How to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands. How to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands from polycarbonate, video tips

The construction of a winter greenhouse on a personal plot is a certain milestone in the practice of a gardener, when knowledge and experience in growing a variety of crops allow you to harvest not only in the summer season. However, you need to understand that the construction of a winter greenhouse is an event that requires knowledge, skills in work, careful preparation of materials and a place for the future building. Therefore, it will not be superfluous to get acquainted with some options for winter greenhouse projects and useful tips from experts that make this difficult, but very exciting activity as easy as possible.

Decide on the type of building

To date, there are so many diverse options for the construction of winter greenhouses that in order to carefully describe the features and advantages of each of them, it would be necessary to write a multi-volume essay. Therefore, to make it easier for an ordinary person to understand the features of the construction of winter greenhouses, we note the most important differences between the main types of these structures.

The classic version of the construction of winter greenhouses has the following difference parameters.

Functional Features

In winter-type greenhouses, a large number of a wide variety of crops are grown. It can be not only traditional vegetables, fruits, flowers and mushrooms. It will be quite interesting to harvest exotic fruits and citrus crops in winter. It is on what is planned to be grown in the greenhouse that the sequence in the construction and arrangement of the internal space of the greenhouse will depend.

Building location

The construction of winter heated greenhouses is divided into three types: built into the soil, built according to the ground level, mounted on specially equipped hills (for example, the roof of a garage or a barn).

Choice of building materials

Depending on the type of building materials used. All winter greenhouses can be divided into several groups:

• built of brick;
• built from wood;
• mounted from a metal or PVC profile;
• glazed or sheathed with polycarbonate;
• combined options.

Features of planting

The construction of a winter greenhouse should take place in such a place that the future building is under direct sunlight for most of the day. After all, they are so necessary for the normal growth and development of plants. Also, a good location for the construction of a greenhouse will help save a fairly large amount of money that would have to be spent on additional lighting. The best location for building a greenhouse is from west to east. It is this approach that allows us to make the most of the beneficial properties of such a meager in the bright light of the winter sun.

Advice ! It is not necessary to place future greenhouses in lowlands with a sufficiently high level of groundwater. In such greenhouses, as a rule, a high level of humidity is kept, which can be detrimental to a large number of plants.

Choose the type of heating

Properly selected and properly installed heating in a winter greenhouse is the key to creating a favorable microclimate for the successful growth and development of plants. Installation of a heating system is a rather time-consuming and complex procedure, so its implementation must be approached with skill.

A fairly large number of ways to heat a winter greenhouse are known. Each has both positive and negative characteristics. When choosing a heating system for your greenhouse, it is imperative to take into account the technological features of a particular building, the climatic conditions of the area in which the greenhouse is located, as well as the amount of money available.

Let us consider in more detail the most common options for heating in greenhouses:

The choice of material for the construction of a winter greenhouse

Materials for covering the greenhouse are selected according to the following criteria:

• individual design features of the winter greenhouse;
• good transmission of sunlight;
• weather resistance;
• the ability to maintain structure and integrity even with frequent temperature changes;
• ease and simplicity of installation;
• low cost;
• duration of operation.

Let us consider in more detail the most common options for the construction of winter greenhouses.

Glass

This material was previously used as the main type of coating for a greenhouse. Glass goes well with wood and metal. Glass surfaces have good light transmission and thermal insulation properties. However, today, glass as a coating for greenhouses is losing its relevance. A large number of more modern, light, resistant to mechanical damage and, most importantly, inexpensive materials have appeared.

Polymer materials

This material is lightweight and has good sunlight transmission. However, polymer panels very quickly lose their original appearance, and in the absence of ventilation inside the room, excess moisture forms on the surface of the greenhouse.

Cellular polycarbonate

This material is the best today for sheathing the construction of a winter greenhouse. He managed to combine the best qualities of glass and film.

We design a greenhouse

After the materials for construction are selected and the dimensions of the structure are indicated, you can begin to develop a project for the future greenhouse. The easiest way to resolve the issue is to use a ready-made plan to adjust it according to personal preferences and construction conditions.

If you decide to draw up a plan for a future greenhouse on your own, you should adhere to a certain algorithm of actions:

• we schematically designate the site plan and determine the location of the future structure;
• calculate the size of the winter greenhouse.
• we develop a scheme for laying engineering communications;
• we separately designate the type and dimensions of the foundation on the plan;
• we calculate the required amount of materials for the construction of the roof of the winter greenhouse;
• we think over ways of fastening all structural elements with each other.

Building a polycarbonate greenhouse

Polycarbonate is the best material for building winter greenhouses.

The list of advantages is quite wide:

• provides good transmission and scattering of sunlight;
• has a high rate of heat preservation indoors;
• the lightness, flexibility and strength of the material makes it possible to build a greenhouse very quickly, which can perform its main functions for a long time.

It is quite possible to build a winter polycarbonate greenhouse with your own hands. The location of the future building is determined in accordance with the basic rules for arranging greenhouses.

Laying the foundation

In order to lay the foundation for a future greenhouse, you can use a wide variety of building materials: timber, stone, brick. As practice shows, for winter greenhouses the best type of foundation is tape.

The sequence of work laying the foundation:

1. It is necessary to designate on the ground the parameters of the future construction.
2. Dig a trench according to the markings. The depth of the ditch should not exceed 50 cm, and the width -20 cm.
3. On the side walls of the trench, formwork made of wooden panels is mounted.
4. The bottom of the trench is lined with sand, the layer of which does not exceed 30 cm.
5. The prepared concrete mix is ​​being poured.

Advice ! To strengthen the structure, it is necessary to reinforce the concrete screed.

We are building a frame

After the foundation is completely frozen, the frame construction phase begins.

Along the perimeter of the foundation, profiles are vertically fastened, which, to reinforce the structure, are connected by stiffening ribs.

The finished frame of the winter greenhouse is sheathed with polycarbonate sheets. They are very easy to cut with a saw or a jigsaw. The panels are attached to the profile with self-tapping screws.

Important ! In order not to violate the thermal insulation and tightness of the structure, all joints and joints of materials must be treated with perforated self-adhesive tape.

To create a healthy microclimate inside the greenhouse and prevent condensation, do not forget about the arrangement of vents, windows and doors.

Conclusion

Building a winter greenhouse with your own hands is a difficult task, but quite real for someone who approaches the matter responsibly and seriously. It is enough to make some efforts and spend a certain amount of time so that fresh vegetables and fruits are on your table all year round.

How to build a stove for heating a winter greenhouse, we will learn in the next video

Winter greenhouse - real, practical, efficient, useful. This type of construction allows you to grow flowers, berries, vegetables, greens all year round, which enriches the table with environmentally friendly, healthy products. But in order to realize the idea, you need to carefully think over the project, choose materials, decide how to keep warm, heat the greenhouse in winter, than illuminate the plants for their full development and growth.

In the article, we will analyze the features of year-round buildings, give detailed instructions on how to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands, and show you how to properly organize lighting and heating.

Design features of the winter greenhouse

There are several options for winter greenhouses, in order to make the best decision on choosing a design for your own site, you need to study the features of the structures.

Functional

Winter greenhouses differ in functionality:

• structures for growing traditional garden crops;
• greenhouses for exotic fruits and plants;
• facilities for growing flowers, mushrooms, etc.

Each agricultural crop requires its own microclimate, the degree of illumination of the space, therefore, before making a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to decide what exactly will be grown in it.

Winter greenhouse with partially blank walls

Architecture

From many years of practice and feedback from gardeners, it is obvious that the most common types of winter greenhouses are:

• arched - oval and asymmetric;
• rectangular under a single-gable, arched roof;
• combined buildings - rectangular / arched on a high plinth.

Adjoining winter greenhouse - economical, practical for setting up a winter garden and growing greenery

It can be:

• stand-alone structures;
• rooms adjacent to the main building: a house, a garage, a bathhouse, the wall structure receives additional heat from a common wall, which saves on heating.
• constructions-thermoses deepened into the ground.

A photo example of how to make a do-it-yourself winter greenhouse made of polycarbonate, deepened by a third of the frame

If you are building a winter thermos greenhouse with your own hands, then you need to know that its deepening depends on the climatic conditions of the region:

• For areas with a temperate climate, the building can be deepened by 1/3 or to the level of soil freezing, only from 1 or 2-3 sides, an earth embankment can be made, and part of the structure can be sheathed with translucent material.
• For areas with a difficult climate, especially for Siberia, it is better to deepen the winter greenhouse by 2 levels of soil freezing, make a shed roof of translucent material to ensure sunlight enters the building.

The level of soil freezing, the table is useful in the construction of an underground winter greenhouse

materials

The frame of a winter greenhouse is traditionally made of wood or metal. One or more walls of the building can be deaf, built of timber, logs, tree trunks, brick, stone. Often in winter greenhouses, the lower part is made deaf by 1/3-1/2 along the height of the structure, the upper part is completed from translucent materials.

The most common type of winter greenhouses are buildings on a high plinth. It is recommended to raise the foundation by 100-500 mm above ground level, which helps to significantly retain heat inside the building during the cold season.

For sheathing winter buildings, a durable film, glass, polycarbonate with a thickness of 4-12 mm, and sometimes 32 mm, is used, which is preferable to other covering materials. It is stronger than glass and film coatings, withstands significant physical and mechanical loads, transmits light well, and is not afraid of significant temperature deltas. Winter film greenhouses are impractical, wear out quickly, and it is difficult to heat them.

Good to know: The film is often used to insulate winter greenhouses. It is pulled indoors with a second layer, the resulting air gap helps to retain heat.

Watch a video that will tell you how to arrange a thermos frame for a winter greenhouse.

How to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands - the main stages of construction

Seasonal buildings for growing crops in closed ground are recommended to be deployed along the length from east to west, winter greenhouses - from north to south with a skate, if it is a shed or asymmetric structure, then the slope is to the south.

Foundation

Winter greenhouses are built on the foundation. A tape type base is preferable. If the relief of the site is uneven, then a columnar or pile foundation with a grillage is arranged. The foundation must be well waterproofed, make thermal insulation:

• slabs of expanded polystyrene, polystyrene;
• ppu spraying.

If it is decided to convert a seasonal building into a winter one, then it can be bricked around the perimeter, wooden, plastic shields can be arranged, and the resulting layer can be filled with insulation.

Strip foundation from bottles - economically and simply

frame

The frame of the winter greenhouse must be reinforced:

• In arched metal structures - double arcs, additional transverse parts, it is also possible to initially make a base from more durable profile pipes, material 40 * 20-40 mm, 60 * 20-40 mm is suitable, the wall thickness of the profile is 2-3 mm, the choice is determined the amount of snowfall in the region;
• For wooden winter greenhouses, it is recommended to use a beam of 100-150 * 100-150 mm, vertical supports should be located 1.5-2 m apart, the rafter system is made of a board of 40 * 100-150 mm, as recommended by the regulatory rules for outbuildings.

Double ribs reinforce the frame and help organize the inner layer of thermal insulation

Projects

Having decided on the type, shape, functionality, materials, you can begin to design a winter greenhouse. It’s easier to take a ready-made serial project and remake it under your own conditions. An independent drawing is performed according to the following algorithm:

• Draw a site plan, determine the location of the winter greenhouse, taking into account the wind rose and the location on the cardinal points.
• Set the dimensions of the winter building, ergonomically, if the width is 2.8-3 m, the height without a roof is 1.9-2.2 m, it is better to make the length a multiple of the dimensions of the carbonate sheet: 2.3, 4.6.8, 12 m and etc. It is not rational to make large winter greenhouses, as this will entail huge costs for lighting and heating.
• Develop a scheme of engineering communications: light, watering, heating.
• Draw in detail the key elements: foundation - type, depth, dimensions, frame - vertical racks, lower and upper strapping, reinforcement cross-section, truss system. It is important to think over the fastening of parts and how the roof will join the frame.

Heated winter greenhouse, projects of a furnace heating system with pipes into which hot water is supplied

Good to know: In winter greenhouses, it is advisable to arrange a vestibule; an additional room in front of the entrance to the room will protect the plants from frost and drafts.

Look at practical tips with comments on how to make an insulated winter greenhouse with your own hands, the video tells in detail what you should pay attention to during construction and heating.

How to make a winter greenhouse with your own hands - video and step-by-step instructions with photos

Ground buildings are most in demand among gardeners, so we will further consider how a do-it-yourself winter greenhouse is built from polycarbonate on a wooden frame.

We mark the site, dig a trench along the perimeter, 500 mm wide, 800 mm deep. We fill the bottom with crushed stone and sandstone, 200 mm each, ram, level. We mount the reinforcing frame of the strip foundation: 2 horizontal reinforcing belts, 2 rods in each, corrugated reinforcement 8-12 mm, distance 200 mm. We fasten with vertical rods, fix the intersections with a knitting wire. At the corners, we bend the reinforcement to the perpendicular side with an inclination of 200-500 mm. We install the formwork, it should rise above ground level by 200-500 mm, the distance between the panels is 300 mm, we check the geometry, strengthen it with a coupler, slopes. We pour concrete, bayonet. When the solution has set, we insert the corners on the anchors to fix the vertical bars of the frame, leave for a month.

How to make a foundation for a winter greenhouse

We remove the formwork, glue the vertical walls of the base with 2 layers of roofing material. We wrap the foam plastic plates hermetically with polyethylene, heat-insulate the perimeter of the foundation, and fasten the insulation to the mushroom dowel. From above we lay 2 more layers of roofing material, we do backfilling of the soil. We lay horizontal waterproofing.

Advice: If necessary, we complete the plinth of brick, stone, timber to the desired height.

We insert vertical racks into the concreted corners, fasten them with bolts, make the upper and lower trim around the perimeter. For the strength of the rack, we fix it with transverse or diagonal elements, we fasten it to galvanized, reinforced corners. From the end we make an entrance opening, 800-900 mm wide, to which we attach a door leaf frame made of a 50 * 50 mm beam to the hinges.

The scheme of how to make doors and windows

We make roof trusses on the ground, the quantity is determined by the length of the winter structure: 2 end and every meter. How to make a farm, see the photo below.

simple wooden trusses

We raise the trusses to the frame, fasten the structure to the skid, check the geometry, tighten it with a skate.

How to make a wooden truss system

We sheathe the frame with polycarbonate sheets, it is better to overlap the joints by 100 mm, fasten them with thermal washers, after 200-400 mm. The ends are closed with a sealed perforated tape. For connection, you can use a docking profile, but this will increase the cost of a winter greenhouse.

Watch the story of how a do-it-yourself winter polycarbonate greenhouse is made; the video tells how to insulate the structure, conduct heating, water supply, lighting, and make shelving.

Greenhouse lighting in winter

Depending on the crop, the total illumination of the winter greenhouse, together with natural sunlight, should be 14-18 hours. Artificial light should completely duplicate the spectrum of sunlight, so you should choose different types of lamps:

• incandescent;
• luminescent;
• ultraviolet;
• mercury;
• LED;
• sodium.

The minimum allowable light level in a winter greenhouse is 7 kLk, but 12 kLk is recommended. The calculation of lighting intensity depends on the crop.

Illumination is necessary for the full development of plants.

To illuminate 1 plant, it is permissible to use a 30 W lamp, hanging it at a height of 300 mm from the first sheet. To illuminate a group of plants, it is better to use 50W lamps, a distance of 600 mm or 100W lamps, if necessary, organize a large area of ​​illumination. Lamps of 250 W and more powerful are placed no closer than 1000-2000 mm from plants - this is optimal for winter greenhouses.

The video below provides an overview, the story will help you choose lighting for the winter greenhouse.

Do-it-yourself winter greenhouse - types of heating

Today, there are several ways to heat a greenhouse in winter:

• sunny;
• biological - a biolayer is laid under fertile soil, for example, horse manure, decomposing under the influence of air, the material produces heat and carbon dioxide;
• electrical - heaters, convectors, cable heating, water systems, infrared lamps, heat pumps;
• air - professional heating system, installed on load-bearing structural elements or on the foundation;
• gas - various devices powered by gas cylinders;
• oven - you can use different energy sources: coal, firewood, buleryan, etc.

Watch the video instruction on how to organize water heating of the greenhouse in winter with your own hands.

See how to make polycarbonate greenhouse heating in winter, the video shows rational stove heating.

Cable heating is installed before the fertile layer of soil is introduced into the winter greenhouse. The site is cleared, sprinkled with a layer of sandstone 50 mm, a reinforcing mesh is laid on top, a cable is installed on it with a snake. From above, the heating system is covered with sand, a layer of 50 mm, with a grid, connected to the power supply, then beds can be organized.

How to organize cable heating

The video below shows how to organize the combined heating of a winter greenhouse, cable and electric.

Further in the article, we will talk about how to heat and heat a polycarbonate greenhouse in winter, spring and autumn, how to make a winter one with heating, which heater is better (furnaces and infrared heating) and other heating nuances.

Year-round polycarbonate greenhouses

Polycarbonate panels- one of the best materials for creating greenhouses, including year-round ones. This material is strong enough and is not subject to the destructive influence of the external environment (for example, temperature changes, high humidity).

At the same time, it is very convenient to work with such material - it is mounted on the greenhouse frame using self-tapping screws, it bends well.

The most important advantage of such greenhouses- this is an opportunity to use it all year round, to grow plants all the time and get fruits. It can be both a variety of greens and other vegetables.

Having installed all the necessary systems, you can create inside any necessary temperature conditions. In addition, such a greenhouse does not need to be cleaned after each season.

What should be the greenhouse?

All greenhouses have a similar principle of operation. Winter greenhouses have some features that must be observed during construction.

Winter polycarbonate greenhouse - stationary building and requires the creation of a high-quality foundation and a solid frame.

A prerequisite for creating a year-round greenhouse is a capital foundation. A wooden foundation will not work, because it needs to be changed periodically.

The best option- this is a foundation made of concrete, brick or block. The strip foundation is created along the perimeter of the structure, it is quite simple to install and at the same time relatively inexpensive.

The second important point is the frame of the greenhouse. Winter use involves occasional snowfalls. The accumulation of snow on the roof leads to very strong loads on the frame, which can lead to the destruction of the entire structure. The frame can be made from wood or metal.

Both materials are subject to destruction and will require preliminary preparation, and in the future - prevention and periodic replacement of unusable elements.

Preparation for construction

On the net you can find a lot of ready-made solutions for the construction of greenhouses and adapt them to your needs. You can also create your own drawing based on your needs and wishes.

Exist special programs to create drawings. They allow you to see the finished layout of the future structure.

In any case, when creating a greenhouse with your own hands, you need to pay attention to several factors.

First of all, you need to choose a place for further construction. You need to choose based on three main factors:

1. illumination. The greenhouse should receive the maximum possible amount of solar energy.

To get the maximum amount of sunlight, the greenhouse can be placed along the length from west to east.

2. wind conditions. Strong and gusty winds are not only a risk of collapse of the structure, but also large heat losses. Therefore, wind protection is necessary. For example, you can place a greenhouse next to the wall of the house or plant low perennial plants at a distance of 5-10 meters.
3. Convenience. Access to the heifer should be wide enough and convenient, which will greatly facilitate the maintenance of the building.

Then you need choose the shape of the roof future building. Most often it is a gable or arched roof.

The shape of the roof must counteract the accumulation of snow during the cold season. A gable roof is the easiest to install.

Also important is frame material. The strongest and most durable material is metal.

But it is important to remember that the creation of a metal frame will require welding for the construction of the structure. On the other hand, the tree does not require special tools or skills, it is very affordable.

And if you additionally open it with several layers of paintwork, then it can last for many years. By slightly strengthening the structure, you can achieve high strength and stability.

It is also worth mentioning choice of polycarbonate. What is the required thickness of polycarbonate for a winter greenhouse? If a fairly thin sheet (6-8 mm) is suitable for an ordinary greenhouse, then panels with a thickness of at least 8-10 mm are needed for winter greenhouses. Otherwise, there is a risk that the panels will not withstand the load, and the heat will be poorly stored inside the building.

One of the key features of winter greenhouses is the presence of a heating system. What heating of polycarbonate greenhouses to choose in winter? How to make heating in a polycarbonate greenhouse in winter with your own hands? How to heat and insulate a polycarbonate greenhouse for the winter with your own hands using stove heating?

Heating with electrical appliances, such as infrared heaters, is becoming increasingly popular. How to heat a polycarbonate greenhouse with infrared heaters?

Installing such a system is very simple - you just need to conduct an electrical network to the greenhouse and connect an electrical appliance. You will need to spend money on the heater itself and electricity.

Infrared heaters for polycarbonate greenhouses are installed on the ceiling and are able to provide the air temperature inside up to 21 degrees Celsius, and the soil temperature - up to 28 degrees.

An alternative to it is the old and traditional stove heating method.

It is much cheaper and easier to install. However, its disadvantage is the strong heating of the walls, it will not be possible to grow plants near it.

Finally, the foundation of the entire building must be made capital and stable, because the strength of the entire structure depends on it. Its creation does not require any complex steps and can be done by anyone.

Construction work must be carried out in dry weather with positive temperatures.

Instruction

How to build a winter polycarbonate greenhouse with your own hands?

1. Building a foundation.

For a stationary greenhouse, it will be optimal strip foundation. To install it, you need to dig a trench about 30-40 cm deep along the perimeter of the future building. A small layer of gravel and small stone (5-10 cm thick) is poured into the bottom. Then the entire trench is filled with a layer of concrete.

When creating a mortar, a mixture of one part of cement and three parts of sand will provide the best quality.

After the solution has solidified, proceed with the installation of the next layer. A layer of waterproofing is laid out on the foundation layer (roofing material is suitable). Then the base of the greenhouse is formed. A wall of small height is laid out from a brick. Enough wall thickness in one brick. For construction, not only new, but also previously used bricks are suitable.

After creating the base and completely solidifying the solution, you can proceed to the installation of the frame.

2. Frame installation.

The simplest and most affordable option creating a frame is a frame made of wood. For its installation does not require special knowledge or skills, as well as welding. It is important to pre-prepare the wooden elements before installation.

First you need to clean the elements of dirt and adhering soil with a brush, then sand with fine sandpaper. Then rinse with running water and let dry completely.

After that, you can proceed to the application of paint and varnish coatings. The paint is best suited for outdoor use, resistant to high humidity and different temperature conditions. After the paint has dried, you can apply a couple of layers of varnish on top.

A good way to protect wood is to impregnate it with epoxy before applying paints and varnishes.

Now a beam with a section of 100x100 mm is installed along the perimeter of the foundation. To create a roof, you can use a beam with a section of 50x50 mm. When building a roof, it is necessary to prevent areas without support more than 1 meter. Also, several supports should be placed along the ridge to further strengthen the structure.

For maximum strength, you can also create a harness from the boards.

Elements are fastened with self-tapping screws and metal tape.

You can add a small vestibule at the entrance to the greenhouse. This will reduce heat loss at the entrance and exit to the greenhouse.

3. Installation of communications.

The next step is related to installation of a heating system, lighting and other necessary communications.

Lamps are installed along the ridge of the roof, sufficient to illuminate the entire room. For convenience, all switches are best placed near the entrance.

When installing stove heating a chimney is installed. It is important to remember that during the operation of the furnace, the chimney pipes become very hot and can melt the polycarbonate panels.



4. Installation of polycarbonate panels.

The final stage of creating a winter greenhouse- This is the installation of polycarbonate sheets. The sheets are fastened together using an H-shaped profile. From the ends, a U-shaped profile is mounted on the panel. The sheets themselves are installed vertically, then moisture flows better over them.

Shouldn't be fixed sheets are too rigid. Polycarbonate expands when heated, and mounting too hard can cause cracks.

Polycarbonate fastened with self-tapping screws with sealant. The seal prevents moisture from penetrating through the holes. Before installation, holes are made on the sheets with a diameter slightly larger than the self-tapping screw. A special sealing tape is laid between the frame and the panels.

After that, the greenhouse ready for use.

Creating a winter greenhouse is somewhat more difficult than usual, but everyone can do it and does not require special skills.

In addition, the creation of such a greenhouse does not require serious financial investments. And the result in the form of fresh products throughout the year is worth the effort.

Useful video

Here you can watch informative videos about winter greenhouses, about heating for a polycarbonate greenhouse.

Tips for building a heated polycarbonate greenhouse with your own hands.

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Do you think that in our time, when there are any vegetables and fruits in stores all year round, the greenhouse is a relic of the past?

It means that you have never tried truly fresh, organic vegetables filled with the warmth of kind hardworking hands.

A winter greenhouse is a simple but very useful facility that will allow you to enjoy fresh sources of vitamins all year round.

Distinctive qualities of a winter greenhouse

The winter greenhouse is a more durable and reliable structure, in comparison with. Mandatory elements of it are the foundation and the presence of heating.

The type of foundation depends on the type of greenhouse. For a wooden frame, a simple screed may be enough. For a capital brick building, you will have to build a monolithic base.

The roof of the greenhouse should have a streamlined shape so that a large amount of snow does not linger on it.

If you plan to grow several types of plants in one building, then the right solution would be to provide internal partitions.

Building options

Today, there are many different options for building winter greenhouses with your own hands. Which is better to choose - is determined by a number of factors.

Functionality

In winter greenhouses, you can grow not only the usual vegetable crops, but also flowers, mushrooms, and even exotic trees.

The construction process and the internal arrangement of the future greenhouse directly depends on what crops you intend it for.

Location relative to ground level

The greenhouse can be deepened into the ground, it can be located on the surface of the soil, and in the third option - these are greenhouses located on existing buildings: garages, verandas, sheds, etc.

By architectural design

Greenhouses can be: arched, horizontal, one-two- or three-pitched, as well as combined, wall-mounted, etc. It all depends on the imagination and material capabilities of the master.

By type of building materials

These can be buildings made of brick or wood, with a frame made of metal or PVC materials. They can be glazed or covered with polycarbonate.

By type of heating

Types of heating in a winter greenhouse can be very diverse:

• furnace;
• gas;
• water;
• electric heating.

In the photo, water heating in a do-it-yourself winter greenhouse

Planting method

Plants can be planted in ordinary beds or in containers, which are usually placed on special racks.

Site selection and preparation for construction

It is necessary to arrange the greenhouse in such a way that as much sunlight as possible penetrates through its cover and provides sufficient illumination to the plants.

In this case, it becomes possible to save money by avoiding the need to install additional lighting.

The orientation of the building from west to east will allow you to make the most of the meager rays of the winter sun.

It is no secret that cold winds contribute to large heat losses. Therefore, by placing the greenhouse in a place protected from the wind, you can save money spent on heating.

If there is such an opportunity, then a very rational solution would be to place the greenhouse near the wall of the house or some other building. Suitable for this south, southeast or southwest wall.

Do not place the building near trees. Their root system can destroy the foundation, and snow and fruits falling from the branches can harm the coating.

Try not to put the greenhouse in lowlands with high groundwater levels. This can cause too high humidity and damage the plants.

Choose the type of heating

Heating a greenhouse is perhaps the most complex, costly and time-consuming issue. But, because of how correctly the type of heating will be selected, the productivity of the future structure directly depends.

There are many options for arranging heating. Each of them has both its positive aspects and disadvantages.

It is worth choosing the type of heating individually in each case, taking into account a number of individual characteristics: climate zone, financial possibilities, type of plants grown, etc.

1. solar heating is the easiest and cheapest way. However, in buildings intended for growing plants all year round, such heating can only be used as an additional heat source in combination with the main heating.
2. biological heating. This type of heating can also be only additional in winter buildings. Heat is released as a result of the decomposition of biologically active substances, to put it simply - due to the decomposition of manure. When splitting manure, carbon dioxide is also released, which is very necessary for plants, and evaporation occurs, which helps to moisten the soil.
3. Electric heating. This is the most popular and effective heating method. When installing it, you can use various electrical appliances: heaters, convectors, cable heating, infrared heating, heating with a heat pump, water heating. The latter type is also referred to as electric types of heating. Since the heating of water in the system is carried out by means of electricity.
4. air heating. This is a professional type of heating, which is mounted immediately when laying the foundation and load-bearing structures. Warm air is supplied to the middle and upper parts of the greenhouse with the help of heating and ventilation units.
5. Gas heating. Heating occurs by burning gas in gas heaters directly in the greenhouse. This method requires the installation of a ventilation system to avoid oxygen burnout.
6. Stove heating. This is a fairly economical way of heating, which allows you to use various materials as fuel: firewood, coal, gas, etc. Its disadvantage is the strong heating of the furnace walls.

You can find out how it is built in our material. Detailed instructions for the implementation of the project, photo and video materials.

Lavender is often used in landscape design: planting and care, reproduction features and species composition of the plant after studying our article.

The choice of material for tightening the greenhouse

The material for tightening the greenhouse is selected depending on the chosen design.

However, there are general requirements for all materials:

• good light transmission;
• resistance to various kinds of deformations (snow, wind, unforeseen ground shifts);
• ability to endure sharp temperature fluctuations;
• the ability to withstand the load of its own weight;
• ease of operation and installation;
• price;
• duration of service life;

Consider the most common types of coatings.

Glass - a tribute to tradition

This is a traditional material that is ideal for glazing wooden frames or metal corners. Glass should be colorless with a thickness of at least 4 mm.

Glass greenhouse

The advantages of glass include: high light transmission, good thermal insulation properties, long service life.

The disadvantage is that for glazing you will need to build a fairly strong frame. In addition, glass is expensive.

Polymer films

This coating is lightweight, which does not require the construction of bulky structures. They scatter sunlight quite well.

The downside is rapid wear and the formation of condensate inside the room.

Cellular polycarbonate

This is the most modern material that combines all the positive qualities of glass and film, and even surpasses them in some respects.

In the video, a polycarbonate winter greenhouse is the most popular option for do-it-yourself construction.

polycarbonate building

Do-it-yourself polycarbonate winter greenhouses have the following advantages:

• allows for high light transparency and scattering of sunlight, which allows plants to maximize the use of solar energy;
• thermal insulation properties exceed those of glass;
• provides structures with both lightness, flexibility and high strength;
• has a long service life.

It is quite possible to build a winter greenhouse from polycarbonate. The choice of a place for construction is made in accordance with the general rules for greenhouses.

Construction begins with laying the foundation. It can be built from timber, stone, brick or other materials. But the most reliable and durable is the strip foundation.

The main stages of its construction:

• a trench 50 cm deep and 20 cm wide is dug around the perimeter;
• wooden formwork is installed;
• the bottom of the trench is lined with a pillow of sand 30 cm high;
• concrete is poured.

To give strength, concrete can be reinforced.

After 3-4 weeks, when the foundation acquires sufficient strength, you can proceed directly to the construction of the frame.

A frame made of wooden beams is cheaper than a metal one. However, metal is considered more practical.

The metal profile is fastened with self-tapping screws to pre-prepared fasteners on the foundation. Stiffeners are attached.

Polycarbonate panels are attached to the finished frame. Polycarbonate is cut with a conventional saw or jigsaw. Mounting holes are drilled. Fastening is carried out with special self-tapping screws with thermal washers.

The final step will be pasting the joints with perforated self-adhesive tape for additional thermal insulation and sealing.

When building a frame, do not forget about doors and vents.

Be sure to think over the heating, irrigation and lighting system before construction.

As you can see, building a winter greenhouse is not such a difficult thing. It is quite within the power of a person who knows how to hold a drill, a hammer and a saw in his hands, but you still have to work hard.

But after that, your work will be rewarded in full when in winter you will have fresh vegetables and fruits grown by yourself on your table.

Each summer resident strives to grow as many fruit crops, ornamental plants as possible and at the same time achieve an enviable harvest. The most suitable periods for this are spring and summer. However, if you want, some of them can continue to be grown even in the cold winter. To do this, it is enough to think over the heating of the greenhouse in winter and correctly implement it.

Numerous crops can be grown throughout the year, regardless of the geographic location of the region. To do this, it is recommended to build a spacious greenhouse that will be heated in the cold season, creating a very favorable microclimate for plants.

Introductory video review

If you build a greenhouse over a heating main, heating issues will most likely be resolved involuntarily, but in suburban conditions it will not be easy to find such plots of land. The way out of the situation is the arrangement of one of the types of heating:

1. Electric heating
2. air heating
3. Biological heating
4. solar heating
5. Water heating

Electric heating

If we consider options for heating a greenhouse in winter, we can note the predominance of electrical systems. Among the many methods, gardeners usually choose one of the following:

1. Electrical cable
2. Heating mats
3. Convection units
4. Heat pumps
5. Infrared heaters

One of the simplest and most popular methods is heating greenhouses with a convector. It is an installation with spirals inside, through which the air is heated. Air currents are distributed evenly throughout the greenhouse, but the warmest masses accumulate on top. It is recommended to use the convection method in conjunction with the biological methods discussed later, since it is not able to warm the soil on its own.

The use of heating mats or electric cable is a very effective and inexpensive method of heating a greenhouse in winter. Their main advantage is the possibility of laying in those areas that the summer resident needs (outside the greenhouse, between rows, etc.). The option when the heating elements are located directly in the ground is popular. However, if you make a mistake with the temperature, you can overheat the root system of plants.

Despite their effectiveness, heat pumps for heating greenhouses have not received wide distribution. The reason for this is the high cost of installing the necessary equipment. If the greenhouse is small and is being built for personal purposes, you should not expect a return on investment.

A very interesting and popular option for heating greenhouses is the installation of infrared heaters. If you correctly design the system, it will be possible to warm up individual parts of the greenhouse in which plants germinate. Having tried, the entire area can be divided into zones, setting in each of them the temperature suitable for a particular cultivated crop.

Of course, heating a greenhouse in winter has one significant advantage - the possibility of their joint use with temperature sensors. Having made the correct setting, a constant desired air temperature will be maintained inside the greenhouse. The market offers numerous additional equipment designed to normalize the climate inside.

Air heating of greenhouses

Air heating methods are among the most primitive, but they still have not lost their demand. The easiest way to implement it is to lay a pipe through the greenhouse, one end of which will go outside. A fire will have to be kindled under it, the heated air will flow through the pipe into the greenhouse.

Constantly maintaining the temperature in this way will not work, but you can quickly warm the plants in case of severe and unexpected frosts.

Heating units with a fan are among the cheapest and most compact. They allow you to distribute warm air masses throughout the greenhouse as evenly as possible. With their help, summer residents not only heat greenhouses, but also have the opportunity to dry the air in them, recreating a favorable microclimate for planting.

Biological heating

Most of the considered types of greenhouse heating in winter are not able to simultaneously heat the air and the ground. To keep the root system of grown crops warm, it is recommended to resort to biological methods.

Biological heating methods are based on the decomposition of organic matter. This process is always accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide. Horse manure is the most widely used for this purpose.

The advantage of a biological solution to the problem is that it is accompanied by an evaporation process, while simultaneously moistening the soils. The number of irrigations will be significantly reduced.

solar

Without the use of special equipment, it is almost impossible to achieve a favorable microclimate inside the greenhouse. However, in areas where the sun shines throughout the year and the temperature does not drop too low, natural solar heating may be an option.

One of the prerequisites is that the roof of the greenhouse must be transparent so that it freely passes the sun's rays inside. The latter will heat the plants and soil, in turn, the surrounding air will heat up from them.

In addition to the above condition, it is necessary to adhere to other features when organizing solar heating of the greenhouse in winter:

• The greenhouse should be located in the brightest place on the site, which is not covered by shade most of the daytime
• To ensure that the wall coating does not cool quickly and spontaneously, it is necessary to choose an arrangement with a minimum amount of air flow.
• It should be borne in mind that the temperature inside will reach its maximum only around the evening.
• The best form of greenhouse - arched
• In order for the soil to warm up better, it is recommended to make the greenhouse as low as possible.

Natural solar heating is the simplest, most advantageous and cheapest. A significant disadvantage is low efficiency, especially in cloudy or cloudy weather.

Water heating for a greenhouse

Most often, summer residents equip the greenhouse with water heating in winter, which everyone can do on their own. At its core, it will resemble a classic home heating system, when a heated liquid coolant circulates through pipes and radiates its heat.

To implement this method, it is necessary to choose the most suitable place for the location of the heating installation (it can serve as a boiler, stove, etc.). They can also be located in a separate room, but not far from the greenhouse.

It is necessary to determine the type of coolant circulation:

1. Natural circulation is the simplest method, when the heated liquid rises through the pipe to the expansion tank located above the boiler, and from it flows naturally into the pipe lines at a slope
2. Artificial circulation - it is similar to natural, but the movement of the coolant is carried out due to the installed circulation pump

It is recommended to give preference to the second method, since it provides a higher speed of fluid movement through the pipes and prevents it from stagnation. You should not pour ordinary water into the mains - it will probably freeze soon. The best option would be diluted antifreeze.

Video guide

Heating a greenhouse in winter can be arranged in any convenient way. At the same time, each summer resident is able to do all the work on his own, without the involvement of a specialist and with minimal initial costs.

For those who are going to make a greenhouse for the winter for the next few years, it is recommended to combine 2-3 methods by turning on biological heating. This will surely warm the greenhouse from the ground to the top and insure yourself in case of situations when one of them is ineffective or impossible for some reason.

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The procedure for the construction of a winter greenhouse with heating by one's own hands - from the choice of materials to installation

Each land owner has his own motivation for building a winter greenhouse on the site. The general procedure for work (choosing a place and materials, drawing up a drawing, and so on) is not much different from building any other structure with your own hands - a private house, garage or summer kitchen. But since we are talking about a winter greenhouse, and even with heating, we should deal with all the nuances of its installation in more detail.

Further, only the features of such construction will be outlined and practical recommendations will be given. A reader who does not know what, for example, a foundation tape, grillage, should first familiarize themselves with this information in the "Construction" section.

You should not be distracted by such details as the shape of the greenhouse (one-, two-, three-slope, arched, combined or otherwise), its dimensions (including height) and so on. All this is at the discretion of the owner, since a lot depends on what the greenhouse itself is being built for (growing something for yourself or for sale) and what crops are supposed to be planted in it. Therefore, it makes sense to consider only the nuances of the installation of its components - the foundation (foundation), frame structure, its coating, utilities (lighting + heating).

What to consider before starting construction

A feature of a greenhouse with heating is that such a building is mounted as a stationary, non-separable structure (unlike a polycarbonate greenhouse). Therefore, a correct approach is required to choosing a place for a capital structure, which cannot be dismantled and transferred to another segment of the territory if necessary.

Light mode

The greenhouse should be positioned and oriented to the cardinal points so that during the day it is as naturally lit as possible.

Rose of Wind

Heating is installed in greenhouses, which are operated, as a rule, year-round. Therefore, you should think about organizing a fence from the most problematic direction. You may have to put wind protection on several sides. If everything is carefully thought out, then it is possible to significantly reduce heat loss and save on heating, not to mention an increase in crop yields.

Do not forget about the turbulence of air flows. It is the higher, the smaller the interval between the fence and the wall of the greenhouse. Consequently, the “heating” will have to be more intensive, as the heat extraction from the outside will increase. The dimensions of the building also matter. If we focus on the average indicator, then the optimal distance is a fence - a greenhouse of the order of 6 - 7 m (with a ridge height of 2 - 2.5 m).

Ease of access to the greenhouse

This will greatly facilitate both the construction process and the maintenance of vegetation. If possible, the specifics of laying communications should also be taken into account - lighting, plumbing, heating (if it is not autonomous) - in order to minimize costs.

Heating option

From the scheme according to which the heating of the greenhouse is organized, its project (scheme) largely depends. This will be discussed in more detail below, but it should be noted that if the boiler is installed inside the building, it will be necessary to provide for the presence of not just a vestibule, but a separate room with the appropriate dimensions. The linear parameters (cubic capacity) of the mini-furnace must correspond to the power of the installed unit.

Features of the choice of materials and installation of the greenhouse

Foundation

Its depth depends on the characteristics of the soil, the configuration of the underground aquifers and the availability (efficiency) of the drainage system on the site.

Tape

This is the most popular type of foundation in the private sector. But given the cost of materials (primarily cement) and the low weight of the greenhouse, is it worth it to build this type of foundation is a big question. In addition, if the site is already planted, then it is extremely undesirable to conduct volumetric earthworks (there is a high risk of damage to the root system of plantings) or not everywhere possible (due to engineering communications laid across the territory).

Conclusion - if local conditions allow, then it is advisable to use a shallow strip foundation.

Columnar (pile)

Under the greenhouse - a more suitable option. And if pipes are used as supports, then excavation will be reduced to drilling pits at the designated points. With screw piles, it’s even easier.

You will need to mount the grillage. What is the point of heating a building, under the floor of which “the wind is walking”? By the way, in the space between its bottom and the ground, if necessary, you can put some kind of insulation, for example, fill expanded clay. But mineral wool is not suitable, because over time it will absorb moisture and begin to collapse.

frame

In general terms, the choice of materials for the "skeleton" of the greenhouse is large, but for capital construction it narrows somewhat. Building walls of brick or concrete blocks is not cheap. We will consider simpler technologies.

Wood

It should not be used explicitly. There are several reasons. Firstly, it dries out, which means that heat loss will increase. Secondly, the need for regular treatment with special preparations and coloring is an unattractive prospect. Plus, money and time. Thirdly, not all vegetable crops like "close proximity" to a tree. Experienced gardeners often cite cucumbers as an example. Fourthly, there will be problems with glazing, as well as ensuring its tightness during the entire life of the greenhouse.

Metal

If you use aluminum samples, then the weight of the structure will be negligible. The difficulty lies elsewhere - in its assembly. Not everyone can bend a metal profile correctly - experience is required here.

Plastic

For a small greenhouse with heating - the best option. Pipes withstand a significant load, easily change geometry, are inexpensive - there are enough pluses. The only question is how to securely fix such a frame on the foundation?

• Tape - rods are embedded in it (from pipes of small diameter, a bar or something similar) according to a pre-compiled scheme, on which plastic is mounted.
• The pillars are the same. In the supports, to ensure strength, a solution is poured. Here in it pieces of pipes of a smaller section or thick fittings are installed.

If a boiler is mounted in the vestibule of the greenhouse, then there must be a wall (partition) with a door between it and the main room. Part of the roof (above this utility room) is covered with an opaque material.

sheathing

It is not worth talking about materials such as polyethylene film or glass. In the first case - because of the short service life and large heat losses. In the second - due to the complexity of installation and high cost. Pay attention to polycarbonate. But since we are talking about heating, then you need to choose cellular polycarbonate.

There are several advantages of such a greenhouse cover:

• acceptable price;
• light weight;
• strength;
• ease of fastening sheets with your own hands;
• good light transmission and heat saving;
• excellent maintainability.

Engineering systems

The arrangement of ventilation and lighting is not such a complicated matter. It is only necessary to provide for the possibility of controlling light and air flow. How to do this - manually or install automation - the owner decides for himself. The same is true for plumbing. Someone will make a diversion from the main highway and stretch a separate thread to the greenhouse, while someone will be completely satisfied with taking water in a bucket from a well located next to the building. But it is worth talking about heating in particular.

Greenhouse heating options

Actually, this is the most important moment of the entire process of building a winter greenhouse. It is the constancy of temperature and the uniformity of heating of the building that is the key to high productivity. What to choose as a source of thermal energy can only be decided by the owner himself, since even hypothetically it is impossible to take into account all the nuances of construction and the capabilities of the owner of the site, especially if the work is done by hand. But a small overview of the options would be appropriate.

With this heating, the air inside the room is heated. The peculiarity is that the farther from the heat source, the lower the temperature. This option is suitable either for small greenhouses, or, if necessary, to heat the room by sector. For example, when zoning space in the case of planting different types of crops with different requirements for temperature conditions.

Water heating

If the greenhouse is being built as an extension to a residential building or is being built near it, this is the best option. Stretching pipes is not a problem. The only difficulty is whether the heating boiler will “pull” an additional load. Here you have to think about what is more economically profitable - to look for another engineering solution for heating (also money) or to purchase a boiler of greater power.

It is worth thinking about how to lay pipes inside the greenhouse with your own hands. There are several schemes, and the expediency of implementing one or another depends on the features of the building (primarily dimensions) and the crops grown.

• Along the walls, around the perimeter. Maybe with the installation of radiators.
• In the ground (inside the beds).
• under every level. This is done if crops are grown in containers placed on racks.

Heating cable

It is used instead of pipes and is laid according to similar schemes. You don’t have to follow such heating, like, for example, a stove - everything is done automatically. The only condition is that there should be no problems with en / supply, which is typical for suburban areas.

IR heating

An economical and efficient way to heat a greenhouse. Electricity consumption is minimal. The main thing is to correctly arrange (mount) heat sources, since such products are produced in different designs, even in the form of films. In detail, all the pros and cons of infrared heating are described in this article.

These are not the only options for electronic devices. You can think about purchasing heaters (but they dry the air), oil coolers - there is a choice.

Biofuel heating

On many sites, this heating method is positioned as the most economical. But if you carefully read the technology, a number of questions arise. For example, where can a city dweller get manure, sawdust and the like? How long is one bookmark enough? Plus, there are stringent requirements for air humidity, aeration and a number of others. It turns out that such heating is a rather troublesome business. So - for an amateur.

Conclusion

There can be no specific recommendation for the construction of a winter greenhouse in principle. The information provided is quite enough for the reader to make a choice of the most suitable project and option for the interior arrangement of the premises. Everything can be done with your own hands, if you approach the issue thoughtfully, in a businesslike way.

Greenhouse for winter growing vegetables

A winter greenhouse is a useful structure for a land plot that allows you to grow horticultural crops all year round. It is used both for own needs and for breeding fruit plants for sale.

The most versatile material for building greenhouses is polycarbonate. It is he who allows the use of the latest construction technologies, design developments and technical equipment for greenhouses.

Polycarbonate retains heat well and allows enough sunlight to pass through.

Structural differences between summer and winter greenhouses

The purpose of greenhouses is the same for any season - they are designed to protect plants and give them enough heat for growth and development. However, in constructive terms, winter greenhouses differ significantly from summer buildings:

As a material for sheathing the frame, materials are used that are resistant to loads, temperature extremes and weather conditions. As a rule, it is glass or polycarbonate. In summer greenhouses, a strong film is sufficient.

Summer greenhouses warm up well during the day and the air does not have time to cool down overnight. In winter greenhouses, a heating system is required to maintain a comfortable temperature for growing.

Winter buildings require insulation to avoid drafts and loss of thermal energy from the heating system.

Summer greenhouses are often made in the form of arches; winter ones require a gable roof so that snow does not accumulate on it.

Thus, summer greenhouses work exclusively due to natural factors - long daylight hours, solar heat, natural ventilation system. And in order to grow plants in winter, the necessary climatic conditions are artificially recreated in the greenhouse.

For photophilous plants it is necessary to create additional lighting.

Polycarbonate in the construction of winter greenhouses

The use of polycarbonate in the construction of winter greenhouses is due to its strength and light transmission qualities. The advantages of this material are as follows:

resistance to mechanical damage;

good aesthetic characteristics;

low weight of the structure - suitable for any frame;

conducts sunlight very well.

ease of processing and installation of sheets;

the material can withstand heavy loads - it is important with a large amount of snow in winter;

tolerates strong heating and cooling, does not deteriorate under the influence of UV rays.

All these factors make polycarbonate an ideal material for building winter greenhouses. It perfectly protects plants from snow and frost and allows you to maintain the right microclimate in the building.

In the greenhouse, early frosts are not terrible for heat-loving plants.

Greenhouse design options

The construction market offers a huge selection of shapes and sizes of greenhouses. Therefore, customers always have the opportunity to make it for their own needs. When choosing a design, it is worth considering the type and number of plants that are planned to be grown in a greenhouse.

A winter greenhouse with heating can be quite long or wide. For private land plots, there are standard dimensional grids of turnkey structures.

The base of the greenhouse is usually rectangular or square. The roof is made in various forms:

The main condition for the roof of a winter greenhouse is the presence of a slope so that the snow can slide off it under its own weight and does not accumulate on the roof. It is also recommended to make vents in the roof to ventilate the structure.

Windows in greenhouses are most often located at the top of the roof

Greenhouses, as a rule, consist of one "room", however, experts recommend organizing a heated dressing room. This is done so that with frequent use in winter, the plants do not suffer from the penetration of cold air from the street.

On our website you can get acquainted with the most popular projects of small forms from construction companies presented at the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Stages of construction of polycarbonate greenhouses

The construction of a polycarbonate winter greenhouse is a rather complicated technological process. It consists of several stages that affect both the construction of the structure itself and its internal equipment.

Foundation

The polycarbonate winter greenhouse has a heavy structure and to make it stable, you will need to lay the foundation. It can be one of three types:

The latter option is most often used in the construction of capital greenhouses. Laying the strip foundation is carried out in several stages:

marking the site for construction, digging a trench approximately 1 m deep;

laying waterproofing on the bottom of the trench;

installation of reinforcement to strengthen the foundation;

filling the trench with gravel-sand-cement mortar;

laying heat-insulating material on a dried strip foundation.

After preparing the foundation, anchor bolts are mounted in it for subsequent fastening of the frame. Sometimes a layer of brick is laid out on the foundation, in which case the fasteners must pass through the masonry and penetrate into the foundation.

Arrangement of a strip foundation for a greenhouse On our website you can find contacts of construction companies that offer the installation of greenhouses and similar turnkey structures. You can directly communicate with representatives by visiting the exhibition of houses "Low-Rise Country".

Frame installation

For the construction of a frame for polycarbonate sheets, metal profiles, pipes and corners are most often used. This choice is due to the strength and durability of the metal base compared to wood.

The installation of the frame is carried out in several stages:

fixing the lower lining on the foundation with anchor bolts;

installation of vertical racks on the lining with bolts or by welding;

connection of vertical profiles with a horizontal lining along the top;

installation of a frame under a pitched roof.

The integrity and strength of the entire greenhouse structure depends on the correct installation of the base. Therefore, it is produced exactly with the planned plan and calculations.

The finished frame for the greenhouse remains to be sheathed with polycarbonate sheets It might be interesting! In the article on the following link, read about a mini-greenhouse for giving and at home.

Sheathing frame with polycarbonate

Polycarbonate sheets are selected and cut to the size of the frame. They are attached to the profile with bolts. Installation starts from the bottom of the greenhouse from the corner joint. Sheets are constantly leveled with a building level so that there are no gaps and overlaps between them. The joints are subject to waterproofing from the side of the room so that moisture does not accumulate in them and fungus does not form. For this, sealants and other building compounds are used.

Sheathing of the greenhouse with cellular polycarbonate

Heating

The heating system in a greenhouse for plants can be solved in several ways. The most budget option is to install a stove with pipes in which hot smoke circulates. Heating occurs by heating the air from the chimney pipe. The disadvantage of such a system is manual control, which does not allow you to leave the greenhouse unattended.

Water heating is considered a more convenient option. It can be organized by installing a gas boiler in a greenhouse, or a pipe from a residential building. The air is heated by conventional radiators installed along the wall of the greenhouse. In some cases, they make a kind of "warm floor" from polypropylene pipes underground, through which hot water circulates. This allows you to heat the soil and plant roots in winter.

Another type of heating system is combined. It includes the following elements:

Infrared lamps for lighting and heating plants from above;

Polypropylene tubes filled with coolant, deepened into the soil.

The joint work of these elements of the system allows you to evenly heat the air in the upper and lower parts of the room. Another advantage is automatic control. The system is equipped with temperature and humidity sensors and can independently regulate the microclimate in the room.

Scheme of a "smart" greenhouse heating system

Lighting

In winter, the daylight hours are short, so the plants in the greenhouse do not have time to receive enough UV rays. This slows down their growth and leads to various diseases.

To improve the efficiency of the greenhouse, additional lighting is installed in it. Its level is selected depending on the crops grown in the greenhouse - greens and seedlings require a little light, for berry and fruit plants it should be strong enough.

For lighting, sodium lamps are used, which give photosynthetic radiation, that is, they produce ultraviolet rays that mimic sunlight. They are installed directly above the beds or shelves with seedlings. Ordinary fluorescent lamps are sometimes used, but they are less effective.

Greenhouse lighting with UV lamps

All wiring of lighting fixtures must be equipped with moisture protection, since the air in greenhouses is very humid and water droplets can settle on all surfaces.

It might be interesting! In the article on the following link, read about heating the greenhouse.

Watering

To organize watering plants in a greenhouse that does not require manual control, it is equipped with irrigation systems. The most versatile of these is drip irrigation. It consists of a reservoir with liquid and pipes stretched along the perimeter of the beds. Such a system is mounted at the stage of construction of the greenhouse frame.

In some cases, sprinkler valves are mounted on top, above or to the side of the plant beds. The irrigation option is selected depending on the needs of the crops grown in the greenhouse.

In order not to walk with a hose throughout the greenhouse, it is possible to make plumbing when designing

Ventilation

The greenhouse ventilation system is an important part of creating a comfortable microclimate for plants. Although a polycarbonate greenhouse is considered a winter greenhouse, it is usually used all year round. In the summer, it is very important to prevent overheating and waterlogging of the air - for this, a ventilation system is needed in the building.

In polycarbonate greenhouses, several opening modules-windows are made in the roof or upper part of the wall. Automatic valves are mounted on them, which open and close windows depending on the air temperature. This allows you to ventilate the room and keep the plants fresh.

It is desirable that ventilation provides for the possibility of strong and weak ventilation.

Video description

How to choose the right greenhouse, see the video:

Video description

A few more words about the choice of high-quality polycarbonate:

It might be interesting! In the article on the following link read about polycarbonate greenhouses.

Heated traditional greenhouse and its innovative design

A heated greenhouse will really increase the yield. And its construction is simple and inexpensive. Therefore, its construction will not require special skill, but only the desire to enjoy the harvest, fresh salads and berries. Moreover, its year-round model will be ideal. However, a heated greenhouse is also a winning move.

It is only important to correctly determine their location. It is it that will reward the owners with an early harvest and save on heating. Therefore, it is advisable to do it where it is as windless and sunny as possible. Often prudent gardeners prefer to attach a greenhouse to the always warm wall of a heated house. At the same time, heating costs are also reduced. Although this wall must be insulated from greenhouse moisture.

Types of heating

The biological method heats the greenhouse in winter by exothermic reaction of biofuel and air. For example, horse manure retains +60ºС during decay and retains it for up to six months. Also use sawdust, straw and their mixture with compost household waste. This cheap way to heat a greenhouse is also the most useful for plants.

Technical heating is more diverse:

They prefer to heat the greenhouse with electricity Heaters or cable circuits along the foundation - a variant of a warm floor. Although excessive humidity is dangerous here and the cost of electricity is high.

Furnace heating can be arranged independently. For example, lay out a brick firebox in the vestibule, and draw a chimney along the greenhouse. Then the heated greenhouse with their own hands will always be warmed up by carbon monoxide tending to the chimney. At the same time, a safe distance from the chimney to plants and walls is observed - at least half a meter.

Improved view - greenhouses with water heating. Here, the water-heating boiler and pipes connected to it circulate heated water from above and along the walls, then back to the heater (gas, electric or stove). And the expansion tank at the highest point guarantees the right pressure.

Gas heating is efficient but energy intensive. After all, greenhouses with gas heating are heated by its combustion in the boiler. Pros: uniform heating of the air, its enrichment with carbon dioxide, which multiplies the yield.

A greenhouse heated by a domestic boiler is economical if it is attached to the wall of the house or near it. By the way, insulation of external pipes will reduce heat loss. It is clear that the power of the boiler should be enough for this warm greenhouse.

Construction materials

1. For the construction of a greenhouse structure, you will need a large aggregate (crushed stone) and a fine aggregate (sand). Cement will also provide strength to the foundation. Optimally, this is a strip foundation with a depth of more than half a meter: after all, the structure itself is light. You also need to make a heat-insulating "pillow" of expanded clay and sand.
2. Ceramic (red) brick is needed for the basement above the foundation. It is usually laid out in 3 rows. By the way, moisture-resistant brick is less susceptible to deformation from steam and temperature.
3. Film structures poorly retain heat and break through the wind, snow, icing. Then the crop will die. Therefore, they prefer to cover the winter greenhouse with more reliable material. For example, a double coating with an elastic special film with a guarantee of more than 8 years.
4. Glass is the traditional coating. And double glazing is a must. After all, a layer of air between 2 glasses will save precious heat, money for heating. When thinking about how to build a winter greenhouse, it is necessary to design ventilation transoms.
5. Cellular cellular polycarbonate - the newest covering for greenhouses. Such a year-round greenhouse is the most reliable. Factory samples are equipped with an advanced powerful design and are easy to assemble by hand.

This material retains heat better, so the problem of how to heat the greenhouse is simplified. After all, heating such a polycarbonate structure is less expensive: this polycarbonate will retain heat even at -40ºС. For greater protection of plants and saving money when insulating, an additional inner insulating layer can be made from a film.

Heating a greenhouse in winter with a diesel gun (video)

Heated construction device

Let the frame for the winter greenhouse also be durable: made of metal or wood.

Glasses, cellular polycarbonate or film are attached to it. Pipes, boiler heat winter greenhouses.

Already during the design, they are guided by energy saving and expediency.

Therefore, projects with a shed roof to the south are popular. Then the sun's rays fall on it almost at a right angle and heat the greenhouse as much as possible. Let the northern vertical wall be opaque, and insulated from the inside with an insulator covered with foil, which ideally reflects heat and light to the beds.

The frame, its racks are best made from thin pipes: they are light, but reliable. Although high-strength plastic is just as good. The correct shape of the frame will increase energy savings and yield. Therefore, when building a greenhouse with their own hands, they make a roof slope of more than 30 degrees. Then the snow will not linger, as, indeed, on the popular arched greenhouses. After all, a snow load can destroy a winter greenhouse. Now the frames erected from a profile pipe by welding are most in demand. The arch is formed by bending pipes with a section of 20x40 mm. But the year-round arched greenhouse will become stronger with corner posts made of 40x40 pipes.

Illumination affects the yield. A winter day is 3-6 hours, and this is not enough for plants. Therefore, growers recommend taking care of artificial lighting that is comfortable for grown crops and beneficial for gardeners. The range of fixtures is great: from conventional light bulbs to LEDs. Their rational arrangement will especially increase the yield of light-loving plants that will be near light sources.

So, many are interested in how to build a greenhouse with heating. It will increase the yield. After all, the goal is to build a winter greenhouse at a minimum cost, and the season for collecting vitamins will become endless.

Economical heating or how to bask in Siberia (video)

Winter greenhouses with heating

These characteristics make it possible to equip a winter greenhouse for growing flowers or heated greenhouses for vegetable crops. A winter greenhouse with heating allows you to be ahead of competitors by almost a month in the collection and sale of early vegetables in the spring.

Thanks to this efficiency, winter greenhouses are in demand not only in farms in Moscow, the Moscow region and other regions of Russia, but also in areas in summer and garden cooperatives and partnerships, as well as in private housing construction. This is due to the fact that the construction and heating of polycarbonate greenhouses in winter can be ordered by specialized enterprises or done on their own if they have the appropriate engineering and construction skills.

In any case, if you are not confident in your own skills, it is better to entrust the installation and insulation of greenhouses to specialized enterprises.

In the New Forms company in Moscow, you can choose from a catalog, order production or buy a ready-made greenhouse for the winter period, followed by installation of a heating system. Here you can also choose the necessary types of polycarbonate and profile from the best manufacturers in Russia and abroad for self-arrangement of polycarbonate greenhouses for winter heating. The company has its own production base, which, along with direct supplies of covering material and profiles, allows us to set one of the lowest prices in Russia for all types of products and building materials offered for greenhouse structures of any configuration.

Types of heating

A heated greenhouse in spring and in winter requires different amounts of thermal energy. Let's look at what types of greenhouse heating exist, and depending on the location of the farm, the area of ​​​​the greenhouse and the crops grown, you can decide for yourself which heating is better in spring and which is better in winter. But not all heating methods allow you to adjust the heating mode.

Bioheating

This is the simplest and most natural option, which allows you to increase the temperature of the organic soil layer - the so-called warm beds. Microorganisms contained in compost or manure, which fertilize the soil, in the process of life contribute to the decomposition of these organic fertilizers with the release of thermal energy. The heat released by the organic layer is enough to heat the root system of garden crops.

But not only the root system of plants needs a comfortable microclimate. In addition, in those parts where spring is slightly less severe than winter, biofuels can only serve as an auxiliary form of heating.

Furnace heating system

It is quite effective for a small home greenhouse, where the heat generated from the combustion of solid fuel is sent to a channel equipped in the ground under the root system. Part of the heat when the furnace body is heated enters the room. The furnace is mounted with a recess in the ground. Temperature control is not possible.

Water heating

Provides effective heating in winter and spring of greenhouses of any size, if the power of the heating boiler is correctly selected. Depending on the type of fuel, the boiler can be gas, electric, liquid or solid fuel. The water heated by it is fed through pipes to a pipeline mounted under the ground or to radiators. It is possible to simultaneously use radiators and piping systems according to the principle of underfloor heating.

Provides the necessary general microclimate for all types of crops in the room. Can be adjusted according to weather conditions.

Electric heating

Installation of a resistive cable is carried out under the ground like a warm floor, as well as along the walls. It is possible to lay ready-made heating mats under the ground. In the latter case, it is possible to regulate heating not only by season, but also by crop type when installing independent sensors and settings for planting zones.

heat gun

Gas, electric or liquid fuel heaters of direct or indirect heating are rarely used due to high energy consumption, mainly as a backup source of heat in case of a sharp drop in outdoor temperature.

Heat pump

Very expensive equipment that draws heat from the soil and reservoirs heated during the summer. Heat pumps as environmentally friendly heating systems are used primarily for housing, and at the same time for a greenhouse, if any. But at low temperatures, more efficient heat sources are needed.

solar collector

Provides heat to the greenhouse only during the daytime. To maintain the temperature regime at night, it is necessary to have other sources of heating.

Can I use IR

Infrared (IR) heating is one of the most efficient for greenhouses, which is becoming increasingly popular in Moscow and the Moscow region. Radiators of IR rays act on plants and soil not indirectly - through air, water, but directly - being absorbed by opaque objects. Most of the heat from the IR emitters instantly reaches the target - heating both the plants and the soil at the same time.

IR heating provides the following benefits:

• uniform heating of the entire volume of the room;
• exclusion of air drying;
• suppression of the vital activity of microorganisms dangerous for vegetable and flower crops;
• transfer by convection to the air of heat from the heated soil, plants, the body of the greenhouse structure;
• close to natural solar heating of plants.

Types of infrared heating

If you need a structure that is heated almost naturally according to the principle of solar heating, we recommend insulating the greenhouse with IR emitters. Film or tape emitters are mounted in the ceiling of the greenhouse, while the case emitters are mobile, and their height can be adjusted after installation on the walls.

Due to the spherical surface, IR housing radiators provide greater uniformity of room heating, while tape radiators are more economical and perfectly and evenly warm the soil. The use of those and other models of emitters can solve almost all problems of the greenhouse heating system.

Depending on the source of energy, IR heating can be easily installed with your own hands based on an electric, gas or liquid fuel power system.

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