Who is the Marquis de Lafayette? This man was one of the most famous political figures in France. The history of the marquis is the history of three revolutions. The first of these is the American War of Independence, the second is the French Revolution, and the third is the revolution in July 1830. In all these events, Lafayette was directly involved. A brief biography of the Marquis de Lafayette will be discussed in our article.

Origin of the marquis

Lafayette was born into a family that traced its origins to the knightly nobility. At birth in 1757, he received many names, the main of which is Gilbert, in honor of his famous ancestor, who was a marshal of France, an adviser to King Charles VII. His father was a grenadier with the rank of colonel, Marquis Michel de La Fayette, who died during the 7-year war.

Marquis is a title that, according to hierarchical settings, is located between the titles of count and duke in its importance.

It should be noted that the surname was originally written "de La Fayette", since both prefixes indicated an aristocratic origin. After the storming of the Bastille took place in 1789, Gilbert carried out the "democratization" of the surname and began to write "Lafayette". Since that time, this option has been established.

Childhood and youth

The history of the Marquis de Lafayette as a military man began in 1768, when he was enrolled in the College of Duplessis, which was then one of the most aristocratic educational institutions in France. Further events developed as follows:

• In 1770, at the age of 33, his mother Marie-Louise passed away, and a week later his grandfather, a noble Breton nobleman, the Marquis of Riviere, passed away. From him, Gilbert got a large fortune.
• In 1771, the Marquis de Lafayette was enrolled in the 2nd company of the King's Musketeers. It was an elite guard unit, which was called "black musketeers", in accordance with the color of their horses. Gilbert later became a lieutenant in it.
• In 1772, Lafayette graduated from a military college, and in 1773 he was appointed squadron commander of a cavalry regiment.
• In 1775, he was promoted to the rank of captain and transferred to the garrison of the city of Metz to serve in a cavalry regiment.

Arrival in America

In September 1776, according to the biography of the Marquis de Lafayette, a turning point took place in his life. He learned that a rebellion had begun in colonial North America, and the Declaration of Independence was adopted by the US Continental Congress. Lafayette later wrote that his "heart was hooked", he was fascinated by Republican relations.

Despite the fact that his wife's parents secured a place for him at court, he, not afraid to spoil relations with them, decided to go to the USA. To avoid being accused of desertion, Lafayette applied for a discharge from the reserve, ostensibly due to ill health.

In April 1777, the Marquis de Lafayette and 15 other French officers sailed from the port of Pasajes in Spain to the American shores. In June, he and his companions sailed to the American bay of Georgetown, near the city of Charleston in South Carolina. In July they were already 900 miles away in Philadelphia.

In an appeal to the Continental Congress, the marquis asked to be allowed to serve in the army without pay as a simple volunteer. He was appointed chief of the army staff and received the rank of major general. However, this post was formal and, in fact, corresponded to the post of adjutant to George Washington, commander of the army. Over time, a friendship developed between the two people.

Involvement in the War of Independence

• In September 1777, he received his baptism of fire in a battle that took place 20 miles from Philadelphia, near Brandywine. In it, the Americans were defeated, and the Marquis was wounded in the thigh.
• After in November of the same year, Lafayette, at the head of a detachment of 350 people, defeated the mercenaries at Gloucester, he was appointed commander of a division of 1,200 people, which he equipped at his own expense, since the army, led by Washington, was deprived of the most necessary.

• In early 1778, Lafayette was already in command of the Northern Army, concentrated in the Albany area, in the state of New York. At this time, he campaigned among the Indians against the British and was awarded the honorary name "Formidable Horseman" by them. With his assistance, an agreement was signed on the "Union of the Six Tribes", according to which the Indians, who received generous gifts paid from Lafayette's pocket, pledged to fight on the side of the Americans. And also the Marquis, with his own money, built a fort for the Indians on the border with the Canadians and supplied him with cannons and other weapons.
• In the spring of 1778, the Marquis de Lafayette, as a result of his ingenious maneuver, managed to withdraw the division, which was trapped, which was organized by superior enemy forces, without the loss of weapons and people.

diplomatic function

In February 1778, after severe pneumonia, Lafayette arrived in France on vacation on the frigate Alliance, specially allocated for this purpose by Congress. In Paris, he was received with triumph, the king awarded him the rank of grenadier colonel. At the same time, the general popularity of the Marquis was a cause for alarm at Versailles.

In April, the Marquis de Lafayette returned to the United States already as a person authorized to officially notify Congress that France intended to take military action against the British in the near future by sending a special expeditionary force to North America.

In the future, the marquis participates not only in the war, but also in diplomatic and political negotiations, trying to help strengthen Franco-American cooperation and expand US assistance from the French.

In a break between hostilities, Lafayette again went to France in 1781, where peace negotiations between England and the United States were planned. He is given the rank of camp marshal for the capture of Yorktown, in which he took part. In 1784, he makes a third trip to America, where he is greeted as a hero.

Revolution in France

In 1789, the Marquis de Lafayette was elected representative of the nobility. At the same time, he advocated that the meetings of all estates be held jointly, defiantly joining the third estate. In July, he submitted to the Constituent Assembly a draft "Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen," taking the American Declaration of 1776 as a model.

Against his will, Lafayette took command of the National Guard, but honorably performed his duties, which he considered police officers. So, in October 1789, he was forced to bring the guards under his control to Versailles in order to force the king to move to Paris, but he stopped the murders and riots that had begun.

However, Lafayette's position was ambivalent. As head of the main armed structure in the capital, he was one of the most influential personalities in France. At the same time, he was a liberal politician who could not fully abandon the traditions of the nobility, dreaming of the coexistence of the monarchical order and the triumph of freedom and the democratic principle.

He was against both the violent speeches of the mob and the language of Jacobin orators, but also did not agree with the actions of the king and his courtiers. As a consequence, he has incurred hostility and suspicion on both sides. Marat repeatedly demanded the hanging of Lafayette, and Robespierre groundlessly accused him of complicity in the escape of the king from Paris.

Further developments

In July 1791, Lafayette was a participant in the suppression of the uprising on the Champ de Mars, after which his popularity among the masses declined sharply. When the post of commander of the National Guard was abolished in November, the marquis ran for mayor of Paris, but not without the influence of the royal court, which hated him, lost the election.

Appearing at the Legislative Assembly from the northern border, where he commanded one of the detachments, with a petition from the officers, the Marquis de Lafayette demanded that the radical clubs be closed, that the authority of laws and the constitution be restored, and that the dignity of the king be saved. But the majority of those assembled reacted to him with extreme hostility, and in the palace he was received coldly. At the same time, the queen said that she would rather accept death than help from Lafayette.

Hated by the Jacobins and persecuted by the Girondins, the marquis returned to the army. It failed to bring him to justice. After the king was overthrown, Lafayette arrested representatives of the Legislative Assembly, who tried to swear allegiance to the military to the republic. Then he was declared a traitor and fled to Austria, where he was imprisoned for 5 years in the Olmutz fortress on charges of duplicity by adherents of the monarchy.

in opposition

In 1977, the Marquis de Lafayette returned to France and did not engage in politics until 1814. In 1802, he wrote a letter to Napoleon Bonaparte, where he protested against the authoritarian regime. When he was offered a peerage during the Hundred Days by Napoleon, the Marquis refused. He was elected to the Legislative Corps, where he was in opposition to Bonaparte.

During the second Restoration, Lafayette was on the extreme left, participating in various societies that opposed the return of absolutism. Meanwhile, an attempt was made by the royalists to make the Marquis involved in the murder of the Duke of Berry, which ended in failure. In 1823, Lafayette again visited America, and in 1825 he again sat in the Chamber of Deputies. The Marquis, having passed the Masonic initiation, became a member of the lodge of Masons in Paris.

1830

In July 1830, Lafayette again took charge of the National Guard. In addition, he was a member of the commission that took over the duties of the provisional government. At this time, the Marquis de Lafayette spoke for Louis against the Republic, since he believed that in France the time had not yet come for her.

However, already in September, Lafayette, disapproving of the policy of the new king, resigned. In February 1831, he became chairman of the "Polish Committee", and in 1833 he created the opposition organization "Union for the Defense of Human Rights". Lafayette died in Paris in 1834. In his homeland in Puy, in the department of Haute-Loire, in 1993 a monument was erected to him.

Lafayette family

When Lafayette was 16 years old, he married Adrienne, who was the daughter of the duke. During the Jacobin dictatorship, she had to endure a lot of suffering. She herself was imprisoned, and her mother, grandmother and sister were guillotined because of their noble origin. Since Adrienne was Lafayette's wife, they did not dare to behead her.

In 1795, she was released from prison and, having sent her son to study at Harvard, with the permission of the emperor, she remained to live with her husband in the Olmutz fortress. The family returned to France in 1779, and in 1807 Adrienne died after a long illness.

The Lafayettes had four children - one son and three daughters. One of the girls, Henrietta, died at the age of two. The second daughter, Anastasia, married the count and lived to be 86 years old, the third, Marie Antoinette, in the marriage of the marquis, released memories of the family - her own and her mother's. His son, Georges Washington, after graduating from Harvard, went to serve in the army, where he fought bravely during the Napoleonic wars, and then took an active part in political events on the side of the liberals.

Marquis de Lafayette: quotes

Several sayings attributed to this extraordinary person have come down to our time. Here are some of the quotes from the Marquis de Lafayette:

• One of the statements concerns the relationship between people. Being a man of passions, Lafayette believed: "Infidelity can be forgotten, but not forgiven."
• Another of his famous phrases are the words: "For fools, memory serves as a substitute for the mind." It is believed that they were said to the Count of Provence when he boasted of his inherent phenomenal memory.
• The saying of the Marquis de Lafayette: "Rebellion is a sacred duty" was taken out of context and taken as a slogan by the Jacobins. In fact, he meant otherwise. Here is what the Marquis de Lafayette said: "Rebellion is at the same time the most inalienable right and a sacred duty, when the old order was nothing more than slavery." These words are fully consonant with what is said in v. 35 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, adopted by the French in 1973. At the same time, Lafayette adds: "As far as constitutional government is concerned, the strengthening of the new order is necessary here so that everyone can feel safe." It is in this way, based on the context, that the statement of the Marquis de Lafayette about the uprising must be understood.
• There are also discrepancies about the following phrase: "The monarchy of Louis Philippe is the best of the republics." After the completion of the July Revolution on July 30, 1830, Lafayette presented Prince Louis of Orleans to the Parisian republican public, placing a tricolor banner in the hands of the future king. At the same time, he allegedly uttered the indicated words, which were printed in the newspaper. However, later Lafayette did not acknowledge his authorship.
• 07/31/1789, during an address to the townspeople in the Paris City Hall, pointing to the tricolor cockade, Lafayette exclaimed: "This cockade is destined to go around the entire globe." Indeed, the tricolor banner, having become a symbol of revolutionary France, went around the globe.

Lafayette, being an extraordinary heroic personality, left his mark on modern culture. So, he acts as the hero of the musical Hamilton staged on Broadway, which tells about the life of A. Hamilton, the 1st US Treasury Secretary. And also Lafayette is a character in several computer games. He is not bypassed by the attention of filmmakers who shot several films about him. There is also a series about the Marquis de Lafayette - “Turn. Spies of Washington.

Lafayette I Lafayette (La Fayette)

Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roque Gilbert Motier (Mothier), Marquis de (09/06/1757, Chavagnac, - 05/20/1834, Paris), French politician. From a wealthy aristocratic family. Having made contact with B. Franklin, L. went to North America in 1777 to participate in the war of the American colonies of Great Britain for independence. Received the rank of General in the US Army. Actively participated in military operations near Yorktown (October 1781). Shortly thereafter he returned to France. Participated in the assembly of notables in 1787, where he joined the opponents of the project of Ch. Kalonne (who intended to lay part of the taxes on the privileged classes). In 1789, L., who was elected a deputy from the nobility to the Estates General, supported their transformation into the National Assembly. The day after the storming of the Bastille (July 14, 1789), L. became commander of the National Guard. At the beginning of the revolution, L.'s popularity was very great. As the revolution deepened, L., who remained on the positions of liberal-constitutional monarchism, tried to slow down the further development of the revolution. He took an active part in the anti-democratic Society of 1789, then in the Feuillants Club (See Feuillants). Supervised the execution of an anti-monarchist demonstration on the Champ de Mars in Paris (July 17, 1791). Appointed after the outbreak of war with the anti-French coalition in 1792 as commander of one of the armies, he intended to use the army to suppress the revolution. In June 1792 he addressed the Legislative Assembly with a demand to "bridle" the Jacobins. A few days after the overthrow of the monarchy as a result of a popular uprising on August 10, 1792, L. tried to move troops against revolutionary Paris. Having failed in this, he fled, leaving the army. L. expected to get to the Netherlands, but was captured by the Austrians; was in their captivity until 1797. He returned to France in 1800. During the period of the consulate and the empire of Napoleon, he was aloof from active political activity. During the years of the Restoration, he acted as one of the leaders of the liberal-bourgeois opposition; regained great popularity. During the July Revolution of 1830, L., appointed commander of the National Guard, contributed to the preservation of the monarchy and the transfer of the crown to Louis Philippe of Orleans.

Lit.: Latzko A., Lafayette, Z., 1935; Loth D., Lafayette, L., 1952; Dousset, E., La Fayette, P., 1955.

A. Z. Manfred.

II Lafayette (La Fayette, Lafayette; nee Pioche de la Vergne, Pioche de la Vergne)

Marie Madeleine (18.3.1634, Paris - 25.5.1693, ibid.), Countess, French writer. L. outlined the manners of the French court in two memoirs and historical books published posthumously: The Biography of Henrietta of England (1720) and Memoirs of the French Court for 1688 and 1689. (1731). L. printed her novels and stories (Princess Montpensier, 1662; Zaida, vols. 1-2, 1670-71; Princess of Cleves, vols. 1-4, 1678, Russian translation 1959) L. printed anonymously or under someone else's name. The best work of L. - the psychological novel "Princess of Cleves", reveals the spiritual drama of a secular young woman. The interpretation of the problem of marriage, prompted by observations on the life and customs of high society, sharply distinguishes this work from the sugary and far-fetched precision novels of the mid-17th century. (see Precise Literature). The novelty of L.'s novel is also reflected in the artistic form - the simplicity and brevity of the plot, the clarity of the language. Film of the same name, 1960, France.

Cit.: Romans et nouvelles..., P., .

Lit.: Stendhal, W. Scott and The Princess of Cleves, Sobr. soch., vol. 9, L., 1938; Gukovskaya Z. M., M. de Lafayette, in the book: Writers of France, comp. E. G. Etkind. Moscow, 1964. Dedeyan Ch., M-me de La Fayette, P., 1955.

H. A. Sigal.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Lafayette" is in other dictionaries:

Lafayette, Marie Madeleine de Madame de Lafayette This term has other meanings, see Lafayette (meanings). Marie Madeleine de Lafayette (born Marie Madeleine Pios de La Vergne, French ... Wikipedia

Marie Madeleine (Marie Madeleine de La Fayette, 1634 1693) French. writer, author of novels and memoirs. In the works of L. reflected the ideology of the French local nobility associated with the court of the absolute monarch. An aristocrat by origin, L ... Literary Encyclopedia

- (La Fayette) Marie Joseph (1757 1834), marquis, participant (since 1777) of the War of Independence in North America 1775 83. As a general in the American army, he played an important role in the defeat of the British at the Battle of Yorktown (1781). Passionate defender of freedom, ... ... Modern Encyclopedia

- (Marie Jean Paul Roch Yves Gilbert Motier, Marquis deLafayette) famous French. politician (1757 1834). When the proclamation of the independence of the United States caused general enthusiasm in France, L., a young and wealthy nobleman, ... ... Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron

LAFAYETTE- (Marie Joseph L. (1757 1834) French politician, marquis, who participated in the war for independence in North America) High-society fop It exploded to die for good. He flashed with an ornate sword Over the ocean Lafayette. (rphm.: color) Tsv918 (I,388.1) ... Proper name in Russian poetry of the XX century: a dictionary of personal names

- (La Fayette), Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roque Gilbert Motier de (6.IX.1757 20.V.1834), marquis, French. political figure. Genus. in a wealthy aristocratic family. Fascinated by the ideas of the French. enlighteners, L. in Aug. 1777 went to America to fight ... ... Soviet historical encyclopedia

- (foreigner) liberal (by the name of Maxime Lafayette (1757 1834), the famous French politician, author of the draft declaration of the rights of man and citizen) Cf. Nozdrev! are you mon cher? If it's you, then why are you looking so lafayette?... ... ... Michelson's Big Explanatory Phraseological Dictionary

Lafayette- (La Fayette) Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roque Gilbert Motier de (1757 1834), French. polit. military figure. Gene. army, marquis. Genus. in a wealthy aristocrat. family. In 1777 he left for America, where he fought against the military. English forces. crowns, received the rank of gene. ... ... Dictionary of generals

"LAFAYETTE"- type of nuclear missiles. Submarine (SSBN) US Navy, armed strategist. ballistic missiles. They are part of the sea. strategist. US nuclear forces. Water change surface 7300 t, supply. 8300 t, length 130 m, lat. 10.1 m, draft 9.6 m. dives up to 400 m. Power… … Military Encyclopedic Dictionary

Lafayette M. J.- La Fayette Marie Joseph (17571834), marquis, French. polit. figure. Member of the War of Independence in the North. America 177583 (with the rank of General of the American Army). At the beginning, Franz rev tsii con. 18th century commands. National guard. Supporter... ... Biographical Dictionary

L., a young and wealthy nobleman, who had been brought up on the educational literature of the 18th century, equipped a ship at his own expense and, at the head of a detachment of volunteers, went to America. Congress immediately promoted him to major general. Despite several setbacks, L., by all accounts, showed a very serious military ability. In February 1780, Mr.. L. made a trip to his homeland to meet with his wife; served an 8-day arrest for unauthorized absence abroad, but nevertheless met with a very good reception from Louis XVI, who openly, by this time, had taken the side of the United States. Returning to America, L., at the head of a small detachment, managed to cut off the retreat of General Cornwallis. After the conclusion of peace, L., in 1784, made a third trip to America; this time it was a triumphal procession for him. In the meeting of notables in 1787, L. belonged to the opposition against Calonne. Elected in 1789 as a representative of the nobility to the Assembly of the States General, he was among those few nobles who stood for joint meetings of the estates; On June 25, he joined the Third Estate. On July 12, he proposed the foundation. meeting the first draft of the "Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen", compiled by him on the model of the American Declaration of 1776. After the capture of the Bastille, the king had to agree to the appointment of L. head of the National Guard. On October 5, L., against his will, had to lead the national guard to Versailles in order to force the king to move to Paris; when riots and murders began on the night of the 6th, he energetically stopped them. After the relocation of the king to Paris, L., as chief of the main armed forces of the capital, was one of the most influential people in France. A liberal who did not completely renounce noble traditions, he dreamed of combining monarchy and order with freedom and the triumph of democratic principles; the rampage of the mob, the language of the Jacobin orators deeply resented him, but he liked the way the king and courtiers acted even less. As a result, he aroused against himself the extreme dislike of the king and especially the queen - and at the same time strong suspicions of extreme parties; Marat repeatedly demanded that he be hanged. When the king fled from Paris on June 20, 1791, then, despite the measures taken by L. for his return, suspicion fell on him, completely unfounded, in facilitating the flight; Robespierre, in the Jacobin club, directly accused him of this. After he took part in the suppression of the uprising on July 17, 1791. on the Champ de Mars, his influence is waning. In November 1791, when the post of Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard was abolished, L. put his candidacy for mayor of Paris, but was defeated by Pétion. Following this, L. was sent to the sowing. border, the head of one of the three detachments of the northern army; from there he followed the events in Paris with increasing irritation. He sent letters to the legislature protesting against his decisions; but the letters did not work. Then he left the camp and appeared at the meeting with the address of the officers, demanding the punishment of terrorist clubs, the restoration of the authority of laws and the constitution, and the salvation of royal dignity. Most of the assembly reacted to the "new Cromwell" extremely hostile. In the palace he was also received dryly; "Better death than L.'s help," said the Queen. Under such conditions, he did not consider it possible to take any action. Haunted by the hatred of the Jacobins and the suspicions of the Girondins, he returned to the army; the proposal to bring him to trial did not pass. After the overthrow of the king, L. not only refused to accept the commissioners of the legislative assembly, who came to swear allegiance to the newly proclaimed republic, but arrested them; then the assembly declared him a traitor and demanded to answer. L. fled, but fell into the hands of the Austrians and was imprisoned in the Olmutz fortress, where, in the appalling conditions of an Austrian prison, he spent 6 years. In 1797 he was released and after 18 Brumaire he returned to France, where he lived until 1814 as a private man; only in 1802, during a plebiscite, did he turn to Napoleon with a letter in which he protested against the restoration of sole power. During the Hundred Days, Napoleon offered him a peerage, which L. rejected. In the Chamber of Deputies, in which he meanwhile was elected, L. stood in resolute opposition to the government; his desire already then was the calling to the throne of Louis-Philippe d'Orleans. During the second restoration, he belonged to the extreme left side of the Chamber of Deputies and took part in various societies that had the goal of fighting against the existing order of things. The publicly established "society of friends of the freedom of the press" (Tracy, C. Perrier, Lafitte, and others) was closed 2 years after its foundation (1821), but the "secret committee of action" behind it, in which L. Argenson and others participated . has existed longer. Attempts by reactionaries to implicate L. in the Hertz murder case. Berry failed. Having retired from the chamber (1823), together with the entire liberal party, as a result of the expulsion of Manuel, L. made a new triumphal trip to America. From 1826 he again sat in the Chamber of Deputies. On July 29, 1830, L., at the request of the people, took command of the National Guard and, at the head of this quickly organized force, ended the street struggle. At the same time, he was a member of the municipal commission that acted as the interim government. At that moment he was the most popular man in Paris and the master of the moment. He spoke against the republic and for. Louis-Philippe of Orleans, since the latter "is the best of the republics." The new king approved him with the rank of commander-in-chief of the national guard; but already in September of the same year, L., dissatisfied with the general direction of the policy of Louis-Philippe, resigned. In 1833 he founded the opposition Union for the Defense of Human Rights. A monument to L. was erected in Puy (dpt. Upper Loire, the place of his homeland) in 1883. See RegnaultWarin, "Memoires pour servir a la vie du general L." (Paris, 1824); "Voyage du general L. aux Etats Unis en 1824-25" (Paris, 1826); Sarrans, "L. et la revolution ae 1830" (2nd ed. P. 1832); "Memoires, coirespondance et manuscripts du general L." (Paris, 1837 - 38); Budinger, "L., ein Lebensbild" (Lpts. 1870); Budinger, "L. in Oesterreich" (Vienna, 1879); Bayard Tuckermann, "Life of general L." (New York, 1889); Bardoux, "La jeunesse de L." (Paris, 1892); Bardoux, "Les dernieres annees de L." (Paris, 1892). The sons of L.: Georges (died in 1849) and Oscar (died in 1881) were members of the Chamber of Deputies, and the latter was also a legislator. assemblies of the times of the second and third republics, later - for life senator.

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USA

Marie Joseph Paul Yves Roche Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette(fr. Marie-Joseph Paul Yves Roch Gilbert du Motier, marquis de La Fayette ; 6 September ( 17570906 ) , Chavagnac Castle - May 20, Paris) - French politician. Participated in three revolutions: the American Revolutionary War, the French Revolution and the July Revolution of 1830.

Childhood and early years

On his father and mother, the Marquis de La Fayette belonged to the so-called nobility of the sword (i.e., acquired by military service). Soon after the birth of the six inherited names, the boy was chosen one main - Gilbert - in memory of his father and famous ancestor from the La Fayette family. It was named in memory of Gilbert de La Fayette, Marshal of France, associate of the legendary Joan of Arc and closest adviser to King Charles VII. Gilbert's father, Grenadier Colonel, Knight of the Order of St. Louis Louis Christophe Roque Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de La Fayette died during the Seven Years' War with the British in the battle of Hastenbeck (Eng. Hastenbeck) July 26, 1757.

United States War of Independence

Marquis de la Fayette

In December 1777, La Fayette took part in a successful operation against the British in the area of ​​the Squikill River.

As the commander of the Northern Army stationed near the Canadian border, La Fayette led active agitation in favor of the American rebels among the Indian tribes, who, at the instigation of the British, attacked American settlements and even forts. On March 9, 1778, La Fayette took part in a meeting of the Indian leaders of the Six Tribes Union, which took place in the territory occupied by the British. The meeting was attended by 500 Indian leaders of the Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga, Oneida, Mohawk and Tuscarora tribes. La Fayette made a speech to the Indian leaders in which he tried to set out in an accessible form the main principles and goals of the American Revolution. He made a number of convincing arguments against the British and won the unanimous approval of those present. In a solemn ceremony and in accordance with the age-old Indian ritual, La Fayette was awarded the honorary name Kayevla, which was borne by one of the most revered legendary Indian military leaders. The meeting ended with the signing of an agreement on the alliance of the Six Tribes, who pledged to fight all the enemies of Kayevla on the side of the Americans, with songs, dances and the distribution of gifts to the leaders. And valuable gifts to Indian leaders, and the cost of maintaining the Northern Army, La Fayette paid from his own pocket. Beaumarchais responded to the Marquis with the following words: "This young crazy Marquis de La Fayette, who, not content with having opened his heart to America, opened his wallet to her."

With his own money, La Fayette built, at the request of the leaders of the Six Tribes, a fort on the US-Canadian border to protect against the "common enemy" and equipped it with cannons and other weapons.

From the first minute of his appearance in Paris, La Fayette became the hero of the day. Queen Marie Antoinette herself obtained consent from the king to promote La Fayette to the rank of colonel of the royal grenadiers. However, the popularity of the Marquis worried about Versailles. In the autumn of 1779, La Fayette turned to J. Washington with a request to officially summon him to the United States. At the beginning of 1780, such a request came and was immediately granted by Versailles. La Fayette was authorized to officially notify Congress of the decision of the French government to send Rochambeau's expeditionary force to North America as soon as possible to participate in joint military operations against England. March 13, 1780, the Marquis on the Royal Navy frigate "Hermione" departed from Larochelle, and April 27 - entered the harbor of Boston.

After his arrival in the United States, La Fayette participates both in military operations (as part of N. Green's army) and in political and diplomatic negotiations. He saw it as his duty not only to be on the battlefield, but also to strengthen Franco-American cooperation, to expand French assistance to America.

Taking advantage of the break in hostilities that came after the Yorktown operation (September-October 1781), La Fayette decided to visit France, where peace negotiations between the United States and England were soon to begin. Having received leave from Congress, Lafayette returns to France on December 18, 1781. At the king's reception for participation in the capture of Yorktown, Lafayette is promoted to the rank of field marshal.

After the conclusion of peace, La Fayette, in 1784, made a third trip to America; this time it was a triumphal procession for him.

French revolution

After the taking of the Bastille, the king had to agree to the appointment of Lafayette as head of the national guard. Lafayette was weary of police duties and understood that their performance harmed his popularity, but he considered it his duty to fulfill those duties that the nation would entrust to him. For example, on October 5, Lafayette, against his will, was forced to lead the national guard to Versailles in order to force the king to move to Paris. When on the night of the 6th riots and murders began, he energetically stopped them.

After the relocation of the king to Paris, Lafayette, as chief of the main armed forces of the capital, was one of the most influential people in France. A liberal who did not completely abandon noble traditions, he dreamed of combining monarchy and order with freedom and the triumph of democratic principles; the rampage of the mob, the language of the Jacobin orators deeply resented him, but he liked the way the king and courtiers acted even less. As a result, he aroused against himself the extreme dislike of the king and especially the queen - and at the same time strong suspicions of extreme parties; Marat repeatedly demanded that he be hanged. When, on June 20, 1791, the king fled from Paris, in spite of the measures taken by Lafayette for his return, a suspicion fell on him, completely unfounded, of facilitating the flight. Robespierre, in the Jacobin club, directly accused him of this.

After he took part in the suppression of the uprising on July 17, 1791 on the Champ de Mars, his influence wanes. In November 1791, when the post of Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard was abolished, Lafayette put forward his candidacy for mayor of Paris, but was defeated by Pétion.

Lafayette was sent to the northern border, the head of one of the three detachments of the northern army. From there, he followed the events in Paris with increasing irritation. He sent letters to the legislature protesting against his decisions; but the letters did not work. Then he left the camp and appeared in the meeting, with the address of the officers, demanding the punishment of terrorist clubs, the restoration of the authority of laws and the constitution, and the salvation of royal dignity. Most of the congregation reacted to " new Cromwell' extremely hostile. In the palace he was also received dryly; " better death than Lafayette's help' said the queen. Under such conditions, he did not consider it possible to take any action.

Haunted by the hatred of the Jacobins and the suspicions of the Girondins, he returned to the army; the proposal to bring him to trial did not pass. After the overthrow of the king, Lafayette not only refused to receive the commissioners of the legislative assembly, who came to swear allegiance to the newly proclaimed republic, but arrested them; then the assembly declared him a traitor and demanded to answer. Lafayette fled to the Austrians, but was suspected of duplicity and was imprisoned in the Olmutz fortress, where he spent 5 years.

Oppositionist

July Revolution of 1830

Children

Monument to Lafayette in Paris

Sons of Lafayette Georges Washington (d.

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Meaning of the word Lafayette

Lafayette in the crossword dictionary

lafayette

Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998

lafayette

Lafayette (La Fayette) Marie Joseph (1757-1834) Marquis, French politician. Member of the War of Independence in the North. America 1775-83 (with the rank of general in the American army). In the beginning. The French Revolution commanded the National Guard. Being a supporter of a constitutional monarchy, after the uprising on August 10, 1792, he went over to the side of the counter-revolution. During the July Revolution of 1830 he commanded the National Guard; contributed to the accession to the throne of Louis Philippe.

lafayette

Lafayette Marie Madeleine (1634-93) French writer. The novel The Princess of Cleves (1678) and the book Memoirs of the French Court for 1688-1689 (published 1731), marked by observation and subtle psychologism, are at the origins of the European psychological novel.

Lafayette (disambiguation)

Lafayette, Lafayette:

• Lafayette

Lafayette (squadron)

"Lafayette"- fighter squadron, a branch of the French air force during the First World War. Consisted mainly of American volunteer pilots. Named after the Marquis de Lafayette.

Lafayette (aircraft carrier)

"Lafayette" , R96- Independence-class light aircraft carrier, which was in service with the US Navy and the French Navy. She was laid down as a Cleveland-class light cruiser in 1942, reordered and completed as an aircraft carrier in 1942-1943.

Lafayette (surname)

Lafayette:

• Lafayette, Gilbert - (1757-1834) - French politician.
• Lafayette, Marie Madeleine de - (1634-1693) - French writer, known for her novel The Princess of Cleves (1678).

Examples of the use of the word lafayette in the literature.

Young people, with the approving exclamations of the crowd, harnessed to the funeral chariot and fiacre and dragged Lamarck across the Austerlitz bridge, and Lafayette- along the Morland embankment.

But in the face of history, they will not have to blush for this, because other, stronger ones, Robespierre and Carnot, Lafayette, Barras and Napoleon, the most powerful people of their era, will share their fate: in a moment of failure, he will betray them.

However, added Pierre, the Comte de Valence, colonel of dragoons at Chartres and friend of the Duke of Orleans, spread the rumor that Lafayette and other members of the National Assembly believe that it was the duke who initiated the march to Versailles, that he was practically the cause of all these disturbances, and that it would be desirable for all interested parties that the duke should disappear from view for a while.

Monsieur de Romef was sent by Monsieur de Lafayette on the Valenciennes road.

Lafayette, who then tried to please everyone and in everything, gave him a letter of recommendation to the Vendée liberals.

Lafayette he also waited without any fear: he had a national guard, still loyal to him, and in it a corps of nine thousand, made up of former military men, French guards and recruited volunteers.

Her rooms were filled with the luminaries of the political and cultural Olympus of France: Lafayette, Condorcet, Narbonne, Talleyrand.

Lafayette, Condorcet, Desmoulins, Brissot, Danton, Sieyes, as well as the king's brothers, including the Duke of Orleans.

For heaven's sake, Leif, that is Lafayette Why didn't you say before that you had money?

You cleverly came up with this, Leif, ”Swinhild said admiringly, involuntarily succumbing to the mood Lafayette.

Huge hands of Lod shot up, seized Lafayette and lifted him up, leaving bruises on his ribs.

So, Orléanists and Feuillants, Lafayette and Biron were to strike the first blow and blow the trumpets for the first victory.

After all, it was he who corrected all the errors that were contained in the book of the pamphleteer Gascien de Courtil, and found a lot of additional information from Madame de Lafayette, Talman de Reo and a dozen other authors.

army soldiers Lafayette, like all soldiers, have a vague feeling that they themselves are sans-culottes in leather belts, that the victory of August 10 is their victory.

Everyone listened with pleasure to Danton when he attacked Lafayette, but with no less pleasure they listened to Lamet, Sieyes and Barnavu when they defended him, so that when leaving Lafayette and Danton of the Jacobin Club, the salutations were intended for Lafayette and he was escorted home with torches.