What month is best to plant onions. How to plant onion sets in spring

We grow onions.

Planting and growing onions

Spring has come and it's time to plant vegetables, including onion, which we are talking about in this article.
Before you start planting anything, it is necessary to carry out spring preparation of the soil for sowing.
The main digging of the earth and fertilization - we did this in the fall. And in the spring we dig the earth with a pitchfork. This makes it possible to loosen the earth and remove the roots of weeds as much as possible, if they are still preserved after our intensive measures for their destruction.
We introduce mineral fertilizers. I prefer the same Kemiru, but already - spring. It contains a complex of fertilizers. If there is no Kemira, nitrogen fertilizers must be applied. You can make complex fertilizers intended for feeding onions. All these fertilizers are freely sold in stores.
Scatter fertilizer in the garden. And then we mix them with the ground with a rake, at the same time we form and cultivate our garden bed.
Choosing seeds.
For sowing, we select seeds with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm. It is not recommended to plant seeds with a diameter of more than 2 cm - “it will go into the arrow” and onions will not grow from such an onion.
Helpful advice. For bulbs with a diameter of more than 2 cm, cut off the tops and plant the onion on the greens. We cut off the tops so that several feathers of green onions grow from one bulb.
I prefer to buy seeds in company stores. In the market (of course) you can buy low-quality seeds and be left without a crop. And in the store, especially the branded type "Sortsemovoshch", I have never bought low-quality seeds.
With a choice onion varieties determined as a result of many years of experience and chose Dutch - Stuttgarden. From it I get almost 100% yield and the bulbs grow medium and large, there are almost no small ones.
We plant onions.
Onions can be planted only after the soil warms up to 10-12 degrees. At low soil temperatures, the probability of shooting is high. The optimal time for planting onions is around May 10th. Under favorable weather conditions, it will ripen by the end of July - the beginning of August, and you will have time to thoroughly dry the bulbs for their best storage - a whole summer month in stock. I came to this conclusion as a result of many years of experiments. We plant onions in rows with a distance between rows - 15-20 cm, between bulbs - 10-15 cm. To make the rows even, before planting, we "line" the bed with, for example, a long narrow even stick: we put the stick on the ground, slightly press it on the entire length and get an even beautiful strip, along which we will place the bulbs.
Lined? Now we plant.
Since we applied organic fertilizers in the fall, there is no need to apply them in the spring.

Helpful advice. 1. Organic fertilizers applied to the soil. They start "working" only in the next season. That is, in the spring the fertilizers applied in the fall will “work”. If we apply fertilizers in the spring, they will start to "work" at best - only in the fall, if we plant winter onions or other winter vegetables. And if we plant only spring onions, then the fertilizers introduced in spring will begin to “work” only next spring.
2. Never apply fresh organic fertilizers: they form a scab (scab) on the fruits. If it so happened that it was not possible to fertilize since the fall, then apply in the spring, but at the same time, the fertilizers should be at least slightly rotted, not younger than 1 year

We sprinkle our lined rows with wood ash. This will prevent the onion from pests. In addition, ash contains many useful trace elements. Pour water in a thin stream so that the water soaks the soil well.
Before planting, we clean the bulbs as much as possible from excess husks, leaving only the layer that is closely adjacent to the bulb. We keep the bulbs for several minutes in a weak solution of potassium permanganate. This will prevent the onion from developing mold during storage after harvest.
We plant the bulbs at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other. Planting depth depends on the diameter of the bulb. Recommended - two or three diameters. For example, a bulb with a diameter of 1 cm can be planted at a depth of 2-3 cm. The larger the bulb, the deeper it can be planted. She will grow bigger.
Do not forget to sprinkle the planted onion with earth.

Helpful advice. In order to obtain a good harvest, it is recommended to use the so-called crop rotation: Do not plant onions several years in a row in the same bed - this can lead to a decrease in yield. It is recommended to plant onions in the beds where cucumbers, tomatoes, peas, greens grew.
Since my cucumbers and tomatoes grow in greenhouses, I simplified the situation and simply swap onions, carrots and greens every year

We take care of the crop.
We don't water! You can water only if the summer is dry. Just monitor the condition of the soil and water if necessary. If the summer is moderately rainy, there will be enough moisture for our onions. And if the summer is very rainy, then it's a disaster. Harvest may not work, unless you know how to drain the land during heavy rains. Unfortunately, I don't know of any such way. And there were cases of crop loss.
During the summer, we water 1-2 times with grass fertilizer, which we learn about from the same section. agro-technical work in the garden.
If the soil is not very fertile, increase the amount of top dressing up to 2-3 times during the summer.
If the soil in the garden is fertile, then the fertilizers applied in the fall are enough. Remember that everything needs a measure, including when fertilizing. If there is a lot of fertilizer, the bulbs will grow more intensively and may burst.
In no case do not cut off the green feathers of the growing onion, even the most extreme ones: water will flow through the holes formed during the rains, which can cause the bulb to rot. Remember that we plant onions on greens from specially selected bulbs with a diameter of more than 2 cm. You can also plant old onions on greens, which begin to produce green sprouts by May.
We fight diseases, pests, increase productivity.
We have already said that before planting onions, for prevention, we sprinkle the garden with wood ash.
And from onion fly saving onions is quite simple: plant onions and carrots on the same bed, alternating rows. The onion fly can't stand the smell of carrots, and the carrot fly can't stand the smell of onions. That's all science!
Fight shooting pretty simple too. To do this, you need to know the reasons why bow turns into arrows and eliminate these causes:
The seed was stored incorrectly - the temperature regime during storage was violated.
If you prepare the seed yourself, I recommend taking care of its storage conditions:
after harvesting for 8-10 hours, dry the bulbs in the sun or under a canopy at a temperature of 30-35 degrees. If in natural conditions there is no such temperature, you will have to use heaters and fans. Putting in storage. I use thick cardboard boxes for these purposes. Store the sevok in a dry place at a temperature not lower than +20 degrees. Never store onion sets in the cellar, as there is a humid climate and low temperatures. Such conditions are not acceptable for storing onion sets.
If you buy seed in a store, then you do not know anything about the conditions of its storage.
Therefore, we will pay special attention to the prevention of shooting. Since we planted onions in mid-May, and prolonged cold snaps are possible in May, prolonged exposure to low temperatures leads to shooting. We selected bulbs with a diameter of more than 2 cm for sowing. As mentioned above, such bulbs most often “go into arrows”.
The most difficult thing will be with point 1 if you bought sevok in a store. You can't know how it was kept. Although I have not yet bought bad seeds in branded stores: the company values \u200b\u200bits reputation. And if you follow my recommendation, then consider that you have dealt with point 1. Against this background, the rest is nonsense.
Covering material will help us to “stand” against the May frosts lutrasil (spunbod)., which can be freely purchased at the store. They planted onions and gently covered the bed with this delicate material. For a bed suitable material with a density of 17 cm2. But if it is denser, it is even better, it is stronger. Keep the bed covered until constant heat is established. I keep until the end of June. We open the garden bed only for weeding. Opened, weeded and closed again.
If all of a sudden arrows appear, you can take the advice of the resourceful hostess Maria Molodtsova and cook a simple but unusual green onion soup
We collect the harvest. We put away for storage.
Our onions will ripen by the end of July - beginning of August. At first, you will notice how the green feathers wither, become not juicy green, but faded. This is the first sign that the onion is ripening. Then the feathers will completely wilt, fall to the ground and gradually dry out and fall off. If some withered feathers do not fall off by the time of harvesting, you will have to cut them off with a knife at a height of about 5-7 cm from the onion head.
In good weather, we dry the collected onions in the sun for several hours, then put them under a canopy and dry them for several days until the husk is completely dry.
I recommend storing onions, as my grandmothers did and I have been doing all my life - in nylon stockings (tights), hanging on a nail in a dry, warm room. Ideally, in the kitchen. This method of storage prevents the onion from sprouting and it lasts longer.
Growing onion sets from seed.
To grow onion sets, we need black onion seeds.
Before planting in the ground, the seeds are recommended to be soaked in warm water and kept until white sprouts appear. This is necessary in order to select only viable seeds. It will be a shame if you sow, and some of the seeds will not sprout due to their non-germination. Because you will also have to buy black onion seeds. Although in the company store, a certain percentage of non-germination is present in any seeds.
Sow thickly, in five rows: 5 rows at a distance of 7-8 cm between rows. Then retreat 40 cm and - again 5 rows. Our task is to get bulbs 1-1.5 cm in diameter, so there is no need to pull the onion. Such a sowing scheme makes it convenient to care for growing onions - after all, you will have to weed it. After harvesting, we sort the bulbs with a diameter of 2 cm or more. They are not suitable as sets, we have already talked about this - there is a high probability of shooting.
When growing onion sets from black onion, you can do otherwise: plant black onion in March in a box with earth - for seedlings. In the spring, the grown bulbs are planted in the garden for further growth.
Some people manage to grow turnips from black onions. Experiment if you wish

Onion- along with carrots, potatoes and cabbage, it is the most popular vegetable crop, which has been widely used by people for more than five thousand years.

Onions are used in cooking, medicine, and even in genotoxicological research.

The healing properties of onions are recognized by all the peoples of the world, so it is often used in folk medicine for the preparation of various medicines, as well as in the cosmetic industry.

Probably every gardener is engaged in planting onions on a personal plot.

When is the best time to land?

What soil is suitable for onions?

Let's look at these questions in more detail.

Varieties and features

The onion genus includes more than 500 plant species.. Only 18 of them are widely used in cooking.

Ornamental species with original and beautiful flowers and leaves are also popular. But we will pay special attention to the types used for cooking.

The most common of all, of course, is onions. It is a biennial plant with long tubular leaves, very unpretentious and resistant to short-term frosts.

Batun is a perennial plant, also has tubular leaves. Very demanding on the structure of the soil, does not tolerate darkness.

Leek - one of the typical winter vegetable crops, has flat leaves similar to garlic, but much denser and larger.

Among other types often used also shallot, tiered onion, chives, slime, allspice, scythe, bear, Star of Persia, Aflatun, Giant, Sicilian, Yellow, Drumsticks, Blue and MacLean.

Onion seeds begin to grow at a lower temperature mark of 5-6 ° C. Seedlings can easily survive light frosts.

At the beginning of its development, the plant is very demanding on soil moisture - a lack of moisture, like its excess, inhibits the ripening of the bulbs. To successfully grow bulbs at home or in the garden, it is necessary to use fertile soil that has a neutral composition.

As a rule, planting is carried out in those areas where organic fertilizers were previously applied.. The preparation of the soil cover begins with its digging to the depth of humus after the crops that previously grew in this place.

In the spring, before planting, mineral fertilizers can be applied, consisting of superphosphate - 60 g, urea - 10 g, potassium chloride - 20 g (the amount of fertilizer is indicated per 1 m2).

Planting onion sets

The easiest way to grow onions is to use sets - small onions that grow in the first year after planting the seeds. You can purchase sevok as seedlings in specialized markets or stores.

Seedlings are planted in rows approximately 10-15 cm apart.. Each row should be at a distance of 30 cm from the other.

A small beam is buried in the ground by 1-1.5 cm so that its top is visible. It is not recommended to press the seedlings into the ground; it is best to first make small holes with a garden shovel.

Planting seeds

When choosing the time when to plant onions, you should monitor the temperature.

The most suitable time is the middle of spring when the danger of severe frost has passed.

Sowing should be done directly into the soil, previously well-moistened, but in dry weather. On the site, you need to make shallow holes 2-2.5 cm. The distance between the holes is 30 cm. Seeds need to be laid out 3-4 pieces for every 20 cm. Then the holes need to be carefully buried and rolled into the ground.

If you sow onions with a continuous tape, then the seedlings will often have to be thinned out. The period of emergence of seedlings depends on the temperature of the soil, and can be about 20 days. Sowing can also be carried out in soil covered with a film, then the planting dates will be pushed back 2-3 weeks earlier.

Talking about how to plant onions correctly, you should not forget about the preliminary preparation of planting material. Seeds are checked for germination a month before planting. Then they put it on a gauze cloth and keep it in hot water for 15 minutes, and then in cold water for 1 minute.

Then the seeds are left on a damp cloth moistened with warm water for a day. Before planting, the seeds are kept in water at room temperature for two days.

Seeds must be sorted by size for uniform germination. The largest bulbs are planted first, then the medium ones, and the small ones last.

A few days before planting, you need to warm up the seedlings at a temperature of 35-40 ° C. If the onion is not warmed up, then it will grow into arrows. For the prevention of various diseases, sevok can be placed for 10 minutes in a solution of copper sulphate.

Care consists in timely weeding and watering.. It is necessary to loosen the onion beds 2.5-3 cm deep once every two weeks. Regardless of the method of planting, watering in hot weather should be done once a week. In strong sunshine, it is worth treating watering with special care so as not to touch the green feathers from the bulbs. Otherwise, they will quickly turn yellow and dry out.

Depending on the scheme and landing technology the onion heads either become large, sprouting thin tall feathers, or remain small, growing into leaves that grow tall and thick.

Onions are harvested when the growth of new feathers stops, and the old ones are adjacent to the ground. As a rule, this period falls at the end of August - the beginning of September. If it is not removed in time, it will resume its growth, but then the bulbs will no longer be suitable for storage and will quickly rot.

After harvest, each bulb must be washed, cleaned of feathers and husks, and then laid out on paper in a dry, ventilated place. After 2-3 weeks, the bare onion will acquire new golden scales, and it can be safely removed to the basement for storage.

Many people know that onions can be planted both in spring and autumn. Most gardeners adhere to spring planting dates, and not many practice planting onions before winter. But lately, planting onions before winter has become more and more popular. And this is no accident, gardeners were able to appreciate the positive aspects of such a planting, and there are several of them.

It is worth noting that when planting any crop before winter, it is important to follow all the recommendations regarding the timing and planting technology, otherwise you can get enough results.

When planting in winter, it is very important to choose a suitable winter variety, determine the optimal time, place for planting, and prepare the bed and seed in a quality manner.

Planting onions before winter has a lot of compelling advantages:

It is this kind of onion that grows larger and stronger than bulbs planted in spring;
When planted before winter, the bulbs are hardened in cold conditions. Such plants are already gaining strength by spring, which means they will be more resistant to diseases and pests. That is why the onion planted before winter is almost not damaged by the annoying onion fly;
Another plus of winter planting is the reduction of weeding. The first shoots of onions will appear immediately after the snow melts, the onions will have time to grow and get stronger before the mass appearance of weeds;

Another important factor is that you do not need to take care of the safety of planting material until spring. This is especially important for the smallest fraction of sevka, the so-called "oatmeal". Such a bow will definitely not survive until spring planting, it will simply dry out. Oatmeal almost never shoots, and the harvest of such sets is not the worst.

Planting onions before winter - significantly saves time in the hot spring;
Early harvest. Onions planted before winter ripen in July. The vacated bed can be reused, or sown with green manure.

The negative side of this planting is a decrease in onion yield in the event of a harsh winter. With sudden changes in temperature or severe frosts, the onion may die. Therefore, it is very important to correctly approach the issue of choosing a variety and not deviate from the recommendations for winter planting.

Another negative point is the impossibility of planting large bulbs. They almost always go to the arrow. You can only plant them on a feather. But knowing this feature, you can provide yourself with early greens by planting a little large seed separately.

Grown from bulbs of autumn planting, the crop is well stored. But still spring onions are stored much better.

What onions can be planted before winter

Sevok is usually divided according to the diameter of the bulbs:

Oatmeal - the smallest onion, less than 1 cm;
the first category - from 1 cm to 1.5 cm;
the second category - 1.5–3 cm;
samples - more than 3 cm.

For growing onions on a turnip, oatmeal and sets of the first category are suitable, on a feather - of the second category and samples.

The best varieties of winter onions

Not all onion varieties are suitable for autumn planting. When choosing planting material, you need to purchase sets of varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of the region.

In the middle lane for planting before winter, the most popular varieties are:

Stuttgarter Riesen, Radar, Arzamas, Strigunovsky, Danilovsky, Bessonovsky, Ellan, Odintsovets, Senshui, Shakespeare, Red Baron.

Each variety of onion has its own taste characteristics, some are more burning, others are more tender. If you plant several varieties, in the future it will be possible to decide on preferences: which one you like better, which ripens earlier or is more productive. The main characteristics of popular varieties of winter onions are presented in the following table.

The best varieties of winter onions and characteristics - Table

Onion variety	spicy	the size	storage	maturation
Arzamas	spicy	small	lying
Bessonovsky	spicy	small	lying	80
Buran	spicy		lying	68-83
Danilovsky	spicy	small	lying
Danilovsky-301	peninsular	large		100-110
Lugansk	spicy	large	lying	95-105
Mouzon	peninsular		few	90-110
Myachkovsky-300				65-75
Panther F1			lying	130-135
Radar or Raider	spicy		lying	250-260
Red Baron	spicy	large	lying	95-110
Ruby	peninsular	average	the average	80-90
Senshui	spicy	large	lying
Siberian			lying	90-100
Strigunovsky	spicy	average	lying	110-120
Sturon	peninsular	average	lying	105-110
Tamara F1				105-110
Chalcedony	spicy	average	lying	90-95
	peninsular			100-105
Shakespeare	peninsular	large	the average
Stuttgarter Riesen	spicy	average	lying	70-120
Ellan	sweet		lying

Planting onions before winter: optimal timing

For planting onions before winter, it is very important to correctly determine the timing.

If planted early, the bulb will have time to germinate. And with a delay in planting, it will not have time to take root before frost. In both cases, the onion can overwinter badly, which will negatively affect the crop in the future.

When planting onions before winter, you need to choose a time so that the bulb has time to form roots before the soil freezes, but cannot germinate. If the feather of the bulb sprouts by 1-2 cm, there is nothing to worry about. Subject to the planting depth, such a bulb will normally overwinter. It is much worse if the bulb sprouts significantly. Beds with such an onion must be mulched to avoid its death. And in winter, snow can be added to such beds.

In order to correctly determine the date of planting the sevka, you need to focus on the current temperature conditions and the weather forecast.

Planting can be started if the temperature is around +5°…+7°С for several days, and a gradual decrease in temperature is expected.

To determine the time of planting onions in different regions, you need to focus on the climatic conditions of the region and the current weather conditions at the moment.

So in the middle lane this period is approximately from the end of September to the 20th of October.

In any case, onions should be planted at least a month or even a little more before the onset of cold weather.

To make it easier to deal with the timing, try planting onions at different times. Analyzing the results, you can empirically establish the optimal time for planting winter onions in your area.

What to do if you are late with planting onions?

If for some reason you did not have time to plant onions before winter, then here you need to act according to the circumstances.

If there has not yet been frost, then the ground must be carefully covered so that it does not freeze. For these purposes, a layer of compost (of course, preferably thicker), humus, folded several times and other materials is suitable.

Experienced summer residents advise that if there is not a lot of onions, then you can bring a couple of buckets of earth into the house, to the stove. The next day, when the earth warms up, you can plant it, laying out the heated earth directly into the grooves.

If there is a lot of onion, then it is better to sort it out. Leave a large set until spring, and plant a small one.

Caution should be taken with the advice to "spill the earth with hot water." In damp conditions, onions can rot.

How to plant onions before winter

After what crops can onions be planted

It is very good to plant winter onions in the garden where cucumbers, tomatoes, corn, beets, and cereals used to grow. It is not recommended to plant it after onions and cabbage, garlic.

When growing onions, it is very important to observe crop rotation. You can not plant onions from year to year in one place.

How to choose a place and prepare a bed for planting onions

As well as for, a bed for planting onions should be chosen in a sunny place a little on a hill. In no case should you choose those areas where water stagnates in spring. Like all bulbs, onion sets will simply rot in such conditions.

It is desirable to choose a place on the site so that in the spring the snow melts there as early as possible.

The garden bed for the autumn planting of onions must be prepared in advance so that the earth has time to settle.

If the onion is planted immediately after digging the earth, then this is fraught with the fact that in the future the soil will compact and settle. Onions will be on the surface of the soil and freeze.

Onions prefer fertile and loose soil with acidity close to neutral. If the acidity is high, then lime or dolomite flour must be added.

To improve the soil for digging, compost or humus is added - 5-6 kg per m².

From fertilizers, apply fertilizers from the Autumn series or superphosphate 20-25 g per 1 sq. meter and potassium salt 10-15 gr. Potash fertilizers can be replaced with ash, which also helps to reduce soil acidity and serves to prevent various rots.

It is advisable to make the beds raised up to 15 cm high; water will not stagnate on such beds. If the soil is dense, heavy, then the creation of raised beds is a must.

How to prepare onions for planting

Preparing sevka before winter has its own characteristics. First of all, it must be visually inspected - the sevok should be dry, hard, with no signs of rot. Sick, damaged, dried onions must be removed from planting material.

Then it needs to be calibrated, divided by size: separate the small ones - oatmeal, sets and samples. Part of this sevka will go to the turnip, the other - to grow greenery.

oatmeal (up to 1 cm in diameter) - per head (turnip);
sevok (with a diameter of 1 to 2 cm) - on the head and partly a feather (greens);
large (diameter more than 2-3 cm) - only on greens (very early).

Pre-sowing preparation of onion sets is a very important stage. And it consists in the following:

Sorting and sizing. Dry, rotten bulbs are removed and the seed is laid out according to size. They need to be planted not interspersed, but in different places. The largest ones are best used on a pen. They are more likely to shoot. And the smallest set is best suited for autumn planting and produces large heads.
Warming up onion sets. This is done in order to "wake up" the seeds and this operation prevents the onion from shooting. Can be put where the temperature is 20°C for at least 20 days. Then for 10 hours to where it is about 40°C. You can quickly rinse with very hot water and dry.
hardening. The bulbs are lowered into water, the temperature of which is 45-50 ° C for 15 minutes. After that, they are left in cold water for the same time. Cold and hot shower;
Onion processing, disinfection. It is done in order to protect the sevok from damage by fungal diseases. Such soaking is carried out immediately before planting. Usually, a slightly pink solution of potassium permanganate or a pale blue solution of copper sulfate (from phytophthora) is used for this. In a solution of sevoc stand 2-3 hours After that, you need to dry the bulbs well.
The use of saline. To reduce the risk of infection of the plant with a stem or onion nematode. Preparation of the solution: for 1 liter of water take 1 tablespoon of table salt. The onion sets are immersed in the mixture for 10-20 minutes. You can use baking soda instead of salt.

Shooting and disease prevention

The following measures are necessary to prevent diseases and exclude the shooting of bulbs in the spring

To prevent shooting

Dip the bulbs in a warm solution of potassium permanganate (50-60 ° C) for 20 minutes, when planting, spill the grooves with hot water
In order for the sevok not to go into the arrow, it must be well warmed up at a temperature of 50-60 ° C before planting. I usually hang in a canvas bag near the battery for 2-3 days, so that the bag does not touch the battery. It dries out at the same time.

For disease prevention

Treatment with the drug "Maxim", "Fitosporin" according to the instructions.
Dip the sevok for 3 hours in a saline solution (1 tablespoon of salt per 1 liter of water), then for 3 hours in a saturated solution of potassium permanganate.

Dry bulbs tolerate cold snaps better than swollen bulbs, moreover, the latter may begin to germinate too quickly.

Planting onions before winter - technology

Planting onions before winter - technology description:

For planting, you need to level the bed, then make holes or cut grooves according to the scheme:

the distance between the grooves is 15-25 cm. This is the optimal distance for processing row spacings with a flat cutter during spring onion care;
groove depth - 5-8 cm (depending on the size of the bulb). Before winter, the planting depth should be greater than when planting in spring. For the smallest set - oatmeal, make grooves no deeper than 2-3 cm, otherwise it will not have enough strength to germinate in the spring;
the distance between the bulbs is 7–8 cm. You can plant onions more often. Then in the spring, thinning out the plantings, part of the onion can be used for greens.
when planting onions only on a feather, the distance between the onions is slightly different. They are placed closely so that in the spring the plant directs its forces not to the growth of the bulb, but to the feather.

Spread out or stick in the sevok. If you have heavy clay soil, then it is advisable to pour river sand on the bottom of the beard, then add more sand on top of the bulb. All bulbous crops prefer loose soil. This technique will help to avoid the death of the onion from waterlogging in heavy, damp soil.

3. Sprinkle the bulbs with earth and lightly compact. Level the bed with a rake so that the bulbs sprout evenly in the spring.

If the ground is relatively moist, then watering is not necessary so as not to provoke strong growth of the plant. If there is no rain, then 10 days after planting, you will need to water the bed.
The beds can be sprinkled with a little humus, compost or sawdust.

Onion care after planting

For winter onions, special care after planting is not required. It is necessary to cover the beds with planted onions only when the soil is slightly frozen. It is impossible to cover immediately after planting, as the onion can dry out. .

After the onset of a light frost, you need to mulch the bed with fallen leaves, spruce branches, dry tops, dry sawdust, straw, peat or other materials. Top with branches, poles, etc. (to hold snow). In winter, you need to throw snow on the garden bed, this is the best protection against freezing.

With the onset of spring, when the snow melts and the soil begins to thaw, all shelters should be removed, because the ground under it, on the contrary, will only warm up longer.

Mulch also needs to be removed so that the soil warms up faster.
After the emergence of shoots in early spring, it is necessary to fertilize the bed.

Video: planting onions before winter, features

Conclusion

In fact, planting onions before winter is not a difficult process. The main thing is to choose the right planting material and do all the work on time in compliance with the rules of agricultural technology.

Green crops are most useful for the human body due to the huge amount of nutrients. That is why every gardener tries to plant more green crops: parsley, dill, onions, various types of lettuce, and so on.

Today we will talk about growing green onions. It can be planted at different times of the year and in various ways - in spring and autumn, and in sets.

Soil preparation for sowing or planting onions

A place for planting onions is chosen in the fall. The most suitable are loamy soils, acidic beds with onions are unsuitable. Onions grow well in the place where the predecessors were crops such as zucchini, cucumbers, melons, tomatoes and legumes. Onion is a light-loving plant, so a place for it should be chosen with good sunlight. On the same place, onions are grown in the interval of 3-4 years.

Before plowing the soil, wood ash is added at the rate of 5 square meters, one bucket. This not only fertilizes the earth, but also reduces the amount in it. The desired effect is achieved only when the ash is fresh and dry.

To get juicy green feathers, before planting, it is advisable to fertilize the ground with two or three yearly humus at the rate of 3.5–4 kg per square meter.

Spring sowing of onion seeds

The minimum temperature for germination of onion seeds is + 2-3 degrees, so sowing should be done in the spring, when night frosts stop. To harvest green onions as quickly as possible, it must be sown earlier, when the temperature is above zero only during the day. In this case, the beds with crops must be covered with a film at night.

Sowing is carried out mainly by a broadband method. Between the centers of the strips, the distance is from 25 to 30 cm. Seeds are laid to a depth of 2-3 cm, depending on the type of soil. The next sowing can be done after 2 weeks, then you will get a continuous green onion harvest conveyor.

Sowing winter onions

It germinates 1-1.5 months earlier than onions sown in spring, and 15-30 days earlier than spring planting of seedlings. Winter onions tolerate temperatures down to -15 degrees without snow cover on the ground. In the case when the snow cover is several centimeters, the onion tolerates much lower temperatures. However, if the winter is severe, with prolonged low temperatures and weak snow cover, then autumn sowing will be ineffective due to onion freezing.

Sowing of winter onions is carried out by the same method as sowing of spring onions. But you should know that for winter onions there are special varieties and seed hybrids.

Spring onion planting and care

So when to plant onions in spring? According to many professional gardeners, the most favorable time for planting onions is the month of May. At this time, there is no likelihood of frost, severe flooding of the soil and other negative nuances. It is also necessary to consider in what conditions the onion will be planted. If landing is made in open ground, it is better to choose mid-May. If under the film (greenhouse conditions), then the landing is made two weeks earlier.

Sets are small onions from the first crop of seeds. In order to get a good harvest of greenery from them and prevent forcing into the arrow, it is advisable to adhere to the following procedures:

two weeks before planting the seedlings, warm up to 45 degrees for 10-12 hours using a heating battery, electric fireplace or stove. After that, sort out the sevok and remove dry and diseased. This procedure is the prevention of powdery mildew (transferosis), which affects onions during a period of prolonged humidity and manifests itself in the form of yellowing, breaking of onion feathers and stunting;
just before planting, pour boiling water over the seedlings for 2 seconds (if after planting in the early stages a significant cooling occurs, the yield decreases even after the seedlings have been doused with boiling water);
plant sevok in moist soil when it is warmed up by at least 7-8 degrees. Bulbs must be planted in prepared holes in such a way that the top is practically on the surface, that is, to a depth of 2 cm. It is strictly forbidden to press the sets, this will provoke their release to the surface of the earth. The distance between the sets should be about 8 cm. Before planting the grooves, it is advisable to sprinkle with ash.

After planting the sevka, the beds are watered. Watering should also be done during onion germination, if the weather is dry and hot.

Onion care provides for shallow loosening - only to a depth of 2-3 cm, as well as weed control. The crust that forms after rain or watering is recommended to be destroyed, as it harms the onion and slows down its growth.

It is advisable to place beds with carrots next to the onion bed, since its phytoncides repel the onion fly, the onion pest.

You can start harvesting in late summer - early autumn, when green feathers are gaining full strength and growth. With a strong desire, feathers can be plucked earlier, then these will be very young small shoots.

Onion is a vegetable crop that is grown by almost every gardener. This is due to the fact that onions are one of the most popular ingredients for cooking, a useful addition to the diet. That is why many summer residents are wondering: how to plant onions so that there are large bulbs? To get a good harvest, onion planting should be carried out taking into account several rules: choosing a place, selecting planting material, determining the optimal season.

Before you start planting a crop, you need to understand what kind of soil the onion loves. The first step is to understand that the onion culture is actively growing and developing in conditions of good light and heat.

If the plant experiences a lack of light, the bulbs will not develop, and the planting will soon wither. Therefore, the best option for growing onions are the central places in the garden, next to which trees do not grow, tall buildings are not located.

Then it is required to determine the type of soil, the earth is diagnosed using litmus paper. Onion likes sandy or sandy soil. Under such conditions, the plant forms a healthy, powerful root system, and also ripens in a timely manner.

In autumn, the bed is fertilized with rotted manure or ash. Such fertilizers contain a large amount of nutrients that help the onion develop. The optimal amount of fertilizer per 1 square meter: 6 kilograms.
The entire ridge needs to be dug to a depth of 20 centimeters.
All debris and weeds are removed from the soil.
After the soil has been fertilized, it must be leveled with a rake and left in this state until the onset of the spring period.

Such soil preparation will allow you to get a healthy, large onion crop. In the spring, you need to re-dig the soil. This will allow even distribution of nutrients in the ground.

Planting material preparation

To get a good harvest, it is necessary to process the onion before planting. First of all, the bulbs are moved. For planting, only healthy bulbs, on the surface of which there are no damages, can be used.

The selected sevok is distributed by size. This is necessary for uniform cultivation of onions.
Planting material is left to dry at a temperature of 35 degrees for 3 days. If it is not possible to dry the onion in this way, it must be calcined in the oven at a temperature of 40 degrees. The processing time in the oven is 4 hours.
Then the sevok is immersed in the osta stimulator for 8 hours.
The bulbs are removed from the fertilizer and immersed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 10 minutes.
The planting material is then rinsed and used for planting.

Such processing and soaking of onions before planting activates metabolic processes in the bulbs, improves their germination, and protects against diseases.

How to plant an onion on a turnip?

To get a healthy plant, a developed turnip, we plant the seedlings in the ground only when it warms up to 12 degrees. In most cases, spring onions are planted on a turnip in mid-April or early May. Landing is best done in cloudy weather, while the street should be dry. Then holes are made in the garden according to the following principle:

between plants in a row there should be a distance of at least 15 centimeters;
the distance between rows should be 30 centimeters;
seedlings should be deepened into holes or grooves by 7–10 centimeters.

After planting the seedlings, the soil should be watered. To do this, you need to use settled water. It is desirable that it be at room temperature.

If during planting the summer resident made a mistake and placed the bulbs close, they need to be thinned out. Otherwise, during the growing season, plant crops will be deficient in nutrients. In this case, the growth of the bulbs will stop, and the root system will begin to intertwine. During this period, it will be difficult to thin out the plants.

Planting onions in July or spring

If the summer resident decided to plant a plant in July or spring, he needs to prepare the beds for onions in the fall. There are several differences between growing a crop in spring or summer.
If the summer resident wants to grow onions from seed material, sowing should be organized immediately after the soil has warmed up and the snow has melted. Only with such a planting will the onion have time to ripen. If the gardener has seedlings that were sown in the last days of February, they should be transplanted into the ground in mid-April. If the summer resident wants to plant a turnip in the spring, the recommendations indicated above will be needed. In this case, sevok is used as planting material.

Many summer residents, in order to get a richer harvest, plant sevok twice. It is worth considering that only in the conditions of the southern climate is it possible to grow onions in July. July planting can only be carried out if the summer season ends in mid or late September.
Having planted onions in the summer, it is necessary to harvest at the end of August, therefore, only early-ripening crop varieties should be used for planting. The July vegetable is planted in a similar way.
Sowing seeds
In most cases, a turnip vegetable is grown in 2 years. Such cultivation is typical for sowing a plant using seeds. From the sown seeds of nigella grows onion sets, which are used for growing turnips the next year. The temperature and scheme of planting, sowing seeds is determined using the following instructions:
First, the seeds are soaked in warm water. Such a procedure is necessary in order to select healthy seeds, discard empty ones.
After 24 hours, the water is drained. Only the seed that has fallen to the bottom is taken from the bowl.
Selected seeds are placed in gauze, wrapped and placed in a dark place.
After the seeds dry, they are treated with a solution of potassium permanganate.
After disinfection, the material is dried and used for sowing.

Soil preparation for sowing is carried out according to the above instructions. Then the summer resident can start sowing:
in open ground conditions, grooves are made, the depth of which is 2–4 centimeters;
between the rows is a distance of 10-30 centimeters.
grooves are watered with hot water to disinfect the soil;
seeds are sown at a distance of 1-3 centimeters from each other;
then the ridges are re-irrigated using water at room temperature;
beds are covered with foil.

After shoots appear on the surface of the soil, the film can be removed.
How to plant onions of winter varieties?
For planting before winter, it is necessary to use a set of small sizes. Planting material grown in spring should be planted 3-4 weeks before the soil freezes. It is better to plant onions when the ambient temperature drops to 5 degrees.
Planting a winter variety is carried out taking into account the instructions:
Furrows 3–4 cm deep are formed on the ridge.
Furrows are located at a distance of 10-15 centimeters from each other.
Sevok is planted in furrows at a distance of 3-10 centimeters from each other. The distance is determined by the estimated dimensions of the turnip: the larger the variety forms a turnip, the longer the distance between sets should be.
The furrows are sprinkled with earth, covered with mulch. Dry leaves, humus, spruce branches, tops, sawdust, pine needles are used as mulch.

After the onset of spring, the melting of snow, it is necessary to remove the mulch. This will allow the soil to warm up faster. Then the earth is loosened, the plants are fed with chicken droppings diluted in water. When the leaves appear, you need to make a second top dressing. The best option for this is the drug Plantafol.
Onion harvesting begins when the leaves fall to the ground, and the onion scales acquire the color characteristic of the variety. Onions are dug out very carefully, left to dry in a ventilated area. After the bulbs have dried, they can be stored.
Onion care in the open field
During the cultivation of the plant, it is necessary not only to process the onion before planting, but also to provide other necessary care. To get a good harvest of onions, you must follow a few simple rules:
watering planting is required once a week;
use only settled water for irrigation;
in dry weather, watering is carried out twice a week;
after watering or rain, the soil must be carefully loosened;
all emerging weeds must be removed in a timely manner;
as a means for the prevention of fungal and viral diseases of onions, copper sulfate can be used;
in July, the number of waterings needs to be reduced so that the turnips are fully ripe.

After the appearance of the first shoots, the plants should be thinned out if necessary.
Chinese way of growing bulbs
In addition to the traditional cultivation method, there is also a Chinese one. Growing large onions from planting material was invented by the Chinese by forming ridges, not ridges. The ridges are formed so that they rise above the ground by 15–20 centimeters, a distance of at least 30 centimeters is maintained between them. Instructions for planting onions in the Chinese way:

The prepared sevok is immersed in the ridges 2–3 centimeters deep, sprinkled with earth, and compacted a little.
The comb is watered.
Then the soil is loosened.

It is better to plant onions in the Chinese way early in the morning to protect them from the sun's rays. This method of planting allows you to grow a rich crop of large, fully ripe and mature bulbs.

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