Building mortars general specifications. Building mortars general specifications Mortar pk3 characteristics

BUILDING SOLUTIONS
General specifications

MORTARS
General srefications

OKS 91.100.10, OKSTU 5870

Introduction date 1999-07-01

1 area of use

This standard applies to mortars on mineral binders, used for masonry and installation building structures in the construction of buildings and structures, fastening of facing products, plasters.

The standard does not apply to special mortars (heat-resistant, chemically resistant, fire-resistant, heat and waterproofing, grouting, decorative, straining, etc.).

The requirements set out in 4.3 - 4.13, 4.14.2 - 4.14.14, sections 5-7, appendices C and D of this standard are mandatory.

The normative documents used in this standard are given in Appendix A.

3 Classification

3.1 Mortars are classified according to:
- main purpose;
- used binder;
- medium density.

3.1.1 According to the main purpose, the solutions are divided into:
- masonry (including for installation work);
- facing;
- plastering.

3.1.2 According to the binder used, the solutions are divided into:
- simple (on a binder of the same type);
- complex (on mixed binders).

3.1.3 According to the average density, the solutions are divided into:
- heavy;
- lungs.

3.2 The reference designation of the mortar when ordering should consist of an abbreviated designation indicating the degree of readiness (for dry mortar mixes), purpose, type of binder used, grades for strength and mobility, average density (for light mortars) and the designation of this standard.

Symbol example heavy solution, ready-to-use, masonry, on a lime-gypsum binder, strength grade M100, mobility - Pk2:

Masonry mortar, lime-gypsum, M100, Pk2, GOST 28013-98.

For a dry mortar mix, light, plaster, cement binder, strength grade M50 and mobility - Pk3, medium density D900:

Mix dry mortar plaster, cement, M50, Pk3, D900, GOST 28013-98.

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Mortars are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard for technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 The properties of mortars include the properties of mortar mixes and hardened mortar.

4.2.1 The main properties of mortar mixtures:
- mobility;
- water holding capacity;
- stratification;
- application temperature;
- average density;
- humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).

4.2.2 The main properties of the hardened mortar:
- compressive strength;
- frost resistance;
- average density.

If necessary, additional indicators can be set in accordance with GOST 4.233.

4.3 Depending on the mobility, mortar mixtures are subdivided in accordance with Table 1.

4.4 The water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures should be at least 90%, clay-containing solutions - at least 93%.

4.5 The stratification of freshly prepared mixtures should not exceed 10%.

4.6 The mortar mixture should not contain fly ash of more than 20% of the mass of cement.

4.7 The temperature of mortar mixtures at the time of use should be:

a) masonry mortars for outdoor work - in accordance with the instructions in table 2;
b) facing mortars for cladding with glazed tiles when minimum temperature outdoor air, °С, not less than:
from 5 and above .............................................. ................................... fifteen;
c) plaster mortars at a minimum outdoor temperature, °C, not less than:
from 0 to 5.............................................. .......................................... fifteen
from 5 and above .............................................. ..................................... ten.

table 2

Average daily outdoor temperature, °C	Mortar mixture temperature, °C, not less than
	masonry material
	brick		stones
	at wind speed, m/s1
	until 6	St. 6	until 6	St. 6
Up to minus 10	10	10	10	15
From minus 10 to minus 20	10	15	15	20
Below minus 20	15	20	20	25

Note - For masonry mortar mixtures during installation work, the temperature of the mixture must be 10 ° C higher than indicated in the table

4.8 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures should not exceed 0.1% by weight.

4.9 The normalized indicators of the quality of the hardened mortar must be ensured at the design age.

For the design age of the solution, unless otherwise specified in project documentation, should be taken, days:

For solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders - 7
- for solutions using hydraulic binders - 28.

4.10 The compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.
The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of solutions.

4.11 The frost resistance of solutions is characterized by grades.

For solutions, the following frost resistance grades are established: F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200.
For solutions of grades for compressive strength M4 and M10, as well as for solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned and not controlled.

4.12 The average density, D, of hardened solutions at the design age should be, kg / m3:

Heavy solutions .................................................................. ... 1500 and more
- light solutions ............................................... ......... less than 1500.

The normalized value of the average density of the solutions is set by the consumer in accordance with the work project.

4.13 The deviation of the average density of the solution in the direction of increase is allowed no more than 10% of the one established by the project.

4.14 Requirements for materials for the preparation of mortars

4.14.1 Materials used for the preparation of mortars must comply with the requirements of standards or specifications for these materials, as well as the requirements of this standard.

4.14.2 The following materials should be used as binders:

Gypsum binders according to GOST 125;
- building lime according to GOST 9179;
- Portland cement and Portland slag cement according to GOST 10178;
- pozzolanic and sulfate-resistant cements according to GOST 22266;
- cements for mortars according to GOST 25328;
- clay according to Appendix B;
- others, including mixed binders, according to regulatory documents for a specific type of binder.

4.14.3 Binder materials for the preparation of solutions should be selected depending on their purpose, type of structures and conditions of their operation.

4.14.4 The consumption of cement per 1 m3 of sand in mortars based on cement and cement-containing binders must be at least 100 kg, and for masonry mortars, depending on the type of structures and their operating conditions, not less than that given in Appendix D.

4.14.5 The content of alkalis in cement binders intended for the preparation of plaster and facing solutions should not exceed 0.6% by weight.

4.14.6 Lime binder is used in the form of hydrated lime (fluff), lime paste, lime milk.

Lime milk must have a density of at least 1200 kg/m3 and contain at least 30% lime by weight.
Lime binder for plastering and facing mortars must not contain unextinguished lime particles.
Lime dough must have a temperature of at least 5 °C.

4.14.7 As a filler should be used:

sand for construction works according to GOST 8736;
- fly ash according to GOST 25818;
- ash and slag sand according to GOST 25592;
- porous sands according to GOST 25820;
- sand from slag from thermal power plants according to GOST 26644;
- sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete according to GOST 5578.

4.14.8 The largest aggregate grain size should be, mm, not more than:

Masonry (except rubble masonry) ..........................................2.5
- rubble masonry .............................................. ......................... 5.00
- plastering (except for the covering layer) ..........................................2.5
- plastering coating layer .............................................. 1.25
- finishing ................................................................ .............................. 1.25

4.14.9 When heating aggregates, their temperature, depending on the binder used, should not be higher, °C, when using:

Cement binder ................................................................ ................................................. ......... 60
- cement-lime, cement-clay and clay binder .............................................. 40
- lime, clay-lime, gypsum and lime-gypsum binder......................20.

4.14.10 Content harmful impurities in aggregates should not exceed the requirements of GOST 26633 for fine aggregates.

4.14.11 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures should not exceed the limit values depending on the field of application of mortar mixtures in accordance with GOST 30108.

4.14.12 Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of GOST 24211.
Additives are introduced into ready-to-use mortar mixtures in the form of aqueous solutions or aqueous suspensions, and into dry mortar mixtures - in the form of a water-soluble powder or granules.

4.14.13 Water for mixing mortar mixtures and preparing additives is used in accordance with GOST 23732.

4.14.14 Loose raw materials for mortar mixtures are dosed by weight, liquid components are dosed by weight or volume.

Dosing error should not exceed ± 1% for binders, water and additives, ± 2% for fillers.
For mortar mixing plants with a capacity of up to 5 m3/h, volumetric dosing of all materials is allowed with the same errors.

4.15 Marking, packaging

4.15.1 Dry mortar mixes are packed in bags of polyethylene film according to GOST 10354 weighing up to 8 kg or paper bags according to GOST 2226 weighing up to 50 kg.

4.15.2 Packaged dry mortar mixes should be labeled on each package. The marking must be clearly marked on the packaging with indelible ink.

4.15.3 Mortar mixtures must have a document on quality. The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mixture with a label or marking applied to the package, and a ready-to-use mortar mixture dispensed in vehicle, - a quality document, which should contain the following data:

Name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;
- symbol mortar according to 3.2;
- the class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value of Aeff;
- brand for compressive strength;
- mark on mobility (Pk);
- the volume of water required for the preparation of the mortar mixture, l / kg (for dry mortar mixtures);
- the type and amount of the added additive (% of the mass of the binder);
- shelf life (for dry mortar mixes), months;
- mass (for dry mortar mixtures), kg;
- the amount of the mixture (for mortar mixtures ready for use), m3;
- date of preparation;
- application temperature, °С;
- designation of this standard.

If necessary, the marking and the quality document may contain additional data.
The quality document must be signed official manufacturer responsible for technical control.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Mortar mixtures must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.

5.2 Mortar mixtures and solutions are accepted in batches by carrying out acceptance and periodic control.
A batch of a mortar mixture and a solution is taken as the amount of a mixture of one nominal composition with the same quality of its constituent materials, prepared according to a single technology.

The volume of the batch is set in agreement with the consumer - not less than the output of one shift, but not more than the daily output of the mortar mixer.

5.3 All mortar mixtures and solutions are subject to acceptance control according to all standardized quality indicators.

5.4 When accepting each batch, at least five point samples are taken from the mortar mixture.

5.4.1 Point samples are taken at the place of preparation of the mortar mixture and / or at the place of its application from several batches or places of the container into which the mixture is loaded. Tank sampling points should be located at different depths. With a continuous supply of the mortar mixture, point samples are taken at unequal time intervals for 5-10 minutes.

5.4.2 Spot samples after selection are combined into a general sample, the mass of which should be sufficient to determine all controlled indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures and solutions. The sample taken is thoroughly mixed before testing (with the exception of mixtures containing air-entraining additives).
Mortar mixtures containing air-entraining, foaming and gas-forming additives are not additionally mixed before testing.

5.4.3 Testing of the ready-to-use mortar mixture should begin during the period of maintaining the normalized mobility.

5.5 The mobility and average density of the mortar mixture in each batch is controlled at least once per shift by the manufacturer after the mixture is unloaded from the mixer.

The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is controlled in each batch.
The strength of the solution is determined in each batch of the mixture.
The normalized technological indicators of the quality of the mortar mixtures provided for in the supply contract (average density, temperature, stratification, water-holding capacity), and the frost resistance of the mortar are controlled in time as agreed with the consumer, but at least once every 6 months, as well as when the quality of the initial materials, composition of the solution and technology of its preparation.

5.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures is carried out according to quality documents issued by enterprises - suppliers of these materials.
In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer once a year, as well as at each change of supplier, determines the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff of materials in accordance with GOST 30108.

5.7 Ready-to-use mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring tank.
Dry mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.

5.8 If, when checking the quality of the mortar, a discrepancy is revealed with at least one of the technical requirements of the standard, this batch of mortar is rejected.

5.9 The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quantity and quality of the mortar mixture in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the methods of GOST 5802.

5.10 The manufacturer is obliged to inform the consumer, at his request, of the results of control tests no later than 3 days after their completion, and in case of non-confirmation of the normalized indicator, inform the consumer immediately.

6 Control methods

6.1 Samples of mortar mixtures are taken in accordance with the requirements of 5.4, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.

6.2 Materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of the standards and specifications for these materials.

6.3 The quality of chemical additives is determined by the effectiveness of their action on the properties of mortars according to GOST 30459.

6.4 The concentration of the working solution of additives is determined by a hydrometer according to GOST 18481 in accordance with the requirements of standards and specifications for additives specific types.

6.5 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff in materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.

6.6 Mobility, average density, water-holding capacity and stratification of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.7 The volume of air involved in mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 10181.3.

6.8 The temperature of freshly prepared mortar mixtures is measured with a thermometer, immersing it in the mixture to a depth of at least 5 cm.

6.9 Compressive strength, frost resistance and average density of hardened solutions are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.10 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 8735.

7 Transport and storage

7.1 Transportation

7.1.2 The methods used for transporting mortar mixtures should exclude the loss of astringent dough, the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and impurities into the mixture.

7.1.3 Packed dry mortar mixes are transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage and securing of goods in force for this type of transport.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Delivered to construction site ready-to-use mortar mixtures must be reloaded into mixers or other containers, provided that the specified properties of the mixtures are preserved.

7.2.2 Packed mortar dry mixes are stored in covered dry rooms.
Bags with a dry mix should be stored at a temperature not lower than 5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging and protection from moisture.

7.2.3 The shelf life of the dry mortar mixture is 6 months from the date of preparation.
At the end of the shelf life, the mixture should be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. In case of compliance, the mixture can be used for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX A
(reference)

List of regulatory documents

GOST 4.233-86 SPKP. Construction. Building solutions. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 125-79 Gypsum binders. Specifications
GOST 2226-88 Paper bags. Specifications
GOST 2642.5-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for the determination of iron oxide
GOST 2642.11-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for determination of potassium and sodium oxides
GOST 3594.4-77 Molding clays. Methods for determining the sulfur content
GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete. Specifications
GOST 5802-86 Building mortars. Test Methods
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test Methods
GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications
GOST 9179-77 Building lime. Specifications
GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications
GOST 10181.3-81 Concrete mixes. Methods for determining porosity
GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications
GOST 18481-81 Hydrometers and glass cylinders. Specifications
GOST 21216.2-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determination of fine fractions
GOST 21216.12-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determining the residue on a sieve with mesh No. 0063
GOST 22266-94 Sulphate-resistant cements. Specifications
GOST 23732-79 Water for concretes and mortars. Specifications
GOST 24211-91 Additives for concrete. General technical requirements
GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications
GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures for thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25820-83 Lightweight concrete. Specifications
GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications
GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from slags of thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 30459-96 Additives for concrete. Methods for determining efficiency
SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures
SNiP 2.03.11-85 Corrosion protection of building structures
SNiP II-3-79* Construction heat engineering

The main purpose of the solution	Immersion depth of the cone, cm	Mobility grade PC
A Masonry:
- for rubble masonry:
vibrated	1-3	PC1
unvibrated	4-6	PC2
- for masonry hollow brick or ceramic stones	7-8	PC2
- for masonry solid brick; ceramic stones; concrete or light rock stones	8-12	PC3
- for filling voids in masonry and supplying with a mortar pump	13-14	PC4
- for the device of a bed at installation of walls from large concrete blocks and panels; jointing of horizontal and vertical joints in walls made of panels and large concrete blocks	5-7	PC2
B Facing:
- for fastening plates from natural stone and ceramic tiles ready brick wall	6-8	PC2
- for fastening facing products of lightweight concrete panels and blocks in the factory	6-8	PC2
In Plastering:
soil solution	7-8	PC2
spray solution:
when applied manually	8-12	PC3
with mechanized application	9-14	PC4
coating solution:
without plaster	7-8	PC2
with plaster	9-12	PC3

APPENDIX B

(mandatory)

Clay for mortars. Technical requirements

These technical requirements apply to clay intended for the preparation of mortars.
B.1. Technical requirements for clay
B.1.1 The content of clay particles smaller than 0.4 mm should be not less than 30 and not more than 80%.
B.1.2 The content of sand particles larger than 0.16 mm should not exceed 30%.
B.1.3 The content of chemical components from the mass of dry clay should not be more than,%:
- sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO3 - 1;
- sulfide sulfur in terms of SO3 - 0.3;
- mica - 3;
- soluble salts (causing efflorescence and efflorescence):
the amount of iron oxides - 14;
the sum of potassium and sodium oxides is 7.
B.1.4 Clay shall not contain organic impurities in quantities that give a dark color.
IN 2. Clay test methods
B.2.1 The granulometric composition of clay is determined according to GOST 21216.2 and GOST 21216.12.
B.2.2 The content of sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO3 is determined according to GOST 3594.4.
B.2.3 The content of sulfide sulfur in terms of SO3 is determined according to GOST 3594.4.
B.2.4 The mica content is determined by the petrographic method according to GOST 8735.
B.2.5 The content of the total iron oxide is determined according to GOST 2642.11.
B.2.6 The content of the sum of potassium and sodium oxide according to GOST 2642.5.
B.2.7 The presence of organic impurities is determined according to GOST 8735.

APPENDIX D
(mandatory)

Minimum flow cement in masonry mortar

GOST 28013-98

UDC 666.971.001.4:006.354 Group Zh13

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING SOLUTIONS

General specifications

MORTARS

General srefications

OKS 91.100.10, OKSTU 5870

Introduction date

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design Institute complex problems building structures and facilities. (TsNIISK im.), Research, Design and Technological Institute of Concrete and Reinforced Concrete (NIIZhB), with the participation of JSC "Experimental Plant of Dry Mixes" and JSC "Roskonitstroy" of the Russian Federation

INTRODUCED by Gosstroy of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (ISTCS) on November 12, 1998

State name

Facing;

Plaster.

3.1.2 According to the binder used, the solutions are divided into:

Simple (on a binder of one type);

Complex (on mixed binders).

3.1.3 According to the average density, the solutions are divided into:

heavy;

3.2 The reference designation of the mortar when ordering should consist of an abbreviated designation indicating the degree of readiness (for dry mortar mixes), purpose, type of binder used, grades for strength and mobility, average density (for light mortars) and the designation of this standard.

An example of a symbol for a heavy mortar, ready for use, masonry, on a lime-gypsum binder, strength grade M100, mobility - Pk2:

Masonry mortar, lime-gypsum, M100, Pk2, GOST.

For a dry mortar mix, light, plaster, cement binder, strength grade M50 and mobility - Pk3, medium density D900:

Mix dry mortar plaster, cement, M50, Pk3,D900, GOST.

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Mortars are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Properties of mortars include properties of mortar mixtures and hardened mortar.

4.2.1 Basic properties of mortar mixtures:

Mobility;

Water holding capacity;

Delamination;

application temperature;

The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is controlled in each batch.

The strength of the solution is determined in each batch of the mixture.

The normalized technological indicators of the quality of the mortar mixtures provided for in the supply contract (average density, temperature, stratification, water-holding capacity), and the frost resistance of the mortar are controlled in time as agreed with the consumer, but at least once every 6 months, as well as when the quality of the initial materials, composition of the solution and technology of its preparation.

5.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures is carried out according to the quality documents issued by the enterprises - suppliers of these materials.

In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer once a year, as well as at each change of supplier, determines the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff of materials in accordance with GOST 30108.

5.7 Mortar mixtures ready for use are dispensed and taken by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring tank.

Dry mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.

5.8 If, when checking the quality of the mortar, a discrepancy is revealed with at least one of the technical requirements of the standard, this batch of mortar is rejected.

5.9 The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quantity and quality of the mortar mixture in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the methods of GOST 5802.

5.10 The manufacturer is obliged to inform the consumer, at his request, of the results of control tests no later than 3 days after their completion, and in case of non-confirmation of the normalized indicator, inform the consumer immediately.

6 Control methods

6.1 Mortar samples are taken in accordance with the requirements of 5.4, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.

6.2 Materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of the standards and specifications for these materials.

6.3 The quality of chemical additives is determined in terms of the effectiveness of their action on the properties of mortars in accordance with GOST 30459.

6.4 The concentration of the working solution of additives is determined by a hydrometer according to GOST 18481 in accordance with the requirements of standards and specifications for additives of specific types.

6.5 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides Aeff in materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.

6.6 Mobility, average density, water-holding capacity and stratification of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.7 The volume of air involved in mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 10181.3.

6.8 The temperature of freshly prepared mortar mixtures is measured with a thermometer, immersing it in the mixture to a depth of at least 5 cm.

6.9 Compressive strength, frost resistance and average density of hardened solutions are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.10 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 8735.

7 Transport and storage

7.1 Transport

7.1.1 Ready-to-use mortar mixtures should be delivered to the consumer in vehicles specially designed for their transportation.

With the consent of the consumer, transportation of mixtures in bunkers (buckets) is allowed.

7.1.2 The methods used for transporting mortar mixtures should exclude the loss of astringent dough, the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and foreign impurities into the mixture.

7.1.3 Packed dry mortar mixes are transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage and securing of goods in force for this type of transport.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Mortar mixtures delivered to the construction site, ready for use, must be reloaded into mixers or other containers, provided that the specified properties of the mixtures are preserved.

7.2.2 Packed mortar dry mixes are stored in covered dry rooms.

Bags with a dry mix should be stored at a temperature not lower than 5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging and protection from moisture.

7.2.3 The shelf life of the dry mortar mixture is 6 months from the date of preparation.

At the end of the shelf life, the mixture should be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. In case of compliance, the mixture can be used for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX A

(reference)

List of regulatory documents

GOST 4.233-86 SPKP. Construction. Building solutions. Nomenclature of indicators

GOST 125-79 Gypsum binders. Specifications

GOST 2226-88 Paper bags. Specifications

GOST 2642.5-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for the determination of iron oxide

GOST 2642.11-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for determination of potassium and sodium oxides

GOST 3594.4-77 Molding clays. Methods for determining the sulfur content

GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete. Specifications

GOST 5802-86 Building mortars. Test Methods

GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test Methods

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications

GOST 9179-77 Building lime. Specifications

GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications

GOST 10181.3-81 Concrete mixes. Methods for determining porosity

GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications

GOST 18481-81 Hydrometers and glass cylinders. Specifications

GOST 21216.2-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determination of fine fractions

GOST 21216.12-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determining the residue on a sieve with mesh No. 000

GOST 22266-94 Sulphate-resistant cements. Specifications

GOST 23732-79 Water for concretes and mortars. Specifications

GOST 24211-91 Additives for concrete. General technical requirements

GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications

GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures for thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications

GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications

GOST 25820-83 Lightweight concrete. Specifications

GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications

GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from slags of thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications

GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 30459-96 Additives for concrete. Methods for determining efficiency

SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures

SNiP 2.03.11-85 Corrosion protection of building structures

SNiP II-3-79* Construction heat engineering

Mortar mobility at the application site

depending on the purpose of the solution

Table B.1

The main purpose of the solution	Immersion depth of the cone, cm	Mobility grade PC
A Masonry:
For rubble masonry:
vibrated
unvibrated
For hollow brick masonry
or ceramic stones
For solid brick masonry; ceramic
stones; concrete or light rock stones
For filling voids in masonry and supplying with a mortar pump
For making a bed when installing walls from large
concrete blocks and panels; horizontal stitching
and vertical joints in the walls of panels and large
concrete blocks
B Facing:
For fixing natural stone slabs and
ceramic tiles on finished brick wall
For fastening facing products of lightweight concrete
panels and blocks in the factory
In Plastering:
soil solution
spray solution:
when applied manually
with mechanized application
coating solution:
without plaster
with plaster

APPENDIX B

(mandatory)

Clay for mortars. Technical requirements

These technical requirements apply to clay intended for the preparation of mortars.

B.1. Technical requirements for clay

Sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO3 - 1;

Sulfide sulfur in terms of SO3 - 0.3;

Mica - 3;

Soluble salts (causing efflorescence and efflorescence):

the amount of iron oxides - 14;

the sum of potassium and sodium oxides is 7.

B.1.4 Clay shall not contain organic impurities in quantities that give a dark color.

IN 2. Clay test methods

B.2.1 The granulometric composition of clay is determined according to GOST 21216.2 and GOST 21216.12.

B.2.7 The presence of organic impurities is determined according to GOST 8735.

APPENDIX D

(mandatory)

Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar

Table D.1

1 area of use

3 Classification

4 General technical requirements

5 Acceptance rules

6 Control methods

7 Transport and storage

Annex A List of regulatory documents

Annex B Mobility of the mortar mixture at the site of application, depending on the purpose of the mortar

Appendix B Clay for mortars. Technical requirements

Annex D Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar

Key words: mortars, mineral binders, masonry, installation of building structures; mortars for masonry, facing, plastering

Building solutions. Marking, transportation and storage.According to GOST 28013-98

How are mortars classified according to their purpose?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, according to their main purpose, mortars are divided into :

- masonry mortars - mortars that are used for masonry and refractory masonry;

-finishing solutions - Solutions intended for finishing works when plastering walls and ceilings, as well as for preparing building surfaces for further finishing;

- special solutions - solutions in which there are special additives that enhance one or another of their qualities.

What are the solutions depending on the composition?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, depending on the type of binder used, as well as the number of components, solutions are:

- simple- they contain only one binder;

- complex- are determined by the presence of several binders in the composition of the solution (for example, cement-lime mortar);

- air- such mortars are able to harden only in dry conditions (for example, mortars with a gypsum binder);

-hydraulic- solutions that can harden in a humid environment.

How are mortars classified by average density?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, according to the average density, the solutions are divided into:

heavy;

Lungs.

What properties evaluate the quality of mortar mixtures?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the main properties of mortar mixtures:

Mobility;

Average density;

Water holding capacity;

Delamination;

application temperature;

Humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).

By what characteristics is the quality of hardened building mixtures evaluated?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the main properties of the hardened solution:

Compressive strength;

Frost resistance;

Average density.

How is the mobility of a mortar mixture determined and labelled?

Answer: Mobility mortars are usually denoted by the letter "P" and divided into four grades, which are determined by laboratory immersion of the cone.

Tab. Grade of mortar by mobility

Mobility grade P to	Norm of mobility by immersion of the cone, cm
P to 1	1 - 4
P to 2	4 - 8
P to 3	8 - 12
P to 4	12 - 1

How to choose a brand of mortar according to mobility, depending on the type and purpose of work?

Answer: The choice of mortar brand by mobility depends not only on the main purpose of the mortars (masonry, cladding or finishing), but also on the materials that come into contact with the mortar and the method of applying the mortars (manual or mechanical).

The main provisions for the choice of solutions are reflected in the table in accordance with GOST 28013-98.

Tab. The choice of brand of mortar according to mobility, depending on the purpose of the mortar

The main purpose of the solution	Immersion depth of the cone, cm	Mobility grade P to
Masonry mortars:
For rubble masonry:
vibrated		P to 1
unvibrated		P to 2
For hollow brick masonry		P to 2
or ceramic stones:
For solid brick masonry; ceramic	8-12	P to 3
stones; concrete or light rock stones
For filling voids in masonry and supplying with a mortar pump	13- 14	P to 4
For making a bed when installing walls from large		P to 2
concrete blocks and panels; horizontal stitching
and vertical joints in the walls of panels and large
concrete blocks		P to 2
Facing solutions:
For fixing natural stone slabs and		P to 2
ceramic tiles on finished brick wall
For fastening facing products of lightweight concrete
panels and blocks in the factory
Plaster solutions:
soil solution		P to 2
spray solution:
when applied manually	8-12	P to 3
with mechanized application	9-14	P to 4
coating solution:
without plaster		P to 2
with plaster	9-12	P to 3

What are the brands of mortars for compression?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of solutions.

What are the brands of mortars for frost resistance?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, the following frost resistance grades are established for solutions: F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200.

For solutions of grades for compressive strength M4 and M10, as well as for solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned and not controlled.

What are the brands of mortars in terms of medium density?

Answer: According to the density of mortars, mortars are divided into heavy and light. Heavy mortars include mortars with an average density of 1500 kg / m3 or more. They are prepared on dense aggregates with bulk density more than 1200 kg/m3. Light mortars are prepared on porous aggregates with a bulk density of less than 1200 kg/m3; the average density of such solutions is less than 1500 kg/m3.

The average density of mortars is indicated by the letter "D".

What are the consumption rates of cements for the preparation of mortars?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, cement consumption per 1 m 3 must be at least 100 kg.

For masonry mortars, the minimum consumption of cement is directly dependent on the type of structures and their operating conditions.

Tab. Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar

Operating conditions of enclosing structures, humidity conditions of premises according to SNiP II-3-79*	Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar per 1 m 3 of dry sand, kg
Under dry and normal room conditions
In humid conditions
In wet conditions

What accompanying documents should a consignment of mortar have?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, building mortar mixtures must have a quality document when dispensing a consignment. The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mix with a label or marking applied to the package, and the ready-to-use mortar released into the vehicle with a quality document, which should contain the following data:

Name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;

Symbol for mortar according to 3.2;

The class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value of A eff;

Brand for compressive strength;

Mobility mark (P to);

The volume of water required for the preparation of the mortar mixture, l / kg (for dry mortar mixtures);

The type and amount of the introduced additive (% of the mass of the binder);

Shelf life (for dry mortar mixes), months;

Weight (for dry mortar mixes), kg;

The amount of the mixture (for mortar mixtures ready for use), m 3;

date of preparation;

Application temperature, °С;

Designation of the current standard.

If necessary, the marking and the quality document may contain additional data.

The quality document must be signed by the manufacturer's official responsible for technical control.

How is the amount of building mixtures determined?

Answer: According to GOST 28013-98, ready-to-use mortar mixtures are dispensed and accepted by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring tank.

Dry mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.

How to properly transport and store mortar mixes?

Answer: Ready-to-use mortars must be transported in special vehicles, the use of which minimally affects the quality of the transported mortars.

Packed dry building mixtures can be transported by any mode of transport in accordance with the rules of transportation and cargo securing.

Packed dry building mixes should be stored in closed dry warehouses at a temperature not lower than 5°C and a shelf life of not more than 6 months from the date of issue.

Ready-made mortars delivered to the construction site must be used as soon as possible.

What characteristics of mortars should be displayed in the legend?

Answer: The symbol of the mortar should include the main characteristics:

Purpose of the solution;

Type of binder;

Strength brand;

Mobility Mark;

Mark on average density;

State standard.

Symbol example-

dry, light, plaster mix on cement binder, strength grade M50, mobility - P to 3, medium density D900:

Mix dry mortar plaster, cement, M50, P to 3,D900, GOST 28013-98.

GOST 28013-98

UDC666.971.001.4:006.354

Group G13

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING SOLUTIONS
General specifications

MORTARS
General srefications

OKS 91.100.10, OKSTU 5870

Introduction date 1999-07-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design Institute of Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after. V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko)

Introduced by Gosstroy of Russia

2 Adopted by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (MNTKS) on November 12, 1998

State name	Body name government controlled construction
Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Committee for Housing and Construction Policy under the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Inspectorate for Architecture and Construction under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Public Utilities of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3 INSTEAD OF GOST 28013-89

4 ENTERED INTO FORCE July 1, 1999 as state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated December 29, 1998 No. 30

1 area of use

This standard applies to mortars based on mineral binders used for masonry and installation of building structures during the construction of buildings and structures, fastening of facing products, plaster.
The standard does not apply to special mortars (heat-resistant, chemically resistant, fire-resistant, heat and waterproofing, grouting, decorative, straining, etc.).
The requirements set out in 4.3 - 4.13, 4.14.2 - 4.14.14, sections 5-7, appendices C and D of this standard are mandatory.

The normative documents used in this standard are given in Appendix A.

3 Classification

3.1 Mortars are classified according to:
- main purpose;
- used binder;
- medium density.
3.1.1 According to the main purpose, the solutions are divided into:
- masonry (including for installation works);
- facing;
- plastering.
3.1.2 According to the binder used, the solutions are divided into:
- simple (on a binder of the same type);
- complex (on mixed binders).
3.1.3 According to the average density, the solutions are divided into:
- heavy;
- lungs.
3.2 The reference designation of the mortar when ordering should consist of an abbreviated designation indicating the degree of readiness (for dry mortar mixes), purpose, type of binder used, grades for strength and mobility, average density (for light mortars) and the designation of this standard.
An example of a symbol for a heavy mortar, ready for use, masonry, on a lime-gypsum binder, strength grade M100, mobility - P to 2:
Masonry mortar, lime-gypsum, M100, P to 2, GOST 28013-98.
For a dry mortar mixture, light, plaster, cement binder, strength grade M50 and mobility - P to 3, medium density D900:
Mix dry mortar plaster, cement, M50, P to 3, D900, GOST 28013-98.

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Mortars are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.
4.2 The properties of mortars include the properties of mortar mixes and hardened mortar.
4.2.1 The main properties of mortar mixtures:
- mobility;
- water holding capacity;
- stratification;
- application temperature;
- average density;
- humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).
4.2.2 The main properties of the hardened mortar:
- compressive strength;
- frost resistance;
- average density.
If necessary, additional indicators can be set in accordance with GOST 4.233.
4.3 Depending on the mobility, mortar mixtures are subdivided in accordance with Table 1.

Table 1

The recommended mobility of the mortar mixture at the place of application, depending on the purpose of the mortar, is given in Appendix B.
4.4 The water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures should be at least 90%, clay-containing solutions - at least 93%.
4.5 The stratification of freshly prepared mixtures should not exceed 10%.
4.6 The mortar mixture should not contain fly ash of more than 20% of the mass of cement.
4.7 The temperature of mortar mixtures at the time of use should be:
a) masonry mortars for outdoor work - in accordance with the instructions in table 2;
b) facing mortars for cladding with glazed tiles at a minimum outdoor temperature, 0 C, not less than:
from 5 and above .............................................. ................................... fifteen;
c) plaster mortars at a minimum outdoor temperature, 0 C, not less than:
from 0 to 5.............................................. .......................................... fifteen
from 5 and above .............................................. .................................... ten.

table 2

Average daily outdoor temperature air, °С	Mortar mixture temperature, °C, not less than
	masonry material
	brick		stones
	at wind speed, m/s

Up to minus 10 From minus 10 to minus 20 Below minus 20	10 10 15	10 15 20	10 15 20	15 20 25
Note - For masonry mortar mixtures during installation work, the temperature of the mixture should be 10 ° C higher than indicated in the table

4.8 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures should not exceed 0.1% by weight.
4.9 The normalized indicators of the quality of the hardened mortar must be ensured at the design age.
For the design age of the solution, unless otherwise specified in the project documentation, should be taken, days:
- for solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders .................................................................. ................................................. ........7
- for mortars using hydraulic binders....28.
4.10 The compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.
The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of solutions.
4.11 The frost resistance of solutions is characterized by grades.
For solutions, the following frost resistance grades are established: F10, F15, F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200.
For solutions of grades for compressive strength M4 and M10, as well as for solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned and not controlled.
4.12 The average density, D, of hardened solutions at the design age should be, kg / m 3:
- heavy solutions ............................................... ......1500 and more
- light solutions ............................................... ......... less than 1500.
The normalized value of the average density of the solutions is set by the consumer in accordance with the work project.
4.13 The deviation of the average density of the solution in the direction of increase is allowed no more than 10% of the one established by the project.

4.14 Requirements for materials for the preparation of mortars

4.14.1 Materials used for the preparation of mortars must comply with the requirements of standards or specifications for these materials, as well as the requirements of this standard.
4.14.2 The following materials should be used as binders:
- gypsum binders according to GOST 125;
- building lime according to GOST 9179;
- Portland cement and Portland slag cement according to GOST 10178;
- pozzolanic and sulfate-resistant cements according to GOST 22266;
- cements for mortars according to GOST 25328;
- clay according to Appendix B;
- others, including mixed binders, according to regulatory documents for a specific type of binders.
4.14.3 Binder materials for the preparation of solutions should be selected depending on their purpose, type of structures and conditions of their operation.
4.14.4 The consumption of cement per 1 m 3 of sand in mortars based on cement and cement-containing binders must be at least 100 kg, and for masonry mortars, depending on the type of structures and their operating conditions, not less than that given in Appendix D.
4.14.5 The content of alkalis in cement binders intended for the preparation of plaster and facing solutions should not exceed 0.6% by weight.
4.14.6 Lime binder is used in the form of hydrated lime (fluff), lime paste, lime milk.
Lime milk must have a density of at least 1200 kg/m 3 and contain at least 30% lime by weight.
Lime binder for plastering and facing mortars must not contain unextinguished lime particles.
Lime dough must have a temperature of at least 5 °C.
4.14.7 As a filler should be used:
- sand for construction works according to GOST 8736;
- fly ash according to GOST 25818;
- ash and slag sand according to GOST 25592;
- porous sands according to GOST 25820;
- sand from slag from thermal power plants according to GOST 26644;
- sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete according to GOST 5578.
4.14.8 The largest aggregate grain size should be, mm, not more than:
- masonry (except rubble masonry) ....................................................2.5
- rubble masonry .............................................. ......................... 5.00
- plastering (except for the covering layer) .......................... 2.5
- plastering coating layer .............................................. 1.25
- finishing ................................................................ ................................1.25
The content of sand grains larger than 2.5 mm for plaster mortars and more than 1.25 mm for finishing and plaster coating solutions is not allowed.
4.14.9 When heating aggregates, their temperature, depending on the binder used, should not be higher, °C, when using:
- cement binder ............................................................... ................................................. ................... 60
- cement-lime, cement-clay and clay binder .............................................. 40
- lime, clay-lime, gypsum and lime-gypsum binder......................20.
4.14.10 The content of harmful impurities in aggregates should not exceed the requirements of GOST 26633 for fine aggregates.
4.14.11 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures should not exceed the limit values depending on the field of application of mortar mixtures in accordance with GOST 30108.
4.14.12 Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of GOST 24211.
Additives are introduced into ready-to-use mortar mixtures in the form of aqueous solutions or aqueous suspensions, and into dry mortar mixtures - in the form of a water-soluble powder or granules.
4.14.13 Water for mixing mortar mixtures and preparing additives is used in accordance with GOST 23732.
4.14.14 Loose raw materials for mortar mixtures are dosed by weight, liquid components are dosed by weight or volume.
Dosing error should not exceed ± 1% for binders, water and additives, ± 2% for fillers.
For mortar mixing plants with a capacity of up to 5 m 3 / h, volumetric dosing of all materials is allowed with the same errors.

4.15 Marking, packaging

4.15.1 Dry mortar mixtures are packed in polyethylene film bags according to GOST 10354 weighing up to 8 kg or paper bags according to GOST 2226 weighing up to 50 kg.
4.15.2 Packaged dry mortar mixes should be labeled on each package. The marking must be clearly marked on the packaging with indelible ink.
4.15.3 Mortar mixtures must have a document on quality. The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mix with a label or marking applied to the package, and the ready-to-use mortar released into the vehicle with a quality document, which should contain the following data:
- name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;
- symbol of the mortar according to 3.2;
- the class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value of A eff;
- brand for compressive strength;
- mark on mobility (P to);
- the volume of water required for the preparation of the mortar mixture, l / kg (for dry mortar mixtures);
- the type and amount of the added additive (% of the mass of the binder);
- shelf life (for dry mortar mixes), months;
- mass (for dry mortar mixtures), kg;
- the amount of the mixture (for mortar mixtures ready for use), m 3;
- date of preparation;
- application temperature, °С;
- designation of this standard.
If necessary, the marking and the quality document may contain additional data.
The quality document must be signed by the manufacturer's official responsible for technical control.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Mortar mixtures must be accepted by the technical control of the manufacturer.
5.2 Mortar mixtures and solutions are accepted in batches by carrying out acceptance and periodic control.
A batch of a mortar mixture and a solution is taken as the amount of a mixture of one nominal composition with the same quality of its constituent materials, prepared according to a single technology.
The volume of the batch is set in agreement with the consumer - not less than the output of one shift, but not more than the daily output of the mortar mixer.
5.3 All mortar mixtures and solutions are subject to acceptance control according to all standardized quality indicators.
5.4 When accepting each batch, at least five point samples are taken from the mortar mixture.
5.4.1 Point samples are taken at the place of preparation of the mortar mixture and / or at the place of its application from several batches or places of the container into which the mixture is loaded. Tank sampling points should be located at different depths. With a continuous supply of the mortar mixture, point samples are taken at unequal time intervals for 5-10 minutes.
5.4.2 Spot samples after selection are combined into a general sample, the mass of which should be sufficient to determine all controlled indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures and solutions. The sample taken is thoroughly mixed before testing (with the exception of mixtures containing air-entraining additives).
Mortar mixtures containing air-entraining, foaming and gas-forming additives are not additionally mixed before testing.
5.4.3 Testing of the ready-to-use mortar mixture should begin during the period of maintaining the normalized mobility.
5.5 The mobility and average density of the mortar mixture in each batch is controlled at least once per shift by the manufacturer after the mixture is unloaded from the mixer.
The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is controlled in each batch.
The strength of the solution is determined in each batch of the mixture.
The normalized technological indicators of the quality of the mortar mixtures provided for in the supply contract (average density, temperature, stratification, water-holding capacity), and the frost resistance of the mortar are controlled in time as agreed with the consumer, but at least once every 6 months, as well as when the quality of the initial materials, composition of the solution and technology of its preparation.
5.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures is carried out according to the quality documents issued by the enterprises - suppliers of these materials.
In the absence of data on the content of natural radionuclides, the manufacturer once a year, as well as at each change of supplier, determines the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff of materials according to GOST 30108.
5.7 Ready-to-use mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by volume. The volume of the mortar mixture is determined by the output of the mortar mixer or by the volume of the transport or measuring tank.
Dry mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.
5.8 If, when checking the quality of the mortar, a discrepancy is revealed with at least one of the technical requirements of the standard, this batch of mortar is rejected.
5.9 The consumer has the right to carry out a control check of the quantity and quality of the mortar mixture in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the methods of GOST 5802.
5.10 The manufacturer is obliged to inform the consumer, at his request, of the results of control tests no later than 3 days after their completion, and in case of non-confirmation of the normalized indicator, inform the consumer immediately.

6 Control methods

6.1 Samples of mortar mixtures are taken in accordance with the requirements of 5.4, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.
6.2 Materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of the standards and specifications for these materials.
6.3 The quality of chemical additives is determined by the effectiveness of their action on the properties of mortars according to GOST 30459.
6.4 The concentration of the working solution of additives is determined by a hydrometer according to GOST 18481 in accordance with the requirements of standards and specifications for additives of specific types.
6.5 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff in materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.
6.6 Mobility, average density, water-holding capacity and stratification of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.
6.7 The volume of air involved in mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 10181.3.
6.8 The temperature of freshly prepared mortar mixtures is measured with a thermometer, immersing it in the mixture to a depth of at least 5 cm.
6.9 Compressive strength, frost resistance and average density of hardened solutions are determined according to GOST 5802.
6.10 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 8735.

7 Transport and storage

7.1 Transport

7.1.1 Ready-to-use mortar mixtures should be delivered to the consumer in vehicles specially designed for their transportation.
With the consent of the consumer, transportation of mixtures in bunkers (buckets) is allowed.
7.1.2 The methods used for transporting mortar mixtures should exclude the loss of astringent dough, the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and impurities into the mixture.
7.1.3 Packed dry mortar mixes are transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage and securing of goods in force for this type of transport.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Mortar mixtures delivered to the construction site, ready for use, must be reloaded into reloaders-mixers or other containers, provided that the specified properties of the mixtures are preserved.
7.2.2 Packed mortar dry mixes are stored in covered dry rooms.
Bags with a dry mix should be stored at a temperature not lower than 5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging and protection from moisture.
7.2.3 The shelf life of the dry mortar mixture is 6 months from the date of preparation.
At the end of the shelf life, the mixture should be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. In case of compliance, the mixture can be used for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX A
(reference)

List of regulatory documents

GOST 4.233-86 SPKP. Construction. Building solutions. Nomenclature of indicators
GOST 125-79 Gypsum binders. Specifications
GOST 2226-88 Paper bags. Specifications
GOST 2642.5-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for the determination of iron oxide
GOST 2642.11-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for determination of potassium and sodium oxides
GOST 3594.4-77 Molding clays. Methods for determining the sulfur content
GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete. Specifications
GOST 5802-86 Building mortars. Test Methods
GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test Methods
GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications
GOST 9179-77 Building lime. Specifications
GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications
GOST 10181.3-81 Concrete mixes. Methods for determining porosity
GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications
GOST 18481-81 Hydrometers and glass cylinders. Specifications
GOST 21216.2-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determination of fine fractions
GOST 21216.12-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determining the residue on a sieve with mesh No. 0063
GOST 22266-94 Sulphate-resistant cements. Specifications
GOST 23732-79 Water for concretes and mortars. Specifications
GOST 24211-91 Additives for concrete. General technical requirements
GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications
GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures for thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 25820-83 Lightweight concrete. Specifications
GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications
GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from slags of thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications
GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides
GOST 30459-96 Additives for concrete. Methods for determining efficiency
SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures
SNiP 2.03.11-85 Corrosion protection of building structures
SNiP II-3-79* Construction heat engineering

GOST 28013-98

UDC 666.971.001.4:006.354 Group Zh13

INTERSTATE STANDARD

BUILDING SOLUTIONS

General specifications

MORTARS

General srefications

OKS 91.100.10, OKSTU 5870

Introduction date 1999-07-01

Foreword

1 DEVELOPED by the State Central Research and Design Institute of Complex Problems of Building Structures and Structures named after. V.A. Kucherenko (TsNIISK named after V.A. Kucherenko)

INTRODUCED by Gosstroy of Russia

2 ADOPTED by the Interstate Scientific and Technical Commission for Standardization, Technical Regulation and Certification in Construction (ISTCS) on November 12, 1998

State name	Name of the public administration body for construction
Republic of Armenia	Ministry of Urban Development of the Republic of Armenia
The Republic of Kazakhstan	Committee on Housing and Construction Policy under the Ministry of Energy, Industry and Trade of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Republic of Kyrgyzstan	State Inspectorate for Architecture and Construction under the Government of the Kyrgyz Republic
The Republic of Moldova	Ministry of Territorial Development, Construction and Public Utilities of the Republic of Moldova
the Russian Federation	Gosstroy of Russia
The Republic of Tajikistan	Gosstroy of the Republic of Tajikistan
The Republic of Uzbekistan	Goskomarchitektstroy of the Republic of Uzbekistan

3 INSTEAD OF GOST 28013-89

4 INTRODUCED from July 1, 1999 as the state standard of the Russian Federation by the Decree of the Gosstroy of Russia dated December 29, 1998 No. 30

1 area of use

The standard does not apply to special mortars (heat-resistant, chemically resistant, fire-resistant, heat and waterproofing, grouting, decorative, straining, etc.).

The requirements set out in 4.3 - 4.13, 4.14.2 - 4.14.14, sections 5-7, appendices C and D of this standard are mandatory.

The normative documents used in this standard are given in Appendix A.

3 Classification

3.1 Mortars are classified according to:

main purpose;

The binder used;

Medium density.

3.1.1 According to the main purpose, solutions are divided into:

Masonry (including for installation work);

Facing;

Plaster.

3.1.2 According to the binder used, the solutions are divided into:

Simple (on a binder of one type);

Complex (on mixed binders).

3.1.3 According to the average density, the solutions are divided into:

heavy;

Lungs.

An example of a symbol for a heavy mortar, ready for use, masonry, on a lime-gypsum binder, strength grade M100, mobility - P to 2:

Masonry mortar, lime-gypsum, M100, P to 2, GOST 28013-98.

For a dry mortar mixture, light, plaster, cement binder, strength grade M50 and mobility - P to 3, medium density D900:

Mix dry mortar plaster, cement, M50, P to 3, D900, GOST 28013-98.

4 General technical requirements

4.1 Mortars are prepared in accordance with the requirements of this standard according to the technological regulations approved by the manufacturer.

4.2 Properties of mortars include properties of mortar mixtures and hardened mortar.

4.2.1 Basic properties of mortar mixtures:

Mobility;

Water holding capacity;

Delamination;

application temperature;

Average density;

Humidity (for dry mortar mixtures).

4.2.2 Main properties of the hardened mortar:

Compressive strength;

Frost resistance;

Average density.

If necessary, additional indicators can be set in accordance with GOST 4.233.

4.3 Depending on the mobility, mortar mixtures are subdivided in accordance with table 1.

Table 1

Mobility grade P to	Norm of mobility by immersion of the cone, cm
P to 1	From 1 to 4 incl.
P to 2	St. 4 » 8 »
P to 3	» 8 » 12 »
P to 4	" 12 " fourteen "

4.4 Water-holding capacity of mortar mixtures should be at least 90%, clay-containing solutions - at least 93%.

4.5 The delamination of freshly prepared mixtures should not exceed 10%.

4.6 The mortar mixture should not contain fly ash of more than 20% of the mass of cement.

4.7 The temperature of mortar mixtures at the time of use should be:

a) masonry mortars for outdoor work - in accordance with the instructions in table 2;

b) facing mortars for cladding with glazed tiles at minimum outdoor temperature,° C, at least:

from 5 and above .............................................. ................................... fifteen;

c) plaster mortars at a minimum outdoor temperature,° C, at least:

from 0 to 5.............................................. .......................................... fifteen

from 5 and above .............................................. ..................................... ten.

table 2

Average daily	Mortar mixture temperature, °C, not less than
outdoor temperature	masonry material
air, °С	brick		stones
	at wind speed, m/s
	until 6	St. 6	until 6	St. 6
Up to minus 10
From minus 10 to minus 20
Below minus 20
*Note* - For masonry mortar mixtures during installation work, the temperature of the mixture must be 10 ° C higher than indicated in the table

4.8 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures should not exceed 0.1% by weight.

4.9 Normalized indicators of the quality of the hardened mortar must be provided at the design age.

For the design age of the solution, unless otherwise specified in the project documentation, should be taken, days:

For solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders .................................................................. ................................................. 7

For mortars using hydraulic binders....28.

4.10 The compressive strength of mortars at design age is characterized by grades: M4, M10, M25, M50, M75, M100, M150, M200.

The compressive strength grade is assigned and controlled for all types of solutions.

4.11 Frost resistance of solutions is characterized by grades.

For solutions, the following marks for frost resistance are established:F 10,F 15,F25, F35, F50, F75, F100, F150, F200.

For solutions of grades for compressive strength M4 and M10, as well as for solutions prepared without the use of hydraulic binders, frost resistance grades are not assigned and not controlled.

4.12 Average density, D , hardened solutions at the design age should be, kg / m 3:

Heavy solutions .................................................................. ... 1500 and more

Light solutions .................................................................. ........ less than 1500.

The normalized value of the average density of the solutions is set by the consumer in accordance with the work project.

4.13 Deviation of the average density of the solution in the direction of increase is allowed no more than 10% of the one established by the project.

4.14 Requirements for materials for the preparation of mortars

4.14.1 Materials used for the preparation of mortars must comply with the requirements of standards or specifications for these materials, as well as the requirements of this standard.

4.14.2 The following should be used as binders:

Gypsum binders according to GOST 125;

Building lime according to GOST 9179;

Portland cement and Portland slag cement according to GOST 10178;

Pozzolanic and sulfate-resistant cements according to GOST 22266;

Cements for mortars according to GOST 25328;

Clay according to Appendix B;

Others, including mixed binders, according to regulatory documents for a specific type of binders.

4.14.3 Binder materials for the preparation of solutions should be selected depending on their purpose, type of structures and conditions of their operation.

4.14.4 The consumption of cement per 1 m 3 of sand in mortars based on cement and cement-containing binders must be at least 100 kg, and for masonry mortars, depending on the type of structures and their operating conditions, not less than that given in Appendix D.

4.14.5 The content of alkalis in cement binders intended for the preparation of plaster and facing solutions should not exceed 0.6% by weight.

4.14.6 Lime binder is used in the form of hydrated lime (fluff), lime paste, lime milk.

Lime milk must have a density of at least 1200 kg/m 3 and contain at least 30% lime by weight.

Lime binder for plastering and facing mortars must not contain unextinguished lime particles.

Lime dough must have a temperature of at least 5 °C.

4.14.7 The following should be used as a placeholder:

Sand for construction works according to GOST 8736;

Fly ash according to GOST 25818;

Ash and slag sand according to GOST 25592;

Porous sands according to GOST 25820;

Sand from slag from thermal power plants according to GOST 26644;

Sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete according to GOST 5578.

4.14.8 The largest aggregate grain size should be, mm, not more than:

Masonry (except rubble masonry) ..........................................2.5

Rubble masonry .................................................. ......................... 5.00

Plaster (except for the covering layer) .................................................2.5

Plaster coat .................................................................. 1.25

Finishing ................................................. ............................. 1.25

The content of sand grains larger than 2.5 mm for plaster mortars and more than 1.25 mm for finishing and plaster coating solutions is not allowed.

4.14.9 When heating aggregates, their temperature, depending on the binder used, should not be higher, °С, when using:

Cement binder ................................................................ ................................................. ......... 60

Cement-lime, cement-clay and clay binder .............................................. 40

Lime, clay-lime, gypsum and lime-gypsum binder ............... 20.

4.14.10 The content of harmful impurities in aggregates should not exceed the requirements of GOST 26633 for fine aggregates.

4.14.11 Specific effective activity of natural radionuclidesA eff of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures should not exceed the limit values, depending on the field of application of mortar mixtures in accordance with GOST 30108.

4.14.12 Chemical additives must comply with the requirements of GOST 24211.

Additives are introduced into ready-to-use mortar mixtures in the form of aqueous solutions or aqueous suspensions, and into dry mortar mixtures - in the form of a water-soluble powder or granules.

4.14.13 Water for mixing mortar mixtures and preparing additives is used in accordance with GOST 23732.

4.14.14 Bulk raw materials for mortar mixtures are dosed by weight, liquid components are dosed by weight or volume.

Dosing error should not exceed ± 1% for binders, water and additives, ± 2% for fillers.

For mortar mixing plants with a capacity of up to 5 m 3 / h, volumetric dosing of all materials is allowed with the same errors.

4.15 Marking, packaging

4.15.1 Dry mortar mixtures are packed in polyethylene film bags according to GOST 10354 weighing up to 8 kg or paper bags according to GOST 2226 weighing up to 50 kg.

4.15.2 Packaged dry mortar mixes should be marked on each package. The marking must be clearly marked on the packaging with indelible ink.

4.15.3 Mortar mixtures must have a quality document. The manufacturer must accompany the dry mortar mix with a label or marking applied to the package, and the ready-to-use mortar released into the vehicle with a quality document, which should contain the following data:

Name or trademark and address of the manufacturer;

Symbol for mortar according to 3.2;

The class of materials used to prepare the mixture, according to the specific effective activity of natural radionuclides and the digital value of A eff;

Brand for compressive strength;

Mobility mark (P to);

The volume of water required for the preparation of the mortar mixture, l / kg (for dry mortar mixtures);

The type and amount of the introduced additive (% of the mass of the binder);

Shelf life (for dry mortar mixes), months;

Weight (for dry mortar mixes), kg;

The amount of the mixture (for mortar mixtures ready for use), m 3;

date of preparation;

Application temperature, °С;

Designation of this standard.

If necessary, the marking and the quality document may contain additional data.

The quality document must be signed by the manufacturer's official responsible for technical control.

5 Acceptance rules

5.1 Mortar mixtures should be accepted by the manufacturer's technical control.

5.2 Mortar mixtures and solutions are accepted in batches by carrying out acceptance and periodic control.

A batch of a mortar mixture and a solution is taken as the amount of a mixture of one nominal composition with the same quality of its constituent materials, prepared according to a single technology.

The volume of the batch is set in agreement with the consumer - not less than the output of one shift, but not more than the daily output of the mortar mixer.

5.3 All mortar mixtures and solutions are subject to acceptance control according to all standardized quality indicators.

5.4 When accepting each batch, at least five point samples are taken from the mortar mixture.

5.4.1 Incremental samples are taken at the place of preparation of the mortar mixture and / or at the place of its application from several batches or places of the container into which the mixture is loaded. Tank sampling points should be located at different depths. With a continuous supply of the mortar mixture, point samples are taken at unequal time intervals for 5-10 minutes.

5.4.2 After sampling, point samples are combined into a general sample, the mass of which should be sufficient to determine all controlled indicators of the quality of mortar mixtures and solutions. The sample taken is thoroughly mixed before testing (with the exception of mixtures containing air-entraining additives).

Mortar mixtures containing air-entraining, foaming and gas-forming additives are not additionally mixed before testing.

5.4.3 Testing of the ready-to-use mortar mixture should begin during the period of maintaining the normalized mobility.

5.5 The mobility and average density of the mortar mixture in each batch is controlled at least once per shift at the manufacturer after unloading the mixture from the mixer.

The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is controlled in each batch.

The strength of the solution is determined in each batch of the mixture.

5.6 Radiation-hygienic assessment of materials used for the preparation of mortar mixtures is carried out according to the quality documents issued by the enterprises - suppliers of these materials.

Dry mortar mixtures are dispensed and taken by weight.

5.8 If, when checking the quality of the mortar, a discrepancy is revealed with at least one of the technical requirements of the standard, this batch of mortar is rejected.

6 Control methods

6.1 Mortar samples are taken in accordance with the requirements of 5.4, 5.4.1 and 5.4.2.

6.2 Materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures are tested in accordance with the requirements of the standards and specifications for these materials.

6.3 The quality of chemical additives is determined in terms of the effectiveness of their action on the properties of mortars in accordance with GOST 30459.

6.5 The specific effective activity of natural radionuclides A eff in materials for the preparation of mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 30108.

6.6 Mobility, average density, water-holding capacity and stratification of mortar mixtures are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.7 The volume of air involved in mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 10181.3.

6.8 The temperature of freshly prepared mortar mixtures is measured with a thermometer, immersing it in the mixture to a depth of at least 5 cm.

6.9 Compressive strength, frost resistance and average density of hardened solutions are determined according to GOST 5802.

6.10 The moisture content of dry mortar mixtures is determined according to GOST 8735.

7 Transport and storage

7.1 Transport

7.1.1 Ready-to-use mortar mixtures should be delivered to the consumer in vehicles specially designed for their transportation.

With the consent of the consumer, transportation of mixtures in bunkers (buckets) is allowed.

7.1.2 The methods used for transporting mortar mixtures should exclude the loss of astringent dough, the ingress of atmospheric precipitation and foreign impurities into the mixture.

7.1.3 Packed dry mortar mixes are transported by road, rail and other modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the carriage and securing of goods in force for this type of transport.

7.2 Storage

7.2.1 Mortar mixtures delivered to the construction site, ready for use, must be reloaded into mixers or other containers, provided that the specified properties of the mixtures are preserved.

7.2.2 Packed mortar dry mixes are stored in covered dry rooms.

Bags with a dry mix should be stored at a temperature not lower than 5°C under conditions that ensure the safety of the packaging and protection from moisture.

7.2.3 The shelf life of the dry mortar mixture is 6 months from the date of preparation.

At the end of the shelf life, the mixture should be checked for compliance with the requirements of this standard. In case of compliance, the mixture can be used for its intended purpose.

APPENDIX A

(reference)

List of regulatory documents

GOST 4.233-86 SPKP. Construction. Building solutions. Nomenclature of indicators

GOST 125-79 Gypsum binders. Specifications

GOST 2226-88 Paper bags. Specifications

GOST 2642.5-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for the determination of iron oxide

GOST 2642.11-97 Refractories and refractory raw materials. Methods for determination of potassium and sodium oxides

GOST 3594.4-77 Molding clays. Methods for determining the sulfur content

GOST 5578-94 Crushed stone and sand from slags of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy for concrete. Specifications

GOST 5802-86 Building mortars. Test Methods

GOST 8735-88 Sand for construction work. Test Methods

GOST 8736-93 Sand for construction work. Specifications

GOST 9179-77 Building lime. Specifications

GOST 10178-85 Portland cement and Portland slag cement. Specifications

GOST 10181.3-81 Concrete mixes. Methods for determining porosity

GOST 10354-82 Polyethylene film. Specifications

GOST 18481-81 Hydrometers and glass cylinders. Specifications

GOST 21216.2-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determination of fine fractions

GOST 21216.12-93 Clay raw materials. Method for determining the residue on a sieve with mesh No. 0063

GOST 22266-94 Sulphate-resistant cements. Specifications

GOST 23732-79 Water for concretes and mortars. Specifications

GOST 24211-91 Additives for concrete. General technical requirements

GOST 25328-82 Cement for mortars. Specifications

GOST 25592-91 Ash and slag mixtures for thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications

GOST 25818-91 Fly ash from thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications

GOST 25820-83 Lightweight concrete. Specifications

GOST 26633-91 Heavy and fine-grained concrete. Specifications

GOST 26644-85 Crushed stone and sand from slags of thermal power plants for concrete. Specifications

GOST 30108-94 Building materials and products. Determination of specific effective activity of natural radionuclides

GOST 30459-96 Additives for concrete. Methods for determining efficiency

SNiP 2.02.01-83* Foundations of buildings and structures

SNiP 2.03.11-85 Corrosion protection of building structures

SNiP II-3-79* Construction heat engineering

APPENDIX B

Mortar mobility at the application site

depending on the purpose of the solution

Table B.1

The main purpose of the solution	Immersion depth of the cone, cm	Mobility grade P to
A Masonry:
For rubble masonry:
vibrated	1-3	P to 1
unvibrated	4-6	P to 2
For hollow brick masonry	7-8	P to 2
or ceramic stones
For solid brick masonry; ceramic	8-12	P to 3
stones; concrete or light rock stones
For filling voids in masonry and supplying with a mortar pump	13- 14	P to 4
For making a bed when installing walls from large	5-7	P to 2
concrete blocks and panels; horizontal stitching
and vertical joints in the walls of panels and large
concrete blocks
B Facing:
For fixing natural stone slabs and	6-8	P to 2
ceramic tiles on finished brick wall
For fastening facing products of lightweight concrete
panels and blocks in the factory
In Plastering:
soil solution	7-8	P to 2
spray solution:
when applied manually	8-12	P to 3
with mechanized application	9-14	P to 4
coating solution:
without plaster	7-8	P to 2
with plaster	9-12	P to 3

APPENDIX B

(mandatory)

Clay for mortars. Technical requirements

These technical requirements apply to clay intended for the preparation of mortars.

B.1. Technical requirements for clay

B.1.1 The content of clay particles smaller than 0.4 mm should be not less than 30 and not more than 80%.

B.1.2 The content of sand particles larger than 0.16 mm should not exceed 30%.

B.1.3 The content of chemical components from the mass of dry clay should not be more than,%:

Sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO 3 - 1;

Sulfide sulfur in terms of SO 3 - 0.3;

Mica - 3;

Soluble salts (causing efflorescence and efflorescence):

the amount of iron oxides - 14;

the sum of potassium and sodium oxides is 7.

B.1.4 Clay shall not contain organic impurities in quantities that give a dark color.

IN 2. Clay test methods

B.2.1 The granulometric composition of clay is determined according to GOST 21216.2 and GOST 21216.12.

B.2.2 The content of sulfates and sulfides in terms of SO 3 is determined according to GOST 3594.4.

B.2.3 The content of sulfide sulfur in terms of SO 3 is determined according to GOST 3594.4.

B.2.4 The mica content is determined by the petrographic method according to GOST 8735.

B.2.5 The content of the total iron oxide is determined according to GOST 2642.11.

B.2.6 The content of the sum of potassium and sodium oxide according to GOST 2642.5.

B.2.7 The presence of organic impurities is determined according to GOST 8735.

APPENDIX D

(mandatory)

Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar

Table D.1

Operating conditions of enclosing structures, humidity conditions of premises according to SNiP II-3-79*	Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar per 1 m 3 of dry sand, kg
Under dry and normal room conditions	100
In humid conditions	125
In wet conditions	175

Content

1 area of use

3 Classification

4 General technical requirements

5 Acceptance rules

6 Control methods

7 Transport and storage

Annex A List of regulatory documents

Annex B Mobility of the mortar mixture at the site of application, depending on the purpose of the mortar

Appendix B Clay for mortars. Technical requirements

Annex D Minimum consumption of cement in masonry mortar

Key words: mortars, mineral binders, masonry, installation of building structures; mortars for masonry, facing, plastering

"GOST 28013-98 Building mortars. General specifications" is provided for review. You can download it for free for personal use only.

home > Abrasives

Building mortars general specifications. Building mortars general specifications Mortar pk3 characteristics

How are mortars classified according to their purpose?

What are the solutions depending on the composition?

How are mortars classified by average density?

What properties evaluate the quality of mortar mixtures?

By what characteristics is the quality of hardened building mixtures evaluated?

How is the mobility of a mortar mixture determined and labelled?

How to choose a brand of mortar according to mobility, depending on the type and purpose of work?

What are the brands of mortars for compression?

What are the brands of mortars for frost resistance?

What are the brands of mortars in terms of medium density?

What are the consumption rates of cements for the preparation of mortars?

What accompanying documents should a consignment of mortar have?

How is the amount of building mixtures determined?

How to properly transport and store mortar mixes?

What characteristics of mortars should be displayed in the legend?

We also recommend