Do-it-yourself sewerage from concrete rings - all steps step by step. How to make a sewer in a private house with your own hands from concrete rings, how much it costs How to put reinforced concrete rings on the sewer

The reliability of treatment facilities is the key to the comfort of owners of suburban real estate. Concrete rings for sewerage are characterized by an increased degree of strength and durability. Compared to the brick laying of a sewage treatment plant excavation, the structures are easy to install. A local septic tank will be the way out when it is not possible to equip a central sewerage system in private households. Concrete products usually stand inside communication systems.

Advantages of country sewerage

The connected water supply and the presence of a septic tank are the primary factors for a comfortable stay. Having your own suburban area, you need to think over the communication system. The country sewerage is equipped for a private house from concrete rings. It has a number of advantages:

• long service life;
• differ in rigidity and mechanical strength;
• have a low cost;
• are resistant to corrosion, moisture and aggressive chemicals;
• easy to assemble and install.

Keep in mind that home drainage consists of several elements that are attached taking into account the slope of the site, the level of soil freezing and its composition.

The subtleties of buying material

When choosing a material for arranging sewage communications, several points must be considered:

• reinforced concrete is characterized by high hygroscopicity. The surface of the tanks must be waterproofed;
• the concrete ring is heavy. Installation requires additional special equipment;
• low-quality material can easily crumble. Therefore, when choosing material for sewerage, it is better to stop at trusted manufacturers.

All the disadvantages of sewer rings are easily corrected in the process of phased arrangement. How to design and build drainage is the main question for owners of summer cottages and country houses.

Sewerage: device, scheme, design

The design of a local septic tank may include wells for sewage from reinforced concrete rings in the amount of no more than 3 pieces, forming one single system. For the construction of wastewater tanks, rings with a diameter of 700 - 2000 mm are used. Common standard sizes are KTs-20 (KS-20) and KTs-10 (KS-10). The numbers in the marking indicate the diameter in decimeters.
When choosing a scheme for the installation of sewage facilities, it is necessary to take into account a number of technological factors:

• the volume of daily water consumption of a particular facility;
• terrain surface;
• availability of groundwater;
• degree of soil freezing;
• truck entrance.

The sewerage device from concrete rings assumes the presence of the following elements:

• a concrete storage well for sewage - all wastewater from the house enters it;
• secondary sump, which acts as a light drain cleaner;
• filtration tanks - purified water passes through it and returns to the soil.

The construction of autonomous treatment facilities is carried out with standard reinforced concrete rings: the height is 900 mm, the volume is determined by the diameter of the product. Some manufacturers offer perforated concrete products to order. However, this product is more expensive.

The optimal size of the septic tank

When calculating the effective and working volume of sewage in a private house made of concrete rings, it is necessary to proceed from:

• three times the amount of water discharged per day. As a rule, one person has about 200 liters.
• To determine the optimal volume of the septic tank, taking into account all those living in the house, you need to multiply the indicator by 3 and by the number of users of the drainage system.

The dimensions of concrete rings for sewers play an important role. In the single-chamber version, the entire volume of water falls on one container. The two-chamber design takes on itself ¾ of the total volume in the storage tank, and ¼ falls on the second chamber. A three-chamber septic tank will distribute the entire volume of effluents equally across all drives.

How does a septic system work?

A concrete, durable well, designed for the quality of sewerage, ensures consistent movement of wastewater:

• contaminated water enters the first tank and is separated into elements of different densities. Heavy fractions remain at the bottom, and light fractions rise to the surface;
• the purified liquid is fed into the second tank, where the organic matter is split;
• the third tank without a bottom brings the purified water into the ground. The liquid is pre-filtered in a drainage well.

Three-level filtration eliminates soil contamination.

Types of septic tanks and their design features

When arranging a septic tank from concrete rings, the scheme of each type of construction has its own nuances.

Local facility with one chamber

At the heart of a single-chamber septic tank, in a country house made of concrete rings, there is one container that plays the role of a sewage accumulator. Its optimal volume is 16-20 times the daily discharge of water. The design allows the absence of a bottom and drainage.

Dual chamber system

The cleaning system has a good functionality. At the heart of the two-chamber construction for giving from concrete rings are two storage tanks. The device of the well allows the accumulation of heavy fractions in the first chamber, and the secondary one is intended for the accumulation of settled effluents. By constructing a system that uses drainage, based on sand and gravel, you can get a high-quality output of water into the soil.

Three-chamber septic tank

Three containers form the basis of a three-chamber system. This facility is a perfect device for waste disposal. The first two wells play the role of sedimentation tanks for sewage, the last one performs the final filtration of wastewater.
The third sewer pit has to be dug deep, up to the occurrence of sand and clay, which will facilitate the removal of moisture.

What materials may be needed?

Do-it-yourself sewerage from concrete rings is done using the following materials and tools:

• shovel;
• shovels with sides;
• buckets;
• cuttings with cross handles;
• products for loosening the soil;
• cement brand M200 - M500;
• sifted fine sand;
• crushed stone with medium fractions;
• concrete products with a diameter of 10 cm;
• corners, asbestos pipes and tees;
• hacksaws;
• waterproofing material.

With the help of a shovel with sides, the earth is scooped up, and a deepening of the pit is formed with a shovel and a bucket. A layer of rubble is poured at the bottom of the trench - this is how the structure is strengthened. The bottom is installed on a crushed stone pillow.

Installation of a stock structure: the nuances of work

The waste system has its own design features. Regardless of the type of structure and the material chosen, the installation process has its own specifics.

Choosing the right place

Before you make a sewer according to safety precautions in the country with your own hands, you need to familiarize yourself with the standard scheme for arranging local structures.

1. The septic tank should be located at least 7 meters from the house.
2. The sewer concrete well is located away from the drinking tank - 30 - 60 meters.
3. From the paths and the road, from the neighbor's fence, we make a drain pit as far as possible, over 3 meters.
4. We plan fruit plantations, a vegetable garden and a garden at a distance from the sewerage system in a private house. The standard figure is over 3 meters.

It is necessary to build a septic tank away from a source of drinking water or a reservoir. The optimal distance is 10-20 meters.

Preparation of the pit and arrangement of the septic tank

Performing earthworks, you can dig the soil manually or use special equipment. To dig a storage tank, the dug pit should be 20-30 cm larger. This makes it convenient to install sewer rings.
Installation of concrete rings must be carried out exclusively vertically. When working with the material, it is unacceptable to move by rolling. This leads to cracks on the surface of the products.

1. The bottom of the pit must be level. A reinforced mesh 20x20 cm is made and laid out on the base.
2. It is necessary to concrete the foundation of the structure.
3. After the concrete has hardened, a tank must be installed. The container is assembled from reinforced concrete products, putting them on top of each other.
4. In the process of assembling sewer rings, you need to mark and create holes with a perforator through which pipes will be fed.
5. Upon completion of the installation of sewer rings - installing a well in a pit and placing a drain pipe, we proceed to the insulation of the septic tank.
6. The space between the walls of the pit and concrete products is eliminated by filling it with sand and cement.

To calculate how many rings you need to install for one drive, we proceed from the parameters of the calculated volumes for users.

Organization of the filter system

For uniform contact of water with the walls of the product, the first ring is installed on a crushed stone pillow. The top of the structure is also covered with drainage. The quality of drainage is achieved by bricks placed under the walls of the home sewer rings. You can make several holes in the walls of the elements. Sewer pipes must be led into the well.

Building waterproofing

The construction of a septic tank of a country house should be approached carefully. Properly organized sewerage in the country ensures the normal operation of the structure.
The waterproofing of the inner and outer surface guarantees optimum retention and settling of wastewater. Particular attention should be paid to the joints between the rings. For this, bituminous mastic, a solution of liquid glass, polymeric compounds "Gidroizol" or "Hydrotex" are used.

sewer ventilation

The creation of a ventilation system is a key moment in the construction of treatment channels. The work has several goals:

• prevention of the spread of unpleasant odors from highways and well tanks;
• protect against air discharge;
• maintain optimal performance of the structure.

The ventilation construction technology involves connecting a sewer pipe to a ventilation riser brought to the roof of the building. The ventilation channel and the sewer compartment must have the same diameter. A suitable value is a pipe cross section of 110 mm.

The uninterrupted functionality of the septic tank will be possible if the owners take into account several points:

• seal sewer pipes;
• make the incoming part of the system thicker than the outgoing part;
• install check valves in the pipeline to prevent backflow;
• pour some gravel to the bottom of the well;
• be sure to clean the sewer walls 2-3 times a year.

An installed autonomous septic tank for private properties is an opportunity to arrange a treatment plant and solve the problem of discharging polluted effluents. During the construction of the structure, it is necessary to adhere to the specified sequence of works. After all, a well-built system will provide for a long time the comfort of living in private homes.

Comfortable living in a country or private house is impossible without summing up all the elements of infrastructure. If it is not possible to connect to the central water supply and wastewater disposal, then an autonomous sewer system is required.

The simplest and most reliable type of such structures is a septic tank assembled from concrete elements. Most often, such structures include several chambers. The dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage, their number and installation scheme may differ depending on the total volume of the septic tank, its location on the site, as well as the specifics of the soil and the height of groundwater.

General view of the structure

Most often, a septic tank made of concrete elements consists of three separate wells. With a sufficient depth of groundwater and the possibility of increasing the height of the structure, the number of chambers is sometimes reduced to two.

Essential elements

The general scheme of the septic tank can be represented as follows:

• receiving chamber - a well into which all wastewater from the house enters;
• secondary sump, which performs the function of additional purification of light wastewater;
• a filtering well through which almost completely purified water returns to the ground.

The installation of the first two chambers of the treatment plant is carried out on a concrete base, followed by sealing of all seams, which ensures the protection of the site from leakage of untreated effluents. For a filtering sewer well, installation is carried out with a drainage layer device for the gradual removal of treated effluents.

All chambers are interconnected by connecting pipes, and in the first well an opening is additionally prepared for the sewer pipe to enter from the house. In the upper part of all three compartments during installation, heavy hatches and additional rings with hatches are installed, providing technical access to the wells.

Advantages of the building

The advantages of such septic tanks include:

• reliability and structural strength;
• ease of installation and maintenance;
• the low cost of the entire structure.

But it should be noted that when installing such a treatment plant in a private house, it is worth considering several nuances. The concrete septic tank is not airtight, so smell can spread from it. Yes, and with a slight depth of groundwater, this option may be ineffective.

Calculation of the future septic tank

When drawing up a scheme for future sewage, several factors must be taken into account:

• the number of permanent residents;
• the volume of the selected type of reinforced concrete ring;
• the minimum term for wastewater treatment is 3 days.

It is in the bookmark of the number of inhabitants of a private house or cottage that the main mistakes most often occur. It must be remembered that the calculation must be based on the largest number of people, including those temporarily present. After all, if the septic tank is designed for the needs of a family of three, and guests come to them, then the system may not be able to cope with the volume of effluents.

Regulatory data

The normative consumption of water per day per person is 200 liters. Thus, the number of people is multiplied by 0.2 m3 and then tripled. If the system must withstand the load of water consumption by 5 people, then the daily discharge can reach 1 cubic meter, and the required volume reserve for three days involves an increase in the septic tank wells to 3 m3.

The number of concrete rings is calculated based on the volume of the chambers. The standard ring holds 0.6 - 0.62 m3, so the required volume of the septic tank must be divided by the capacity of the ring. In addition, three rings should be added to create technical chambers.

It should be remembered that even with a small number of people, the height of the well must be at least 1.2 meters (2 rings). For normal sedimentation of solid particles from primary effluents, the water column above the solid sediment must be at least 1 m.

Installation of a septic tank from concrete elements

After carrying out the basic calculations, it is necessary to develop a layout of the sewer system. According to existing standards, the septic tank must be located at least 5 m from the boundaries of the site, 10 m from the house to prevent undermining the foundation, and also 30 m from the nearest surface reservoir.

Do not forget that the maximum distance from the source of water supply is also required. If there is a slope on the site, the septic tank must be located below the drinking water intake point. After choosing a location, the installation of a treatment plant for a private house or cottage is carried out in several stages.

Soil development

When installing a septic tank that includes several chambers, it is best to prepare one common pit. To carry out all the work, it is economically more expedient to hire special equipment. In this case, the development of the soil will take no more than 2 - 3 hours.

The installation of the receiving chamber and the sump must be carried out on a concrete base to prevent the flow of raw sewage. Therefore, the bottom of the pit at the installation sites of these wells is rammed, a layer of roofing material is laid as a waterproofing and a small pedestal is poured.

At the installation site of the filtration well, the soil is not rammed, part of it is replaced with a crushed stone pillow, the height of which should be at least 50 cm. Such a filter made of coarse aggregate will allow water to freely go into the ground, and will also serve for final water purification.

Creating cameras

When installing the rings, you will also need special lifting equipment, such as a small truck crane or manipulator. First, the skeleton of each well is assembled by setting the estimated number of rings. For a better connection, the rings can be laid on mortar or special glue.

The joints of the rings with each other and with the base are carefully sealed with mortar. For additional waterproofing, liquid glass can be added to the mixture at the rate of 10 g of additive for every 1 kg of cement.

For additional protection of the well, it is better to treat the joints of the elements with mastics or coloring composites for waterproofing from the outside and inside. Such a finish will not interfere with the entire body of the well.

On top of each chamber, special reinforced concrete covers with holes for a hatch and a ventilation pipe are installed.

Connecting cameras into a single system

After installing the rings, it is necessary to connect all the elements of the septic tank into a single structure. To facilitate pipe routing, it is best to order rings with side holes. Otherwise, niches for the pipeline can be prepared using a special crown for concrete with a diameter of at least 114 mm or manually.

It must be remembered that the septic tank of the rings is designed for independent movement of drains, so the installation of pipes must be carried out very carefully. In the receiving chamber, the sewer pipe must be laid with a slope of 2 cm for each meter of length. That is why you can not take the sewer too far from the house.

The connecting pipes between the chambers must be located below the inlet level of the main drains, otherwise the flow will cycle and the septic tank will stop working. The entry points of all pipes must be carefully sealed with mortar and additionally treated with waterproofing and sealing compound.

Backfilling a septic tank

After installation of all elements of the system, backfilling of the pit is carried out. For these purposes, it is also best to hire special equipment, because manual labor will require no less payment than renting a tractor with a bucket or a loader.

It is necessary to fill the septic tank with soil removed during the construction of the pit. With a high clay content, you can add a little sand that can be more evenly distributed around the structure. After the filling is completed, the septic tank is ready for use.

With the correct calculation and installation, a septic tank made of concrete rings can become a very effective and inexpensive treatment system for a country or private house, which will serve its owners for at least 50 years.

techno-concrete.ru

Do-it-yourself sewerage in a private house from concrete rings: scheme, device

Concrete rings for sewerage are distinguished by their durability and increased strength.

Compared to brick laying, concrete structures are easy to install, and concrete sewer rings cost an order of magnitude less.

Installation of rings is convenient, because they are made for a tight fit.

The average service life is about fifty years.

From the article you will learn the main features of concrete wells, learn the options for pumping out the waste content, read about how to properly install such a concrete ring and what role the groundwater level plays in all this.

Advantages and disadvantages

However, it cannot be said that concrete rings are ideal, like any device, they have their drawbacks. The first is their weight.

When installing, it is necessary to use special equipment or a large amount of labor.

This also leads to difficulties in transportation, because not every car can cope with the increased load.

If you choose a low-quality manufacturer, then the walls will crumble in just six months.

On the other hand, all these disadvantages are easily corrected, you just need to approach the construction of the sewer correctly, in stages.

It is always possible to agree on a suitable transport in advance, as well as carefully select the rings so as not to install a defective product.

Most often, such material is used in the construction of wells, but the main area of ​​​​application is autonomous sewer rings in a private house and in the country.

For sewer wells and septic tanks, structures with the lowest permeability are used.

The composition of the soil rocks where the devices are mounted does not play any role. Concrete rings with a lock are used only for septic tanks and sewers.

There are also more durable devices that have metal elements inside the walls.

Concrete rings to be installed in the sewer are marked as KS (wall structure).

After that come the numbers, where the first number shows the diameter of the structure inside, followed by external indicators.

The optimal size and how to choose it?

The dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage are selected based on the design, which indicates all the calculations, the volume of the well, its type and other points necessary to complete the installation correctly and safely.

The purpose of the rings also plays an important role in the selection. In addition to marking, there are other parameters of the rings.

In stores, when buying, you can ask for tables that contain all the design parameters.

These include the thickness, volume of the device, mass. The class of concrete is also indicated. All this information is important for the sewerage scheme to be correct.

Focusing on the dimensions of the concrete structure, you can choose a place and dig a recess there.

This allows you to see the real volumes of the site that need to be done to equip the sewer.

It is important to pay attention to the volume of the structure, because then you can understand the compatibility with the volumes of the septic tank, how the ring fits in a given situation.

The mass is needed to understand which car to use to transport the device. For sewerage in a country house or in a private house, standard concrete rings are chosen according to GOST.

They are the most common in the construction of sewers. In addition, standard devices are affordable.

Additional concrete rings may also be needed.

They are much lower in height and are needed if a small size is not enough before installation is completed and a standard device cannot be used.

Some rings are suitable only for mounting with a bottom, that is, they are used at the very bottom of the structure.

The bottom itself is made of durable concrete materials with a reinforcing mesh, which allows it to withstand even heavy loads from concrete rings.

The easiest way out is to buy sewer rings with a built-in bottom. A hatch should also come with the device (it protects the container from moisture, debris, snow).

Important Features

Most often, country sewage is equipped precisely from concrete rings. Before installation, detailed calculations are carried out. Be sure to need a scheme according to which the installation will be carried out.

The type of sewerage is also selected (working under pressure or by another method). It is from the concrete components in the country that you can make the installation of an inexpensive and durable sewage system.

A sump is built from the rings, and a filtration well is made nearby, the scheme of which is quite simple.

Usually, in a country house or in a private house, a design of 3 rings, a bottom and a hatch is sufficient.

If two wells are being built, then we can already talk about real septic tanks that fully clean the drains.

It is extremely important to choose the right volume of the septic tank.

Therefore, the settling time must be taken into account here.

According to the standards, it is accepted that effluents must settle in the sewer for at least three days, and for this, based on two or three people, a volume of two cubic meters is needed.

If there are more people in the house, then it would be more correct to make a two-chamber septic tank.

Since living in a country house is seasonal, the sewerage from concrete rings is cleaned with your own hands once every couple of years.

If such a sewer is used in a private house, then it will have to be cleaned every 6 months (sometimes once a year), but you cannot completely get rid of the need for pumping.

Although here the key factor is the number of residents.

Correct installation and nuances of the device

To carry out a competent installation, you must first determine the place for the sewer.

Despite the apparent complexity, in practice it is much easier to deal with this matter.

Do not forget that the main thing that you need to pay attention to when installing a well is the depth of groundwater.

The scheme is standard, it does not have any exceptions, but there are rules that are strongly discouraged from breaking:

• the distance from the house to the sewer must be at least 7 meters;
• the distance from the well with drinking water to the sewer, depending on the ground rocks, should be from 30 to 60 meters;
• the distance from roads and paths to the sewerage system is more than 3 meters;
• the neighbor's fence must be at least 3 meters from the sewer;
• fruit trees, vegetable gardens and shrubs are also located at a distance of more than 3 meters;
• any reservoir should be at a distance of more than 10-20 meters from the septic tank.

If the place meets the requirements, then you can dig a pit for concrete structures. But it should be 20-30 centimeters larger than the size of the ring.

The remaining space will be sprinkled with cement and sand for better fixation.

If the place you have chosen has a high level of groundwater, then clay is the sprinkling.

Such material will serve as a reliable protection against groundwater, because it has a low throughput.

In general, it is worth considering the depth of groundwater. After all, it is important that the crude liquid does not fall into the volume of water.

Therefore, such stringent requirements are set for a large distance from the sewer to the wells.

Between the bottom of the sewer (even a high bottom) and the upper layer of groundwater, it is necessary to maintain a distance of at least one and a half meters.

In addition, the septic tank must be completely sealed to prevent mixing of waters.

Often, in such cases, a reinforced concrete pillow is also installed under the septic tank, and anchor straps are attached to it.

So the water level will be protected, and the sewer will not be pushed out. Also at the bottom of the pit, a layer of crushed stone is used from subsidence of the well to groundwater.

The installation scheme is as follows: the bottom is lowered onto a crushed stone pillow using a crane or a manipulator. Then concrete structures are installed on top.

All joints should be covered with concrete mortar. In the last compartment, holes are made for pipes that are needed, for example, for pumping.

Pumping equipment is a separate issue. Most often, special sewage firms are called to pump out waste, but their services are usually not cheap.

But if you properly equip the sewer, then you will need to call services for pumping out very rarely.

In addition, there is a certain plus of a septic tank with the possibility of settling liquids - they can be removed on their own.

To prevent the formation of plugs in the sewer that impede the pumping process, it is necessary not to forget to carry out preventive work.

For example, install gratings and manholes at all sewer outlets that can be removed when pumping out, and in normal times they will protect the sewer from unwanted things: debris, dirt, etc.

Pipe joints are treated with cement. After that, they are isolated with building silicone. Waterproofing plays a vital role here.

It is best to make it from the side of the inner walls, when the installation has already been completed.

You can safely choose from a large number of pastes, mastics and dry mixes. The main thing is to apply them in two or three layers.

After reading the article, you learned how to properly install the well, taking into account the depth of groundwater, in order to call services to pump out waste water as rarely as possible.

stoydiz.ru

How to make a septic tank from concrete rings with your own hands

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It is almost impossible to imagine a private house or cottage without drainage wells and outlet structures. A septic tank made of concrete rings is one of the most affordable structures of this type; it can be designed and installed by yourself with certain lifting equipment and knowledge.

Device

A drainage well, also known as a septic tank, is a special plumbing facility that is necessary for cleaning and settling wastewater. There are many types of such tanks, but concrete annular storage tanks are considered one of the most affordable and reliable. They do not give in to corrosion, do not react to temperature changes and perfectly tolerate physical exertion.

Structurally, such a septic tank consists of:

1. Lids. It protects the pit from outside contamination, and also provides the proper level of security;
2. reinforced concrete rings. They can be of different heights, the standard is 90 centimeters. The diameter of the ring is selected based on the needs of the owner of the house;
3. At the bottom, the same concrete product is laid as the lid, only of a smaller diameter. In some cases, this septic tank can be left open (without a bottom), then a certain percentage of the effluent enters the soil, thereby saving space in the tank.

In addition, the design is single-chamber and two-chamber. One chamber is an example of an all in septic tank, in other words, all cleaning processes are carried out only in it. It is small in size and easy to use. A single-chamber septic tank can be easily built on its own; a system of pipes and pipes located at different heights is used to pump water out of it. It has small volumes, so it is perfect for a bath or a summer shower, but not for a large house.

Single chamber septic tank

But, a two-chamber septic tank is more suitable for a summer residence or a private house. It is characterized by a high level of reliability and cleanliness. It has two chambers - one for primary treatment, the other for post-treatment. The first one receives water directly from the sewer, here the effluents settle for several days, after which they are pumped into the post-treatment tank using a pump or other device.

two-chamber septic tank

There is also a three-chamber (overflow) septic tank made of concrete or plastic rings. The use of this well is advisable if it is used not for one private house, but for several or for an industrial enterprise. Most often, biofilters are additionally installed in it for water purification with the help of microorganisms (anaerobic bacteria are mainly used).

JB rings

The principle of operation of any septic tank made of concrete rings is similar to a standard storage tank. Through the inlet pipe, the sewer transports wastewater into the tank. There they settle for several days, under the influence of gravity, large and solid sediments fall to the bottom. Liquid waste is filtered and transported through the outlet pipe to further use.

Installation

Installation of a septic tank made of concrete rings is quite difficult to do on your own, reviews say that you can’t do without lifting equipment or several assistants. At the same time, it will not be difficult to make these very rings - you just need to make a solution and pour it into a special form. Many experts recommend reinforcing containers. For successful design, you can use ready-made drawings.

Principal drawing

Scheme and instructions for installing a septic tank from concrete rings:

The dimensions of the pit for installing a septic tank exceed the diameter by an average of 5 centimeters (this depends on the thickness of the concrete rings). After that, bacteriological filters are installed. Pumps and outlets to the sewerage.

Related video:

You can buy ready-made kits for the installation of wells at any manufacturer of concrete and sanitary products.

Waterproofing and ventilation

The device of a septic tank made of concrete rings is not airtight, therefore, ventilation is necessarily developed to remove unpleasant sewer odors. For the efficient operation of the system, it is necessary to ensure the exhaust of gases arising from the processes of fermentation of wastewater. To prevent these aromas from getting into the fresh air, ventilation is led to the fan pipe.

Scheme of a well with an exhaust hood

Calculation and manufacture of ventilation for a septic tank from concrete rings:

1. The construction of ventilation begins after the installation of the entire storage system is completed. The main air pipe is attached to the cover and is brought out;
2. All ventilation consists of two parts: underground and ground. The first is a pipe with a diameter of not more than 100 mm, but if you have a well with a capacity of more than 4 cubes, then you need to take a slightly larger section. The second is installed above the ground and has a smaller diameter - 50-70 mm is enough;
3. Many experts recommend that these pipes be additionally insulated and protected with a mesh from penetration of leaves and other litter into the pipes;
4. The ground part of the ventilation must be above ground level and above the expected level of precipitation, otherwise the well will be filled through it during rains and floods.

On this, the arrangement of the ventilation pipe can be considered complete. Twice a year, its planned maintenance is provided - cleaning from litter and accumulations on the walls. Scheduled repairs are carried out every season (replacement of pipes in case of cracks).

Separately, it must be said about the waterproofing of the system. Concrete is not damaged by water, but it is highly absorbent, which can make the well work inefficient. To prevent this, it is recommended to make waterproofing for a septic tank from concrete rings.

resin sealing

To do this, after a trench is dug under it, and its bottom is compacted, a waterproofing film is laid on it. It will protect the structure from groundwater, no matter how deep the storage tank is installed. Such sealing will be very useful in areas with high GWL and heavy precipitation. To install a septic tank in swampy soils, it is recommended that the pit be concreted first, and then waterproofed.

www.kanalizaciya-stroy.ru

A septic tank made of concrete rings - how to do it yourself

Do-it-yourself filtration well or septic tank made of concrete rings (the diagram will be presented in the article below) performs the function of infiltration, that is, seepage of water from the system into the soil.

This design is usually installed in a recess and is a container with a wide area and a closed top. The use of such an infiltrator is characterized by the presence of pros and cons.

• Advantages of using in cottages
• Device
• Schemes and calculations
• Location selection
• foundation pit
• Installation of concrete rings

What is it and why is it needed

A septic tank is the best option for cleaning domestic wastewater for a country house.

There are many ways to install this design. Manufacturers have provided a variety of treatment systems on the market.

Home-made designs are quite difficult to adjust to the reliability standards of industrial septic tanks with a multi-stage filtration system. But the simplest design is easy to assemble on your own.

Advantages of using in cottages

Peculiarities:

1. Great filtration speed.
2. Shallow pit height for installation.
3. Requires free space on the site, which is not always possible to find.

Of course, when installing septic tanks, many owners of suburban areas resort to the services of specialists, but the process can be done by hand. You should first select and display a design diagram indicating all parametric characteristics.

The choice depends on the location of the site and its area, as well as the cost of water. For example, in the case of a high occurrence of groundwater, it is necessary to install a reinforced concrete slab to securely fix the septic tank in order to prevent possible lifting of the structure.

The difference between ready-made and homemade

The disadvantage of the purchased system is the high cost, but the work of high-quality structures takes place in a long-term format. Therefore, there are "Kulibins" who make treatment systems with their own hands.

Device

Let's look at the example of a septic tank made of concrete rings. This is an extremely simple design, since the structure is created from ready-made blocks. The septic tank itself is created from concrete rings, that is, a collector for settling wastewater, as well as a filtration well.

The system is installed as follows. A pit is being prepared, the parameters of which may vary depending on the size and depth. The bottom of the pit is poured with concrete, after which hardening, concrete rings are laid in the pit. Their joints are treated with sealant, which is also used for good bonding of the bottom with the walls of the structure.

Thus, a collector is created, from which effluents must enter the filtration well through special openings or sewer pipes. Pebbles, gravel or other inert drainage material is laid on the bottom. A concrete slab with an inspection hatch and a ventilation outlet is also laid on top. The structure can only be built with a truck crane, as concrete slabs are heavy.

Kinds

We list briefly:

1. The most common are reinforced concrete structures. This is one of the most durable types. They are prefabricated or monolithic.
2. From iron. Specifically stainless steel containers. An unpopular option, since they fail in a few years, and such material is several times more expensive than concrete.
3. Plastic installations of factory production. In terms of service life, even reinforced concrete can be surpassed, since there is nothing to dissolve inside.
4. By design, they are divided into single-chamber or two-chamber.

Construction: step by step instructions

Schemes and calculations

There are no technical plan formulas for this, and they are guided by the norms. And they are like this: the chambers should contain as much volume for processing as is consumed by all users of the system in three ordinary days.

It is important to know: before installation, the internal volumes of such structures must be calculated.

Location selection

It is important that the entire system works efficiently, and there are no domestic inconveniences. Therefore, before marking the selected territory, you need to make sure of the following:

1. We do not place the structure near a residential building. We retreat more than six meters from the foundations. It is allowed to dig near garages and other outbuildings.
2. In no case do we plan a future septic tank near sources of drinking water. The norm for such a distance is 50-60 meters.

foundation pit

The pit is prepared only after the calculation. Decide on the number of cameras:

1. When residents consume up to one cube of liquid, then you can safely install a single-chamber installation.
2. At a flow rate of 1.5 to 10 cubic meters of water, a pit should be dug already under a two-chamber system.
3. A value of more than 10 cubic meters leads to additional work: three chambers for a septic tank, sedimentation tanks and a filtration well.

It is necessary to mark the area for the pit in such a way that the length and width are slightly larger than the rings themselves, and the depth is on par with their number.

Installation of concrete rings

Most often, in the technology of installing a septic tank, rings with overflow are used. And it is very comfortable if you rent earth-moving and, of course, lifting equipment. Then the pit will be even, and the rings will stand exactly horizontally.

Before planting, it is most correct to shed the bottom of the pit if there is no product (ring) with the bottom already closed. Next, you need to install the rings alternately, leveling the distortions and shifts.

Please note: the correct design will be assembled only with the help of a crane and assistants.

Each joint in the rings must be shed with concrete. And only then do sealing. Seams outside and inside are best treated with bituminous mastic. But first cement (concrete), and then sealing.

Don't forget waterproofing. It is made from the outside and the inside. And at the same time, they organize holes for pipes in the septic tank. Where there will be camera connections, sealing is also needed.

And at the very end, the covers are installed. There is no such design without ventilation. And only she will help to kill unnecessary odors. Ventilation removes methane, and this is an explosive substance (gas). It includes a ventilation background riser that needs to be brought outside, and ordinary ventilation risers that are placed on the lids of finished tanks.

If necessary, it is not difficult to assemble a budget format design. And for the private sector without frills, only such septic tanks are needed. If you take care of hiring equipment in advance, then a lot of effort for construction will not be required.

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Comfortable living in a country or private house is impossible without summing up all the elements of infrastructure. If it is not possible to connect to the central water supply and wastewater disposal, then an autonomous sewer system is required.

The simplest and most reliable type of such structures is a septic tank assembled from concrete elements. Most often, such structures include several chambers. The dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage, their number and installation scheme may differ depending on the total volume of the septic tank, its location on the site, as well as the specifics of the soil and the height of groundwater.

General view of the structure

Most often, a septic tank made of concrete elements consists of three separate wells. With a sufficient depth of groundwater and the possibility of increasing the height of the structure, the number of chambers is sometimes reduced to two.

Essential elements

The general scheme of the septic tank can be represented as follows:

• receiving chamber - a well into which all wastewater from the house enters;
• secondary sump, which performs the function of additional purification of light wastewater;
• a filtering well through which almost completely purified water returns to the ground.

The installation of the first two chambers of the treatment plant is carried out on a concrete base, followed by sealing of all seams, which ensures the protection of the site from leakage of untreated effluents. For a filtering sewer well, installation is carried out with a drainage layer device for the gradual removal of treated effluents.

All chambers are interconnected by connecting pipes, and in the first well an opening is additionally prepared for the sewer pipe to enter from the house. In the upper part of all three compartments during installation, heavy hatches and additional rings with hatches are installed, providing technical access to the wells.

Advantages of the building

The advantages of such septic tanks include:

• reliability and structural strength;
• ease of installation and maintenance;
• the low cost of the entire structure.

But it should be noted that when installing such a treatment plant in a private house, it is worth considering several nuances. The concrete septic tank is not airtight, so smell can spread from it. Yes, and with a slight depth of groundwater, this option may be ineffective.

Calculation of the future septic tank

When drawing up a scheme for future sewage, several factors must be taken into account:

• the number of permanent residents;
• the volume of the selected type of reinforced concrete ring;
• the minimum term for wastewater treatment is 3 days.

It is in the bookmark of the number of inhabitants of a private house or cottage that the main mistakes most often occur. It must be remembered that the calculation must be based on the largest number of people, including those temporarily present. After all, if the septic tank is designed for the needs of a family of three, and guests come to them, then the system may not be able to cope with the volume of effluents.

Regulatory data

The normative consumption of water per day per person is 200 liters. Thus, the number of people is multiplied by 0.2 m3 and then tripled. If the system must withstand the load of water consumption by 5 people, then the daily discharge can reach 1 cubic meter, and the required volume reserve for three days involves an increase in the septic tank wells to 3 m3.

The number of concrete rings is calculated based on the volume of the chambers. The standard ring holds 0.6 - 0.62 m3, so the required volume of the septic tank must be divided by the capacity of the ring. In addition, three rings should be added to create technical chambers.

It should be remembered that even with a small number of people, the height of the well must be at least 1.2 meters (2 rings). For normal sedimentation of solid particles from primary effluents, the water column above the solid sediment must be at least 1 m.

Installation of a septic tank from concrete elements

After carrying out the basic calculations, it is necessary to develop a layout of the sewer system. According to existing standards, the septic tank must be located at least 5 m from the boundaries of the site, 10 m from the house to prevent undermining the foundation, and also 30 m from the nearest surface reservoir.

Do not forget that the maximum distance from the source of water supply is also required. If there is a slope on the site, the septic tank must be located below the drinking water intake point. After choosing a location, the installation of a treatment plant for a private house or cottage is carried out in several stages.

Soil development

When installing a septic tank that includes several chambers, it is best to prepare one common pit. To carry out all the work, it is economically more expedient to hire special equipment. In this case, the development of the soil will take no more than 2 - 3 hours.

The installation of the receiving chamber and the sump must be carried out on a concrete base to prevent the flow of raw sewage. Therefore, the bottom of the pit at the installation sites of these wells is rammed, a layer of roofing material is laid as a waterproofing and a small pedestal is poured.

At the installation site of the filtration well, the soil is not rammed, part of it is replaced with a crushed stone pillow, the height of which should be at least 50 cm. Such a filter made of coarse aggregate will allow water to freely go into the ground, and will also serve for final water purification.

Creating cameras

When installing the rings, you will also need special lifting equipment, such as a small truck crane or manipulator. First, the skeleton of each well is assembled by setting the estimated number of rings. For a better connection, the rings can be laid on mortar or special glue.

The joints of the rings with each other and with the base are carefully sealed with mortar. For additional waterproofing, liquid glass can be added to the mixture at the rate of 10 g of additive for every 1 kg of cement.

For additional protection of the well, it is better to treat the joints of the elements with mastics or coloring composites for waterproofing from the outside and inside. Such a finish will not interfere with the entire body of the well.

On top of each chamber, special reinforced concrete covers with holes for a hatch and a ventilation pipe are installed.

Connecting cameras into a single system

After installing the rings, it is necessary to connect all the elements of the septic tank into a single structure. To facilitate pipe routing, it is best to order rings with side holes. Otherwise, niches for the pipeline can be prepared using a special crown for concrete with a diameter of at least 114 mm or manually.

It must be remembered that the septic tank of the rings is designed for independent movement of drains, so the installation of pipes must be carried out very carefully. In the receiving chamber, the sewer pipe must be laid with a slope of 2 cm for each meter of length. That is why you can not take the sewer too far from the house.

The connecting pipes between the chambers must be located below the inlet level of the main drains, otherwise the flow will cycle and the septic tank will stop working. The entry points of all pipes must be carefully sealed with mortar and additionally treated with waterproofing and sealing compound.

Backfilling a septic tank

After installation of all elements of the system, backfilling of the pit is carried out. For these purposes, it is also best to hire special equipment, because manual labor will require no less payment than renting a tractor with a bucket or a loader.

It is necessary to fill the septic tank with soil removed during the construction of the pit. With a high clay content, you can add a little sand that can be more evenly distributed around the structure. After the filling is completed, the septic tank is ready for use.

With the correct calculation and installation, a septic tank made of concrete rings can become a very effective and inexpensive treatment system for a country or private house, which will serve its owners for at least 50 years.

Diseases develop as a result of the ingress of pathogenic bacteria and viruses into the human body. Doctors advise to follow a simple rule that will be the key to a healthy lifestyle - wash your hands. But, besides this, it is necessary to remove garbage and drain wastewater in a timely manner. Where there is a central sewer, this does not cause any difficulties. But in a country house or in a country house, where the infrastructure is less developed, you may need sewerage from concrete rings. This is one of the easiest and most reliable ways to dispose of sewage. Why concrete rings were chosen as the basis and what are the design solutions? This will be discussed in the article.

Concrete rings as a base

Before the widespread use of concrete rings in the construction of septic tanks, car tires were used to strengthen the walls, as well as oak boards. But more often the choice falls on concrete rings for sewerage due to such reasons:

• affordable cost;
• high assembly speed;
• high strength of the material;
• availability of all components for assembly;
• resistance of concrete to chemically active substances and corrosion.

The disadvantages are not so critical, but can increase the cost of the overall project. For example, for the transportation and installation of concrete rings, special equipment will be required. And if the house is far from the city, then it will cost a pretty penny. Water easily seeps through concrete due to its hygroscopicity. Thus, sewage can easily enter the groundwater. To prevent such processes, it is necessary to take care of the high-quality waterproofing of the mine.

In addition to the rings themselves, there are various accessories for them. Most of the rings are supplied through without a bottom. But there are also options with a bottom so that the liquid does not leave, but remains in the container. If necessary, it is easy to purchase additional rings. They may be needed when the depth of the pit is not divided into an even number of rings. Separately, you can purchase a floor slab, which will be mounted on a pit if it is located on the territory where cars are parked. To close the upper end, a cover with a hole for the hatch is used. The dimensions will depend on which hole is required, according to the calculations, so this will be discussed below.

Location selection

This is one of the important stages that is carried out before the installation of a local sewage system. The choice of location should be approached very responsibly. If this is not done, then the consequence may be the return of sewage to the house due to the overflow of the sewer both by the sewage itself and by storm water. Possibility of contamination of nearby drinking water wells. Another unpleasant consequence can be an unpleasant smell that will fill the house on a hot or windy day. On the territory of your yard, you need to find a place that:

• will be at least 7 meters away from the house;
• will be removed from the well at least 30 meters;
• will be removed from other water bodies at least 30 meters;
• will not be closer to the roadway than 3 meters;
• will be located at least three meters from the neighbor's fence;
• will not be closer than three meters to the garden and garden, as well as to fruit trees.

Advice! An excellent option would be a case in which the courtyard area is slightly sloping, and the house is located on a hill. Then it is easy to place the sewer a little lower, and the water will quickly leave the house.

Settlement work

First of all, it is necessary to decide which sewage system for a private house made of concrete rings will be implemented. There are at least four types:

• sewerage with a filtering bottom;
• sewerage with a sealed bottom;
• septic tank with several chambers;
• septic tank with filtration fields.

The first is an ordinary pit made of concrete rings of the required size, at the bottom of which a special filter pad is installed. Thanks to her, sewage remains inside, and clean water goes into the ground. The disadvantage of such a sewage system is the need for periodic filter replacement. The second type of sewage is structurally similar to the first, but a sealed ring is installed at the bottom. A septic tank with multiple filtration chambers is a very effective solution. There are ready-made models that can be purchased and reduce planning time. At the outlet, water with purification up to 99%. If filtering fields are also provided, then the efficiency increases.

The sewer calculation form is very simple. Everything will depend on the number of people staying at the same time per day. If each of them plans to take a shower at least once, then the figure of 200 liters per one is taken as the basis. For the stock, it is tripled, because the preliminary settling of waste is three days. During this time, bacteria have time to process most of the waste. The result is 1800 liters or almost 2 m 3. If it is planned to install a local sewage system with several cameras, then the volume is divided between each of them. In a two-chamber solution, the second accounts for a quarter of the total volume, and the first ¾ of the total volume. In the case when there are three cameras, then the figure after the calculation is divided by 3 and this will be the volume of each of them.

Sewer installation

For installation work, the dimensions of concrete rings for sewerage are selected depending on the volume and planned depth. If you use rings with a diameter of 2 m, then the depth can be halved compared to rings with a diameter of 1 m. After choosing a specific place, it is better to sit down and sketch out a small diagram indicating the sequence of work being done. From the main tool and accessories you will need:

• shovel or special equipment;
• lifting crane;
• concrete composition for joints;
• bituminous waterproofing;
• crushed stone and sand for a pillow;
• pipe for ventilation;
• floor slab;
• hatch with a cover;
• ring with a bottom, for a sealed pit.

It is better to carry out work on the installation of local sewerage in the warm season, before heavy rains come. They will not only complicate the whole process, but also fill the future sewer.

Single chamber sealed septic tank

A sealed septic tank will be an excellent solution in cases where groundwater is close to the surface or clay prevails in the soil. The latter will block the outflow and filtration of water from the local sewer, which will lead to its overflow and the need for pumping. The first step is to dig a pit. Its size is made with a margin of 20 cm relative to the diameter of the ring. This will subsequently facilitate further work on the installation of sewage. The bottom is leveled and rammed. To do this, you can use a manual or electric rammer. Several supports are made of bricks and a mesh of reinforcement is laid out. Its length and width should be 10 cm more than the diameter of the ring. It is poured to form a monolithic slab.

In parallel with the work on preparing the pit for sewerage, a trench is being dug under the pipe. Its depth should be such that the pipe is below the freezing level of the soil. If this is not possible, then you will need to lay a heating cable that will prevent the water from freezing and insulate the channel. Installation of a sewer pipe is carried out under a slope, which is 3 cm per linear meter. It is at this value that the masses will not linger, and the water will not leave too quickly. If cars move around the area above the pipe, then it is better to lay them in a metal or concrete sleeve, since the soil, having shifted, can damage the system.

A ring with a bottom is mounted on a standing sewer pillow. All the following are stacked on it, usually there are three or more of them. It is better to take a design for sewerage with locking ends. Such rings are easier to join. Sewer seams are sealed with a cement-sand mixture or Penetron. From the inside, all sewer rings are covered with several layers of bituminous mastic, which will close the pores of the concrete and prevent water from seeping through. In the ring through which the pipe from the house will enter, a hole is made under it. The channel is laid in its place and covered with earth. The space around the sewer pit is covered with gravel or sand and well rammed.

The cover under the hatch and the hatch itself are mounted on top. In the process of sewage processing, natural gas methane appears in the places of their accumulation. If it is not removed in a timely manner, then it can serve as an explosion. To prevent this from happening, ventilation is done. To do this, a hole is drilled in the upper floor slab for a sewer pipe. It is fixed in such a way that its upper part is more than 70 cm above the ground level. A visor is fixed on top, which will prevent rainwater from entering.

Note! With regard to a sealed sewer pit, the rule for calculating the number of people, which was mentioned above, does not apply. For such a sewer, the larger the size, the better. This is due to the fact that all drains remain inside and are not processed.

A septic tank with a filter bottom is assembled in the same way as a sewer from concrete rings, the diagram of which was given above. But there are some nuances:

• A concrete slab is not laid at the bottom, which will support the entire structure. Instead, a depth margin of 60 cm is made.
• Medium-grained sand is laid on the prepared place with a layer of 30 cm. It is well rammed. The same layer of rubble is poured on top of it.
• Holes are made in the sewer rings over the entire area using a perforator. Through them, filtration will also occur and excess water will leave.
• There is no need to waterproof the sewer with bituminous mastic.
• For this type of sewage, calculations are applied regarding how much water should go per person per day.

In order not to lose the useful capacity of the cesspool, you should not make sewers above the ground surface. The topmost sewer ring must be recessed at least 30 cm. It is with this arrangement that the sewer can be filled to the maximum. A video on the installation of such a sewer is given below:

Multi-chamber septic tank

Multi-chamber local sewerage combines the two previous types. The essence of the functioning of such a sewage system is that solid residues decompose in the first chamber due to anaerobic bacteria, and in the following chambers the water undergoes final cleaning and is absorbed into the soil. If two containers are initially provided, then the first of them is made with a sealed bottom and without air access. Three or more, then everything is made hermetic, except for the last one. Each branch of the sewer is connected to the next one by means of a sewer pipe. The sewerage system operates according to the overflow method. A video about the nuances of such a sewer can be viewed below:

When the first pit is filled, the solids settle and are recycled. Dirty water, but without heavy impurities, flows into the second compartment. There, additional cleaning takes place and the liquid flows into the third sewage tank. The latter is made according to the principle of a septic tank with a filtering bottom. It is here that the most purified water passes through a filter of crushed stone and sand and is absorbed into the ground. Installation work is similar to those already described. A diagram of the finished design of such a sewer is given below.

Note! In the case of clay soil, into which water is poorly absorbed, it is not enough just to make a sewer from concrete rings. From the third sewage chamber, a conclusion is made to the filter fields that are on the surface. They are a mound of sand and gravel over a certain area. It is on them that the final wastewater treatment takes place, followed by partial evaporation and absorption.

Conclusion

As you can see, if there is no central sewer supply in a country house, then you can build your own mini-treatment facilities. Such sewerage from concrete rings will last for a long time. If this is a multi-level septic tank, then pumping is most often needed for the first sewer capacity. For the second, this process will be carried out less frequently, and for the third, it will not be needed at all.

It is no secret that one of the most difficult stages in the construction of a modern private house is sewage equipment. There are many proposals for arranging such a system on the building materials market. Let's dwell on the most affordable option in terms of cost and complexity - do-it-yourself sewerage from concrete rings.

Advantages and disadvantages

Let's define the strengths and weaknesses of the sewerage device from concrete rings.

Advantages:

• Fast installation and easy sealing of joints.
• The combination of metal reinforcement with concrete is much stronger than brickwork.
• The service life of rings is much longer than many other materials.
• Initially, the correct round shape of the structure, which is extremely difficult to repeat when laying bricks.
• Convenience of carrying out isolation from external moisture.

Flaws:

• An impressive amount of detail. You have to use technology.
• Manual movement of the rings over the territory is excluded to prevent cracking from their rolling.

A site that does not have permanent residents does not require the installation of a complex sewerage system. For a small amount of drains, a cesspool will be enough.

By the way: in contrast to the constant height of 0.9 m, reinforced concrete rings are produced in different widths. Most often, rings from 0.7 m to 2 m are used for sewerage of a private house, based on the intensity of filling. The average indicator among the various options is the installation of 3-4 rings one meter in diameter.

Necessary materials:

• Three rings 1x0.9 m.
• The usual mixture of sand and cement for pouring the bottom of the pit and sealing the junctions of adjacent rings and the cover.
• Blanks for equipment of a not too massive foundation for rings, no more than two bricks.
• Cover made of concrete, equipped with a hatch.

First of all, a pit is prepared, taking into account the radius tolerance to speed up the laying. The base is poured along the contour of the concrete rings and the bottom of the pit.

After sufficient drying of the bottom (from 3 to 5 days), rings are installed. Since the laying of the rings is possible only with the presence of construction equipment, it is necessary to provide in advance free passage and a place for placing the equipment.

Once again about the need for tolerances in the dimensions of the pit. If the markup is incorrect, the overrun of the equipment rental time will lead to an increase in costs.

Upon completion of the installation of the rings, the inner surface is sealed by applying plaster. This prevents untreated effluents from entering the ground. Then a pipe is laid from the building, a concrete cover is mounted, a ventilation pipe 0.4-0.6 m high is installed.

The pit can be put into operation. Now you need to clean it every 6 months using the services of municipal equipment.

Thus, we figured out. The process is quite laborious, but simple.

The next issue will be the equipment of a more modern, independent drainage system for a summer cottage.

For a country house where the family lives permanently, using water in full, it is necessary to equip a sewerage system, supplemented by a septic tank and a filtration well.

Visually, such a system looks like this (see Fig.)

The element layout is as follows:

It is necessary to prepare:

• Three rings 1x0.9 m.
• Cement-sand mixture for concreting the bottom of the pit and the joints of adjacent rings and the cover.
• Material for pouring the foundation for the rings.
• Sand in the amount necessary for pouring 0.5 m of the pillow.
• Gravel in the amount necessary to create a 0.2 m layer between the sand layer and the well; 0.2 m of external sprinkling from the bottom level with a height of 0.9 m.
• Cover made of concrete with a place for a hatch.

The functional load on the well for filtration is to divert treated effluents directly into the ground.

Wastewater through the sewer pipe from the building passes into a septic tank, equipped according to the scheme of the drain pit. In its volume, the separation of insoluble components occurs. The septic tank is carried out with mandatory isolation from the premature release of liquid into the soil, ranging in size from 3 to 4 cubic meters per 4 living people with an average amount of water use of 150 liters per day for each.

If there is a sewer riser in the building, the septic tank is ventilated through it and the installation of an additional pipe is optional. The dimensions of the sewer pipe must comply with the accepted standard, at least 10 cm in diameter. The digging depth is about 120 cm.

The minimum slope of the sewer for the passage of liquid waste through the pipe is 20 mm, the maximum is 50 mm for every 100 cm of the pipe, which makes it necessary to foresee the depth of digging in sewer wells in advance.

According to the requirements of SNIP, a septic tank can be located at a distance of at least 5-20 m from the dwelling and 20 m from the place of water intake in the presence of soil with a predominance of clay, and 50 m in soil with a high sand content.

The transition from the septic tank to the well for filtration is equipped below the point where the pipe enters the septic tank from the building by 50-150 mm.

Installation of a well for filtration

The pit for the well for filtration must be deepened to the sandy layer. If not possible, a drainage field is placed.

Work sequence:

• A sand cushion of 0.5 m is poured and rammed.
• Gravel 0.2 m is located on top.
• The bottom ring with drainage holes is being prepared for installation.
• The ring is installed by a crane on a prepared place.
• The following rings are mounted, interconnected. It is not necessary to seal the joints.
• The outer side of the rings is covered with gravel to the height of the drainage holes to protect them from overlapping with soil.
• An overflow pipe is installed from the septic tank to the well.
• From above, the entire system is covered with a concrete lid and a layer of earth.

The result is the following construction:

After the work, liquid waste, flowing from the dwelling to, leaves an insoluble sediment in it, the purified water enters the drainage well, where it is absorbed into the soil. The difference between the levels of the bottom of the well and the nearest aquifer should be more than a meter.

By the way: manholes in sewerage wells should be protected as much as possible from accidental falling of people there.