Sample tasks for the development of functional literacy. Functional literacy test

Test in biology for the development of functional literacy.

Teacher Postman O.Yu. School No. 17 Balkhash city

1 option

Exercise 1 . The chest is absent

a) snakes b) lizards c) turtles d) crocodiles

Task 2 .Amphibian larvae are characterized by:

I. Gill breathing.

II. Only cutaneous respiration.

III. One circle of blood circulation.

IV. Two circles of blood circulation.

V. Three-chambered heart.

a) II, III, V

b) I, IV, V

c) I, III

d) IV, V

Task 3. In which case is the place of bacteria in the ecosystem correctly shown?

a) grass - mouse - owl - soil bacteria;

b) mouse - grass - soil bacteria - owl;

c) soil bacteria - owl - mouse - grass;

d) mouse - soil bacteria - owl - grass

Task 4. Enzymes of saliva break down:

a) proteins;

b) carbohydrates

c) fats;

d) fat soluble vitamins

Task 5. Blood clotting requires, among other things:

A) iron ions;

B) chloride ions;

B) ascorbic acid;

D) calcium ions

Task 6.

According to the Department of Health, many diseases, including cancer of the lungs and larynx, emphysema, and coronary heart disease, are associated with smoking. The table presents data reflecting this dependence as a percentage of the number of people examined.

Rak le soft

non-smokers

Of which in %

smokers

Cancer of the larynx

non-smokers

Larynx

smoking

ing

Ischemic

Heart disease

non-smokers

roaring

Ischemic

Heart disease

smokers

1-10

cigarettes

1-10

cigarettes

1-10

cigarettes

11-20

cigarettes

11-20

cigarettes

11-20

cigarettes

31-40

cigarettes

31-40

cigarettes

31-40

cigarettes

1) What disease poses the greatest risk for both non-smokers and smokers?

2) Some diseases occur in people working in a polluted environment. Which organs are most at risk for disease in smokers?

3) Which of the organs according to the table suffers from cancer to a greater extent as a result of smoking?

Task 7

Read the text "Excitation and inhibition" and complete the task

Excitation and inhibition

The condition for the implementation of any reflex is the integrity of all links of the reflex arc. There are direct and feedback connections between the central nervous system and the working organs, which underlie the self-regulation of such body functions as respiration, blood circulation, excretion, etc. In the implementation of any reflex, two processes are involved - the process of excitation, which causes or enhances a certain activity, and the process of inhibition, which turns off those nerve centers that could interfere with the implementation of this activity of the body. The process of inhibition is the opposite of excitation: it stops, weakens or prevents the occurrence of reflex activity. Excitation that occurs in some centers of the nervous system is accompanied by inhibition in others: nerve impulses entering the central nervous system can delay (slow down) certain reflexes. The phenomenon of central inhibition was discovered by I.M. Sechenov in 1862. The interaction of the processes of excitation and inhibition underlies the nervous activity, regulation and

coordination of functions in the body. For example, during walking, the contraction of the flexor and extensor muscles alternates. When the center of joint flexion is excited, the center of their extension is inhibited. At this point, the extensors relax. When the center of extension is excited, the flexors relax. This ensures the coordinated movement of the muscles.

Inhibition can be unconditional and conditional. An example of unconditioned inhibition would be a dog's aggression when trying to take food away from it. An irritant - in this case a human or another dog - immediately inhibits the food reflex and causes aggression. Inhibition of conditioned reflexes can be, according to I.P. Pavlov, external and internal. External inhibition occurs under the action of a stronger stimulus. The conditioned salivary reflex in a dog, developed to light, is inhibited by a strong sound of a bell. Internal inhibition occurs in the absence of an unconditioned stimulus. If you do not reinforce the conditioned reflexes of the dog with a treat, then they will slow down.

(According to Shustanova TL.)

Using the content of the text "Excitation and inhibition", indicate the links of the reflex arc and explain what is formed in the cerebral cortex during the formation of a conditioned reflex and the occurrence of conditioned inhibition.

Task 8

Read the text "Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells".

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

The electron microscope revealed fundamental differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. It is assumed that prokaryotic (bacterial) cells arose earlier than eukaryotic ones. Bacterial cells have all life functions, but they lack the membrane-enclosed organelles found in eukaryotic cells, namely mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, chloroplasts, lysosomes, and Golgi complexes. Their most important difference lies in the fact that they do not have a nucleus surrounded by a membrane. It is this feature that is decisive in the division of cells into prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Prokaryotic DNA is represented by a single folded circular molecule. Ribosomes are present in prokaryotic cells, but they are smaller here than in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

Prokaryotic cells have cell walls with a slightly different chemical composition than eukaryotic cells. There are no vacuoles with cell sap in prokaryotic cells, and there are no digestive or contractile vacuoles that are present in eukaryotic animal cells.

Using the content of the text "Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells", indicate three processes that occur in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Task 9

The table shows data on changes in the dry mass of insects (in milligrams) during the year in a shrub ecosystem in Argentina.

July

August

September

October

november

December

1,3

0,8

1,7

1,6

0,7

1,2

January

February

March

April

May

June

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,5

1,0

Study the table and answer the questions.

1) What processes are associated with fluctuations in the number of insects?

2) What months are the peaks of insect reproduction?

3) Explain why the biomass of insects fluctuates exactly as shown in the table and graph.

Task 9

Read the text

Direct and indirect development of organisms

Direct development occurs without transformations. In this case, the newly born organism differs from the adult only in size, proportions and underdevelopment of some organs. This development is observed in a number of insects, fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. So, a fry comes out of a fish egg, similar to an adult, but differs from it in size, underdevelopment of scales and fins, and a person gives birth to a small child who cannot walk, talk, etc.

In insects such as grasshoppers, locusts, aphids, a larva emerges from the egg, similar to an adult, which grows, molts and turns into an adult insect or adult.

During development with the transformation from an egg, a larva appears, which is completely different from an adult organism. Such development is called indirect or development with metamorphosis, i.e. the gradual transformation of the organism into an adult. The larvae grow, feed, but in most cases they are not capable of reproduction. Development with transformation is characteristic of a number of insects and amphibians. In insects, during development with complete transformation, the individual passes through several successive stages that differ from each other in the way of life and the nature of nutrition. For example, in the May beetle, a caterpillar emerges from the egg, which has a worm-shaped body. Then the caterpillar, after several molts, turns into a chrysalis - an immobile stage. The pupa does not feed, but develops after some time into an adult insect.

The ways of obtaining food in a caterpillar and an adult beetle are different. The caterpillar feeds on the underground parts of plants, and the beetle feeds on leaves. In some species, adults do not feed at all, but immediately begin to reproduce.

Among vertebrates, development with metamorphosis occurs in amphibians. A larva emerges from the egg - a tadpole. Outwardly, it resembles a fish fry, breathes through gills and moves with the help of fins. After a while, limbs form, lungs develop, and the tail disappears. Two months after leaving the egg, the tadpole turns into an adult frog. However, some amphibians develop with incomplete transformation, such as axolotls. Their larvae of rather large sizes live in water, have five-fingered limbs, breathe with gills and are capable of reproduction.

Using the content of the text "Direct and indirect development of organisms", indicate the main features of organisms that develop with complete transformation, which distinguish them from organisms that develop with incomplete transformation.

Task 10

A culture containing 20 bacteria per 1 ml was placed in fresh milk and placed in a warm place. Thus, the researchers created ideal conditions for the development of bacteria. The table reflects data showing the change in the number of bacteria over several hours.

Number of bacteria

Time

1 hour

100

2 hours

1000

3 hours

10000

4 hours

100 000

5 o'clock

1000 000

6 hours

1000 000

7 o'clock

750 000

8 ocloc'k

700 000

9 o'clock

700 000

10 hours

Study the table and answer the questions.

1) How does the number of bacteria change over time?

2) What explains the fact that after 6-7 hours the number of bacteria begins to decrease?

3) Why does the number of bacteria start to decrease and then stabilize?

Task 11

What part of the reflex arc should be removed from the dog so that the conditioned digestive reflexes developed in it would disappear? Explain the answer.

Answer: Remove sensory neuron

Task 12

A sample of dry seeds weighing 20 g was soaked in water. After swelling of the seeds, the weight of the sample was 50 g.

1. How much water in relation to the mass of the initial sample (in percent) did the seeds absorb during swelling?

2. How does water enter the seeds during swelling?

Task 13 .How to explain the fact that in some plants (mantle, primrose, willow, etc.) shortly before rain or after a wet and warm night, “tears” (drops of water) appear on the tips of the leaves?

Answer: (These plants have water stomata - hydathodes - which release water in a drop-liquid state. This process is called guttation. Water stomata are always open, since they do not have a closing-opening mechanism. Water pumped by root pressure with a certain force in difficult conditions evaporation (before rain, after a wet, warm night) is released in the form of drops - tears on the tips of the leaves).

Task 14 Red clover has been cultivated in Europe since the 14th century. It happened in Germany.

A. What is the origin of the word "clover"?

B. Who contributed to the spread of red clover in Europe?

Q. Why is red clover included in the fodder crop rotation?

Answer:

(A. The word "clover" comes from the German "klee".

B. Insects - pollinators, in particular, bumblebees.

C. Like any legume, clover roots contain bacterial nodules - colonies of nitrogen-fixing bacteria. After the nodules die, the soil is enriched with nitrogen).

Task 15 Photoperiodism is known to play an important role in plant life. How to know that the length of the day serves as a signal for the onset of seasonal changes in plant life?

A. You need to put one plant in the light, and the other in a dark place.

B. One plant should be grown under long day conditions (with additional lighting), and the other under short day conditions (10 hours) and changes in their development should be identified.

C. It is necessary to place the plant in a short day (10 hours) and monitor changes in its development.

D. It is necessary to place the plant in the conditions of a long day (14 hours) and follow the changes in its development.

Kolesnichenko Natalya Georgievna - teacher of Russian language and literature, secondary school No. 11 in Karaganda

Gafiyatullina Alla Mikhailovna - teacher of Russian language and literature, secondary school No. 11 in Karaganda

Tasks for the development of functional reading literacy of students in grades 8-9

Target: preparing students for the international PISA study and developing functional literacy.

Text #1. "GREEN ROOFS"

In metropolitan areas where a lot of natural space is given over to building, green roofing is the ideal solution to compensate for the damage caused to nature. This method of roof arrangement has become especially relevant given the fact that the cost per square meter of land is extremely high, and the use of free roof space made it possible to fill the deficit of green areas, arrange places for recreation and leisure on the roofs of buildings.

Roof greening is a term that refers to the roofs of buildings partially or completely planted with living plants.

Assyria and Babylon are considered the birthplace of "green roofs" (2500 years ago). But the most famous, of course, are the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, known as the seventh wonder of the world.

Today, the leaders in growing green crops on rooftops are the UK, USA, Germany and Switzerland.

Creating green roofs is beneficial for several reasons:

1.Green roofs filter the air, fighting various pollutants, including CO2 (carbon dioxide).

2.Vegetation and soil provide good sound insulation.

3.Green roofs accumulate storm water, it can be cleaned and used in everyday life.

4.Green roofs filter out heavy metals and other pollutants from rainwater.

5. The presence of green roofs increases the number of wildlife in the built-up urban area.

However, despite the fact that the difficult environmental situation in Kazakhstan requires concern for the cleanliness of the environment, which directly affects the health of citizens, the idea of ​​green roofs is not being developed in the republic, referring to climatic conditions.

In our hometown of Karaganda today there are only 7 parks and 28 squares and boulevards. With a population of 453,000 people, there are 6.4 square meters of public green space per inhabitant, which is only 40% of the regulatory recommendations. Where is the exit? ( The text was compiled on the basis of the research work "Green Roofs" of the teacher of geography of the school No. 37 of the city of Karaganda Rogozina T.G.)

Task number 1

Based on the text, answer why green roofs have become relevant in the modern world?

Criteria for evaluation:

This task is to search for information in the text. The correct answer is in the first sentence. If the student answers correctly (substitution of words that do not distort the meaning of the phrase is allowed), he receives 1 point for the answer.

If the answer is incorrect - 0 points.

Task number 2

Complete the table using information from the text. Put a "+" sign in the column with the correct answer.

			No information

Criteria for evaluation:

Right answers

			No information
The homeland of "green roofs" are Assyria and Babylon
The concepts of "green roofs" and "green lungs of the earth" are synonymous
Japan is the leader in green roofs
There is no need to introduce "green roofs" in Kazakhstan
Our country is actively promoting the introduction of "green roofs" in large cities
"Green roofs" can be used to grow vegetables, fruits and other greenery

5-6 correct answers - 1 point.

Less than 5 correct answers - 0 points.

Task number 3.

Consider these two drawings. What do they have in common and how do they differ? Write down your answer.

Answer ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Fig.1 Fig.2

Criteria for evaluation:

When evaluating the answer, attention is drawn to the student's use of the following keywords: gardens of Babylon, hanging gardens, the seventh wonder of the world, Babylon, metropolis, air pollution, development, aesthetic appearance, landscaping, place for recreation, clean air.

It is allowed to replace keywords with synonymous words and expressions.

If the student drew parallels between the two drawings, was able to establish the relationship between them, and also clearly identified the differences, he receives 2 points for his answer.

If he found only similarities, but did not find differences - 1 point.

If you found differences, but did not find similarities - 1 point.

If you used 1-3 of all the proposed keywords - 1 point.

If you did not find similarities and differences - 0 points.

If you were carried away by a detailed description of the hanging gardens, but did not draw conclusions - 0 points.

Task number 4

Here are a few elements from the "Green Roof Construction" scheme. Count how many spellings are in each name, fill out the table below and draw a graph based on the data obtained.

	Components	The number of spellings in a word

Criteria for evaluation:

Right answers

	Components	The number of spellings in a word

The correct curve on the graph is 2 points.

The table is filled out correctly, but the graph is incorrectly built - 1 point.

There are 1-2 errors in the table (which means that the graph is built incorrectly) -

More than 2 errors in the table (the graph is built incorrectly) - 0 points.

Task number 5

Do you agree that "green roofs" are sometimes referred to as the "fifth façade" of a building? Justify your answer.

Answer______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Criteria for evaluation:

The student agrees with this statement, and then argues his answer in 3-4 sentences. The answer must contain keywords or words synonymous with them: facade, building, front part, external side, architecture, decor, purpose, image.

If there are keywords or words synonymous with them, two or more arguments are given, the answer is concise and contains conclusions, turns of speech “I think”, “therefore”, “thus”, etc. are used. - 2 points.

If there are keywords or words synonymous with them, but there are no arguments or the arguments are unconvincing - 1 point.

If the answer does not contain the concept of "facade" or the interpretation of this word - 0 points.

If the answer does not contain any of the keywords - 0 points.

If the student does not agree with this statement - 0 points.

- Grandpa, look what a whip I found! Grandfather raised his glasses to his forehead. - Look, you are a belt! And, in any way, woven into six ends.

I swung the whip and made a loud crack.

– Clever... And where did you find it?

- And on the road.

“And you don’t know whose whip it is?”

I shrugged as naturally as possible. Although, of course, I knew whose whip it was. Grandfather Egor! He just went to the station yesterday and, apparently, dropped it, returning drunk in the evening. Grandpa sighed.

- The day has just begun, and you have already sinned twice: you took someone else's whip and lied to me.

And again he began to beat off the scythe. When he finished, he called me:

- Hey, Vovk, I'm still thinking, where are you going to snap this whip. It's not allowed on the street. Suddenly Egor will see or the guys. And they will tell him. Is it in the garden? But you can’t swing there - there is no space. So it turns out - you need to hide it.

In the evening, at the samovar, grandfather again spoke of the whip.

- Well, have you thought about where you will hide it? Under the pillow, it seems to be the most reliable ...

I blushed. I was just thinking about exactly this - where to hide the whip. And the grandfather continued, slowly sipping from the saucer:

- Taking someone else's thing is a simple matter. But to hide it so that the owner does not see - here you need to think hard. But you are a big head. Mother says - you study for one five ...

Red and sweaty - not from hot tea, but from grandfather's mocking eyes - I slowly climbed down from the bench, took a whip in the entrance hall and went outside the vegetable gardens.

I finally clicked there, and without any pleasure, wandered along the country path to the house of grandfather Yegor. And then he suddenly ran: so I wanted to get rid of this ill-fated whip as soon as possible.

(261 words)

(V. Volkov)

1. Define the heroes of the work.

a) Grandfather, grandson, grandfather Yegor;

b) grandson, grandfather;

c) grandson, grandfather, Vovka.

2. Where do the events described in the text take place? Justify your answer: write down words from the text that confirm your choice.

a) in the city

b) in the village.

3. At what time of day do the events described in the text take place?

b) morning, afternoon, evening;

c) morning, evening.

4. What find does the grandson show off to his grandfather?

5. Where did Vovka find the whip?

6. What was the joy of owning a whip?

a) click loudly

b) brag to the guys;

c) store under the pillow.

7. What sins did the grandson say the grandson committed?

8. What meaning do you mean by the word sin?

a) Violate religious and moral prescriptions;

b) commit an act worthy of condemnation, censure.

9. Why, according to grandfather, you can’t snap a whip in the street?

10. What advice did the grandfather give to his grandson?

11. What is the meaning of the grandfather in the words:

a) to think;

b) heady /

12. Why did Vovka want to get rid of the ill-fated whip?

13. Restore the correct sequence of plan items using numbers.

a) Grandfather's advice.

b) Relief from the decision.

c) Bragging about a find.

d) Unwillingness to give the whip to the owner.

14. Think of 1-2 questions to the text.

15. What moral lesson did the grandson learn?

Correct answers to tasks

spit, garden, kitchen gardens, country path

on the road

someone else took a whip and lied to his grandfather

the owner will see

hide the whip under the pillow

think

Sample tasks for the development of functional literacy.

Grade 8, section "Health"

1. Theme "Chemical burns"

Read the text carefully and use the information in the text to answer the questions.

Chemical burns are a common result of carelessness when working with reagents in the laboratory, in chemistry classes, at home. The mechanism of action of acids and alkalis lies mainly in their effect on cellular proteins. Under the influence of acids, dry, strictly limited scabs of a yellow-brown color and even black color appear on the skin; alkalis cause the formation of grayish weeping scabs, not sharply limited. Knowledge of the external picture of chemical burns is necessary because first aid for burns caused by acids differs from first aid for burns caused by alkalis.

First aid. First, the affected area of ​​the burn is freed from clothing. At the same time, the person providing assistance must ensure that he himself does not burn himself with acid or alkali. Then the places affected by acid are poured over with a strong stream of water, a 3% solution of baking soda or soapy water. After washing, the burn surfaces are covered with baking soda powder or bandaged with clean gauze or a bandage.

Acid Burn First Aid

soapy water

bicarbonate soda

Sterile gauze

cotton wool

bandage

First aid for alkali burns

lemon

vinegar

Sterile gauze

cotton wool

bandage

Body surfaces affected by alkalis. Wash with acetic water or lemon juice. Then they fall asleep with citric acid powder and bandage it with a clean bandage.

Question number 1. How to distinguish an acid burn from an alkali burn? (Knowledge)

_____________________________________________________________________________

Question number 2. Why is the affected area washed with a strong jet of water during an acid burn? (Understanding)

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question number 3. Is it possible to get a chemical burn with citric acid or a soda solution? (Application)

It is possible if the solution of citric acid or soda is concentrated

Not really

It is impossible, since these substances are publicly available and are sold in grocery stores

Not really

Question number 4. Why are there different first aid measures for acid and alkali burns? (Analysis)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question number 5. Why, with chemical burns, it is impossible to lubricate the affected area of ​​​​the skin with brilliant green or iodine? (Synthesis)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question No. 6. Justify the use of rubber gloves when cleaning sinks and stoves with modern cleaning products. (Grade)

_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Grade 8, section "Health"

2. Topic: "VACCINATIONS AGAINST FLU"

The Makpal school gave out a flyer that says, “The best way to fight the flu virus is to have a healthy body. Daily gymnastics and a certain diet that contains a lot of vegetables and fruits are recommended, first of all, to help the immune system fight the virus. But there is another way to deal with this dangerous enemy - vaccination. Vaccinations are free and available to everyone. Participation is voluntary. According to medical workers, timely vaccination will help to avoid the disease or get sick in a mild form. However, it can cause side effects such as fatigue, mild fever, and arm pain.

Despite the fact that millions are spent annually in the republic on the purchase of vaccines, only 10% of the population is immunized. For comparison, in European countries, 70% of the population is immunized.”

Question 1: Ways to improve immunity.

Which of the following boosts immunity?

A. Diet containing vegetables and fruits

B. Visiting crowded places

C. Drinking energy drinks

D. Change your place of residence

Question 2: Reasons for vaccination

A. Why is it necessary to vaccinate the population?

Justify your answer:

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Q. What are the reasons for early annual vaccination of the population?

Justify your answer:

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 3:

A student in a mini project compared the attendance of physical education classes and the incidence of influenza in the classroom. The results of the study are shown below:

Research results:

Attending physical education classes

% of cases

Regular

Irregular visit

Almost never visited

What is the relationship between these two indicators?

Choose the correct answer and justify:

A. Direct dependency

B. Inverse relationship

C. Indicators are independent

Question 4: Spread of the virus A/H1 N1.

Kazakhstan has 11 cases of A/H1 N1. Threshold levels were exceeded only in three regions: East Kazakhstan, West Kazakhstan and Zhambyl region.

Circle 'Yes' or 'No' on each line

Specify the reason that in the listed areas the incidence rate is higher than in other regions of Kazakhstan?

Yes or no

High population density in the regions

Not really

All are located in different climatic regions

Not really

Relief features

Not really

Question 5: Influenza Prevention

Suggest your own option to increase the motivation of the population to get vaccinated against the influenza virus.

Justify your answer: ____________________________________________________________________________

Grade 9, section: "Structure and composition of the cell."

3. Theme: "Cage"

I .Remembering.

Task number 1: Name the organelles of an animal cell.

II . Understanding

Task number 2: Decide if the given statement is correct (yes or no).

Organelles

Answer optionsNot really

ER is part of the Golgi complex.

Lysosomes are formed from the vesicles of the Golgi complex.

3. Rough ER is covered with ribosomes.

4. The cytoskeleton performs a protective function.

5. Inclusions are non-permanent cell formations.

6. Only plants have a cell wall.

Plants do not have a cell center.

III . Application Task #3 Compose a crossword puzzle on the topic “Cell”, using the key words of its main organelles.

IV . Analysis Task #4 Establish a correspondence between organelles and their functions.

Organoid

Function

1. Membrane

A. Carry out protein biosynthesis (combine amino acids into protein)

2. Centrioles or cell center

B. a “spindle of division” is formed - a specific organoid that evenly distributes chromosomes among daughter cells

3. Leukoplasts

B. Carry out cell movement

4. Lysosomes

D. Decompose harmful and or nutrients, carry out autolysis

5.Core

E. Intracellular transport of substances. Synthesis of fats, biosynthesis of proteins and carbohydrates

6.EPS - endoplasmic reticulum

E. Synthesizes membrane vesicles, stores substances, intracellular transport, modification and synthesis of proteins and carbohydrates

7. Flagella, cilia.

G. Intracellular (turgor) pressure in plant cells

8. Golgi complex

H. Cell life management, ribosome formation

9.Chloroplasts

I. Storage and transmission of hereditary information

10. Mitochondria

K. Synthesis of ATP and some fatty acids

11. Real vacuole

L. Carry out photosynthesis

12. Ribosomes

M. Accumulate starch

13. Chromoplasts

N. accumulate nutrients or harmful substances

14. Chromosome

Protects the cell, performs selective permeability, phage - and pinocytosis

1______, 2_______,3_______, 4______, 5_______, 6_______, 7______, 8_______, 9_______,

10______, 11_______, 12_______, 13_______, 14_______.

V . Synthesis

Pair work. Pair work assignment. The student answered briskly at the blackboard, revealing the process of photosynthesis, but made mistakes. Find them.

The rate of synthesis of organic substances in the cell is constantly changing depending on the situation. In the morning and afternoon, the process of photosynthesis, as a rule, is carried out more slowly than in the evening. On a sunny day, synthesis proceeds faster than on a cloudy day. The system of self-regulation of protein biosynthesis also works in the cell. This takes into account the need of the cell in this organic compound at the moment.

VI . Evaluation Cmake a booklet about the 5 most important functions of the cell. Justify your choice.

Important macronutrient

Potassium is found in all tissues of the human body. But, unlike sodium, potassium predominates inside the cells in a predominant amount. The potassium ion plays an important role in some physiological and biochemical processes, for example, it is involved in the conduction of nerve impulses. A certain concentration of potassium in the blood is necessary for the normal functioning of the heart (3.5-5.0 mmol / l). Potassium enters the body mainly with plant foods; the daily requirement for it is 2-3 grams.

Question 1: Sergey leads a healthy lifestyle. Runs in the park in the morning. Sergey has no bad habits. He observes the diet, eats only meat, eggs, butter, and indulges himself with cheeses of different varieties. At the age of 25, he underwent a routine medical examination. The results of the analysis upset his attending physician.

Result

biochemical blood test

Name: Sergey

Last name: Smirnov

Age: 25 years old

Potassium: 3 mmol/l

Why does Sergey have low potassium levels? What recommendations could the attending physician give him.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

The results of a biochemical blood test for the year

Month

Potassium content

3,1

3,3

3,6

4,1

4,4

4,6

4,9

Has Sergey solved his health problems? Justify your answer.

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Micronutrients

Vitamins are found in food (or in the environment) in very small quantities, and therefore are. To vitamins vitaminology .

Question 1: The patient was diagnosed with vitamin A deficiency. Why did the doctors recommend that the patient eat more red-fleshed vegetables (carrots, tomatoes, peppers), although they do not contain the vitamin?

____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 2: A patient came to the doctor with a pathology of the biliary tract and

pancreas. Avitaminosis of what vitamins can be expected in this case? Why?

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Question 3: A married couple consulted for medical genetic counseling because of infertility. Examination by specialists did not reveal any deviations in health. Only during a detailed survey it was revealed that the woman adheres to a predominantly dairy diet for a long time with an almost complete absence of vegetables in the diet. What was the doctor's diagnosis? What treatment is prescribed? What is the prognosis for this family regarding childbearing?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________