Metal stairs to the roof

MINISTRY OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

STATE FIRE SERVICE

FIRE SAFETY STANDARDS

EXTERNAL FIRE LADERS
STATIONARY AND ROOF GUARDS.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.
METHODS TESTS

FIXEDFIRE LADDERS TO BE INSTALLED OUTSIDE BUILDINGS.
BUILDINGS ROOF RAILINGS.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.
TEST METHODS

NPB245-2001

MOSCOW 2001

Developed by the Federal State Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs Russian Federation(FGU VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) (K. Yu. Yakovenko, V.V. Krasnobaev, A. I. Smirnov) and the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (GUGPSMVD of Russia) (Yu. D. Sergeev, A. A. Bondarev).

Submitted and prepared for approval by the regulatory and technical department of the Main Directorate of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (GUGPSMVD of Russia).

They are introduced instead of NPB245-97.

Introduction date 04/01/2002

1 AREA OF USE

1.1. These fire safety standards * apply to fire metal ladders installed permanently outside residential, industrial, public buildings and structures, including evacuation ladders, which are used by fire departments to climb roofs and attics, as well as to railings on the roofs of buildings to ensure the safety of work.

1.2. These standards establish general technical requirements for stairs and roof railings of buildings and methods for their operational testing.

1.3. These standards are applied during operational tests of external fire escapes and roof railings of buildings in accordance with the requirements of PPB 01 "Fire Safety Rules in the Russian Federation" and can be applied at the stage of object acceptance.

2. GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.2. The placement of fire escapes must comply with the requirements of the current regulatory documents.

2.3. The structures of stairs and railings must be primed and painted according to VII class in accordance with GOST 9.032 . Structural elements of stairs and railings must be securely attached to each other, and the structure as a whole is securely attached to the wall and roof of the building. The presence of cracks in the backlog of beams in the wall, metal breaks and structural deformations are not allowed.

2.4. Welded seams of metal stairs and railings must meet GOST 5264.

2.5. The step of the ladder must withstand a test load of 1.8 kN (180 kgf) applied to its middle and directed vertically downwards.

2.6. The beam for attaching the vertical ladder to the wall of the building must withstand the test load R ball, determined by the formula

,(1)

where H- ladder height, m;X- the number of beams with which the ladder is attached to the wall, pcs.; K 1- coefficientthe client, numerically equal to the height of the section of the stairs occupied by one person (fireman), m, is taken equal to 2.5;K 2- maximum load, created by one person (firefighter), is taken equal to 1.2 kN (120 kgf);K 3 - safety factor, taken equal to 1.5.

2.7. The flight of stairs must withstand the test load R march, determined by the formula

,(2)

where L- the length of the flight of stairs, m; K 2- the maximum load created by one person (fireman) is assumed to be 1.2 kN (120 kgf); K 3- safety factor, taken equal to 1.5; K 4-coefficient numerically equal to the value of the projection of a person on the horizontal, m, is taken equal to 0.5;X- the number of beams, with the help of which the ladder is attached to the wall, pcs.; α - the angle of inclination of the plane of the stairs to the horizontal.

The platform must be capable of withstanding the test load. R area, determined by the formula

,(3)

where S- the area of the landing of the stairs, m 2; K 2- the maximum load created by one person (fireman) is assumed to be 1.2 kN (120 kgf); K 3- safety factor is taken equal to 1.5; K 4- coefficient, numerically equal to the value of the projection of a person on the horizontal, m 2, is taken equal to 0.5;X- the number of beams with which the ladder is attached to the wall, pcs.

2.8. Fences of stairs and roofs of buildings must withstand a load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) applied horizontally.

3. NOMENCLATURE OF INDICATORS

3.1. The scope of tests and inspections of external fixed stairs, their railings, as well as roof railings of buildings is presented in the table.

3.2. The nomenclature of the parameters of stairs and railings checked during the testing process is given in the table.

3.3. The workloads that the load-bearing elements of the stairs must withstand are indicated in the table.

3.4. Outdoor fire escapes and railings on the roofs of buildings and structures are subject to testing upon acceptance of the building or structure or at the request of the organization responsible for operation. In addition, outdoor fire escapes and railings on the roofs of buildings and structures must be kept in good condition and at least once a year a visual check of the integrity of the structure must be carried out. In case of detection of violations of the integrity of the structure, they are restored (repaired) with a subsequent strength test. Strength tests must be carried out at least once every five years.

Tests should be carried out by organizations that have the appropriate license, test equipment and measuring tool with certificates and the results of their verifications.

Table 1

No. p / p	Nomenclature of tests and inspections	The need for testing
No. p / p	Nomenclature of tests and inspections	at the stage of acceptance	operational (at least once every five years)
	Basic Dimension Check
	Checking the limit deviations of dimensions and shapes

Note : "+" tests are carried out, "-" tests are not carried out.

table 2

No. p / p	Nomenclature of parameters of stairs and railings	Paragraphs of these rules
No. p / p	Nomenclature of parameters of stairs and railings	OTT	Test Methods
	Ladder height H
	Ladder length L
	Ladder width AT
	step height
	Step width
	Diagonal inequality
	Stair railing dimensions
	Height of the fence of the exit to the roof
	Visual check of the integrity of structures and their fastenings
	Quality checking protective coatings
	Checking the quality of welds
	Checking stair placement requirements
	Stair rung strength test
	Strength testing of ladder fastening beams
	Strength testing of platforms and flights of stairs
	Strength tests of stair railings
	Strength testing of building roof fencing

Table 3

____________

*Excluding safety factor.

3.5. The results of testing the structures of stairs and roof railings installed on buildings and structures are considered satisfactory if they meet the requirements of this document.

3.6. If unsatisfactory results are obtained for any of the indicators, repeated tests or checks are carried out only after the malfunctions have been eliminated.

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. Tests are carried out in daytime under conditions of visual visibility by testers of each other, in normal climatic conditions at a wind speed of not more than 10 m/s.

4.2. The test site must be fenced off and marked with warning signs. The control panel with visual tracking of the value of the test load must be located beyond its border.

4.3. Strength tests of structures are "static", the values of the test loads are selected from the condition of the possible maximum loading of the structure with a certain margin of safety equal to 1.5.

4.4. The test load must be created in any way that excludes the presence of a person directly under the tested structure (for example, a winch with a gearbox and an electric drive, a pump with a hydraulic cylinder, etc.).

4.5. Compliance of the structures of stairs and railings with the requirements of clause check visually using a measuring tool (tape measure, ruler, etc.). Limit deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values specified in GOST 25772.

4.6. Fulfillment of paragraph checked visually according to SNiP 21.01.

4.7. Quality control of welded joints (p. ) is produced visually in accordance with GOST 5264 and SNiP 3.03.01.

4.8. Quality of protective coatings against corrosion (p. ) is checked visually in accordance with GOST 9.032 and GOST 9.302 . Priming and painting of structures must comply with V coverage class.

4.9. The strength of the steps of vertical and mid-flight stairs is checked by applying a vertically downward load of 1.8 kN (180 kgf) to the middle of the step (Appendix, picture ). The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no residual deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

Every fifth step of the ladder is subject to testing.

4.10. The strength of the beam for attaching the vertical ladder to the wall of the building (Appendix, picture ) is checked by applying vertically downwards a load of magnitudePball, calculated by the formula ( ), at the point where the beam is attached to the stairs.

4.11. The strength of the flight of stairs is checked by applying a load R march, calculated by the formula ( ) applied vertically down its middle (application, picture ).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

4.12. The strength of the landing of the stairs is checked by applying a distributed load R area(Appendix, picture ), calculated by the formula ( ).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and damage to the integrity of the structure.

4.13. The strength of the vertical ladder railing is checked by applying a horizontal load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) at points located at a distance of no more than 1.5 m from each other along the entire height of the ladder.

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and damage to the integrity of the structure.

4.14. The strength of the railings of the march and the platform of the march stairs is checked by applying a horizontal load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) to each railing (appendix

FIXED FIRE LADDERS TO BE INSTALLED OUTSIDE BUILDINGS.
BUILDINGS ROOF RAILINGS.
GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS.
TEST METHODS

NPB 245-2001

MOSCOW 2001

Developed by the Federal State Institution "All-Russian Order of the Badge of Honor" Research Institute of Fire Defense" of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (FGU VNIIPO of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) (K. Yu. Yakovenko, V. V. Krasnobaev, A. I. Smirnov) and the Chief Department of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation (GUGPS of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia) (Yu. D. Sergeev, A. A. Bondarev).

1.2. These rules establish general technical requirements to ladders and railings of roofs of buildings and methods of their operational testing.

2. GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS

2.1. The main dimensions of fire external fixed stairs (hereinafter referred to as the stairs) and fencing of the roofs of buildings (hereinafter referred to as the fences) must comply with the requirements set forth in technical documentation for their manufacture.

2.2. The placement of fire escapes must comply with the requirements of current regulatory documents.

2.3. The structures of stairs and railings must be primed and painted according to class VII in accordance with GOST 9.032. Structural elements of stairs and railings must be securely attached to each other, and the structure as a whole is securely attached to the wall and roof of the building. The presence of cracks in the backlog of beams in the wall, metal breaks and structural deformations are not allowed.

2.4. Welds metal stairs and fences must comply with GOST 5264.

2.5. The step of the ladder must withstand a test load of 1.8 kN (180 kgf) applied to its middle and directed vertically downwards.

2.6. Beam fastening the vertical ladder to the wall of the building must withstand the test load R ball, determined by the formula

, (1)

where H- ladder height, m; X- the number of beams with which the ladder is attached to the wall, pcs.; K 1- coefficient numerically equal to the height of the section of the stairs occupied by one person (fireman), m, is taken equal to 2.5; K 2- the maximum load created by one person (fireman) is assumed to be 1.2 kN (120 kgf); K3- safety factor, taken equal to 1.5.

2.7. The flight of stairs must withstand the test load R march, determined by the formula

, (2)

where L- the length of the flight of stairs, m; K 2- the maximum load created by one person (fireman) is assumed to be 1.2 kN (120 kgf); K 3- safety factor, taken equal to 1.5; K 4- coefficient numerically equal to the value of the projection of a person on the horizontal, m, is taken equal to 0.5; X- the number of beams with which the ladder is attached to the wall, pcs.; ? - the angle of inclination of the plane of the stairs to the horizontal.

The landing of the stairs must withstand the test load R area, determined by the formula

, (3)

where S- the area of the landing of the stairs, m 2; K 2- the maximum load created by one person (fireman) is assumed to be 1.2 kN (120 kgf); K 3- safety factor, taken equal to 1.5; K 4- coefficient numerically equal to the value of the projection of a person on the horizontal, m 2, is taken equal to 0.5; X- the number of beams with which the ladder is attached to the wall, pcs.

2.8. Railings of stairs and roofs of buildings must withstand a load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) applied horizontally.

3. NOMENCLATURE OF INDICATORS

3.1. The scope of tests and inspections of external stationary stairs, their fences, as well as roof fences of buildings is presented in table 1.

3.2. The nomenclature of the parameters of stairs and railings checked during the testing process is given in Table 2.

3.3. The working loads that the load-bearing elements of the stairs must withstand are shown in table 3.

3.4. External fire escapes and railings on the roofs of buildings and structures are subject to testing upon acceptance of the building or structure or at the request of the organization responsible for operation. In addition, outdoor fire escapes and railings on the roofs of buildings and structures should be kept in good condition and at least once a year, a visual inspection of the integrity of the structure should be carried out. In case of detection of violations of the integrity of the structure, they are restored (repaired) with a subsequent test for strength. Strength tests must be carried out at least once every five years.

Tests should be carried out by organizations that have the appropriate license, test equipment and measuring instruments with certificates and the results of their verification.

Table 1

Nomenclature of tests and inspections	The need for testing
Nomenclature of tests and inspections	at the stage of acceptance	operational (at least once every five years)
Basic Dimension Check
Checking the limit deviations of dimensions and shapes

Note: "+" tests are carried out, "-" tests are not carried out.

table 2

Nomenclature of parameters of stairs and railings	Paragraphs of these rules
Nomenclature of parameters of stairs and railings		Test Methods
Ladder height H
Ladder length L
Ladder width AT
step height
Step width
Diagonal inequality
Stair railing dimensions
Height of the fence of the exit to the roof
Visual check of the integrity of structures and their fastenings
Checking the quality of protective coatings
Checking the quality of welds
Checking stair placement requirements
Stair rung strength test
Strength testing of ladder fastening beams
Strength testing of platforms and flights of stairs
Strength tests of stair railings
Strength testing of building roof fencing

Table 3

*Excluding safety factor.

3.5. The results of testing the structures of stairs and roof railings installed on buildings and structures are considered satisfactory if they comply with the requirements of this document.

3.6. If unsatisfactory results are obtained for any of the indicators, repeated tests or checks are carried out only after the malfunctions have been eliminated.

4. TEST METHODS

4.1. Tests are carried out in the daytime in conditions of visual visibility by the testers of each other, in normal climatic conditions at a wind speed of not more than 10 m/s.

4.2. The test site must be fenced off and marked with warning signs. The control panel with visual tracking of the test load value must be located outside its boundary.

4.3. Strength tests of structures are "static", the values of the test loads are selected from the condition of the maximum possible loading of the structure with a certain margin of safety equal to 1.5.

4.5. Compliance of the structures of stairs and railings with the requirements of clause 2.1 is checked visually using a measuring tool (tape measure, ruler, etc.). Limit deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in GOST 25772.

4.6. Compliance with clause 2.2 is checked visually in accordance with SNiP 21.01.

4.7. The quality control of the seams of welded joints (clause 2.4) is carried out visually in accordance with GOST 5264 and SNiP 3.03.01.

4.8. The quality of protective coatings against corrosion (clause 2.3) is checked visually in accordance with GOST 9.032 and GOST 9.302. The primer and painting of structures must comply with the V class of coverage.

4.9. The strength of the steps of vertical and mid-flight stairs is checked by applying a vertically downward load of 1.8 kN (180 kgf) to the middle of the step (Appendix 1, Figure 1). The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

Every fifth rung of the ladder is subject to testing.

4.10. The strength of the beam fastening the vertical ladder to the wall of the building (Appendix 1, Figure 2) is checked by applying a vertically downward load of P ball, calculated by formula (1), at the point where the beam is attached to the stairs.

4.11. The strength of the flight of stairs is checked by applying a load R march calculated by formula (2) applied vertically down its middle (Appendix 1, Figure 3).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

4.12. The strength of the landing of the stairs is checked by applying a distributed load R area(Appendix 1, Figure 4), calculated by formula (3).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

4.14. The strength of the railings of the march and the platform of the march stairs is checked by applying a horizontal load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) to each railing (Appendix 1, Figure 5).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

4.15. The strength of the fencing of the roofs of buildings is checked by applying a horizontal load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) at points located at a distance of no more than 10 m from each other along the entire perimeter of the building.

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

5. PRESENTATION OF TEST RESULTS

5.1. During the tests, a test report is drawn up (Appendix 2).

5.2. If, as a result of tests during visual inspection, cracks or rupture of welded joints (seams) and residual deformations are found, then the tested structure is considered to have failed the test.

5.3. Information about faulty outdoor stairs (not tested) must be brought to the attention of the personnel of the fire department, in the exit area of \u200b\u200bwhich the object is located, and also indicated on the staircase structure itself (information about its malfunction).

5.4. Based on the test results, a conclusion is drawn up on the compliance of the staircase or roof railing of the building with the requirements of these standards.

6. REGULATORY REFERENCES

GOST 9.032-74 Paint coatings. Groups, technical requirements and designations.

GOST 9.302-88 Metallic and non-metallic coatings. Control methods.

GOST 5264-80 Manual arc welding. Welded connections.

GOST 25772-83 Steel railings for stairs, balconies and roofs. General technical requirements.

SNiP 3.03.01-87 Metal structures.

SNiP 21.01-97 Fire safety buildings and structures.

ATTACHMENT 1
(reference)

APPENDIX 2
(reference)

"___" _________________ 200

PROTOCOL No. ____

1. _________________________________________________________________________

(name of the tested object)

2. _________________________________________________________________________

(characteristics of the test object: ladder length (m),

the number of steps in the stairs, the number of fixings for fastening the stairs to the wall,

___________________________________________________________________________

stair railing)

3. Test conditions _____________________________________________

4. Means of testing _____________________________________________________________

5. visual inspection stairs _______________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________

6. Calculation of the load on the stairs:

7. Test results

8. Conclusions on the test results:

The tests were carried out:

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FIRE FIGHTING EQUIPMENT- FIRE OUTER STATIONARY FIRE LADDERS- ROOF GUARDS- GENERAL TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS- TEST METHODS-... Relevant in 2017

6. Test methods

6.1. Nomenclature of indicators

6.1.1. The scope of tests and inspections of external fixed stairs, their railings, as well as roof railings of buildings is presented in Table 2.

table 2

Nomenclature of tests and inspections	The need for testing
Nomenclature of tests and inspections	at the stage of acceptance	operational (at least once every five years)
1. Checking the main dimensions	+	+
2. Checking the limit deviations of dimensions and shapes	+	+
3. Visual check of the integrity of structures and their fastenings	+	+
4. Checking the quality of welds	+	+
5. Checking the quality of protective coatings	+	+
6. Verify stair placement requirements	+	+
7. Stair rung strength test	+	+
8. Strength testing of ladder fastening beams	+	+
9. Testing platforms and flights of stairs for strength	+	+
10. Strength testing of stair railings	+	+
11. Strength testing of building roof railings	+	+

6.1.2. The nomenclature of the parameters of stairs and railings checked during the testing process is given in Table 3.

Table 3

Nomenclature of parameters of stairs and railings	Clauses of this standard
Nomenclature of parameters of stairs and railings	Technical requirements	Test Methods
1. Ladder height H	5.2	6.2.5
2. Ladder length L	5.2	6.2.5
3. Ladder width B	5.2	6.2.5
4. Step height	5.2	6.2.5
5. Step width	5.2	6.2.5
6. Stair railing dimensions	5.2	6.2.5
7. The height of the fence of the platform exit to the roof	5.2	6.2.5
8. Visual check of the integrity of structures and their fastenings	5.3	6.2.6
9. Verify stair placement requirements	5.3	6.2.6
10. Checking the quality of welds	5.4	6.2.7
11. Checking the quality of protective coatings	5.5	6.2.8
12. Stair rung strength test	5.8	6.2.9
13. Strength testing of ladder fastening beams	5.9	6.2.10
14. Testing platforms and flights of stairs for strength	5.10, 5.11	6.2.11, 6.2.12
15. Strength testing of stair railings	5.12	6.2.13, 6.2.14
16. Strength testing of building roof fencing	5.12	6.2.15

6.1.3. The working loads that the load-bearing elements of stairs and roof railings must withstand are shown in Table 4.

Table 4

6.1.4. External fire escapes and roof railings are subject to testing upon acceptance of the object into operation and at least once every five years must be subjected to periodic testing. External fire escapes and roof railings of buildings and structures must be maintained in good condition, and at least once a year it is necessary to conduct an inspection of the integrity of the structure with the drawing up of an act based on the results of the inspection. In case of detection of structural integrity violations, they are restored (repaired) with subsequent strength tests.

Tests and annual inspections should be carried out by organizations that have trained personnel, certified test equipment and a measuring instrument with the results of its verification.

6.1.5. The results of testing the structures of stairs and roof railings installed on buildings and structures are considered satisfactory if they comply with the requirements of this document.

6.1.6. If unsatisfactory results are obtained for any of the indicators, repeated tests or checks are carried out only after the malfunctions have been eliminated.

6.2. Testing

6.2.1. Tests are carried out in the daytime in conditions of visual visibility by the testers of each other in compliance with the safety regulations relevant to the work performed.

6.2.2. The test site must be fenced and marked with warning signs in accordance with.

6.2.3. Strength tests of structures are "static", the values of the test loads are selected from the condition of the possible maximum loading of the structure with a certain margin of safety equal to 1.5.

6.2.4. The test load must be created in any way that excludes the presence of a person directly under the tested structure (for example, a winch with a gearbox and an electric drive, a pump with a hydraulic cylinder, etc.).

6.2.5. The main dimensions of the structures in accordance with clause 3.2 are checked visually using a measuring tool (metal tape measure according to GOST 7502, metal ruler according to GOST 427, caliper according to GOST 166).

Applicable modern means measurements such as a laser range finder, etc.

Limit deviations of dimensions should not exceed the values \u200b\u200bspecified in GOST 25772.

6.2.6. The placement and installation of structures (clause 3.3) is checked visually in accordance with the working drawings and.

6.2.7. The quality control of the seams of welded joints (clause 3.4) is carried out visually in accordance with GOST 5264 and.

6.2.8. The quality of protective coatings against corrosion (clause 3.5) is checked visually in accordance with GOST 9.032 and GOST 9.302. The primer and painting of structures must comply with the V class of coverage.

6.2.9. The strength of the steps of vertical and mid-flight stairs is checked by applying a vertically downward load of 1.8 kN (180 kgf) to the middle of the step (Appendix D, Fig. D.1).

Every fifth rung of the ladder is subject to testing.

6.2.10. The strength of the beam fastening the vertical ladder to the wall of the building (Appendix D, Fig. D.2) is checked by applying a vertically downward load with the value P_bal, calculated by formula (1), at the place where the beam is attached to the ladder. As a rule, the beams are arranged in parallel, so it is recommended to test them in pairs.

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

6.2.11. Strength flight of stairs is checked by applying the load P_march, calculated by formula (2), applied vertically down its middle (Appendix D, Fig. D.3).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

6.2.12. The strength of the landing of the stairs is checked by applying a distributed load P_area (Appendix D, Fig. D.4), calculated by formula (3).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

6.2.13. The strength of the vertical ladder railing is checked by applying a horizontal load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) at points located at a distance of no more than 1.5 m from each other along the entire height of the ladder.

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

6.2.14. The strength of the march railings and the platform of the march stairs is checked by applying a horizontal load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) to each railing (Appendix D, Fig. D.5).

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.

6.2.15. The strength of the roof fencing of buildings is checked by applying a horizontal load of 0.54 kN (54 kgf) at points located at a distance of no more than 10 m from each other along the entire perimeter of the building.

The load is held for 2 minutes. After removing the load, there should be no permanent deformation and violation of the integrity of the structure.