Turgenev biryuk description of the hero. The image of Biryuk in the story of the same name

The writing

I. S. Turgenev was one of the foremost people of his time. He realized that in order to win the right to be called a folk writer, talent alone is not enough, you need "sympathy for the people, a kindred disposition" and "the ability to penetrate the essence of your people, their language and way of life." The collection of short stories "Notes of a Hunter" describes the peasant world in a very vivid and multifaceted way.

In all the stories there is one and the same hero - the nobleman Pyotr Petrovich. He loves hunting very much, travels a lot and talks about the cases that happened to him. We also meet Pyotr Petrovich in "Biryuk", which describes his acquaintance with a mysterious and gloomy forester, nicknamed Biryuk, "whom all the surrounding peasants were afraid of like fire." The meeting takes place in the forest during a thunderstorm, and the forester invites the master to his house to hide from the weather. Pyotr Petrovich accepts the invitation and finds himself in an old hut "from one room, smoky, low and empty." He notices the minutiae of the gloomy existence of the forester's family. His wife "ran away with a passer-by." And Foma Kuzmich was left alone with two small children. The eldest daughter Ulita, herself still a child, nurses the baby, cradling him in the cradle. Poverty and family grief have already left their mark on the girl. She has a downcast "sad face", timid movements. The description of the hut makes a depressing impression. Everything here breathes sadness and wretchedness: “a torn sheepskin coat hung on the wall”, “a torch burned on the table, sadly flashing and dying out”, “a pile of rags lay in the corner”, “the bitter smell of cooled smoke” hovered everywhere and made it difficult to breathe. The heart in Pyotr Petrovich’s chest “wounded: it’s not fun to enter a peasant’s hut at night.” When the rain passed, the forester heard the sound of an ax and decided to catch the intruder. Barin went with him.

The thief turned out to be "a wet man, in rags, with a long disheveled beard," who, apparently, did not go to steal from a good life. He has a "drunk, wrinkled face, hanging yellow eyebrows, restless eyes, thin limbs." He begs Biryuk to let him go with the horse, justifying himself that “the children are squeaking from hunger.” The tragedy of a hungry peasant life, a difficult life, appears before us in the image of this miserable, desperate man who exclaims: “Knock down - one end; that from hunger, that so - everything is one.

The realism of the depiction of everyday pictures of the life of peasants in the story of I. S. Turgenev is impressive to the core. And along with this, we face the social problems of that time: the poverty of the peasants, hunger, cold, forcing people to steal.

Other writings on this work

Analysis of the essay by I.S. Turgenev "Biruk" Composition-miniature based on the story of I.S. Turgenev "Biryuk"

"Notes of a Hunter" appeared in print as separate stories and essays at the turn of the 40s and 50s of the 19th century. The impetus for starting work on the cycle was a request addressed to Turgenev in the fall of 1846 to provide material for the first issue of the updated Sovremennik magazine.

So the first essay "Khor and Kalinich" appeared. I.S. Turgenev wrote almost all subsequent stories and essays of the Hunter’s Notes abroad: he left in 1847 and stayed there for three and a half years.

Let's remember what a story is.

A story is a small epic work that tells about one or more events in a person's life.

Prove that Biryuk is a story.

This is a small piece. Here we are talking about Biryuk, about his life, meeting with a peasant. There are few actors in the work ...

The story "Biryuk" was created in 1847, and was published in 1848.

Creating this work, as well as the entire cycle of "Notes of a Hunter", Turgenev relied on his own impressions of the life of peasants in the Oryol province. One of the former serfs of I.S. Turgenev, and later a village teacher A.I. Zamyatin recalled: “My grandmother and mother told me that almost all the faces mentioned in the Hunter’s Notes are not fictional, but written off from living people, even their real names: there was Ermolai ... there was Biryuk, who was killed in the forest by his own peasants ... "

- Guys, how many stories did the writer include in the "Hunter's Notes" cycle? (Children remember that there are 25 of them.)

- "Notes of a hunter" is a kind of chronicle of the Russian serf village. The stories are close in subject matter and ideological content. They expose the ugly phenomena of serfdom.

Creating a picture of Russian reality, Turgenev in his "Notes of a Hunter" used a peculiar technique: he brought into action a storyteller-hunter. Why do you think?

Thanks to this, the reader can, together with the hunter, an observant, intelligent and knowledgeable person, walk through the native fields of the writer, visit villages and villages with him. He appreciates beauty and truth. His presence does not constrain anyone and often goes unnoticed. The image of a hunter helps us to understand reality more deeply, to understand what is happening, to evaluate what he saw, to understand the soul of the people. Pictures of nature prepare the reader's acquaintance with the main character of the story - Biryuk.

Biryuk appears unexpectedly, the author immediately notes his tall figure and sonorous voice. Despite the fact that the first appearance of Biryuk is accompanied by a certain romantic halo (white lightning lit up the forester from head to toe”, “I raised my head and in the light of lightning I saw a small hut ...”). In the life of the hero that we learn about, there is nothing
romantic, on the contrary, it is ordinary and even tragic.

Find a description of the forester's hut.

“The forester's hut consisted of one room, smoky, low and empty, without beds and partitions. A tattered sheepskin coat hung on the wall. A single-barreled gun lay on the bench, a pile of rags lay in the corner; two large pots stood near the stove. The torch burned on the table, sadly flashing and dying out. In the very middle of the hut hung a cradle, tied to the end of a long pole. The girl put out the lantern, sat down on a tiny bench, and began right hand swing the cradle, straighten the torch with the left. I looked around - my heart ached: it’s not fun to enter a peasant’s hut at night.

What does this description tell you? (The description of the situation in the hut, “smoky, low and empty,” speaks of poverty. But amid this poverty, the life of the hero’s young children glimmers. The bleak picture evokes Biryuk’s sincere sympathy from readers.)

— What does Biryuk look like? What does the writer emphasize in his portrait? (High stature, powerful muscles, a black curly beard, a stern manly face, wide eyebrows and small Brown eyes.)

- Let's turn to the portrait of Biryuk. “I looked at him. Rarely have I seen such a young man. He was tall, broad-shouldered and well-built. His mighty muscles protruded from under his wet zamashka shirt. A black curly beard half covered his stern and courageous face; from under the fused wide eyebrows small brown eyes looked boldly ... "

How did this portrait express the narrator's attitude towards Biryuk? (It can be seen that he likes Biryuk with his build, strength, handsome, courageous face, bold look, strong character, as evidenced by unibrows. He calls him a fine fellow.)

How do men talk about him? Children give examples from the text: “he won’t let the bundles be dragged away”, “... it will come like snow on his head”, he is strong .. and dexterous like a demon ... And nothing can take him: neither wine nor money; does not take any bait."

- Why is the hero called Biryuk? Why does he act like this with men? His name is Biryuk because he is lonely and gloomy.
- Turgenev emphasizes that the forester is formidable and adamant, not because he is a stranger to his brother - a peasant, he is a man of duty and considers himself obliged to protect the economy entrusted to him: “I do my job ... I don’t have to eat the master’s bread for nothing.”

- He was entrusted with the protection of the forest, and he guards the forest of the owner, like a soldier on duty.

Find and read the description of Biryuk's collision with the peasant. What is the reason for the conflict between the peasant and Biryuk? Against what background are events unfolding? How do the peasant and Biryuk change in the climactic scene? What feelings do the forester evoke in the author and in us, the readers?

The picture of a thunderstorm prepares the central episode of the story: a clash between Biryuk and a thief he has caught. We read the description of Biryuk's collision with the peasants and find out the reasons for the conflict between the peasant and Biryuk.

What characters are in conflict? Between Biryuk and the peasant who stole the forest.

Children must understand that the scene of the struggle - first physical, then moral - not only reveals the views, feelings, aspirations of the characters, but also deepens their images. Author
emphasizes that physically the peasant clearly loses to Biryuk during their fight in the forest, but in the future, by strength of character, inner dignity, they become
equal to each other. Turgenev, creating the image of a peasant, captured the features of an impoverished peasant, exhausted by a half-starved existence.

Let's read the description of the peasant: “By the light of the lantern, I could see his drunken, wrinkled face, hanging yellow eyebrows, restless eyes ...” But it is precisely such a peasant who turns from plea to threats.

Reading by roles of a conversation between a peasant and Biryuk.

— As Turgenev shows that appearance and the inner state of the peasant changes? Let's go back to the text.

At first, the peasant is silent, then “in a deaf and broken voice”, referring to the forester by name and patronymic - Foma Kuzmich, asks to be released, but when the bowl of his patience is overflowing, “the peasant suddenly straightened up. His eyes lit up, and a blush appeared on his face. The man's voice became "fierce". The speech became different: instead of abrupt phrases: “Let go ... clerk ... ruined, how ... let go!” - sounded clear and formidable words: “What about me? Everything is one - to disappear; Where can I go without a horse? Knock - one end; that from hunger, that so - everything is one. Get lost everything."

The story "Biryuk" is one of the few stories in the "Notes of a Hunter" that touches upon the issue of peasant protest. But due to censorship restrictions, Turgenev could not directly portray the protest of the peasants against serfdom. Therefore, the anger of a desperate peasant is directed not at the landowner for whom he works, but at his servant-serf, guarding the owner's good. However, this anger, which has become an expression of protest, does not lose strength and meaning from this.

For the peasant, the personification of the power of serfdom is not the landowner, but Biryuk, endowed by the landowner with the right to protect the forest from robbery. The image of Biryuk in the climactic scene deepens psychologically, he appears before us as a tragic image: in his soul there is a struggle between feelings and principles. An honest man, for all his rightness, he also feels the rightness of a peasant whom poverty has brought to the manor's forest: “Honestly, from hunger ... the children squeak, you know. Cool, just the way it is."

One of the types of a "good" man is bred in the story "Biryuk". He lives in a poor hut with two children - his wife ran away with some tradesman. He serves as a forester and they say about him that he “will not let a bundle of firewood be dragged away ... and nothing can take him: neither wine, nor money - he does not go for any bait.” He is sullen and silent; to the author’s questions, he sternly replies: “I’m doing my job - I don’t have to eat the master’s bread for nothing.” Despite this external severity, he is very compassionate in his soul and a kind person. Usually, having caught a peasant in the forest, he only tempts him, and then, taking pity, lets him go in peace. The author of the story becomes a witness to the following scene: Biryuk releases the peasant he caught in the forest, realizing that only extreme need made this poor man decide to steal. At the same time, he does not at all show off his noble deeds - he is rather embarrassed that an outsider witnessed this scene. He is one of those people who at first glance do not stand out, but are able to suddenly do something out of the ordinary, after which they again become the same ordinary people.

His majestic posture - tall stature, powerful shoulders, a stern and courageous face, wide eyebrows and small brown eyes that looked boldly - everything about him revealed an extraordinary person. Biryuk performed his duty as a forester so conscientiously that everyone said about him: “He won’t let a bundle of brushwood be dragged away ... And nothing can take it: neither wine nor money; will not take any bait." Stern in appearance, Biryuk had a tender, kind heart. In the forest he catches a peasant who has cut down a tree, so he intimidates that he will threaten not to give the horse back, and the matter usually ends with taking pity on the thief and letting him go. Biryuk loves to do a good deed, he also loves to fulfill his duties conscientiously, but he will not shout about it at all crossroads, and will not show off this.

Severe honesty does not stem from Biryuk from any speculative principles: he is a simple peasant. But his deeply direct nature made him understand how to fulfill the duty he had taken upon himself. “I’m doing my job,” he says gloomily, “you don’t have to eat the master’s bread for nothing ...”. Biryuk good man, albeit a rough one. He lives alone in the forest, in a hut "smoky, low and empty, without curtains and partitions", with two children, abandoned by his wife, who ran away with a passer-by tradesman; it must have been family grief that made him sullen. He is a forester, and they say about him that “he won’t let a bunch of brushwood be dragged away ... and you can’t take him with anything: neither wine, nor money, nor any bait.” The author had a chance to witness how this incorruptible honest man released a thief he had caught in the forest, a peasant who had cut down a tree - he released him because he felt with his honest and generous heart the hopeless grief of a poor man who, out of desperation, decided on a dangerous business. The author beautifully depicts in this scene the whole horror of poverty, to which the peasant sometimes comes.

Simply, poetically and with love, Russia is shown in I. S. Turgenev's Notes of a Hunter. The author admires the simple folk characters, fields, forests, meadows of Russia. No matter how one treats stories, this is primarily poetry, not politics. With great love and observation, the most short story Biryuk cycle. The depth of content is combined with the perfection of form, which speaks of the writer's ability to subordinate all components of the work, all his artistic techniques a single creative task.

Biryuk in the Oryol province was called a gloomy and lonely person. The forester Foma lived alone in a smoky and low hut with two young children, his wife left him, family grief and a hard life made him even more gloomy and unsociable.

The main and only event of the story is the capture by the forester of a poor peasant who cut down a tree in the manor's forest. The conflict of the work consists in the collision of the forester with the peasant.

The image of Biryuk is complex and contradictory, and in order to understand it, let's pay attention to the artistic means used by the author.

The description of the situation speaks of how poor the hero is. This dwelling was a sad sight: “I looked around - my heart ached in me: it’s not fun to enter a peasant’s hut at night.”

The psychological portrait of the forester testifies to the exceptional strength of Biryuk, it becomes clear why all the surrounding peasants were afraid of him. “He was tall, broad-shouldered and well-built. ... A black curly beard half covered his stern and courageous face; small brown eyes peered boldly from under wide unibrows. In appearance, this man is rude and formidable, but in fact he is good and kind. And the narrator clearly admires his hero.

The key to understanding the character of Thomas is the nickname given to him by the peasants. From them we get an indirect description of the forester: "a master of his craft"; “knitted brushwood will not be dragged away”; “strong... and dexterous as a demon... And nothing can take him: neither wine, nor money; does not take any bait."

The plot, consisting of two episodes (the forester met the hunter during a thunderstorm and helped him; he also caught the peasant at the scene of the crime, and then set him free), reveals the best features of the character of the hero. It is difficult for Foma to make a choice: to act at the behest of duty or to take pity on the peasant. The despair of the captured peasant awakens the best feelings in the forester.

Nature in the story is not just a background, it is an integral part of the content, helping to reveal the character of Biryuk. Combinations of words depicting the rapid onset of bad weather, dull pictures of nature emphasize the drama of the situation of the peasants: “a thunderstorm was approaching”, “a cloud was slowly rising”, “clouds were rushing”.

Turgenev helped not only to see the life of the peasants, to sympathize with their troubles and needs, he turned us to the spiritual world of the Russian peasant, noticed many unique, interesting individuals. “After all, my Russia is dearer to me than anything in the world ...,” I. S. Turgenev would write later. "Notes of a Hunter" is a tribute to the writer of Russia, a kind of monument to the Russian peasantry.

Composition on the topic "Characteristics of Biryuk"

The work was done by a student of 7 "B" class Alexander Balashov

The main character of the story I.S. Turgenev "Biryuk" is the forester Foma. Thomas is a very interesting and unusual person. With what admiration and pride the author describes his hero: “He was tall, broad-shouldered and well-built. His mighty muscles bulged out from under the wet sash of his shirt. Biryuk had a "masculine face" and "small brown eyes" that "looked boldly from under wide unibrows."

The author is struck by the wretchedness of the forester’s hut, which consisted of “one room, smoky, low and empty, without curtains ...”, everything here speaks of a beggarly existence - and “a torn sheepskin coat on the wall”, and “a pile of rags in the corner; two large pots that stood near the stove ... ". Turgenev himself sums up the description: “I looked around - my heart ached in me: it’s not fun to enter a peasant’s hut at night.”

The forester's wife ran away with a passing tradesman and abandoned her two children; maybe that's why the forester was so stern and silent. Biryuk, that is, a gloomy and lonely man, Foma was nicknamed by the surrounding peasants, who were afraid of him like fire. They said that he was “strong and dexterous like a demon…”, “he won’t let a bunch of brushwood be dragged away” from the forest, “at whatever time… he will come like snow on his head” and do not expect mercy. Biryuk is “a master of his craft”, whom you can’t take with anything, “neither wine nor money.” However, for all his sorrows and troubles, Biryuk retained kindness and mercy in his heart. He secretly sympathized with his “wards”, but work is work, and the demand for stolen goods will first of all be from himself. But this does not prevent him from doing good deeds, releasing the most desperate without punishment, but only pretty scaring.

The tragedy of Biryuk was based on the understanding that it is not at all from a good life that peasants go to steal wood. Often a feeling of pity and compassion prevails over his principles. So, in the story, Biryuk caught a peasant cutting down a forest. He was dressed in torn rags, all wet, with a disheveled beard. The man asked to be released, or at least to give the horse back, because the children were at home, they had nothing to feed them. To all persuasions, the forester kept repeating one thing: "Don't go stealing." In the end, Foma Kuzmich grabbed the thief by the scruff of the neck and pushed him out the door, saying: "Go to hell with your horse." With these rude words, he seems to cover up his generous act. Thus the forester constantly oscillates between principles and a sense of compassion. The author wants to show that this gloomy, unsociable person actually has a kind, generous heart.

Describing the forced people, destitute and oppressed, Turgenev especially emphasizes that even in such conditions he was able to preserve his living soul, the ability to empathize and respond with his whole being to kindness and affection. Even this life does not kill humanity in people - that's what is most important.