Composite facing boards. The use of composite panels for facade cladding

Facade cladding with composite panels- this is the installation of a special coating on the profile subsystems in the form of plates, consisting of an outer, inner metal layer and a polymer layer.The decoration of buildings on the outside allows you to finally form the architectural style, at the same time it must have a certain set of qualities. Ventilated facades are a modern type of cladding that helps to solve two problems at once: to make the building attractive and to provide a high degree of protection from the influence of any weather conditions.

What is called a composite facade?

This type is created in the form of a structure with a certain number of layers, it contains:

• lining material;
• frame with fasteners;
• material or several materials for heat insulation, from wind, moisture;
• gap for ventilation (between the cladding and the wall).

Ventilated facades have a lot of positive properties, so they are gaining more and more popularity. Facing material possible different choice.

The essence of materials is the combination of various materials artificially in order to obtain products with the positive qualities of all the materials involved. Now such technological processes have been brought to perfection and make it possible to obtain high-quality and aesthetic panels.

The composition of the material can include from two materials or more, they can vary significantly in characteristics. Plates receive protection from exposure to sunlight, humidity, precipitation, frost. The outer layer is covered with special types of paints, varnishes, and the surface is protected from scratches and defects during the delivery period with a self-adhesive film.

Advantages and disadvantages

This material is used very widely, they do not suffer from corrosion and have a huge degree of strength. These materials withstand dynamic loads without consequences. Due to its high flexibility, strength and low weight, this type of cladding occupies its niche in our building materials market and is perfect for ventilated facades.

Ventilated facades made of this material can look varied, since sheets with different shades of color are produced. In addition to facades, such materials are also chosen for interior spaces. Materials retain their qualities for a long time, endure both heat and frost, precipitation, temperature changes.

High insulating characteristics make it possible to practically exclude the influence of any external factors on the structure. Plates can be only part of the structure, for example, columns, mosaics, etc. They are used to decorate business buildings, advertising structures, trade pavilions, and various kinds of interiors.

Facing can be completed in a short time period.

Pros:

• full protection from winds, dampness;
• weighting does not occur;
• ease of cleaning, mud pollution almost does not “cling”;
• increased noise protection;
• compliance with fire safety standards;
• vibration absorption, reduced heat loss;
• environmental safety;
• ease of replacement of panels if necessary;
• no expansion when heated.

Like any material, it has its drawbacks.

The installation of the coating must be carried out carefully, since the dyes can easily damage the coating mechanically. Composite ventilation façade is not cheap, so these materials are not often seen in our country, but their quality is worth it.

Panel Views

Aluminum (manufacturer - "Alkotek")

Aluminum materials manufactured by Alcotek are suitable for ventilated facades, cladding, interior decoration, as well as for the creation of advertising objects. These materials are made of two aluminum sheets, between which a filler of a homogeneous type is placed. It is a polymer composition, which includes minerals, fire retardants. A special type of composition with adhesive components allows to achieve strong adhesion of sheets and filler.

Plates are made with a width of 1220, 1500 mm, a thickness of 3-4 mm. Aluminum plates are 0.3–0.5 mm thick. Aluminum materials have a length of 2100 to 8000 mm, which allows you to choose the most suitable products according to the measurements of the buildings.

Aluminum plates have high strength, successfully resist winds, there is no delamination, warping during operation. This factor is important, especially for high-rise buildings. Aluminum plates have a high degree of ductility due to the use of cold rolling. This plus the absence of additional grooves allows you to perform finishing work for facades of any shape. Even for oval, cylindrical, curved structures, the material is suitable. The sheets do not lose their original shape and color and can be used for a long period, since high quality materials are used in their manufacture. Delamination does not occur even in the bending areas during installation work and the entire operational period.

On the back side, these materials are coated with a special composition that prevents the development of corrosive processes. A high degree of adhesion between the layers, resistance to any external conditions make it possible to use aluminum sheets at temperatures from +80 to -50 degrees.

Steel (manufacturer "Kraspan")

Plates of the brand "Kraspan" made of steel are multilayered, the front part consists of a sheet of steel with galvanization, protection is provided from above by coating. It is based on polyester or polyvinylidene fluoride and comes in a variety of shades.

The middle of the panels is made of a polymer material, it is non-toxic and non-flammable. The back side is made of galvanized steel. Fastening with rivet or cassette. Panels "Kraspan" belong to the category of fire-resistant.

Panel width - 1250 mm, length - from 2000 to 4500 mm. The total thickness is 2 mm (1.4 mm - filler, and 0.3 mm each - steel sheets). Installation of panels made of steel grade "Kraspan" is made of U-shaped or L-shaped metal, it is possible to mount in the area of ​​ceilings between floors. Sheets are suitable for the sunny sides of buildings, retain their shape with gusts of wind.

aluminum panel

The basis for the panels is a 0.5 mm layer of aluminum, followed by polymer sheets.

The structure of aluminum panels includes:

• coating for protection against corrosive processes;
• composition with a primer for even greater protection against corrosion;
• aluminum sheet with high strength;
• non-toxic plastic or other polymer;
• second aluminum sheet, also durable:
• primer containing polyvinylidene fluoride resin (PVDF);
• composition for dyeing with PVDF;
• self-adhesive film.

To provide an even greater degree of strength, each component of the panels is coated with a special composition. There are sheets of materials that are not prone to combustion. As additional layers in the panels, carbide and other non-toxic substances can be placed. For panels, ease and convenience of installation are important. For one square meter, the weight of aluminum alloy panels can vary from 3 to 8 kg. Sheets are made with standard parameters, however, you can place an order according to the desired dimensions.

steel panel

Steel sheets are very popular and have a lot of positive qualities:

• wind resistance, including hurricanes;
• strength is higher than that of aluminum products;
• impressive service life;
• temperature tolerance from -50 to +80 °C;
• perfect smoothness;
• possibility of installation using rivets;
• rust protection.

Steel sheets are great for manufacturing because they can withstand high temperatures.

Mainly there are steel sheets with the following structure:

• protective covering;
• galvanized steel sheet;
• thermopolymer adhesive;
• composite material;
• thermopolymer adhesive;
• second sheet of steel;
• primer;
• enamel or PL-polyester film for corrosion protection;
• protection film.

Application possibilities

Each manufacturer produces plates of different colors, the number of colors is not more than 20. The shades are similar, but in reality they will always have differences, the same applies to the level of gloss or haze. In addition to the main colors, more interesting ones can be found: for example, silver, bronze, gold, etc.

Slabs imitating various materials (wood, granite, marble, steel) are highly attractive. You can also find slabs with chameleon flowers that give a different effect from different angles of view, but when choosing them, you need to clarify whether they are suitable for decoration.

The most extensive area of ​​application for panels is the cladding of buildings, when the material is attached to a pre-created frame made of profiles. The advantage of this method is the ability to install in the winter. Also, the coating can be applied on old, cracked. Any building receives a complete, attractive and modern look.

Construction device

The arrangement of a ventilated facade made of panels is attractive to many, because such a facade is quite multifunctional. The main idea is to obtain a durable coating using lightweight materials.

All subsystems have a lot of similarities and consist of layers that are mounted on a rigid frame. The frame is installed separately, it is attached to the outside of the walls of the building. Installation of panels is almost the same as working with steel panels. The load-bearing design consists of a set of profiles, as well as brackets. Such systems make it possible to make the surfaces smooth, correct all the shortcomings, and after the correct installation of the base, all panels will lie flat.

They make ventilation facades with layers for:

• wind protection;
• heat insulation;
• steam protection.

On top of the material or several materials for the implementation of the listed functions, the top coating itself is placed - the panels. They are in themselves a significant protection and decorative element.

The components of the ventilated façade are thought out so that each layer fully fulfills its purpose. The materials placed inside should not allow the insulation to get wet. However, the main protection is provided by the panels, they do not allow the internal structure to be mechanically damaged, get wet or otherwise suffer from any weather conditions.

Material consumption for the illegal armed formation system

When the insulation has already been selected, its quantity is calculated in the same way as for finishing panels. For private buildings, for example, mineral wool, polystyrene are used. It is not worth saving too much and taking too thin a layer of insulation, otherwise it may not “pull” the necessary functions.

When calculating the number of brackets, the area and type of panels are taken into account. Aluminum frames are lighter, and their arrangement is more economical. The heavier the selected panels, the more often the brackets are placed. For insulation, dish-shaped dowels are needed, usually 5 pieces are taken for each of the plates.

Also, do not forget that you need to hire professionals for installation, allocate funds for geodetic work, and get advice from specialists.

Technology of installation works of illegal armed formations

The process is divided into the following steps:

• cleansing;
• markup;
• installation of brackets;
• fixing material for heat insulation;
• installation of guides;
• milling;
• panel installation.

Installation of panels requires extremely accurate marking, manufacturers themselves attach instructions with the requirements for the installation process. From the walls you need to remove drains, air conditioners, antennas. Remove paint or plaster. They are treated with special solutions (primer, antiseptics), and crumbling coatings are also eliminated.

To match the correct geometry of the facade, it is important to place all the components of the structure with the utmost precision. For horizontal markings, a laser or water level is used, and for vertical markings, a plumb line is needed. Lines for profiles are marked in accordance with the width of the panels. After marking at the right points, holes are made for fastener guides. The support points are connected in advance, the resulting grid helps to accurately position the decor.

Brackets made of aluminum or steel are fixed, their design allows you to adjust the position in the plane area. After that, the carrier profile systems will be located.

Seals are used for insulation between the wall and the panels. Special gaskets help to avoid frame deformation at extremely low or high temperatures. Brackets with a sealing layer are attached with anchor bolts, a step of 60–75 cm is considered standard.

Insulation installation:

• material is placed in the spaces between the brackets;
• make cuts to secure the brackets;
• in the corners and in the center, the insulation must be fixed;
• then a membrane is attached to protect against steam and wind, dish-shaped dowels are used.

For frames, a P-, T-, L-shaped profile was used, assembly is carried out according to the instructions. Vertically located guides are fixed with self-tapping screws or rivets, a gap of 40 mm between the insulation and the panels is required. Then horizontal panels are mounted, the step is equal to the parameters of the sheathing material. When the elements are ready, their placement in space is leveled using a thread between the first and last of the profiles. It is important to fix the frame evenly and leave the proper gap.

The installation is influenced by the type of panels. With the closed type, the profile is bent and inserted into the groove. Open installation implies butt-end arrangement and fastening with locks.

When performing facing work, it is important not to damage the panels, the price of which can be quite high. Only correct and accurate assembly will achieve the properties that the structure must fulfill. Fasten the panels, starting from the bottom and moving up. It is important to prevent foreign bodies in the area of ​​the gaps. High-quality installation is a guarantee of attractive appearance and long service life.

Construction cost

The panels do not belong to the class of cheap materials; you will have to pay more for their high quality indicators than for other finishing materials.

But they are light, give the opportunity for creative design, easily amenable to work for the purpose of repair. It is also vandal resistant. The cost is affected by components, the type of selected panels (material), and the service time will also depend on this. There are universal type panels that are resistant to fires, as well as premium class panels.

For fastening, you need to use a milling machine, have the necessary knowledge, it is also desirable to complete a cutting project.

№	Name	Unit measurements	Price
1	Geodetic survey	m 2	50 rub.
2	Design work	m 2	95 rub.
3	Subsystem from the estimated	m 2	670 rub.
4	Rockwool insulation 100 mm + 5% for cutting	m 2	350 rub.
5	Composite cassettes G1 4mm, taking into account the consumption of 15%	m 2	1390 rub.
6	Subsystem fasteners (rivets, anchors)	m 2	85 rub.
7	Galvanized flashings, slopes 0.7 mm painted according to RAL	m 2	380 rub.
8	Parapet cover subsystem 1 mm thick (primed)	m 2	250 rub.
9	Parapet caps 0.7 mm painted according to RAL	m 2	590 rub.
10	Unexpected expenses	m 2	40 rub.
11	Fare	m 2	25 rub.
12	Installation / dismantling of construction hoists	m 2	95 rub.
13	Installation of facade substructure	m 2	560 rub.
14	Insulation installation	m 2	290 rub.
15	Installation of window sills / slopes	m.p.	295 rub.
16	Milling/assembly of cassettes	m 2	265 rub.
17	Mounting cassettes	m 2	520 rub.
18	Installation of parapets	m.p.	740 rub.

Composite facade panels - one of the types of panels for facade decoration in the "curtain facade" system. They are made from a variety of materials, with different surface textures, but, in any case, either the cladding of a country cottage or a city office is performed, a hinged facade made of composite panels will look status and stand out from the general range of buildings.

A composite panel is an agglomerate of several glued dissimilar materials: the base is 2 sheets of metal, most often aluminum with a thermal insulation layer between them, on the metal is glued, on the one hand, the finishing layer is wood, clinker tiles, lamination or protective coating, on the reverse side - anticorrosive protection.

Each manufacturer develops a composite panel according to their own standards, so there can be many components, but the simplest standard panel consists of the following layers:

• protective layer;
• paintwork material;
• aluminum sheet;
• adhesive composition;
• filler;
• adhesive composition;
• aluminum sheet;
• anti-corrosion layer.

Aluminum composite and (or ACP) produce a variety of sizes and shapes:

• square from 600x600 mm;
• elongated from 900x1200 to 1.5x4 m.

The thickness of the AKP varies between 2–6 mm. Many manufacturers do not indicate a specific size range of products, offering customers to order panels of the size they need for a specific facade.

Characteristics and types of composite panels

Of the composite panels, ACPs perform several functions - first of all, decorative, then protecting the outer walls from adverse weather conditions: precipitation in the form of rain and snow, wind.

Automatic transmission technical characteristics:

• temperature range of application - +80 ... -58 ° С;
• soundproofing;
• weight no more than 8 kg/m2;
• fire safety;
• environmental friendliness;
• durability.

The following fillers are used for the manufacture of ACP:

• mineral wool - has a flammability group G1, does not emit toxic smoke in case of fire, does not melt, ACP with such a layer is used in facade cladding;
• due to the addition of a fire retardant, polyethylene foam does not burn, has a low weight, due to which it can be used for cladding thin structures and weak bases, and is used for interior decoration;
• aluminum-based honeycomb or mesh structures do not burn, the rigidity of such ACP withstands high wind loads, which makes it possible to use this type of composite panels for cladding buildings of great height, they are distinguished from other panels by an increased cost.

The types of façade finishes of AKP are diverse, the coating can be smooth or textured, glossy or matte, have a texture similar to stone or wood of different species.

The main types of finishes for automatic transmission:

• Polyester paints and varnishes have good moisture resistance and resistance to UV radiation, service life of 5 ... 6 years. Interior decorations are applied.
• Paintwork materials based on PVDF do not absorb dirt, are resistant to mechanical damage and ultraviolet radiation. Service life of 20…25 years is ideal for facade finishing.
• By electrochemical treatment of the aluminum surface, an oxide film is obtained, which serves as a reliable protection against all types of damage - it is not afraid of corrosion, UV radiation, precipitation in the form of rain and snow, shock and scratching. On the surface, the film forms a mirror effect. The service life of the coating is 15…20 years.
• Lamination. With the help of lamination, various textures of polished metal, stone or wood are imitated. The most expensive coating with a service life of 15 ... 20 years.

The best panel manufacturers

Due to the high cost of the product, not many companies are engaged in the production of automatic transmission, but about 30 companies from Europe, Russia, China, and joint ventures are represented on the construction market of the Russian Federation. The leader can be called a product under the brand name "Alukobond", as well as the brands "Goldstar" and "ALLUXE".

ALLUXE

Automatic transmission of a Chinese manufacturer according to European technology of excellent quality is certified in all respects. As a layer between the aluminum base, a mineral wool or polymer filler is used, the coating is PVDF with a glossy or matte surface in 23 color options. Size range:

• width 1.25 m;
• length 5.7 m;
• thickness 3; 4 mm.

goldstar

Brand from a Russian manufacturer, has all certificates, filler - mineral or polymer, PVDF coating in the RAL color system of several textures:

• series "Vologda" - imitation of wood;
• the Mirror series imitates polished metal and mirrors;
• the Palermo series imitates various natural stone.

Size range:

• width 1.22–1.25–1.5 m;
• two lengths - 2.44; 4 m;
• thickness 3;4 mm.

Alukobond

Alukobond ACPs produced jointly by Germany and Switzerland combine flexibility with high strength, which makes it possible to use them for finishing curved surfaces. The product line includes all types of finishes - wood, stone, glossy and matt surfaces in a wide range of colors.

Size range:

• width 1.0 ... 1.5 m;
• length 3.2 ... 8 m;
• thickness.

The manufacturer gives a guarantee for the preservation of the original appearance for 50 years.

In addition to the leaders, the products of ACPs from Kraspan, WinBond, Alcotek, YARET, Dibond are in demand.

Installation of panels on a ventilated facade

To cover the facade with a composite panel, a supporting frame is needed. The frame is made of galvanized roofing steel, or aluminum L-, U- or T-shaped. Installation of a hinged facade involves the preliminary implementation of a number of works:

• project development based on the recommendations of the system manufacturer and color scheme;
• surface preparation - repair or leveling;
• frame construction;
• wall insulation if necessary;
• automatic transmission installation.

The implementation of the first two types of work depends on the material and condition of the walls (reinforced concrete panels, brick, cellular blocks) of a particular building, it is considered individually and does not require a description in this article.

Frame construction

The construction of the supporting frame is carried out in several steps:

• Marking holes for mounting brackets.
• Mounting brackets.
• Adjustment.
• Installation of insulation, if provided by the project.
• Installation of bearing profiles.
• Installation of guides.

The construction of the frame begins with the transfer to the facade of the design layout of the position of the brackets, which corresponds to the dimensions of the cladding panels. For fixing vertical profiles, brackets are fixed to the wall after 45 ... 50 cm, at the corners of the building, near window and door openings.

The vertical distance between the brackets is chosen depending on the color scheme and the size of the panels in height. The brackets are used to adjust the front surface, so the quality of the entire work depends on the correct adjustment.

ATTENTION! Since the entire load from the hinged facade falls on the brackets, fixing them into the seams of masonry or panels is prohibited!

Holes for fasteners are drilled in the wall according to the marking - dowel nails or dowel screws. The type of fasteners depends on the material of the wall.

After mounting and adjusting the brackets, the support profiles and guides for the panels are installed.

Insulation of a ventilated facade

For the "ventilated facade" system, you can use slab or sprayed insulation: mineral wool slabs (stone, basalt), expanded polystyrene, foamed or extruded, slab polyurethane foam or foam.

Since during the construction of a hinged facade, a ventilated gap is provided between the cladding and the insulation for weathering condensate and atmospheric moisture, with an air flow rate that increases with an increase in the height of the building, the surface of the insulation must be protected from weathering. Therefore, a relatively soft mineral wool insulation should be with a laminated or laminated surface.

Insulation plates are pierced in the necessary places and put on brackets, then they are additionally attached to the wall with dowels with a metal core and a thermally insulated head, at the rate of 5 ... 6 fasteners per 1 square meter.

A moisture-windproof film or a superdiffusion membrane is fixed on the surface of the insulation, which ensures the release of water vapor from the structure and prevents the insulation from getting wet under the influence of atmospheric moisture.

After installing the insulation, the supporting profiles and guides for the automatic transmission are fixed.

Panel mounting

The panels are fastened in a hidden (with clamps) or open (with screws) method, as provided by the manufacturer of the curtain wall system. A mounting gap of 0.5 ... 1 cm is left between adjacent cassettes.

As a replacement for the supporting frame, the installation of which is carried out in perpendicular directions, some manufacturers offer a system of spacer slides, which simultaneously serve as guides and supporting profiles. In this case, the panel is inserted into the brackets, then fixed with rivets.

The price of facade composite panels

Composite facades from different manufacturers have a large difference in cost, the price also depends on the method of finishing the front surface. The minimum price of a panel from a Chinese manufacturer will be 900 rubles / m2, the maximum from a German one is 3300 rubles / m2 without the cost of a subsystem and insulation. The implementation of a hinged facade (with installation and insulation) will cost from 4600 to 7000 rubles / m2.

Installation cost

Ventilated facades made of composite panels are not the cheapest type of home decoration, moreover, they require skills in construction work on installation and a confident hand. The cost of installation also depends on the price of the used carrier system, the qualifications of the team, and averages from 1600 to 2100 rubles / m2.

Too low a price should alert.

If you decide to line your house with cassette composite materials, get ready for serious expenses: you will need a project, expensive material, and qualified performers. True, the result of these works will delight for many years, highlighting your house among the faceless neighbors.

On the market, among other materials for cladding, there are composite panels for the facade. They are called so because they consist of several materials with different properties. The most common are aluminum composite panels (ACP). Their outer layer is aluminum plates, and the inner layer is insulation. The core of the products of different manufacturers is different. At the same time, any composites will give odds to steel. They are durable, but at the same time they are not subject to corrosion, which, in outdoor conditions, can affect steel sheets during the first years of operation (if the protective layer is damaged).

Features of composite panels

Consider the structure of composite panels for the facade on the example of Alucobond panels

Figure 1. The structure of the composite panel for the facade "Alucobond"

As can be seen from the figure, the aluminum sheet here has multi-stage protection in the form of special layers, a primer and a fluorocarbonate resin. Insulation in this case is polyethylene foam.

In other designs, the polyethylene may be replaced by cellular polypropylene or mineral filler. For high-rise buildings, samples with the thinnest aluminum honeycombs in the center are usually chosen. They are very light, strong and able to withstand the severe wind loads that the cladding is subjected to at high altitudes.

Advantages of composite panels

A composite panel façade offers the building owner the following benefits:

• light weight 3-8 kg, which does not require strengthening the foundation and walls;
• strength and rigidity of the material, which made it possible to produce dimensional materials that speed up the installation process;
• flexibility;
• reliable and fast docking of various fragments;
• the ability to retain color throughout the entire period of operation (typical for panels with a PVDF coating, the polyethylene coating does not protect against UV rays);
• corrosion resistance without additional protection for a period of 50 years or more;
• variety of colors. There are no restrictions;
• pollution resistance. Dirt on the facade does not linger;
• service life of 25-50 years.

If you choose low-quality products, they will delaminate. Composite panels are also subject to combustion. The exception is class G1 materials. And finally, high-quality non-combustible materials are expensive.

Characteristics and types of composite panels

Aluminum composite panels have the following characteristics:

1. temperature regime from -58 to + 80 С;
2. tensile strength not less than 32 MPa;
3. ultimate strength in bending not less than 80 MPa;
4. toxicity group T1 and T2;
5. fire safety class G1 - G4 (for high-rise buildings it is allowed to use only composite materials of class G1);

There is a division of panels into types according to the outer protective coating and the material of the middle layer. Let's consider them.

	Properties
mineral filler	Foamed polyethylene or polypropylene with additives of flame retardants has a flammability class G1. In case of fire, it does not emit acrid smoke, does not crack. Panels filled with aluminum hydroxide are even safer.
Polymer filler	The polymer filler is represented by the same polyethylene and polypropylene, but without flame retardants. In this regard, its flammability class is G4. Materials with such a core are best used for interior decoration.
aluminum filler	Represented by aluminum honeycombs. More expensive and very light material with high strength. Not afraid of strong wind loads. Ideal for skyscrapers in metropolitan areas.

Types of composite materials for facades depending on the coating

Coating	Properties
Polyester paints and varnishes	Protect painted metal for 5-6 years from moisture and fading. But after this time, the external attractiveness of the panels is lost.
PVDF	These films extend the life of the material. They guarantee that within 20-25 years the appearance of the panels will not change. The bonus of such protection is dirt-repellent properties.
oxide films	Provide protection against UV rays, corrosion, mechanical stress. They give a beautiful mirror effect to the cladding. The service life of materials with such a coating is 15-20 years.
Laminating films	They serve to give the material the desired texture. In addition to the decorative effect, they protect against negative environmental factors for a period of 15-20 years.

Top Producers

There are more than three dozen manufacturers of facing materials on the Russian market. These are mainly Russian and Chinese brands, but there are also foreign enterprises and joint ventures. The lion's share of sales falls on three brands: Alukobond, Goldstar, Alluxe. Their quality inspires confidence among customers.

Figure 2. Facade composite panels

Composite panels from Alukobond durable yet flexible. It is convenient to work with them on curved surfaces. The length of the material varies from 3.2 to 8 meters, the width - from 1 to 1.5 meters. The lining is very light. Its weight is no more than 7.7 kg per square meter. The brand's collection includes materials of various colors, as well as facade panels with stone texture imitation. The service life of the cassettes is 50 years

Video of the production of Alucobond panels

PanelsGoldstar durable protective PVDF coating. There are plates with mineral and polymer filler. The color can be chosen according to the RAL scale. For spectacular exterior designs, the manufacturer offers panels with a mirror surface, in gold and silver, interesting chameleons, as well as cladding with a stone texture.

Goldstar panel sizes range from 1.44 to 4 in length and 1.22 to 1.5 in width.

Figure 3. Goldstar panels

Facade aluminum composite materials Aluxury originally from China, but the quality is not inferior to domestic. They also, like Goldstar products, have a PVDF coating. The choice of filler can also be chosen. The color palette includes 23 color options in glossy and matte finishes. The width of the panels is standard and is 1.25 m. The maximum width of the material is 5.7 m.

Figure 4. Facade aluminum composite materials Alluxe

Installation of composite panels

When constructing a facade from composite panels, you must adhere to the following scheme:

1. First you need to clean the facade of old paint and finishes.
2. Next comes the markings around the entire perimeter of the facade. Laser and reiki - to help.
3. The next step is mounting the brackets. Here it is important to use a heat-insulating gasket through which the dowel will enter the groove of the bracket. It is necessary in order to avoid freezing at the fastener points.
4. Mount guides with a step that corresponds to the size of the insulation.
5. Insulation is laid, covered with a vapor and windproof film, fixed with dowels to the wall.
6. Composite panels are fixed to the frame.

Several ways to fix facade aluminum composite boards:

• Concealed fastening with locking connection. The method is the most common. Allows you to get the most aesthetic result without visible traces of fasteners. It has one drawback - a large percentage of material waste.
• Open fastening with rivets or clamping strips. On the one hand, this option is practical, because it is easier both in terms of installation and in terms of repair. On the other hand, so that the screws are not visible, their hats need to be painted additionally.
• There is also a hidden adhesive mount, but we will not recommend it. The use of an adhesive composition in itself is not safe in terms of fire protection. In addition, this method will increase the cost of materials and labor.

In more detail, the installation and installation of aluminum composite plates are shown in the video.

The well-known saying that people are greeted by clothes applies not only to people, but also to buildings. Such “clothing” for them is a facade that performs aesthetic and protective functions. One of the variations of the facade decoration is the design of the hinged system using composite panels.

Specifications

Composite panels include several dissimilar materials. As a result of such a combination, facade panels are obtained that incorporate the best technical properties of all components used. The considered finishing option always consists of 2 main elements: a matrix (plastic layer) and a filler (reinforcing layer). In addition, composite panels have metal plates and a protective front layer.

Manufacturers produce materials that differ in size, color, content and number of layers. However, all products are characterized by increased strength characteristics with low weight, weather resistance and long service life.

The panels have the form of plates in the form of a square or rectangle with a metal base. They are equipped with a thermal insulation layer. The front side is covered with a decorative layer, which can have any shade, glossy or matte surface. Expensive products have a laminated surface that imitates one or another finishing material (wood, stone, brick).

Any composite material is a multilayer "pie" having the following structure (from the front to the inside of the panel):

• protective layer (ensures the preservation of the technical properties of the material, protects the color from fading);
• paintwork (responsible for the external attractiveness of the panels);
• metal (usually aluminum) sheet (provides strength);
• adhesive layer (its task is to fix materials);
• filler (performs the function of reinforcement, providing the product with certain technical qualities);

• adhesive layer (it has already been mentioned earlier);
• aluminum sheet (performs the function of strengthening, ensuring the reliability of the product);
• anti-corrosion coating (protects the metal plate from moisture, water vapor, condensate).

Panel sizes may vary. The length can be 240 mm, 320 mm or 400 mm, the width is 100 or 150 cm. The thickness of the panel is 2-6 mm. Due to the low weight (8 kg/m kV), it is possible to avoid excessive load on the bearing elements of the building, which means that additional strengthening of the foundation can be dispensed with. At the same time, multi-layering ensures the strength and durability of the coating, as well as high thermal efficiency.

The operating temperature range of the panels is from -50°С to +80°С. The panels are resistant to strong wind loads (squally wind), corrosion. They are characterized by biostability and frost resistance.

Composite boards are an excellent soundproofing material. With their help, you can reduce the noise level in a house with concrete walls by 2 times. The fire safety of the material is also at its best - it is low-flammable, emits a small amount of smoke during combustion.

Fire regulations allow the use of such materials for finishing private buildings and office buildings.

Advantages and disadvantages

Composite panels for facade cladding are light in weight, and therefore do not require additional strengthening of the load-bearing elements of the building, they are suitable for installation on high-rise buildings. Due to the plasticity of the material and its ability to bend, it is possible to finish any buildings, including those with a large number of architectural elements.

Walls finished with composite panels are characterized by impact resistance up to 50 kg/cm2. Together with high weather resistance and resistance to thermal shock, this leads to a long service life of the panels. Depending on the type of product, the service life ranges from 10-25 years.

A wide operating temperature range, resistance to UV rays, and frost resistance allow the use of composite panels in any climatic region. The improved moisture resistance of the material is also an obvious "plus", since moisture does not penetrate into its structure and does not reach the insulation and walls.

The fire safety of products is another significant advantage. Due to the high content of flame retardants in the composition and the use of aluminum, it is possible to significantly reduce the fire hazard of a ventilated facade. On its own, it is considered hazardous in terms of fire risk, as the flame spreads rapidly through air pockets. That is why it is so important to select fire-resistant finishing materials for such systems.

Installation of panels is quite simple, the material can be fastened even at low temperatures. However, experts do not recommend installing the crate at temperatures below 0 ° C. This can lead to a decrease in its reliability.

Thanks to the variety of colors and textures of the front part of the panel, it is possible to implement original design projects and give the building a unique appearance. The use of panels that mimic expensive wood or stone coatings helps to make the building more respectable.

Some types of tiles have a dirt-repellent coating and the ability to self-clean, which greatly simplifies their care. As a rule, dust and pollution are washed away by rain. In rare cases, washing the facade with water using a soft sponge and a non-aggressive liquid detergent is required.

The "cons" of materials are:

• high cost (prices for other facing materials, including expensive combined porcelain stoneware, are lower than the cost of composite plates);
• the material is not thermally insulating, therefore, to prevent the formation of cold bridges, it is recommended to use paronite or plastic thermal break gaskets;

• limited scope (restrictions are imposed by the class of combustibility of the material - it is not suitable for lining hospitals and children's institutions, as well as the tendency to scratch the surface, which can ruin the lining of the basement of the building);
• low maintainability (if one panel is damaged, several adjacent panels will have to be dismantled);
• increased requirements for transportation, the need for careful handling during storage and installation (risk of damage to the front of the material).

Kinds

Depending on the type of composite, several types of panels are distinguished.

mineral

The composition of the material is polyethylene foam, combined with a large number of various flame retardant additives. This ensures low flammability of the panels. They belong to class G1 (low combustible material). When burning mineral plates, acrid smoke is not emitted, the molten mass does not flow.

German-made products are distinguished by the presence of aluminum hydroxide in the composition, which makes them even more resistant to flames. Panels are used for exterior decoration of the house.

Polymer

They consist of polycarbonate and foamed polyethylene, which leads to a low weight of the material. This allows it to be used for sheathing partitions, unreinforced structures with low bearing capacity. The main scope of application is the interior design of premises.

Aluminum

The composite is represented by thin aluminum plates, which are assembled into a grid. The material is characterized by high strength, high rigidity with minimal weight. Aluminum composite panels are not afraid of strong wind loads, which makes them the best option for the outer cladding of high-rise buildings.

It is irrational to use them for finishing a private house, since tiles made of aluminum plates do not hold heat and are characterized by little sound absorption. However, they are more expensive than mineral counterparts.

Relatively recently, a wood-polymer version of the panels appeared, the basis of which is wood chip flour. Due to the peculiarities of the composition, they are distinguished by greater heat resistance, in other respects they are not inferior to the varieties described above.

Composite panels also differ in the type of outer coating. There are several categories.

Paints and varnishes based on polyester

The most affordable type of coverage. It is characterized by bright shades and glossy shine, well resists moisture, temperature changes, UV rays. It is recommended for exterior decoration, but when used as a facade material, it becomes unusable after 5-6 years of operation.

PVDF paints, varnishes

Material for finishing the facade, characterized by durability, the presence of a dirt-repellent coating, increased resistance to fading under the influence of sunlight. The average operational period is 20-25 years.

oxide films

The surface of the material is distinguished by a mirror effect, which is explained by the electrochemical processing of the aluminum included in the film. The material demonstrates improved weather resistance, resistance to corrosion. It is operated without requiring repair for 15-20 years. With its help, ventilated facades are usually created.

Laminating films

The most expensive, but also the most spectacular type of panels. The surface of the material imitates different types of expensive finishing coatings (stone, polished metal, wood). In addition, the material has high protective properties. The period of operation reaches 15-20 years. The most famous boards with laminating films are produced under the brand name Alucobond.

Depending on the type of metal used in the composite "pie", panels are distinguished:

• aluminum;
• from galvanized steel.

The former have less weight, but the latter demonstrate better strength and higher melting rates. The latter characteristic speaks of their greater fire safety.

The colors of the composite panels correspond to the shades of the RAL catalog, which includes 213 colors, 17 of which are metallic. Colors are indicated by a four-digit number, where the first digit indicates that the shade belongs to a particular color scheme. For example, if a color starts with the number 1, then it is one of the variants of the yellow scale.

Installation subtleties

Like any hinged facade, composite slabs are installed on a frame made of metal profiles. In addition to the panels themselves, galvanized profiles are needed to create a subsystem, mounting brackets, self-tapping screws or rivets. In addition, you will need a drill and two-stage drills, a building level and a puncher.

You can cut the material with scissors for metal, a circular saw or a hand jigsaw. It is also necessary to purchase heat-insulating material and a hydro-windproof membrane, a primer or roller, thick markers or paint for marking.

First of all, it is necessary to draw up a project plan, draw a drawing of the building on the selected scale. The design documentation should indicate the markup and the required amount of material.

The installation technology of hinged facades involves cleaning the walls, eliminating large cracks, strengthening dilapidated elements. Minor defects can not be eliminated, because they will still be hidden by the skin. Prepared and clean walls should be treated with 2-3 layers of primer. For wooden surfaces, choose mixtures with antiseptics in the composition, for plastered surfaces - strengthening analogues of deep penetration.

After the walls have completely dried, you can begin to install the crate. To do this, marking is carried out on the walls with the help of a level and in strict accordance with the design documents. After that, according to the marking, it is necessary to make holes with a puncher, dust them and insert dowels. Then you can assemble the brackets and screw them into the surface.

At the next stage, a heater is mounted (usually mineral wool sheets). Experts recommend applying sheets to the wall and marking the places where the brackets pass. Thanks to this, it is easy to make perforation for fasteners at points using a construction knife.

Insulation with slots is applied to the wall, strung on brackets. Subsequent rows are stacked with an offset of half a sheet. In places where the brackets and the wall come into contact, insulating paronite gaskets are used to prevent the formation of cold bridges. It is worth remembering that composite slabs with a small heat-insulating gasket cannot act as an insulating material by themselves.

Similarly, a hydro-windproof membrane is laid on top of the insulating material. Its sheets are laid with an overlap of 100 mm. After that, the insulation and the membrane are strengthened with one plate-type dowel for both materials. Enough 2-3 fixation points per sheet, one of which must be in the middle.

The frame device begins with the installation of a U-shaped profile. After that, spacer slides are fixed inside it, for which the lining is attached.

Panels are attached to the finished frame. The first of them is aligned horizontally to the bottom edge of the crate. After that, the upper part in the corners is attached to the guide profile using self-tapping screws. Then, in the side part of the panel, closer to the top, slides are moved (these elements are movable), to which the panel is fixed with self-tapping screws. You can move the sled with a screwdriver. Similarly, the plate is attached on the opposite side and below.

Install the rest of the panels. A gap of at least 12 mm is left between the elements. In the corners, panels are joined on each side, so that a gap is maintained in each corner along the entire height. Another corner design option is to bend the panel using a bending machine, resulting in a smooth, rounded corner.

The panels are manufactured with a layer of polyethylene applied to its front side, which protects the material from damage during transportation and installation. After the facade cladding is completed, this film is removed.

If you need to cut the material, pay attention to the direction of the arrows, which are usually located on the back of the panels. They indicate in which direction to cut.

During cutting, the material should be placed on the table, fixing it. Drilling aluminum panels is possible only at low (500-800 rpm) speed, periodically cooling the drill.

During assembly, bending or sawing of products, it is important that metal chips or tools do not scratch the surface of the panel. Otherwise, this will reduce not only its aesthetic appeal, but also performance. You can prevent damage to the face of the tile when bending by working on a perfectly clean surface.

Cladding examples

Depending on the color, composite panels make it possible to give facades a strict, business-like or, on the contrary, a more casual and even “hooligan” appearance.

Experts recommend combining several shades of material within one facade in order to make it more voluminous, noticeable, and avoid monotony. It can be either a combination of 2-3 close tones, or contrasting options.

Due to the many positive characteristics, composite panels for facades are now the most common material in various fields of application. And decorating buildings with them is far from the limit.

Installation of a ventilation facade made of composite panels (video)

Installation of composite panels

What is a composite panel ventilated facade as a structure?

It is a multilayer system consisting of:

• frame;
• insulating layer;
• air layer;
• face covering.

Constant air circulation inside the facade plays an important role, the end result of which is an increase in the life of the building.

Aluminum composite panels have become the most common material for building facades due to such qualities as ease of processing and ease of installation. Such panels are easily sawn with a circular saw and cut with scissors for metal. Working with aluminum composite panels is a bit like lining walls with drywall. First, brackets are attached, then the walls of the building are insulated with any available material. After that, a frame is assembled, which will become the basis for the panels. The panels are attached directly to the frame with the same self-tapping screws or rivets. The seams between the panels are closed with a polyethylene cord.

The installation of aluminum composite cladding panels is superior to all other types, such as stone finishes. Work is done much faster and more accurately. After all, no adhesives and mixtures are needed to fasten the panels.

If you pay attention to the above qualities and characteristics of composite panels for the facade, we can conclude that ventilated facades made of composite materials have the best qualities. Thanks to them, the building acquires an aesthetic appearance, the main walls are reliably protected from atmospheric phenomena and weather conditions, and the reliability of the wall shell for many years is ensured. We recommend that you read the material on.