pouches of brown leather of the Mauser type. Under a knapsack or a canvas backpack with pockets on the right side of the belt, a semicircular canvas bread bag was hung with a flask in a cloth case attached to one of the lid rings with a carabiner.

The Finns are considering a captured Soviet machine gun.

On the left side of the belt hung a shoulder blade in a framed leather case with a belt loop. Between the shoulder blade and the left pouch, a loop of a leather blade for the bayonet sheath was put on the belt - the hook of the metal sheath was threaded into the hole on the front of the blade.

The hilt of the Finnish bayonet was with a German-style handle, but the guard was with a ring for the muzzle of the barrel and a slightly curved barbel. The bayonet blade had almost the same section as the Mauser one, but was 1/5 longer than the German one.

A canvas gas mask bag was worn on a strap over the left shoulder and placed in front of a bread bag. The Finns met German gas masks in corrugated round canisters.

The rifle was worn on the march on the left shoulder, while skiing - over the left shoulder behind the back or over the right shoulder on the chest, if it was convenient for a single skier.

Light machine guns were worn, put on the left shoulder, or on a chase belt fastened to the sling swivels.

All officers and many non-commissioned officers were armed with pistols. Revolvers were rare.

The German-made Parabellum was carried in a regular wedge-shaped holster with a deep stamped cover and a clip pocket on the front rib. A similar Finnish pistol "23" could be invested in both German and Finnish holsters with a valve cover that covered the clip pocket on the front wall of the case and fastened with a strap that was passed through the bracket. Pistols of foreign systems, as a rule, were worn in holsters that were supposed to be attached to them or in wooden stocks-butts. "Lahti 35" was also equipped with a wooden buttstock, but could also be supplied with a leather holster. Holsters were worn most often on the left.

Officers' field bags in the Finnish army were similar to the German ones, which had short lid flaps with fastening tongues and triple brackets. Shoulder straps were fastened to the bags, but they were also worn on the belt on the right. The binoculars were put into a case with a belt loop and a neck strap.

Glossy brown leather was used for belts, holsters and bags. The buckle of the officer's belt was frame brass, with rounded corners, with two teeth, and in the French manner was often supplemented with a side brass peg for the free end of the belt. The harness was worn over the right shoulder, fastened to brass half-rings sewn into the belt.

The orderlies of the Finnish army wore white armbands with a red cross on their left sleeves. In the Winter War, they had enough work at the front and in the rear. The war did not make out either gender, or age, or military rank.

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LXXXI. EQUIPMENT AND ARMAMENT OF THE TEMPORARY TROOPS 1854 Nov. 26 - The rules on the formation of the Imperial Family Rifle Regiment and the following description of clothing and weapons were approved (Fig. 1313 and 1314): For officers. A hat of dark green cloth of Russian cut, quadrangular, with

From the book Winter War author Lipatov Pavel Borisovich

CLOTHING FOR THE GRAND AND AIR FORCES OF THE RKKA The uniform style of the Red Army was formed already in the mid-20s, after all the reforms and experiments of the Civil War and the first post-war years. During the period described, the Red Army wore uniforms,

From the book Winter War author Lipatov Pavel Borisovich

WINTER EQUIPMENT, TRAVELING EQUIPMENT In peacetime, the winter uniform included an overcoat - commander's or Red Army - with buttonholes and other insignia and a peaked Budyonovka helmet. In September 1927, the last sample of winter cloth was introduced in the Red Army

From the book Soviet Rocket Forces author Astashenkov Petr Timofeevich

Affairs and Days of the Rocketmen of the Ground Forces There is not a single branch of our Armed Forces that would not change radically after the re-equipment with rocket technology. This also applies to our Land Forces, covered with glory in the battles of the Great Patriotic War.

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Finnish form of the second world war. Uniforms and equipment of the Finnish ground forces and air force

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