Ventilation of industrial facilities. Ventilation equipment

During operation, indoor air changes its parameters - temperature, humidity and composition under the influence of a variety of factors: changes in the parameters of outdoor air, heat, moisture and carbon dioxide emissions from people, dust and other harmful substances from operating equipment, machines, installations. In this regard, it is necessary to carry out air exchange, i.e. remove polluted indoor air and replace it with purified fresh (outdoor) air. The task of ventilation is to provide air exchange in industrial premises to maintain the calculated air parameters in them.

Air parameters can be:

comfortable and they are provided by ventilation systems of residential and administrative facilities;
admissible, achieved due to the work of ventilation of industrial buildings.

Other tasks are often set before the ventilation systems of industrial premises: the removal of smoke (in case of fire), dust and harmful substances (during the operation of machines, assemblies and equipment). Ventilation of industrial premises is a set of devices and measures that provide calculated air exchange. Depending on the processed air flow, a distinction is made between domestic (up to 10,000 m³/h) and industrial ventilation (over 10,000 m³/h). Ventilation of industrial buildings is a mandatory measure in production workshops, hangars and other premises where technological equipment is used, people or mechanisms work.

Ventilation of industrial buildings

Industrial ventilation equipment, due to large amounts of air being transported, is distinguished by its weight and size characteristics, energy consumption and increased requirements for its reliability and safety. The work of any, including industrial ventilation, is provided by several engineering systems called ventilation systems. They consist of devices of various designs, each of which performs its own function:

air circulation - fans;
air purification - filters of various purification classes;
air flow control - air valves and dampers;
air heating and cooling - air heaters and air coolers;
air distribution throughout the room - diffusers, anemostats and grilles;
air supply and removal - air ducts;
vibration reduction - flexible connectors and vibration isolators;
noise reduction - silencers.

Ventilation of industrial premises

Measures include proper management of industrial ventilation, compliance with standard air velocities in air ducts to reduce the level of aerodynamic noise, compliance with manufacturing technology, installation, and sealing of air ducts to reduce leaks to a minimum. Currently, for the ventilation of industrial premises and the simultaneous organization of supply and exhaust, industrial ventilation units are used, which allow performing most of these functions with the help of one unit - a supply and exhaust unit. The peculiarity of these units is that their design combines supply and exhaust units, which in turn allows you to get a better price, use various recuperation systems and make the process of ventilation of industrial premises more efficient.

Peculiarities

According to their purpose, ventilation units are divided into:

supply;
exhaust;
supply and exhaust;
recuperative (supply and exhaust with a recuperator).

All industrial premises differ in the type of activity, technological processes and other factors that affect the release of harmful substances. Due to the presence of a large number of employees, for their safety, all sanitary and microclimatic conditions must be observed: the exclusion of an increased concentration of harmful substances, the optimal level of temperature, humidity, permissible noise and vibration levels. During non-working hours, deviations of the parameters of the requirements are possible upon agreement at the stage of the technical task.

To create all the above conditions, as well as to create effective air exchange at the design stage, it is necessary to plan a competent ventilation system for an industrial building. The definition of a rational type of system depends on some points:

Type of ventilation - forced, natural or mixed;
Classification - general exchange or local;
Supply, exhaust or supply and exhaust system;
Type-setting or monoblock.

The natural system is a more economical option, based on the principle of cold air being replaced by warmer air. In other words, the flow of air occurs due to ventilation. For large areas, as well as in winter, this method is unacceptable.

Forced ventilation is the optimal efficient solution, requiring equipment and electricity costs.

To organize air exchange at a large industrial enterprise, a general exchange system is designed. If, on the contrary, the localization of polluted air flows is necessary over certain sections of technological processes, it is rational to use local exhaust installations. Together, the system provides an influx of fresh air, and also prevents the spread of polluted air masses throughout the territory.

An equally important task in the design and installation of a ventilation system for industrial premises is considered to be the provision of people on the territory of the facility with a thermal and functional state that creates a comfortable feeling and increases labor productivity. In addition, warehouses are provided on the territory of industrial-type structures, where it is also necessary to provide the necessary conditions for storing goods or products of various types.

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Norms and requirements

The technological process involves the use, emission and accumulation of substances harmful to health in the air. The advantages of a forced ventilation system are:

Supply of fresh air to replace exhausted air masses. The air can also be subjected to additional processing - heating, dehumidification, humidification;
Movement of air currents over long distances;
Supply of purified air directly to workplaces;
Independence from weather conditions or other factors;
Possibility of automatic control.

There are a number of mandatory standards that the ventilation system of industrial premises must comply with, these include the optimal microclimate parameters used in the workplace:

* - Normalized temperature parameters, air speed are not used during non-working hours, as well as in the absence of technological processes. Forced industrial ventilation using ventilation equipment is considered the most effective method for creating effective air exchange if the acceptable microclimate standards or air speed cannot be provided by natural ventilation in rooms without natural ventilation. Powerful ventilation units are able to cover a large area, providing an intense air flow. Such a system does not depend on the outside temperature and has additional features (filtration, recuperation, humidification, dehumidification).

Design rules

The specifics of industrial ventilation is based on the calculation of the required air exchange, the selection of the necessary equipment and the number of people in the premises.

Important: Equipment should be selected only if there is certification and confirmation of fire safety, giving maximum performance with minimal energy consumption.

At the stage of design work, a technical task is drawn up, including:

Layouts and architectural features of the object;
General drawing, sections of the building;
Estimated number of people;
Types of production or industry processes.

The terms of reference is a substantiation of the working project, at the stage of which the calculation of air exchange is performed, the locations of air ducts (number, length, sections) and equipment are determined, and the specification is filled out. After the project is approved, the installation team can go to the site.

automation and control

Modern automation systems are designed to maintain the operation of all devices and mechanisms, as well as to alert in case of emergencies. The equipment allows you to control the system remotely. The responsible operator can independently adjust the modes or make adjustments.

In addition, automatic ventilation control is performed on the basis of individual monitoring of each part of the mechanisms, as well as the system as a whole.

Other benefits of automation are highlighted:

research, information, adjustment of various indicators;
protection of the heater from drops, low temperatures;
maintenance of the set parameters;
the ability to work in the mode of ventilation, humidification, dehumidification of the room;
indication of the level of contamination of filters or notification of the need for service;
blocking the operation of the system in the event of a fire or other emergencies.

The list of automatic devices includes:

temperature controllers;
fan speed control device;
sensors, controllers;
electric shut-off and control valve.

Avik specialists, regardless of the specifics of your company's activities, will help not only to calculate the ventilation system, but also to select equipment based on your budget. In the process of work, all the requirements of SNiP, GOST are taken into account.

Mechanical air exchange occurs due to special installations for replacing exhaust air with fresh air. Air currents can be heated or cooled, regardless of the temperature and season outside, and the air can be cleaned, dehumidified or humidified.

How to choose ventilation equipment?

Ventilation equipment, air ducts and other products that are used in the system must be subject to mandatory certification, fire and sanitary assessment and have confirmations for their use in the construction industry. Also, in rooms with a corrosive environment, it is necessary to select materials with protective coatings; it is allowed to paint air ducts with non-combustible materials with a thickness of no more than 2 mm.

Despite the numerous characteristics for the selection of a ventilation system - the types and intensity of air pollution, the purpose of the room, the number of people present, etc., the entire ventilation system is classified into several categories:

Supply units - provide supply of fresh air from the street. Additionally, you can complete such a system with various filters and heaters.
Exhaust units - used to remove exhausted polluted air, for example, in the kitchen of a restaurant, in bathrooms, etc. Additionally, the exhaust system is equipped with filtration for air purification, for example, in production. Exhaust ventilation equipment located in bathrooms, smoking rooms and other premises is not allowed to be located together with the supply systems equipment.
Air handling units are the most effective method for creating optimal climatic conditions. Such a system provides an influx of fresh air, while removing polluted air from the room; it can additionally be equipped with various automation, filters, heaters and fans.

Our catalog contains various types of ventilation equipment with detailed specifications, descriptions, photos and prices. You can place an order through the basket or by calling the indicated numbers.

Before proceeding with the analysis of the direct installation of industrial ventilation, it is necessary to get an idea of the goals and objectives of this type of ventilation systems. Industrial ventilation is a special type of ventilation system designed to handle large volumes of air. The main criterion for classifying ventilation systems as industrial is air consumption. At present, it is believed that industrial ventilation systems are those that handle an air flow rate in excess of 10,000 cubic meters per hour.

The main feature of industrial ventilation is the fact that its use is carried out in conditions of intense vapor and gas evolution, which are accompanied by harmful emissions. Thus, we can conclude that the main goal of designing and installing industrial ventilation systems is to maintain the air composition in industrial premises in accordance with SanPin standards.

Types of industrial ventilation systems

All types of industrial ventilation can be divided into 2 groups: natural and mechanical. The criterion for their separation is the method of inducing air. In the case of natural ventilation, the movement is driven by wind or gravitational forces, while in the case of mechanical ventilation, various devices are used, in particular fans.

There are several types of industrial ventilation systems, depending on how they are used:

System type	Characteristic
General exchange	Used throughout the space
local	Used in a specific area of the room
Local	Used to remove contaminants and harmful substances in places of their formation
Anti-smoke	It is used in appropriate technological situations in production, most often emergency ones.

Installation of industrial ventilation systems

The norms of ventilation of industrial premises are fixed by SNiP (building codes and regulations) 2.04.05-91 and 41-01-2003. According to these documents, the installation of industrial ventilation must be carried out in all industrial premises without exception, regardless of their functional purpose, area and number of people working in them.

Tasks of the industrial ventilation system:

providing workers with fresh air;
removal of dust and harmful odors from the premises;
filtration of harmful impurities generated during the main or auxiliary technological process.

The composition of the industrial ventilation system

Mechanical ventilation can be supply, exhaust and supply and exhaust. From the main ventilation components (air intake grille, air damper, air filter, heat exchanger for air heating (heater), fan, silencer), you can assemble a supply ventilation system that can heat and clean the air from dust. The exhaust system consists of similar components with reverse air direction. In addition, in such a system there are no elements such as a heater and a filter, since the air, as a rule, does not need to be processed. At present, the supply and exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery is most often used due to its maximum efficiency. Supply ventilation with heat recovery can significantly save energy, as it is spent less on additional heating of outdoor air with a heater.

Design principles

The modern market of engineering systems offers a huge selection of different ventilation systems that make it possible to create the most comfortable conditions in the workplace. The selected technological scheme must satisfy some basic criteria, namely:

profitability;
efficiency;
reliability;
payback.

It is important to understand that the installation of industrial ventilation systems must be carried out only by specialists with the appropriate level of qualification and experience, however, it is worth paying attention to the general principles for the design and installation of industrial ventilation systems.

Installation steps

Design and installation of industrial ventilation systems are subject to the general algorithm for the design and installation of various systems. The entire procedure for installing industrial ventilation can be conditionally divided into three stages:

A) the preparatory period - calculations, design, selection of equipment, supply of components;

B) installation work - assembly of the air duct system, installation of equipment, assembly of the electrical panel, connection;

C) commissioning - testing, verification of performance and commissioning.

Let's go into detail work algorithm.

Preparation of project documentation after receiving from the customer the initial documentation and terms of reference, which outline what needs to be done and what requirements are presented.
Coordination of the production schedule with the customer.
Checking and studying working documentation.
Production and supply of materials, ventilation equipment, etc. Preparation and approval with the customer of organizational issues of work performance.
Acceptance of premises for installation.
Carrying out installation and hidden works. Laying of air duct networks in accordance with the project.
Individual testing of ventilation units and other equipment.
Commissioning (all parameters, in particular air flow, must be set in accordance with the project). Carried out by highly qualified installers or engineers.
Complex tests (testing of jointly working systems in all modes).
Commissioning (transfer of documentation, if necessary, training of personnel).
It should be noted that upon completion of each item of the above algorithm, acts of work are signed.
The procedure for designing and installing industrial ventilation systems must comply with the State and Industry Standards (GOST and OST) "Installation of Industrial Ventilation and Air Conditioning Systems" OST 36-134-86.

Let us dwell on the main aspects of all three stages of the installation of industrial ventilation systems.

Preparatory stage

The working documentation must meet two requirements: implementation in accordance with GOST and the presence of a work production stamp signed by the responsible person (all agreements with the customer must be recorded on paper).

Working documentation should contain:

general data on production (plan-scheme of placement of ventilation units, system characteristics, system specification, material for the manufacture of air ducts, information on air duct insulation (heat and fire);
drawing of the ventilation system (coordinate axes of the building, marks of clean ceilings, dimensional references of air duct installations to coordinate axes or structural elements, cross-sectional dimensions of air ducts, places of air duct insulation);
drawing of ventilation units (assemblies and attachment points, joints);
drawings of general views of non-standard products and structures;
drawings of non-standard fasteners.

getting ready specification materials. The scope of work is indicated, information is given on the height of the air ducts in the room, instructions on the assembly of air duct parts into transportable units.Compiled routing- a document that allows you to perform the installation operation from start to finish. This document contains the following information:

scope of work (conditions and features of work performance);
technology and organization of work performance (quality requirements for previous work, requirements for work technology, technological schemes, in particular, insurance of ventilation system elements, transportation of products and materials);
requirements for the quality and acceptance of work (requirements for the quality of supplied materials and products);
operational quality control schemes (list of technological processes to be controlled);
safety engineering, labor protection, economic and fire safety;
resource requirement (necessary machinery, tools and materials):
technical and economic indicators (cost estimates and work schedule).

The project for the production of works (PPR) must contain a title page, an explanatory note, a construction master plan, a building plan, a calendar plan for the production of works, technological maps, cost estimates, a schedule for the delivery of equipment to the facility, a specification of materials and a list of mechanisms and tools. Aimed at ensuring that the installation was carried out qualitatively and on time. The initial data are the task for the implementation of the PPR and the construction organization project. Corresponds to the following tasks:

organization of preparatory work;
placement of orders for the production of equipment;
determination of places for storage of equipment and materials;
compliance with safety requirements

A work schedule is drawn up (name of work and their volumes).

When installing industrial ventilation, it is necessary to take into account many nuances and features that affect the efficiency of its operation and the durability of the structure. Please note that only highly qualified specialists with relevant theoretical knowledge and experience in performing such work should be engaged in the installation of an air exchange network.

It is also important to choose the right places for installing equipment, in particular ventilation units, heat exchangers, heaters, filtration systems, etc.In the future, from the location of the equipment, the distribution of air ducts is carried out.

Duct fixtures

It is necessary to take into account the design features of the building itself, the design and material of the air ducts, as well as their orientation in space (vertical or horizontal). Air ducts are often attached to walls or ceilings using various fasteners, such as a collar, stud, traverse, etc. The methods of their fastening directly depend on the size and shape of the section of the main channel that passes air flows.

Ventilation ducts in industrial premises are usually fixed to the ceiling. In commercial premises, it is advisable to use air ducts made of plastic or copper, due to their greatest visual appeal.Currently, two main types of air ducts are mainly used by material - rigid and flexible.

Rigid: Manufactured from laminated aluminium, galvanized steel and fiberglass. Of these, almost the entire ventilation system is mounted. Special shaped parts are used for arranging turns, contours and branches. If, according to the conditions of production, it is supposed to transport air containing aggressive impurities, then air ducts with a greater wall thickness should be used. Such air ducts are easy to install and have high rates of air movement.

Rigid duct ventilation system

Flexible: They are made in the form of a corrugated sleeve. The frame of such an air duct is a rigid steel wire, twisted in a spiral and covered with laminated foil or polyester. They are attached to reinforcing rings that move along the wire. The advantage of flexible pipe is that it is easier to mount and install. The negative point of this type of air ducts is high aerodynamic losses, therefore it is recommended to use such air ducts in short sections at the connection of distribution grilles.

As noted above, one of the factors influencing the efficiency of the system is the cross-sectional shape of the duct. Under equal conditions, circular ducts have the following advantages over rectangular ducts:

less aerodynamic resistance to air flow,
no need for flange connections,
less surface area
lower cost
great practicality in terms of cleaning the duct.

Aerodynamic testing and balancing of the duct network

The bottom line: with the help of control devices (throttle valves and dampers), the air flow in each branch is balanced from top to bottom in the system.
Inspection of air distribution devices (check whether there are any obstructions near the device, serviceability of control devices).
Operation of the air ventilation system.

In conclusion, let us dwell on how to properly use the industrial ventilation system.
- It is necessary to maintain the mobility of air, the stability of the ventilation systems in terms of performance.
- Ensure the uninterrupted operation of the ventilation systems of special technological complexes.
- After the current repair, on your own or with the involvement of contractors, inspect all systems with the preparation of an appropriate act.
- Keep unauthorized persons out of the ventilation chambers.
- Regulating devices must have adjustment measurements and be certified.
- At least once every 3 months, inspect ventilation shafts, air intake devices and channels.
*IMPORTANT! All ventilation systems must undergo scheduled maintenance depending on their purpose, mode of operation and location. As a rule, the necessary maintenance schedule is established by the design, installation or service organization. But any system must be serviced at least once a year!

Conclusion

Designing and installing an industrial ventilation system is a complex and responsible process. The finished air exchange network must comply with strict rules enshrined in current building codes and regulations (SNiP) and state and industry standards. The microclimate in the room depends on how well the industrial ventilation system is designed and installed, which directly affects the efficiency of production.

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