Sheds attached to the house: photos, varieties, installation stages and design features. Do-it-yourself canopy: how to build a quickly beautiful and reliable canopy from improvised materials Do-it-yourself country canopy

Making a wooden canopy with your own hands is not difficult. It protects well from rain and sun, helps to cover the car from precipitation and increase living space. The popularity of awnings for summer cottages has grown a lot in recent years. This is due to the fact that it has become even easier to make them thanks to detailed instructions and recommendations from the masters on the Internet.

Canopy structures

Canopy is a broad concept. That's what they call big number of different outbuildings. Canopies are single-slope and gable, straight and multifaceted. And this is an incomplete list, since there are many more classifications and options for even the most whimsical owners of country houses.

Such structures can be located in different parts of the site. Often, awnings are installed right next to the house near the door or open veranda. Structures of this type are not initially planned during the construction of the house, but are completed by the owners in the future, if desired.

Built-in canopies are somewhat similar to the previous ones, but the difference is that they are initially included in the construction plan and are a continuation of the house. Basically, these are built for a barbecue area.

Canopies create and separately from the house. Often such structures are built to store a car or temporarily save food and materials. They are also installed as an analogue of a gazebo for relaxation.

To create canopies, different materials are used both for load-bearing structures, and for their coating and possible cladding. Mainly used for roof metal profile or reed, and for the base - a tree. The use of "living roofs" gives originality to such structures. For example, the same reeds or grapes are the easiest wooden canopy to make. For a reliable basis, you can take metal pipes.

Start of construction

First you need to prepare the necessary materials. Their list and number will depend on the type of canopy and its size. For example, you can take a free-standing canopy measuring 6 by 3 meters. To get started you will need:

After purchasing all the necessary materials, you need to mark the territory on which the structure will stand. Need to draw rectangle 3 meters wide and 6 meters long. On the six-meter sides, you need to dig three holes for the main supports. Make them deep, about 20-30 centimeters deeper than the freezing layer of the earth.

The upper parts of the supports before installation in the pits must be prepared for attaching the beams. To do this will not be difficult. For preparation, you need a grinder. It is necessary to cut the end of the pipe in the middle by 100 mm. Bend one formed part 90 degrees, thereby creating a place for attaching the beam. In the standing parts, holes should be made for the bolts with which the beams will be attached.

At the bottom of the pits, you need to pour a little rubble. After that, lower the pipes and fix them with stretch marks. Using a level, you need to align the racks. It must be borne in mind that one side will need to be made higher for water flow. Then you can start preparing the solution. Cement, sand and gravel must be mixed in proportions - 1:3:4. The finished solution must be poured into the pits with exposed pipes in them. When the concrete hardens a little, you need to fix the upper parts of the pipes by placing beams on them in previously prepared places. It is advisable to wait a few weeks for the concrete to harden well and harden.

In hot weather, concrete must be sprinkled with water to prevent cracking. In frosts, you can cover it with a layer of soil. But it is desirable to build at a temperature of 20 degrees without precipitation. Then the conditions will be ideal. It is better to wait for the concrete to completely harden, but if necessary, the final part can be started in a few days.

Installation of rafters and roofing

Basically, to save money, they use metal tiles, slate or profiled sheets. All of them are inexpensive and last a long time.

After the concrete has hardened, you can take on the rafters and roof. For this you need:

• 18 squares of selected roofing material;
• 160-200 self-tapping screws;
• 120 mm nails (pack);
• 6 meter gutters;
• fasteners for gutters.

First you need to install the beams between the racks. Wooden beams can be used as beams. But it is worth noting that the tree will crack over time, and its rigidity will decrease. Therefore, the masters recommend using two boards that are bolted together.

Then follows the installation of rafters and battens. On previously concreted pipes, transverse boards are placed with an edge on top . Attached with standard screws and nuts. After fixing the boards, you need to install the transverse boards.

When mounting the roof, the bottom sheets must first be installed. Then one by one it is required to lay out new layers on them. If, as a result, the top sheet has gone beyond the edges, then it must be cut with scissors for metal or a grinder when using metal tiles.

When the roof is installed, you need to proceed for installing rain gutters. It is necessary to cut off 6 meters of the drain gutter with a grinder. Then attach the fasteners to the base with screws and install the gutter directly into them.

The construction of sheds is quite easy if you choose the right material and how to prepare.

Sometimes the farm may need a large wooden shed measuring 6 by 20. This can be a shed for parking several cars in order to close the production site or the storage of building materials. Sometimes it can be just a canopy attached to the house and stretching along the entire wall in order to simultaneously close the passage, driveway, parking lot, recreation area or equipment storage area. If the canopy is attached to the house, then the most convenient roof structure with such dimensions is a shed.

Book a canopy?

We make canopies from polycarbonate and glass.
At prices there are promotional carports - turnkey carport 3.6 x 6.3 = 63.000 rubles!!!
carport for 2 turnkey cars 5.7 x 6.3 = 128.000 rubles!!!

A canopy, even of this size, is not the most complex structure, but it necessarily requires an accurate calculation. to create an effective slope angle and choose the best roofing material so that it does not break in winter under the weight of snow. The supporting frame must survive any storms characteristic of the region, otherwise, if errors were made in the calculations, it may simply collapse.

The choice of building material

To create a solid and reliable structure of this size, you will have to spend money on structural elements. You will need:

1. Support pillars with a cross section of at least 150 by 200,

2. beams of the same section (their number depends on the length, the beams will have to be spliced),

3. rafters with a section of at least 100 by 150, preferably 200 by 100, depending on the snow load of the region. The step between the rafters must be calculated based on the material of the roof. If a polycarbonate roof is planned, then the step should be made more frequent, 0.7 m. When covered with a profiled sheet, the step can be increased.

The minimum slope of the slope should be at least 12 degrees, and preferably more, so that the snow calmly descends from the roof. Roofing material must also be taken according to financial capabilities, preferably not rough, so that it does not slow down the sliding of snow.

A minimum slope is created by building walls opposite each other of different heights. For example, to create a slope of 12-13 degrees, the length of the supports should correspond to 3.7 m at the point of attachment to the house and 2.6 m at the bottom of the opposite row.

Support device

When marking the site for a canopy, it must be taken into account that the removal from the outer side of the roof should be equal to 20 cm. Based on this, along the wall to which the canopy will adjoin and, on the contrary, the installation sites of the supporting pillars are marked. For example, you can take a step between the pillars of 3 meters. Concrete foundations must be poured under the supporting pillars. The support post can be immersed in concrete, having previously treated it with anti-rotting impregnations and wrapping it with dense polyethylene. You can use embedded parts - anchors. Anchors can also be dismantled and sunk directly into concrete. To create a concrete base, a pit 90 cm deep is enough.

The supports are screwed to the anchors with anchors. First, a row is mounted near the wall of the house. Then the second outer row of supports is installed. The supports must be installed strictly opposite each other, strictly vertically and aligned to the required height, taking into account the planned slope. That is, the supports near the wall should be higher than the outer ones.

Frame device

Supporting horizontal beams are attached to the supporting pillars. You also need to start work from a row away from the wall.

The beams are laid on the supporting pillars, spliced ​​together with metal plates. After the horizontal is checked by the level, the beams are fastened with self-tapping screws to the supporting pillars and with the help of fasteners to the wall of the house.

To create a more durable structure, on the opposite side, the beams are additionally reinforced with spacers in both directions at an angle of 45 degrees from each support column. The spacers are also fastened with self-tapping screws.

You can mount the crossbars with self-tapping screws, or you can use metal mounting brackets. Beams are mounted first from the edges, then in the center, then the rest.

The offset should be at least 20 cm. Lastly, an end board is stuffed onto the ends of the boards.

For greater strength, you can strengthen the extreme beams with rafter legs. To do this, a beam is attached to the supporting pillars from the side of the wall at the level of the end of the pillars of the opposite side at an angle of 45 degrees, which will hold the rafters and roof in winter, with excess snow weight.

For outdoor recreation, the scorching rays of the sun or the rain that started at the wrong time become an obstacle. Sheds for summer cottages, built independently or with the involvement of specialists, are becoming a popular solution to the issue. They serve as optimal protection from the sun or precipitation, which is easy to build with your own hands anywhere in the summer cottage.

What is a canopy

Canopies, which are built in summer cottages, are a supporting structure in the form of several vertical racks supporting a flat or curved roofing system, on which a roofing covering of one or another material is installed. Simply put, sheds to the country house are a lightweight roof mounted on high racks and used to protect against various atmospheric manifestations.

The specificity of these structures is that as a result a roof without walls is created, a room that does not have enclosing structures. In some cases, ordinary curtains are used, which close the inside, getting a closed room like a tent. In fact, the canopy is the most simplified, small version of the gazebo, which can be quickly done without building a foundation, erecting walls and other elements of a traditional garden gazebo.

What functions does the canopy perform

Sheds in the garden can perform different functions. First of all, they are designed for outdoor recreation with family or friends. Protection from sunlight or rain allows you to ignore the vagaries of the weather and enjoy communication and change of scenery in any conditions.

Sheds in the country have considerable economic functions. For example, a structure attached to a country house will ensure that various work is carried out under protection from rain or sun, which will significantly extend working hours.

Usually around noon on a hot day, all life in summer cottages freezes because of the heat, but the construction of sheds makes it possible to use these hours more rationally. No less comfortable canopy in the rain. For example, if you need to make minor repairs to a car, they simply drive it under a canopy and perform all actions in comfortable conditions.

Types of canopies

Before you start building a country canopy with your own hands, you need to decide on its size, design and material from which the structure will be created. First of all, you should decide how the supporting structure will be mounted. Country canopies are stationary, installed in a certain place for permanent use, and collapsible, having the ability to move to any place you like on the site. Most often, a do-it-yourself canopy for a summer residence is made stationary, since the ability to change the place is not available in all areas.

There are two options for creating a support structure:

• Stand-alone structure. This option is a lightweight version of the garden gazebo. A canopy over the table allows you to spend time with your family or friends in almost any weather.
• Attached to the wall of the house. This design is more economical, since the support on the wall allows it to provide sufficient rigidity and strength. In addition, proximity to the house makes it easier for the owners to set the table, move chairs or other furniture. Often the extension of the canopy helps to solve the problem of equipping a parking lot, where there is bright sunlight and simple repairs can be made.

Having decided on the supporting structure, it is necessary to resolve the issue with the roof of the canopy. It can be made from different types of material:

• Decking. The metal roof is very durable, freely withstands the weight of snow in winter. At the same time, it tends to rust if the polymer protective layer is damaged and rattles strongly in the rain.
• Slate. The traditional type of asbestos cement material is currently considered environmentally harmful, but modern types of slate do not contain asbestos and are not dangerous. In addition, the current types of material are much lighter, which simplifies the requirements for load-bearing structures.
• Polycarbonate. A translucent material that has several color options with varying degrees of transparency. Lightweight yet durable. It makes noise in the rain, is able to bend plastically, taking the form of a supporting structure. Most complex forms of canopies are covered with polycarbonate.
• Textile. The simplest type of roofing that is easy to install or remove for washing or cleaning. The material burns out in the sun, gets wet in the rain, is short-lived, but also relatively inexpensive. Used mainly in the summer.

In addition, you should choose the configuration of the roof. Country canopies can have the following types of roofing:

• A straight line, which is a plane without a slope. During rain, such roofs do not have an organized flow of water, which is not always convenient. Most often, sheds of this type are lightweight structures with a roof made of fabric, which, if necessary, is easy to remove for cleaning.
• Pitched. The roof of the canopy has a slope in one direction () or in two, like the roof of a house. Shed garden sheds for summer cottages are usually attached to the wall of the house, gable ones are installed separately. The shape of the slopes can be symmetrical or consist of two planes different in area and slope.
• Complicated form. The roof is not flat, in lateral section it is an arc or a wavy line. Smoothly rounded roofs are usually made for free-standing canopies, and wavy ones for attached ones. Canopies in the country with a complex roof shape have high decorative qualities and decorate the site.

Consider the options for manufacturing a support structure from different materials:

Metal canopies for summer cottages

It should immediately be clarified that the phrase "metal sheds for summer cottages" entirely refers only to the support system, the roof can be made of any material. We are talking about racks and roof support system.

As racks, metal pipes of round or rectangular section are usually used. They are deepened with their lower ends into the ground and concreted, and the upper ends are welded or bolted to the roof trusses. To strengthen the racks and increase their stability along the longitudinal axis, the so-called. link farms. Most often they are fixed at the top of the racks, under the roof trusses. This allows you to free up space below for movement, placement of furniture or any fixtures. Metal canopies are durable, reliable in operation, but their cost is slightly higher than the cost of other types.

Wooden awnings

For any person who has decided to build a canopy for a summer residence with their own hands, wood is the most successful choice. It is easy to process, affordable and relatively inexpensive. A wooden canopy does not have to be immersed in the ground, there are options for structures installed directly on the soil. Such a structure is lightweight, failed elements can be easily replaced or repaired. The disadvantage of wood is the ability to warp, crack, rot. In addition, wood is flammable, which creates additional restrictions for such structures (installation of barbecues or barbecues, making fires, etc.).

Brick sheds

In this case, it would be more correct to say “using brick”, since only the bases for the racks are made of brick. If you lay out brick supports for the truss system, then the result will be a full-fledged capital gazebo, and given the large weight of the brick, you will also need a foundation with all the excavation and carpentry-concrete work attached to it. Therefore, the usual option is to reinforce the lower part of the posts with bricks, which increases their stability, fixes them to the ground and makes it possible to obtain support for railings, fences or other structural elements used as needed.

How to build a canopy in the country

In order to make a canopy in the country with your own hands, several positions are required:

• Work project. A structure built without a plan, at random, may not be what was originally planned. A canopy that can suddenly collapse on the heads of guests or household members is too dangerous a structure. A detailed project is needed, in which all dimensions, installation methods, connections, etc. will be accurately calculated.
• Tools and materials. Based on the project, the necessary tools (if not already available) and materials are purchased. Practice shows that you should buy material with some margin - about 10-15%. This won't increase your costs too much, but it will help offset the occasional loss due to mistakes, mishandling, etc.
• People with certain knowledge and skills. Since we are building a canopy in the country with our own hands, hiring outside workers is excluded. However, in some cases, it will not be superfluous to consult a knowledgeable person, who may be a good friend or relative.

After all the design and supply issues have been resolved, it remains only to build a canopy in the country with your own hands. The most common option - a metal canopy - is built according to the following scheme:

• Marking the site, determining the location of the racks.
• At the marked points, wells are dug to a depth of about 60 cm. A small layer of gravel is poured onto the bottom to drain soil water.
• Metal racks are immersed in the wells. It is recommended to weld steel pads on their ends, which increase the adhesion strength and stability.
• Racks are carefully aligned vertically and fixed in the correct position. To do this, you can use stretch marks that are attached to the ground with pegs, or install a temporary harness that fixes all the racks in the desired position.
• The wells are filled with concrete and kept until completely solidified.
• Assembly and installation of roof trusses. These actions can be performed both on the ground and directly at the installation site. On the ground it is more convenient, but you will have to lift rather heavy trusses up. In place it is more difficult, but only individual parts will need to be lifted, which is much easier.
• The last item will be the installation of a coating from the selected material - polycarbonate, profiled sheet, slate or fabric.

Safety requirements should be observed when performing work, since some actions will have to be performed at a height, albeit not too high.
It is not difficult to build a garden canopy with your own hands, even an unprepared person can handle it. The result is a convenient and comfortable place to relax in the country in the company of relatives and friends. Simplicity of design, installation work or maintenance of the structure are essential advantages of sheds in a summer cottage, and the ability to gradually supplement their configuration makes such structures very promising in operational terms.

Video about the construction of a canopy for a summer residence

First, let's figure out what a canopy is and how it differs from a gazebo and an awning? This is a building that, at the time of bad weather, has long been built to hide people, animals, things. Distributed everywhere. Canopies for summer cottages are easy to build from improvised materials with your own hands.

Benefits of awnings

• The design is lightweight and easy to install.
• The structure is solid, but not as fundamental as a gazebo or building.
• A stationary roof, unlike an awning, is more durable. Will serve the owners for many years.
• Much cheaper than other similar structures, but it performs the function of weather protection perfectly.

As for the shortcomings, you can name only one. This building is open to all winds, it is well blown. This must be remembered during construction and make sure that your creation stands firmly on the ground, is especially durable, and can withstand any weather conditions. This condition is easy to fulfill, of course, you can handle it by deciding to build a canopy in the country.
In the beginning, we determine the type of construction and the necessary materials.

Types of canopies

• As a continuation of the roof, attached canopies are built - visors. On one side of such a structure there is a wall (part of the house), the other sides are open.
  Used to cover the porch, stacked firewood, verandas, barbecues.
• Free-standing structures are the second type of such structures. In the village, at the dacha, wells, summer kitchens are covered with an "umbrella", in the city limits - transport stops, car parking, cafe areas, sports facilities, bus stations, counters in bazaars. At the dacha, near such sheds, a green fence is planted. The result is a wonderful garden gazebo.
  The universal building protects the population from the scorching sun, heavy rain, unpleasant wind, and snowfall.

The roofs of the buildings are also different - straight or sloping.

• Direct. The easiest option is direct coating. Used for parking.
• Inclined. There are single and double slopes. Due to the fact that the roof has an angle of inclination, water flows down from the roof in a timely manner.
• Complex. Sometimes in design projects non-standard, unusual, original forms are chosen. For example, with a semi-arch. It will also be easy to make such a canopy with your own hands.

Materials for suspended structures

Structures of this type are built from available materials that are sold everywhere.

• For the frame, wood or metal is used, or the wooden parts of the building are combined with metal ones.
• Plastic pipes as a basis are used more and more often recently.
• For the roof, choose, at will, a coating from the list:
  • metal tile;
  • modern polymeric material - monolithic polycarbonate, fiberglass, other durable coating;
  • corrugated board;
  • slate;
  • special fabrics intended for awnings;
  • durable glass, plexiglass;
  • durable polyethylene.

Preliminary work before construction

1. We think over the scheme of the canopy, draw a drawing.
2. We choose a place for the extension, clean and level it, make markings for the supports.
3. To protect wood from mold and rot, we treat wood parts with an antiseptic. With a finished composition or, for example, paint with a primer, and then with paint.
4. We will prepare the supports for the structure. We take 5 bars of wood (90x90 mm). Since the roof is planned to be sloping, the bars intended for the front supports should be 40-50 cm less than the height measured on the wall of the house. We prepare rafters and blanks for the crate.
5. We fix the vertical distance on the building with a horizontal bar (2.4 meters).

We build a wooden canopy with a polycarbonate roof with our own hands according to the instructions

1. We drill holes for installing a vertical beam. If there is no drill, we simply dig holes 0.5 meters deep.
2. Pour sand, crushed stone (10 cm) into the holes to create a pillow. Then we insert the supports strictly perpendicularly, checking the correct installation with a plumb line and level.
3. Fill the holes with concrete.
4. We connect the horizontal bar and the corners of the support to each other.
5. We mount the rafters on horizontally attached rails and the crate of the structure.
6. We connect two sheets of polycarbonate (1000x3000 mm) 8 mm thick to get the planned roof size (2000x3000). We suggest using the HP profile for this. In order not to crack the plastic during operation, take self-tapping screws with rubber washers.
7. We mount the roof on the crate. Due to the difficulty of access to the top with large plates, it is possible to do preliminary work at the bottom, and then lift it up, say, with an electric hoist and fix it.
8. The canopy for the dacha is ready. It turned out to be a kind of visor, a continuation of the roof of the house.

Polycarbonate is a translucent, lightweight and durable plastic. A canopy for a summer residence with a plastic roof protects well from rain and snow. It does not deform, although it is easier to bend the required shape from it than from another material. A modern polycarbonate roof will serve you for many years.

We mount a free-standing canopy with a corrugated roof

Roofing from profiled corrugated sheet is used in most cases for car parking in summer cottages. Mounted on metal racks.
Holes for racks are drilled deeper - up to 1 meter deep.
The main parts of the structure are welded - you will need a welding machine. Side trusses, battens are prepared in advance, and then everything is connected into a single frame.
The roof is attached to the crate.

Canopies with fabric covering

Its advantage is the variety of colors and shades, fabric patterns. A fabric awning can become a work of art. It is chosen in cases of manufacturing exotic author's canopies. A roof made of material will decorate your summer cottage, please the eye. Most often used for summer cottages.
A feature of this design is that the fabric, in any case, is a short-lived material. During autumn bad weather, winter snowfalls, during the non-resort period, it can become unusable, tear. Therefore, the fabric covering from such structures is removed for the autumn-winter period and put on in the spring, before the next summer season.
Such a canopy is built in the same way as the previous options.

The simplest do-it-yourself canopy from the simplest materials

If it was necessary to urgently build a hinged structure for giving with your own hands, you can do this in a very simple way.
To build a canopy, take

• 2 five-meter PVC pipes (vinyl);
• 2 pieces of dense polyethylene (shower curtains are suitable);
• braid, strong threads.

Build a canopy according to the instructions:

1. Sew the curtains into one large canvas.
2. From the braid, make 40 loops that will hold the awning (cut off 40 suitable pieces).
3. Sew the loops to the polyethylene.
4. Put loops on the pipes.

Then decide on the installation site of the structure. Mark with pegs on the ground the points where you will insert the awning pipes. Set up your structure by deepening the PVC pipes into the ground. Your canopy is ready! Fantasy will tell you the colors of the curtains - and the awning will come out wonderful.
Modern materials suggest us other constructive solutions. Take plastic pipes and use clamps (also PVC) to assemble a rectangular frame (after drawing its diagram). Attach a thick cloth or polyethylene on top. You will get a wonderful carport.
In the same way, you can make a universal structure from thin plastic pipes and durable polyethylene. These pipes bend easily. Experiment with arched shapes. You will get a folding portable hinged structure.
Put a little work and patience - as a result, you will have such a necessary canopy in the country.

With the help of awnings, you can protect your house from rain, snow and sun, expand your living space, shelter a car or other equipment from rain. With many functions that this extension performs, building a canopy with your own hands is more than a doable task even for a beginner!

Canopy structures - from extension to construction!

Canopy - a common name for a very large number of different outbuildings and independent buildings. The designs of canopies are very different - single-sided and double-sided, straight and multifaceted. And the classification according to the location of the structures is even more:

• attached canopies are erected close to the wall of a house or other building, above the entrance or above an open balcony, veranda. Such structures are easy to perform after the construction of the house; initially they are not included in the building plan;
• built-in structures are part of the architectural ensemble, they are provided at the design stage of the building. Such canopies are most often built over a barbecue area, making it, as it were, an extension of the house;
• free-standing canopies are erected away from buildings. Most often, these are built for lack of a garage, or for short-term storage of any materials. Free-standing structures are also popular in wide open areas, where they are equipped for people to relax, as an alternative to gazebos.

For canopies, a variety of materials are used, both to create the supporting structure itself and for the roof. Traditionally, this is wood, polycarbonate, corrugated board, metal profile, reed. “Live” canopies look very original, the roof of which is completely overgrown with lianas, for example, girlish grapes. The easiest way to do it, the bars can also be replaced with metal pipes.

Building a canopy with your own hands - where to start?

Consider the option of erecting a free-standing canopy with your own hands, without the involvement of specialists and assistants. To implement a 6 * 3 m canopy project, at the first stage you will need:

• six profile pipes 100*100*4000 mm;
• 13 boards 50*150*6000 mm;
• 15 boards 30*150*6000 mm;
• 2-3 bags of cement;
• 0.2 m 3 crushed stone;
• 0.2 m 3 sand;
• Bulgarian;
• concrete mixer or container for manual mixing of concrete.

Try to make a purchase immediately before starting work, since for convenience it is best to store all materials directly at the construction site. After the purchase, we make markings for the supports, we need to create a rectangle, the sides of which are 3 and 6 m. On the six-meter sides, we will place three supports, for which we need to dig holes, making them deeper than the soil freezing layer.

The upper ends of the supports must first be prepared for attaching the beams. This is not difficult to do, but you will need a grinder. We cut the ends with a tool at the corners by 100 mm and bend inward two opposite sides, forming a place for landing the beam. In the standing sides, we make two holes for the bolts, with which the beams will be securely fixed.

In the prepared pits at the bottom, we pour a little rubble, install racks and fix them with stretch marks. We expose the turn of the profiles along a six-meter board, which must be attached to the two extreme racks. On the same board, you can set the middle support. To align the top ends of the posts, measure two meters from the top ends and make appropriate marks. Having pulled the twine between the extreme racks, using a liquid level, which must be applied to the horizontally stretched twine, we check the correct location of the supports.

When you're done with one side, move on to the next. You need to do everything according to the same algorithm, the only difference between the sides is in the different heights of the supports. One of the sides should be 30-50 cm higher for water flow. When the racks are installed and fixed, proceed to the preparation of the mortar - for 1 part of cement you need 3 parts of sand and 4 parts of crushed stone. The finished solution is poured into the pits with exposed supports. After letting it harden a little, you should fix the upper ends by placing the boards on the prepared places.

It is advisable to wait until the concrete has gained sufficient rigidity, this can take from two weeks to a month.

Do not forget to water it in hot weather, and if frost is approaching, cover the supports at the base with a good layer of soil. It is best to wait for the period necessary for complete solidification, but if necessary, you can proceed to the final stage in a few days.

How to make a canopy - proceed to the rafters and roofing!

When the concrete has hardened properly, it's time to start rafters and roofing. You will need materials and tools such as:

• metal tile or polycarbonate or other type of roof - 18 m 2;
• self-tapping screws for metal tiles (160 pcs) or fasteners for a different type of roof;
• 0.5 kg of nails (120 mm);
• 10 bolts with nuts (diameter - 10 mm, length - 150 mm);
• fasteners for gutters (20 pcs);
• drain gutters - 6 meters.

How to make a canopy - step by step diagram

Step 1: Installing Beams Between Uprights

A bar can be installed as beams, but after some time longitudinal cracks may appear in it, which worsens the rigidity of this material. Therefore, it is recommended to use two boards 50 * 150 * 6000 mm, which are bolted together.

Step 2: Installing the rafters and battens

On beams at a distance of 75 cm from each other, transverse boards are fixed with an edge. Across these boards along the edges and in the middle we lay boards with a smaller section, for the stability of the vertical position. The boards should be fixed to the beams with ordinary nails, since self-tapping screws break from vibration, because they are subjected to heat during production. After fixing the boards, we install the remaining "thirty", to which we will then screw the metal tile. The distance between the boards must be equal to or less than the width of the wave of the roofing material.

Step 3: Roofing

When installing a metal tile, first you need to fix the bottom sheets, and then the top ones. If there are surpluses, it is better to cut them off with a grinder or metal shears. For there are special fasteners.

Step 4: Weir

When the roof is ready, it's time to start installing the drain gutters. We measure the desired length, cut off the excess with a grinder, and, distributing evenly along the entire length of the canopy, fasten them with self-tapping screws. When all the fasteners are installed, it's time to lay the gutters in them. You can study the same scheme before making a canopy over the garage - this task will differ only in the absence of two racks, which will be replaced by the garage wall. Under such a visor, not only a person, but also a car can easily hide from rain or other precipitation.

Important nuances - what should not be forgotten!

You already know how to make a canopy, it remains to figure out how to extend its life. To do this, treat both metal and wooden elements with protective compounds before installation. In the case of metal pipes, these are anti-corrosion primers, and it is important to treat wooden elements with anti-fungal and water-repellent primers. They are both colorless and tinted, therefore, in addition to the protective function, they will also give the canopy an external appeal.

Having made a canopy, do not forget to pay attention to the floor. There are many options - from a concrete screed to a cushion of gravel or crushed stone. If a canopy is built at the house, then a wooden flooring would be the best option. Several outlets and good lighting will not interfere under the canopy. In order not to spend money on extra building materials, plant climbing plants around the canopy, for example, parthenocissus, which can curl a huge area in one season. This is both beautiful and practical, because thanks to the vines you will get good protection from the wind.