A detailed analysis of Alexander Pushkin's poem to Chaadaev. BUT

"To Chaadaev" Alexander Pushkin

Love, hope, quiet glory
The deceit did not live long for us,
Gone are the funs of youth
Like a dream, like a morning mist;
But desire still burns in us,
Under the yoke of fatal power
With an impatient soul
Fatherland heed the invocation.
We wait with longing hope
Minutes of liberty of the saint,
As a young lover waits
Minutes of true goodbye.
While we burn with freedom
As long as hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, we will devote to the fatherland
Souls wonderful impulses!
Comrade, believe: she will rise,
Star of captivating happiness
Russia will wake up from sleep
And on the ruins of autocracy
Write our names!

Analysis of Pushkin's poem "To Chaadaev"

The poem "To Chaadaev", written by Pushkin in 1818, is still considered the literary anthem of the Decembrists. This work has a rather unusual history, since the author did not plan to publish it. However, written down from the words of the poet while reading in a narrow circle of friends, the poem "To Chaadaev" began to be passed from hand to hand until it was published with some distortions in the almanac "Northern Star" only in 1929. Nevertheless, it was thanks to this work that Alexander Pushkin, who was friends with many Decembrists, gained the fame of a freethinker, as a result of which the poet was twice in exile, where he was sent by Tsar Alexander I, who did not want the poet to “confuse minds” with his poems high society.

Pyotr Chaadaev was an old friend of Pushkin, with whom the poet had not only warm and trusting relations, but also common aspirations. As a lyceum student, Pushkin liked to talk for a long time with Chaadaev, who by that time was already a student at Moscow University, discussing the political situation in Russia with a friend. With age, friendship only grew stronger, and Pyotr Chaadaev was one of the few whom Pushkin trusted with his most secret dreams and desires. An example of this is the poem "To Chaadaev", the first lines of which contain a hint of the carefree youth of two young people, intoxicated by their literary success and public recognition. Besides, between the lines in the first quatrain there is a clear disappointment with the reign of Alexander I, who proclaimed himself a liberal and a reformer, but the regime of his rule was marked by a tough period of reaction, repression and subsequent suppression of the Decembrist uprising.

Further, the poet notes that imaginary glory and youthful maximalism could not kill in his soul the desire to change the world for the better and rid Russia of autocracy. At the same time, Alexander Pushkin focuses the attention of readers on the fact that the abolition of serfdom, which the tsarist regime proclaimed in words, has not yet happened. “We are waiting with languor for the moment of freedom of the saint,” the poet writes, implying that his generation has not yet lost hope for change. political system. At the same time, Pushkin understands that neither the tsar nor his entourage, mired in vices, will ever agree to voluntarily make concessions.

That's why the last lines of the poem "To Chaadaev" contain an open call for the overthrow of the autocracy. It is noteworthy that such an idea, voiced in Pushkin's work, was expressed so openly and boldly for the first time. The young poet, who by this time had already ceased to believe in the numerous promises of the king, was not going to advertise his point of view. And this fact is confirmed by many biographers of Pushkin, noting that the poem "To Chaadaev" was delivered to the addressee, and soon Pushkin himself simply forgot about the existence of this masterpiece of literary freethinking. By that time, Pyotr Chaadaev was not only a member of the secret Masonic lodge, but also managed to join the society of future Decembrists called the Union of Welfare. The participants perceived Pushkin's poem as a call to action, believing that "our names will be written on the ruins of autocracy." Subsequently, when the conspiracy against the tsar was discovered, and many representatives of the famous noble families went to Siberia, Alexander Pushkin repeatedly reproached himself for his negligence and regretted that he could not share the fate of people who were close to him in spirit, rightly believing that it was the poem "K Chaadaev" forced the Decembrists to make an attempt coup d'état. Therefore, the name of Pushkin is inextricably linked with the Decembrists, whom he inspired to an open struggle against the autocracy, later sung by many Russian poets.

Back in 1818 this poem gained wide popularity in the circles of the Decembrists and became their literary anthem. It was not planned to be published and was written for reading in narrow circles, but the transfer from hand to hand did its job and already in 1929 the poem “To Chaadaev”, distorted in style, was published in the anthology “Northern Star”. In the circles of the Decembrists, thanks to this work, A. Pushkin gained fame as a freethinker, but due to a number of poems, he was in exile more than once.

History of writing

Chaadaev was a longtime friend of Pushkin, with whom they loved to discuss politics, things happening in Russia since their lyceum times. After many years, their friendship only gained strength, they trusted each other with all their secrets, desires and dreams. Pushkin said that Chaadaev is a real happiness that makes his life richer. So, in the first lines of the verse “To Chaadaev” it is said about the carefree youthful years when they did not have serious problems, and they only became intoxicated with public recognition and literary success. In addition, in the first quatrain one can see criticism towards Alexander I, condemnation of his reforms, suppression of the Decembrists and endless repressions.

In the following lines, Pushkin says that fame and youthful maximalism could not suppress the desire to make the world a better place, starting, of course, with Russia, so that the inveterate autocracy would disappear. Special attention focused on what serfdom has not yet been canceled, despite the royal order. The poet expresses dissatisfaction, acting as the leader of the opinions of the youth of that time, but still understands that higher authorities they are unlikely to make concessions, so much they are mired in lies and depravity.

It is precisely because of this that in the last lines of his work “To Chaadaev”, Pushkin calls on the people overthrow the autocracy. Previously, no one dared to make such an open call. But it should be remembered that Pushkin was not going to advertise such a violent point of view at all, and initially this poem was only for a narrow circle of people, more precisely, for the Decembrists.

By the time of the active distribution of the work, Peter Chaadaev himself had already taken the place of a member of the Masonic lodge and joined the Decembrist society, called the “Union of Welfare”. The latter just accepted the lines of the poem as an explicit call, for which they were sent to Siberia. After the sad event, Pushkin was killed for a long time, wanting to alleviate the fate of his friends, but could not do anything for this.

What two distinct parts can a verse be divided into?

• lyrical appeal to a friend;
• civil appeal to the people.

Genre and composition

In the poem “To Chaadaev” we see a message, but, as a rule, the message is addressed to good friend or the lady of the heart (which is classified as a lyrical work), and here the appeal to the whole people dominates. Thus, Pushkin created a new genre - a civil message.

The composition of this work built through antithesis, which indicates the presence of contrast. If the beginning is saturated with sadness, youthful longing, then the ending is full of accusatory mood.

It is worth noting that Pushkin used socio-political vocabulary to reveal the theme of the work.

It includes words such as:

• homeland;
• oppression;
• power.

They were characteristic of the times of the Decembrists, and many young authors, without stint, filled their creations with them, trying to induce people to take action.

Idea Analysis

In addition to the appeal, the author tries to reflect the difficult transition, called growing up. Especially the growing up of a person as a full-fledged citizen who will participate in the affairs of his homeland, defend her honor and be truly faithful. At the beginning of the poem, you can see how all the charms youthful life(quiet glory, hope, love) turn into nothing under the yoke of an adult and difficult fate.

hopes little boy to freedom and glory are questioned. That is why Pushkin compares them with a fleeting dream, fog - they are able to dissipate just as quickly, leaving no trace behind.

In the second part, Pushkin's feelings develop into something more - an appeal not to his desires, but to desires of the people, motherland.

The size of the poem is iambic tetrameter.

The sound of the poem, analysis of its mood

The poem sounds solemn, cheerful. It calls people to move, since it is addressed not only to Chaadaev, but to the entire Russian population. Pushkin calls on people to serve the Fatherland, to remain faithful to it and not to allow repression by the government. There are lines in the work showing that the Fatherland is suffering under the yoke of power, and it needs to be saved, helped to get out of this terrible trap, released.

A significant role in the poem "To Chaadaev" is played by the concept of honor. Only in this case it plays the role of conscience - a call to goodness and nobility. If a person is ready to let conscience into his soul, then he will not remain indifferent to his own Motherland and stand up for her freedom.

On this, the analysis of Pushkin's poem "To Chaadaev" and the analysis of the topic came to an end.

The young lyceum student A. Pushkin met Chaadaev in 1816 at the home of Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin, a well-known Russian historian and writer. Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev was transferred to the Hussar Life Guards Regiment as an adjutant to Adjutant General Vasilchikov. Young people quickly converged in character. More experienced and educated, who participated in the battles with the French, Chaadaev influenced the moral and civil formation Pushkin.

- only one of those that the poet dedicated to his friend and like-minded person. In it, he seems to continue his long-standing dispute with a friend. The poem was written with youthful maximalism and romantic mood, from which the young poet has not yet had time to get rid of, in the guise of his older and more experienced friend.

The whole poem was not printed during the life of the poet, but it quickly sold out in the lists. And each copyist tried to add something from himself. Therefore, about 70 variants and discrepancies of this work are known. This poem was recognized as freedom-loving, and belonged to the forbidden. If they talked about him, then in a close circle secret societies that emerged after Patriotic War 1812. The poem "To Chaadaev" was one of those for which Pushkin fell into disgrace with the government and was exiled to the south.

not known and exact date writing this work. But Pushkinists believe that it was written in 1818 and link its writing with the speech of Alexander I at the Polish Assembly held in the spring of 1818. At this Diet, the emperor spoke about the possibility of introducing in Russia constitutional monarchy, but Pushkin did not believe the tsar's liberal promises.

There is another point of view regarding the date of writing this work. It was expressed by the historian and philologist V.V. Pugachev, who believes that the poem was written in 1820. This was the year of the most lively disputes between Pushkin and Chaadaev about the overthrow of tsarism. Chaadaev was against violence, Pushkin called for revolution. The same call in a slightly veiled form sounds in the poem. That is why it became the anthem of the Decembrists.

The poem was first published in 1906. From the moment of writing until the moment of publication, 4 emperors have changed on the Russian throne. The author of the poem died in a duel, and Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev was declared insane for his "philosophical letters". However, this did not prevent him from continuing his journalistic activities, participating in ideological meetings of Moscow democrats. During his lifetime, Chaadaev was not published, no one wanted to be in the place of Teleskop, in one of the issues of which a Philosophical Letter was published that criticized Russian reality.

“My friend, let us dedicate our souls to the Fatherland with wonderful impulses!” Analysis of the poem "To Chaadaev".

The theme of freedom continues in other poems of the poet, but the brightest and most significant of the youthful freedom-loving works is “To Chaadaev” (1818).

Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev is one of the brightest and remarkable natures of the Pushkin era.
Pushkin and Chaadaev met in 1816 at the home of the Karamzins. Chaadaev is 22 years old, he is a cornet of the Life Guards Hussars, covered with the glory of the battles of the war of 1812, who came with the Russian army to Paris itself. Pushkin is a lyceum student, he is 17 years old. They quickly became close and, despite the difference in age, became friends, and then friends. Pushkin admired Chaadaev, absorbed, like a sponge, his freedom-loving speeches, drew a friend on the margins of his manuscripts.

This is the person to whom one of Pushkin's best poems is addressed.
Let's read it.

What is its sound like? What intonations prevail in it?

The poem sounds upbeat, solemn, it inspires to fight for the happiness of the Fatherland, calls to serve it. It is this high call that is the leading intonation of the work.

In what way is the poem "To Chaadaev" consonant with the ode "Liberty"? What images of him resonate with her?

Both “To Chaadaev” and “Liberty” are devoted to the same theme, and in both works there is a passionate call to the struggle for freedom:
"Tyrants of the world! Tremble! / And you take courage and listen, / Arise, fallen slaves ”

“As long as we burn with freedom, / As long as our hearts are alive for honor, / My friend, Let us devote to the Fatherland / Beautiful impulses of soul!”.

Many images in them have something in common: “autocratic villain” - “fragments of autocracy”, “Holy liberty”, - unrighteous power” - “under the yoke of fatal power”.

Which of these images, in your opinion, is the leading one in the poem "to Chaadaev"? This is “Holy Liberty”, which the Fatherland and the lyrical hero of the poem crave, he is waiting for it “with languor of hope”.

How do you see this "Liberty"? Draw a verbal portrait of her.

Ninth graders often draw the image of a young girl in a white dress, standing on top of some kind of cliff or rock. The wind ruffles her loose hair, flutters her dress. Clouds rush over the girl’s head, illuminated by the rays of the sun, and at the foot of the cliff the sea is raging…

What do you think, what in Pushkin's poem suggested to you the image of a girl?

Yes, the very feeling of the poet, who is impatiently waiting for a meeting with the "Liberty of the Saint", "as a young lover is waiting / Minutes of faithful rendezvous." Liberty is associated with his beloved.

What makes you think about this comparison of the poet?

Liberty is desirable for him just like his beloved: it causes languor, trembling, hope in his heart ...
How are the images of Liberty and Fatherland connected in the poem?

The Fatherland calls for help (“We listen to the calling of the Fatherland”), because it suffers “under the yoke of fatal power”, it is waiting for release from it, waiting for the “Liberty of the Saint”.

Liberty is what she needs, like air, like bread, like water ... Think about the poet's invocative words full of youthful strength:
While we burn with freedom
As long as hearts are alive for honor,
My friend, we will dedicate to the Fatherland
Souls wonderful impulses!

In what sense is the word "honour" used here?

Honor here is a synonym for conscience - an internal call to goodness, denial of evil, nobility. If “hearts are alive for honor”, ​​then you will not remain indifferent to the fate of the Fatherland, then you will join the battle for its freedom.

And thanks to the common efforts of the faithful sons of the Fatherland, a “star of captivating happiness” will surely rise over Russia, that is, it will become free, only “fragments” will remain of the autocracy, on which the names of those who will be written will be written.
dedicated "souls wonderful impulses" to the Fatherland.

Pay attention to the fact that this poem seems to be framed by the motif of a dream:
“Young amusements have disappeared, like a dream…” and “Russia will wake up from sleep…”,
What is the meaning of this motif at the beginning of the poem and what at the end?

At the beginning, a dream is an illusion associated with the hope of change, which hot young hearts are waiting for “with languor of hope”. In the end, the dream is associated with the age-old stupor of Russia in the shackles of slavery - serfdom, it is from this stupor that the country must rise. The illusion of “quiet glory”, peaceful appeal to justice dissipates, “like a dream, like morning fog”, the “calling of the Fatherland” becomes more audible.

It is those who hear this “calling” who are able to destroy the age-old dream of Russia and return it to a free, full life.

Consider G. Klodt's illustration to Pushkin's poem "To Chaadaev". What does she remind?(Emblem, coat of arms.)

A PHOTO
Decipher the symbols of this emblem: a torch is a symbol of freedom burning in the chest of a lyrical hero, chains are a symbol of slavery, scrolls symbolize a poetic word, a call to action and at the same time resemble a lyre with their outlines.

Why do you think the artist chose this style?

The poem itself is in many ways akin to the emblem of freedom fighters, this is evidenced by the images-symbols, images-emblems that we meet in the work.

In the coat of arms and emblem, all symbols have their own meaning, carry a certain idea, they themselves unfold only when looking at them; so in Pushkin's poem, images - symbols do not require explanation, they themselves lead both visual and semantic series, suggesting thoughts, actions, deeds.

That is why this poem was so loved by the future Decembrists, that is why practically all those arrested in connection with the uprising had lists of it.

ANOTHER ANALYSIS

This poem is one of the most famous
political works of Alexander Sergeevich
Pushkin. It is written in the genre of a friendly message
niya. In the 19th century it was a common literary
tour genre, to which Pushkin often addressed
co. A friendly message implies the ultimate
sincerity, but this does not mean at all that the poem
the creation was created only for the named person - it
addressed to a wide range of readers.
It is known that Pushkin did not plan to publish
message "To Chaadaev". However, the poem
written down from the words of the poet while reading in a narrow
circle of friends, began to be passed from hand to hand
and soon became widely known, although omitted
it was glared only in 1829. Thanks to
to him the glory of a freethinker was assigned to the author, and
the poem is still called literary
anthem of the Decembrists.
The poem is addressed to one of the wonderful
neishik people of his time and close friend
Pushkin to Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev. At 16
Chaadaev joined the Semyonov Guards Regiment,
who went from Borodino to Paris. In 1818
year in which the poem was written, he served
in the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, later became famous
nym philosopher and publicist. He was for Pushkin
exemplary commitment to liberation ideas
(in 1821 Chaadaev became a member of the secret Decembrist
Society "Union of Welfare").
in the first lines of the message "To Chaadaev" contains
there is a hint of the carefree youth of two young
of people. Peaceful pleasures and amusements, hopes
fortunately, dreams of literary glory connected friends:

Love, hope, quiet glory
The deceit did not live long for us,
Gone are the funs of youth
Like a dream, like a morning mist...
The epithet quiet (glory) indicates that
friends dreamed of a quiet, peaceful happiness. Speaking of
that "young fun" has disappeared, Pushkin cites
capacious and vivid comparison: “like a dream, like a morning
fog". And in fact, neither from sleep, nor from the morning
there is no fog left.
These lines are clearly disappointing.
the reign of Alexander 1. It is known that the first
the steps of the young emperor instilled in the subjects
hope that his reign will be liberal
(Alexander 1 even discussed with his closest friends-
We have plans to turn Russia into a constitutional
monarchy), but this hope was not justified.
In the conditions of political oppression and lack of rights, "quiet
glory" was simply impossible.
Then the poet says: “We are waiting for ... a minute of liberty
sainthood ", The epithet saint testifies
about a high understanding of " liberties". Comparison:
“How a young lover waits / Minutes of the faithful
goodbye, ”emphasizes the passionate desire of the poet
wait for the "liberties of the saint" And even confidence in
the implementation of this (a sure date).
The poem contrasts two images:
"fatal power" and "fatherland":
Under the yoke of fatal power
With an impatient soul
Fatherland heed the invocation.
The epithet fatal acquires great power
(power) - cruel, inhuman. And the poet's homeland
calls her father; choosing from a range of synonyms
the most intimate and spiritual meaning.
It is important to note that the poet speaks not only about his
feelings - it expresses the thoughts and desires of many
of his like-minded people: “But there is still burning in us-
lanier"; "We are waiting with languor of hope"
What does the "star of captivating happiness" mean?
which should come up? In political vocabulary
of that era, the word "star" often symbolized
revolution, and the rising of the star - victory in the liberation
body struggle. No wonder the Decembrists Kondraty
Ryleev and Alexander Bestuzhev named their al-
manah " polar Star". Of course, Pushkin
accidentally chose this word in a message addressed to
to your friends.
Addressing the reader with a fiery appeal:
“My friend, we will devote to the fatherland / Beautiful souls
impulses,” the poet expresses confidence that
“Russia will wake up from sleep, / And on the ruins of self-government
stya / / They will write our names! ”, The words“ fragments of sa-
power" mean the coming fall of the autocracy
wiya. The poet calls for selfless service
homeland, to fight for freedom. For him, the concept of "pa-
triotism” and “freedom” are inseparable from each other. But
Pushkin understands that voluntarily make concessions
the king would not agree. That is why in the last

Pushkin's rapprochement with noble revolutionaries, among whom were K.F. Ryleev, F.N. Glinka, M.F. Orlov, N.I. Turgenev, participation in the Arzamas society played a big role in shaping the poet's views on reality. It did not pass without a trace for the poet's work. At this time, he creates such freedom-loving poems as "Liberty", "To Chaadaev", "Village", which are united by the revolutionary mood of the poet.

The poem "To Chaadaev", written by the poet in 1818, gained immense popularity, especially among the progressive youth of that time. The political power of the poem is evidenced by the fact that the work long years was not in print, but was distributed in handwritten form.

Officer of the Life Guards Hussar Regiment, participant in the war with Napoleon P.Ya. Chaadaev and Pushkin were close friends. Chaadaev was abroad during the Decembrist uprising and could not take part in the events on Senate Square. Although the poem is a friendly message, it also reflects civic motives. This is an appeal in the person of a friend to all progressive youth. Chaadaev is both a concrete person and a generalized image of a progressively thinking dissatisfied with reality young man 10-20 years of the XIX century.

In the first lines of the poem, the poet's sadness is expressed about the hopes that disappeared like a dream, like a morning mist, which meant transformations into state structure, after all, a progressively minded society wanted and waited for reforms that would make life easier, especially for serfs.

“But desire still burns in us;
Under the yoke of fatal power
With an impatient soul
Fatherland heed the invocation.

That is, the poet expresses his readiness to take up the matter himself, if the authorities themselves do not want reforms. Pushkin's views are already marked by radicalism.

Pushkin calls Chaadaev a friend and comrade. If everything is clear with the first word, then the second word carries the implication that the poet does not separate himself from the struggle for the freedom of his homeland. The freedom of the fatherland is understood mainly as liberation from the shackles of autocracy:

“... And on the ruins of autocracy
Write our names!

What's this? Is this not a call for a radical transformation of the political system? Pushkin does not appear so sharply in his other ideologically close poems. There he is more a supporter of gradual transformations than a radical.

The poem is replete with vocabulary typical of the rebellious style of the Decembrists. This is confirmed by the words: fatherland, star, honor, freedom, power, autocracy. For the Decembrists, the word star was a symbol of revolution. Pushkin also sounds faith in the victory of the revolution:

“Comrade, believe: she will rise, the Star of captivating happiness ...”

Pushkin's innovation is also observed in the poem. He successfully combined the genre of the message, with characteristic intimate lyrics, and the appeal, which absorbed civil lyrics.