Vladimir Mayakovsky - Good attitude towards horses: Verse. Good relationship with horses

Topic: From the literature of the XX century

Lesson: Poem by V.V. Mayakovsky " Good relationship to the horses"

Tall, broad-shouldered, with masculine and sharp features, Mayakovsky was in fact very kind, gentle and vulnerable person. He was very fond of animals (Fig. 1).

It is known that he could not pass by a stray cat or dog, picked them up, attached them to friends. Once, 6 dogs and 3 cats lived in his room at the same time, one of which soon gave birth to kittens. The landlady ordered this menagerie to be closed immediately, and Mayakovsky hastily began to look for new owners for the pets.

Rice. 1. Photo. Mayakovsky with a dog ()

One of the most heartfelt declarations of love for “our smaller brothers” - perhaps in all world literature - we will find in Mayakovsky:

I love the beast.

You see a dog

here at the bakery one -

complete baldness -

and then ready to get the liver.

I'm not sorry dear

From the biography of V. Mayakovsky, we know that he studied in Moscow at the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, at the same time he was fond of a new direction in art, called FUTURISM, and socialist ideas.

Futurism(from lat. futurum - future) - common name artistic avant-garde movements of the 1910s - early 1920s. XX century., First of all, in Italy and Russia. The manifesto of the Russian futurists was called "A slap in the face of public taste" (1912)

Futurists believed that literature should look for new themes and forms. According to them, a modern poet must defend his rights. Here is their list:

1. To increase the vocabulary in its volume with arbitrary and derivative words (word-innovation)

2. To an irresistible hatred for the language that existed before them

3. With horror, remove from your proud forehead from bath brooms the Wreath of penny glory you made

4. Standing on a block of the word "we" in the midst of a sea of ​​whistling and indignation

Futurists experimented with the word, creating author's neologisms. So, for example, the futurist Khlebnikov came up with the name of the Russian futurists - Budtlyane (people of the future).

For participation in revolutionary circles, Mayakovsky was arrested three times, the last time he spent 11 months in prison. It was during this period that Mayakovsky decides to seriously engage in literature. In Aseev's poem "Mayakovsky Begins" (Fig. 2), this period of the poet's life is described in the following words:

Rice. 2. Illustration for Aseev's poem "Mayakovsky Begins" ()

And here it comes out:

big, long-legged,

spattered

glacial rain,

under wide-brimmed

drooping hat,

under a cloak lined with misery.

Nobody around.

Just a prison behind.

Lantern to lantern.

For the soul - not a penny ...

Only smells of Moscow

hot rolls,

let the horse fall

breathing sideways.

The mention of a horse in this passage is not accidental. One of the best poems of early Mayakovsky was poem "Good attitude to horses"(Fig. 3).

Rice. 3. Illustration for Mayakovsky's poem "Good attitude towards horses" ()

Plot it was prompted by life itself.

Once V.V. Mayakovsky witnessed a street incident, not uncommon in starving Moscow in 1918: an exhausted horse fell onto an icy pavement.

June 9, 1918 in the Moscow edition of the newspaper " New life» No. 8, a poem by V.V. Mayakovsky "Good attitude towards horses".

The poem is unusual in form and content. Firstly, the stanza is unusual when a poetic line is broken and the continuation is written from a new line. This technique was called "Mayakovsky's ladder" and was explained by him in the article " How to make poetry?". The poet believed that such a recording gives the poem the right rhythm.

Images in Mayakovsky's poem "Good attitude towards horses".

Horse	Street (crowd)	Lyrical hero
1. Horse on croup crashed, 2. Behind the chapel of the chapel rolls in the face, hiding in fur... rushed stood up, 3. Red child. Cheerful came stood in a stall. And everything seemed to her - she is a foal and worth living and it was worth the work.	1. Experienced by the wind, shod with ice the street slipped 2. For onlookers, onlookers, trousers that came to Kuznetsk to flare, huddled together laughter rang and tinkled 3. The street turned over flowing on its own...	1. Kuznetsky laughed. 2. And some general animal longing splash poured out of me and melted into a flurry. "Horse, don't. Horse, listen - why do you think you are worse than them? we are all a bit horses, each of us is a horse in his own way."
The horse is a symbol of a lonely living soul who needs support, sympathy. It is also a symbol of a persistent character, the horse has found the strength to rise and live on.	The street is a hostile, indifferent, cold and cruel world.

Conclusion: in the poem, Mayakovsky raises the moral problem of the cruelty and indifference of the world in relation to the living soul. However, despite this, the idea of ​​the poem is optimistic. If the horse found the strength to get up and stand in the stall, then the poet draws a conclusion for himself: in spite of everything, it is worth living and working.

Means of artistic expression

Expanded metaphor. Unlike a simple metaphor, an extended metaphor contains a figurative similarity of a certain life phenomenon and is revealed throughout a segment or the entire poem.

For example:

1. Experienced by the wind,

shod with ice

the street slipped.

2. And some general

animal longing

splash poured out of me

and melted into a flurry.

Stylistic devices: assonance and alliteration. These are phonetic techniques that allow you to draw or convey an event with sounds.

Assonance:

The horse fell!

The horse fell!

With the help of vowels, the poet conveys the cry of the crowd, or perhaps the neighing of a horse, its cry. Or the cry of a lyrical hero? In these lines, pain, groaning, anxiety sound.

Alliteration:

huddled together

laughter rang and tinkled

With the help of consonants, the poet conveys the unpleasant laughter of the crowd. The sounds are annoying, like the creak of a rusty wheel.

Onomatopoeia- one of the types of sound writing: the use of phonetic combinations that can convey the sound of the described phenomena

For example:

Beaten hooves.

They sang like:

Using disyllabic and monosyllabic words with repetitive sounds, the poet creates the sound effect of a galloping horse.

Rhyme Features

V. Mayakovsky was in many ways a pioneer, a reformer, an experimenter. His poem "A good attitude towards horses" surprises with its richness, variety and originality of rhyme.

For example:

Truncated, inaccurate: worse - a horse, onlookers - tinkled

Not equally complex: in the wool - in the rustle, the stall - it was worth

Composite: howl to him - in his own way

Homonymous: went - short adjective and went - verb.

Thus, the author uses various literary techniques to create a vivid, emotional picture that will not leave anyone indifferent. This feature is inherent in all of Mayakovsky's work. Mayakovsky saw his mission, first of all, in influencing readers. That is why M. Tsvetaeva called him "the world's first poet of the masses", and Platonov - "the master of universal great life."

Bibliography

1. Korovina V.Ya. Didactic materials on literature. 7th grade. — 2008.
2. Tishchenko O.A. Homework in literature for the 7th grade (to the textbook by V.Ya. Korovina). — 2012.
3. Kuteynikova N.E. Literature lessons in grade 7. — 2009.
Source).

Homework

1. Expressively read the poem by V. Mayakovsky "Good attitude towards horses." What is the rhythm of this poem? Was it easy for you to read it? Why?
2. Find the author's words in the poem. How are they educated?
3. Find in the poem examples of extended metaphor, hyperbole, pun, assonance, alliteration.
4. Find the lines that express the idea of ​​the poem.

Mayakovsky was an extraordinary personality and an outstanding poet. He often raised simple human themes in his works. One of them is pity and participation in the fate of the horse, which fell in the middle of the square, in his poem "A good attitude towards horses." And people were hurrying and running around. They don't care about the tragedy of a living being.

The author, on the other hand, talks about what has become of humanity, which does not sympathize with the poor animal, where have all best qualities that are inherent in humanity. She lay in the middle of the street and looked around with sad eyes. Mayakovsky compares people with a horse, implying that the same can happen to anyone in society, and around, hundreds of people will still rush and rush, and no one will show compassion. Many will just walk by and not even turn their heads. Each line of the poet is filled with sadness and tragic loneliness, where through laughter and voices one can hear, as it were, the sound of horse hooves, receding into the gray haze of the day.

Mayakovsky has his own artistic and expressive means, with the help of which the atmosphere of the work is forced. For this, the writer uses a special rhyming of lines and words, which was so characteristic of him. In general, he was a great master of inventing new words and means for a clearer and more unconventional expression of his thoughts. Mayakovsky used precise and inaccurate, rich rhymes, with feminine and masculine accents. The poet used free and free verse, which gave him the opportunity to more accurately express the necessary thoughts and emotions. He called for help - sound writing, phonetic speech medium, which gave the work a special expressiveness.

The lines often repeat and contrast sounds: vowels and consonants. He used alliteration and assonance, metaphors and inversion. When, at the end of the poem, the red horse, having gathered its last strength, remembering itself as a small horse, got up and walked down the street, clattering its hooves loudly. She seemed to be supported by a lyrical hero who sympathized with her and condemned those who laughed at her. And there was hope that there would be good, joy and life.

Analysis of the poem Good attitude to Mayakovsky's horses

VV Mayakovsky's poem "A good attitude towards horses" is one of the poet's most penetrating and life-affirming poems, loved even by those who do not like the poet's work.
It begins with the words:

"They beat the hooves,
They sang like:
-Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind
shod with ice
the street slipped.

To convey the atmosphere of that time, the chaos that reigned in society, Mayakovsky uses such gloomy words to begin his poem.

And you immediately imagine a cobblestone pavement in the center of old Moscow. a cold winter day, a cart with a red horse in a harness and clerks, artisans and other business people scurrying about their business. Everything is going its way....

I. oh horror" "Horse on the croup
crashed,
and immediately
for onlookers onlookers,
trousers
who came
Kuznetsky
flare,
huddled together..."

Near the old mare, a crowd immediately gathered, the laughter of which "tinkled" throughout Kuznetsky.
Here Mayakovsky wants to show spiritual appearance huge crowd. There can be no question of any compassion and mercy.

But what about the horse? Helpless, old and without strength, she lay on the pavement and understood everything. And only one (!) man from the crowd approached the horse and looked into the "horse's eyes", full of prayers, humiliation and shame for his helpless old age. Compassion for the horse was so great that the man spoke to her in human language:

"Horse, don't.
Horse,
listen to what you think you are
these bad?
Baby,
all of us
a little
horses,
each of us
in my own way
horse."

Here Mayakovsky makes it clear that people who sneer at a fallen horse are no better than the horses themselves.
These human words of support worked wonders! The horse seemed to understand them and they gave her strength! The horse jumped to its feet, "neighed and went"! She no longer felt old and sick, she remembered her youth and seemed like a foal to herself!

"And it was worth living and working was worth it!" - Mayakovsky ends his poem with this life-affirming phrase. And somehow it becomes good at heart from such a denouement of the plot.

What is this poem about? The poem teaches us kindness, participation, indifference to someone else's misfortune, respect for old age. A kind word said in time, help and support to those who especially need it, can turn a lot in a person’s soul. Even the horse understood the sincere compassion of the man addressed to him.

As you know, Mayakovsky in his life experienced persecution, misunderstanding, denial of his work, so we can assume that he represented himself as the very horse that so needs human participation!

Analysis of the poem Good attitude towards horses according to plan

Analysis of the poem Dul north. Feta grass was crying

In his later work, Afanasy Fet actually refuses landscape lyrics, he describes only personal experiences, all his lyrics become intimate.

beaten hooves,
They sang like:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind
shod with ice
the street slipped.
Horse on croup
crashed,
and immediately
for onlookers onlookers,
trousers that came to Kuznetsk to flare,
huddled together
laughter rang out and tinkled:
The horse has fallen!
The horse has fallen! —
Kuznetsky laughed.
Only one me
his voice did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and see
horse eyes...

The street turned over
flowing on its own...

Came up and I see -
Behind the chapel of the chapel
rolls in the face,
hiding in fur...

And some common
animal longing
splash poured out of me
and melted into a flurry.
"Horse, don't.
Horse, listen
what do you think you're bad at?
Baby,
we are all a bit horses,
each of us is a horse in his own way.
May be,
- old -
and did not need a nanny,
maybe my thought seemed to go to her,
only
horse
rushed
stood up,
neighed
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red child.
Cheerful came
stood in a stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she is a foal
and worth living
and it was worth the work.

Analysis of the poem "Good attitude towards horses" by Mayakovsky

The poem "A good attitude towards horses" is a vivid example of the creative originality of Mayakovsky's talent. The poet was a complex contradictory personality. His works did not fit into accepted standards. AT tsarist Russia the Futurist movement was sharply condemned. Mayakovsky warmly welcomed the revolution. He believed that after coup d'état people's lives will change dramatically, and in incomparably better side. The poet longed for change not so much in politics as in the mind of man. His ideal was the cleansing of all prejudices and vestiges of bourgeois society.

But already the first months of existence Soviet power showed that the vast majority of the population remained the same. Regime change did not revolutionize human consciousness. Misunderstanding and dissatisfaction with the results are growing in Mayakovsky's soul. Subsequently, this will lead to a severe mental crisis and the poet's suicide.

In 1918, Mayakovsky wrote the verse "Good attitude towards horses", which is knocked out of general series laudatory works created in the early days of the revolution. At a time when the essential foundations of the state and society are being broken, the poet turns to a strange topic. He describes his personal observation: an exhausted horse fell on the Kuznetsk bridge, which immediately gathered a bunch of onlookers.

Mayakovsky is stunned by the situation. Great changes are taking place in the country, affecting the course of world history. A new world is being built. Meanwhile, the focus of the crowd is a fallen horse. And the saddest thing is that none of the "builders of the new world" is going to help the poor animal. There is deafening laughter. Of all the huge crowd, one poet feels sympathy and compassion. He is able to truly see the "horse's eyes" filled with tears.

The main idea of ​​the work lies in the appeal of the lyrical hero to the horse. The indifference and heartlessness of people led to the fact that man and animal changed places. The horse is burdened hard work, she, on a common basis with a person, contributes to a joint difficult task. People show their animal nature, mocking her suffering. The horse for Mayakovsky becomes closer and dearer than the "human garbage" surrounding him. He addresses the animal with warm words of support, in which he admits that "we are all a bit of a horse." Human participation gives the horse strength, it gets up on its own and continues on its way.

Mayakovsky in his work criticizes people for callousness and indifference. He believes that only mutual support and assistance will help his fellow citizens overcome all difficulties and not lose their human appearance.

You can read the verse “Good attitude towards horses” by Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich on the website. The work was written in 1918 and is based on a real case. Once Mayakovsky witnessed how a red horse slipped on the Kuznetsk bridge and fell on the croup. The gathered crowd saw a reason for merry laughter, and only the poet showed concern and compassion for the animal.

The very personality of Vladimir Mayakovsky is very extraordinary. Tall, with energetic features, with a straightforward character and ruthlessness to stupidity, meanness and lies, he seemed to most of his contemporaries not only bold and daring in poetic innovations, but also somewhat brutal and demonstrative in character. However, few knew that Mayakovsky had a subtle, sensitive, vulnerable soul. The incident with the fallen animal, which was laughed at by the approaching onlookers, touched the poet. The pinching pain in the horse's eyes, the "drops of tears" rolling down the muzzle, responded with pain in his heart, and the "animal longing" spilled down the street and mingled with human longing. Longing for goodness, sympathy for someone else's pain, empathy. Mayakovsky compares people with horses - after all, animals, like humans, are able to feel pain, need understanding and support, a kind word, even if they themselves are not able to speak. Often faced with misunderstanding, envy, human malice, cold indifference, sometimes experiencing fatigue from life and “hackneyedness”, the poet was able to feel the pain of the animal. His complicity and simple friendly words helped the mare "rush, stand on its feet", shake off old age, feel like a young and frisky foal - strong, healthy, thirsty for life.

The text of Mayakovsky's poem "A good attitude towards horses" can be fully downloaded or read online in a literature lesson in the classroom.

beaten hooves,
They sang like:
- Mushroom.
Rob.
Coffin.
Rough-
Experienced by the wind
shod with ice
the street slipped.
Horse on croup
crashed,
and immediately
for onlookers onlookers,
trousers that came to Kuznetsk to flare,
huddled together
laughter rang out and tinkled:
The horse has fallen!
The horse has fallen! -
Kuznetsky laughed.
Only one me
his voice did not interfere with his howl.
Came up
and see
horse eyes...

The street turned over
flowing on its own...

Came up and I see -
Behind the chapel of the chapel
rolls in the face,
hiding in fur...

And some common
animal longing
splash poured out of me
and melted into a flurry.
"Horse, don't.
Horse, listen
what do you think you're bad at?
Baby,
we are all a bit horses,
each of us is a horse in his own way.”
May be,
– old –
and did not need a nanny,
maybe my thought seemed to go to her,
only
horse
rushed
stood up,
neighed
and went.
She wagged her tail.
Red child.
Cheerful came
stood in a stall.
And everything seemed to her -
she is a foal
and worth living
and it was worth the work.

Vladimir Mayakovsky's poem "A good attitude towards horses" was created by a young futurist poet after the revolution, in 1918. Feeling like an outcast in the society around him, Mayakovsky accepted the revolution with great enthusiasm, hoping for significant changes, both in his life and in the lives of ordinary people, but he soon became disillusioned with her ideals, concluding for himself that although political system and has undergone changes, the majority of people have remained the same. Stupidity, rigidity, treachery and ruthlessness remained a priority for the majority of representatives of almost all social classes, and it was impossible to do anything about it. The new state, which promotes the primacy of equality and justice, was to Mayakovsky's liking, only the people around him, causing him suffering and pain, often received in response to his malicious ridicule and caustic jokes, which acted as a defensive reaction of the young poet to the insults of the crowd.

Problems of the work

The poem was created by Mayakovsky after he himself witnessed how on the icy pavement of the Kuznetsk bridge "a horse crashed on its croup." In his characteristic straightforward manner, he shows the reader how it happened and describes how the crowd that came running reacted to it, for which this incident seemed very comical and funny: “Laughter rang and tinkled: - The horse fell! The horse has fallen! Kuznetsky laughed.

And only one author, who happened to be passing by, did not want to become part of the crowd hooting and making fun of the poor creation. He was struck by the "animal longing" that lurked in the depths of the horse's eyes, and he wanted to somehow support and cheer up the poor animal. Mentally, he asked her to stop crying and consoled her with the words: “Baby, we are all a little horse, each of us is a horse in our own way.”

And the red mare, as if sensing and understanding his kindness and warm participation in her fate, rises to her feet and moves on. The words of support that she received from a random passerby give her the strength to overcome her problems, she again feels young and energetic, ready to continue hard, sometimes overwhelming hard labor: “And everything seemed to her - she was a foal, and it was worth living, and it was worth working ".

Composition and artistic techniques

To convey the atmosphere of tragic loneliness, the author uses various artistic techniques: sound writing (transmission of a description of an object through the sounds it makes) - the sound of horse hooves “mushroom, rob, coffin, rude”, alliteration - the repetition of consonant sounds [l], [g], [r], [b] to create a sound for readers pictures of a clattering horse walking along the city pavement, assonance - the repetition of vowels [u], [i], [a] helps to betray the sounds of the crowd “The horse fell! The horse fell!”, horse cries of pain and cries of onlookers.

A special sensuality and originality to Mayakovsky's work is given by the use of neologisms (flare, chapel, experience, bad), as well as vivid metaphors (the street capsized, longing poured out, laughter rattled). The poem is rich in various rhymes:

• Truncated inaccurate(bad - a horse, an onlooker - rattled), according to Mayakovsky, it led to unexpected associations, the appearance of atypical images and ideas, which he really liked;
• unequal(wool - rustle, stall - worth it);
• Composite(howl to him - in his own way, I alone - horses);
• Homonemic(went - adjective, went - verb).

Mayakovsky compared himself with this driven, old horse, whose problems are laughed at and mocked by everyone who is too lazy. Like this red working mare, he needed simple human participation and understanding, dreamed of the most ordinary attention to his personality, which would help him live, give strength, energy and inspiration to go forward along his difficult and sometimes very thorny creative path.

It is a pity, but the inner world of the poet, which is distinguished by depth, fragility and inconsistency, was not particularly interested in anyone, even his friends, which later led to the tragic death of the poet. But in order to get at least a little friendly participation, to deserve simple human understanding and warmth, Mayakovsky was not even against changing places with an ordinary horse.