State assistance to small businesses. Helping Startup Entrepreneurs - Real Support Options

Having decided to start a business, the future entrepreneur will face a number of difficulties. Lack of knowledge and the necessary capital can become serious problems on the way to achieving the goal. The government wants to help citizens. Today there are a number of programs and other forms of assistance aimed at supporting entrepreneurs.

Significance for entrepreneurs of state support for small and medium-sized businesses

The Government of the Russian Federation has adopted a program of social and economic development of the country until 2020. It reflects the features of providing assistance to small and medium-sized businesses. The use of forms of assistance is aimed at creating healthy competition, as well as improving the general standard of living of the population.

Providing government support makes it easier to start your business from scratch. When creating a company, an entrepreneur faces a lack of funds and information. Modern forms of assistance can help out in this situation. However, state support is not always enough for a successful start. To date, work is underway to modernize the sphere and introduce innovative developments into it.

Assistance to entrepreneurs is provided within the framework of federal programs. There are also regional projects. Events held within the framework of federal programs, as well as requirements for participation in them, are established by order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation. It is created on the basis of the current legislation of the Russian Federation, in particular, Federal Law No. 209. The programs provide the following forms of support:

1. Providing subsidies. In a number of situations, the state provides financial assistance on a gratuitous basis. However, the entrepreneur must meet the requirements for program participants. The amount of the subsidy can reach up to 300,000 rubles. The decision to grant it is made after analyzing the business plan.
2. Providing free consultations. Events are held on the basis of employment centers, the Federal Tax Service or Business Development Funds. Employees of institutions are ready to answer the entrepreneur's question related to taxation, accounting, planning and other areas related to interaction with government agencies.
3. Business training. Regional business development funds periodically conduct trainings and lectures. They are aimed at helping start-up entrepreneurs. Anyone can visit them. However, pre-registration is required.
4. Provision of land and premises for rent on preferential terms. An entrepreneur can receive a plot of land or real estate for temporary use. This allows you to save on the purchase of your own premises from private individuals.
5. Issuance of preferential loans. Today there are a number of programs that allow you to get to start and develop your business at a low interest rate.
6. Admission to participation in exhibitions and fairs free of charge. Placing products on free trading platforms will reduce the cost of advertising campaigns.

The use of available forms of government support makes it easier to start your business from scratch.

Expert opinion from the federal electronic platform RTS-tender

The strategy for the socio-economic development of Russia until 2020 states that the development of small and medium-sized businesses is one of the main priorities of the economy. State support measures have the main goal - to ensure the development of SMEs as one of the most important elements of a market economy. As part of the implementation of this strategy, state support is enshrined at the legislative level.

How to get ggovernment support for SMEs?

In particular, the Law on the contract system (44-FZ) obliges customers to purchase from small businesses in the amount of at least 15% of the total annual volume of purchases.

On January 4, 2017, a new rule came into force in the framework of public procurement: customers are required to set the percentage of involvement of SME subcontractors in the execution of contracts - at least 5%.

From May 1, 2017, amendments came into force providing that if the customer conducts a purchase with a restriction - only for SMEs - then the deadline for settlements with such a supplier should not exceed 15 days from the date of signing the acceptance certificate by the customer. Previously, this period was 30 days from the date of signing the acceptance certificate by the customer.

Since August 2016, the Federal Tax Service has put into commercial operation the Unified Register of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses. The register allows not only to systematize and make more transparent the scope of activities of entrepreneurs, but also contains information that affects the business reputation of SMEs, for example, information about contracts concluded in accordance with Law No. 44-FZ or Law No. 223-FZ.

The second most important regulatory act regulating procurement activities is Law No. 223-FZ, which provides for the obligation of corporate customers to fulfill the mandatory quota for placing purchases from small and medium-sized businesses in the amount of 18%. At the same time, at least 10% of this quota should be sent by customers to entrepreneurs based on the results of purchases, the participants of which can only be small and medium-sized businesses.

Services for SMEs that make it easier to participate in public procurement

“Today, the RTS tender site has a comprehensive system of free services and solutions that simplify the participation of SME representatives in procurement. For example, electronic document management using an electronic signature, a service for participating in small-scale purchases, free analytical reports, training seminars, legal support. In the one-window format, procurement participants can receive the financial products they need in one click: bank guarantees, tender loans, and others. Thanks to this, the share of SMEs in financial services transactions on the RTS-tender platform is consistently above 90%,” notes Vladimir Lishenkov, CEO of RTS-tender.

Especially for representatives of small businesses, there are various free educational projects. Thus, within the framework of the all-Russian award "Business Success", organized by the Public Organization "Opora Rossii" in partnership with the RTS tender platform, special master classes are held for entrepreneurs on existing tax preferences and state support programs, as well as an express course "I – supplier”, where future procurement participants can get the theoretical and practical knowledge necessary to start working in the field of state and corporate orders.

Business development in Russia is highly controversial. Often, the ways to support entrepreneurship, enshrined in regulatory legal acts, are not implemented in practice. The main problems hindering the systematic provision of assistance by the state are:

• lack of an effective legislative framework;
• an increase in the tax burden;
• bureaucratization of state institutions, which are entrusted with supervisory functions;
• lack of a well-developed system of entrepreneurship financing;
• the presence of economic problems (, rising prices in all areas of production).

The current situation has a negative impact on small and medium-sized businesses. However, the government is trying to remedy the situation. New forms of business support are periodically introduced.

The main directions of state support for small businesses

On June 14, 1995, Law No. 88-FZ was adopted. It was aimed at realizing the constitutional rights of citizens to freely use their abilities and property to conduct entrepreneurial activities. The law has become the basis for standardizing the regulatory environment that regulates the procedure for providing assistance to businesses. Today, state support is provided in the following areas:

• creation of a regulatory framework for assistance and development to representatives of the business sector;
• organizing the process of training personnel for small business;
• formation and provision of social security in the business space;
• creation of preferential conditions for the use of information, financial and other resources by entrepreneurship;
• inclusion of representatives of the sphere in programs for conducting foreign economic activity.

To familiarize yourself with the general provisions for the provision of state assistance, it is worth studying Law No. 88-FZ.

If a future entrepreneur wants to receive assistance from the state, he must prepare a business plan. The finished project must be submitted to the employment center. The citizen must be registered as unemployed. The amount of the subsidy provided for the creation of a business is 58,800 rubles. The review period for a business plan can be up to 6 months.

Other documentation will also need to be prepared. A ready-made package of papers for receiving assistance from the state should include:

• passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation;
• education documents;
• certificate of average salary for 3 months at the last place of employment;
• SNILS.

Then the citizen must write an application with a request for a subsidy. If approved, the company must be registered. A person can create an individual entrepreneur or LLC. The choice of the form of ownership depends on the planned scale of the business. When the procedure is completed, a subsidy will be credited to the bank account. Funds can only be spent on purposes previously specified in the business plan. The citizen will have to report on what the capital was spent on.

Interesting fact! Despite the extensive list of documentation, the main paper is a business plan. Based on it, the employees of the institution will decide on the possibility of providing assistance in creating their company. For this reason, the drafting of the project should be approached carefully.

The money can also be used to pay off loans that were taken to start a business earlier. In addition, a loan with a reduced interest rate can be issued.

If an entrepreneur wants to get a loan to create or develop a business, he can use microfinance under the state program. To take out a loan for the development of his business, the owner of the company must visit a fund that specializes in supporting small businesses in a particular region. The loan is provided under the following conditions:

• loan amount - 50,000-1,000,000 rubles;
• refund period - 3-12 months;
• overpayment amount - 10%.

Money is issued on bail, surety or bank guarantee. Entrepreneurs who have registered as an individual entrepreneur or have created an LLC can take advantage of the state program. Providing a bond will increase the likelihood of a positive decision on the application.

You can also apply directly to the bank participating in the state program. In this case, the SME Support Fund will act as a guarantor. The procedure for obtaining a loan is as follows:

1. An entrepreneur applies to the SME Support Fund. The organization's specialists provide a list of banks participating in the program.
2. The entrepreneur gets acquainted with the list and chooses the most suitable institution.
3. The business owner finds out the list of required papers, fills out an application and takes the finished list of documentation to the bank.
4. The businessman is waiting for the decision of the credit institution. If the company agrees to lend money, it will be necessary to revisit the SME Support Fund and ask for a guarantee.

Money can also be received free of charge. The state is ready to provide a subsidy for business development. To use it, you need:

1. Register as unemployed.
2. Pass tests and then attend specialized entrepreneurship courses.
3. Prepare a business plan.
4. Register as an IP.
5. Open a bank account.

The money provided by the state has a strictly designated purpose. You will have to account for the money spent. In addition, the business owner must be prepared for sudden inspections.

Domestic experience in supporting small businesses

The state seeks to provide assistance to individuals who decide to start their own business. Assistance is provided in accordance with the programs:

• federal;
• regional;
• sectoral and intersectoral;
• municipal.

The Government of the Russian Federation annually before the submission of the federal budget submits to the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation a draft federal program of state support for small business.

Financial provision of programs is carried out annually at the expense of budgets of different levels, as well as other sources. The amount of mandatory annual allocated funds is indicated in the expenditure side of the federal budget as a separate line on the proposal of the Government of the Russian Federation.

Interesting fact! Foreign experience has shown that small business needs comprehensive support from the state. Aid must be sustained. In order for small and medium-sized businesses to feel comfortable, the policy should be directed towards supporting the sphere.

However, the industry is not yet as developed as in other countries. Most of the problems arise due to the lack of working capital. The state provides subsidies and grants loans on preferential terms. However, the amounts issued on a gratuitous basis are not enough, and it is problematic to get a loan at the stage of starting a company.

In countries with developed market economies, much attention is paid to business lending. For these purposes, the state creates special structures and funds:

• Small Business Administration (USA);
• Credit for medium and small firms (France);
• Small Business Insurance Credit Corporation (Japan).

The government of the countries sets itself the task of maintaining and developing a competitive environment that encourages manufacturers to switch to more efficient technologies.

State structures of foreign countries strive to ensure maximum legal protection of the interests of small and medium-sized businesses. For example, in the United States, a department of advocacy has been created in the structure of the Small Business Administration. Its head is appointed by the President and approved by the Congress. The head is accountable only to them.

Later, an arbitration division was created within the Small Business Administration. In various regions of the country, representatives of the structure hold hearings aimed at improving business efficiency. The department acts as a link between entrepreneurship and federal structures.

Interesting fact! More than 600,000 entrepreneurs register annually in the United States. However, already after 12 months, 500,000 of them close the established enterprises. The fact is that Americans are very mobile. Feeling that the company does not bring the expected profit, they close it and start doing business in another area.

Under the auspices of the same Administration, the Institute operates on the Internet. If an entrepreneur or student wants to start his own business, he can get free training and use information resources.

Today in Russia there are a large number of structures and forms created to support small businesses. However, a significant part of their functions remains unrealized. The reason is the imperfection of the business environment, especially in the innovation sphere. Modernization of the current legislation and an increase in the volume of assistance provided may lead to a change in the current situation.

Small Business Help: Organizational Support System + 4 Detailed Options.

A small business that gives its owner financial independence is the dream of everyone who does not want to work for his uncle.

Unfortunately, not everyone can boast of having a decent amount on their account to start a planned project.

Of course, there is always a way. In this case, there are several of them - to be patient and earn capital, to take a loan or loan from relatives / friends / acquaintances,.

But there is also an option like small business assistance which is of several types.

So, today we will talk about how our state supports the development of beginners and experienced entrepreneurs.

State assistance to small businesses: an organizational system for supporting entrepreneurs

The main regulatory act that you need to rely on in matters of our article is Federal Law No. 209 "On the development of small and medium-sized businesses in the Russian Federation."

Its full text can be found by clicking on the link: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_52144

Also, each region has its own body, which is responsible for the implementation of measures to help entrepreneurs.

A complete list of them is available on the official website of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation in the "Small Business" section: http://economy.gov.ru/minec/activity/sections/smallBusiness

Why is it important to support entrepreneurs?

So, in Russia, only thanks to small and medium-sized businesses, more than 16 million citizens are provided with jobs (and this is a quarter of the entire employed population).

In addition, 20% of GDP is accounted for by SMEs, although in the world this figure is close to 35%, so we have room to strive.

The role of SMEs in the economy of the whole country is very significant. Briefly describe its importance:

• creation of new jobs;
• formation of healthy competition in the market and adequate pricing for goods and services;
• revenues to the budgets of all levels;
• filling those niches where big business cannot fit in (provision of household services to the population, small wholesale, marketing).

But owners of small and medium-sized businesses have to constantly face problems and difficulties:

• economic instability in the country;
• lack of financial resources for both opening and developing a business;
• a large tax burden and the complexity of compiling financial statements;
• constant changes in legislation;
• lack of personnel (qualified specialists prefer to work for the “sharks” of business, ignoring entrepreneurs);
• difficulty in obtaining loans (not every bank wants to deal with a small business).

Agree, not every experienced businessman will be able to withstand the difficulties described above, what can we say about beginners.

That is why the state should provide assistance to entrepreneurs.

In 2016, more than 11 billion rubles were allocated from the Russian budget to support SMEs.

But, unfortunately, the amount of assistance to small businesses from the state tends to decrease.

So, in 2014, about 20 billion rubles were allocated to support SMEs, and already in 2015 - 17 billion. In 2016, it was planned to provide financial assistance in the amount of almost 15 billion from the federal budget, but in fact it turned out to be 11 billion.

In 2017, this downward trend in financial assistance continues. The state is ready to provide only 7.5 billion rubles.

Therefore, those who rely on it will have to make a lot of efforts to get it.

The structure of spending on helping small businesses in 2017 looks like this:

Expenses	Amount, billion
Formation of infrastructure for the development of SMEs	3,06
Measures to support single-industry municipalities	0,74
Creation and development of information and consulting support	0,72
Creation of an infrastructure to support SMEs operating in the field of innovation and industrial production	0,69
Completion of capital construction projects	1,6
Promoting the development of youth entrepreneurship	0,23
Creation of multifunctional business centers	0,135

We have figured out the facts and figures, but what is the assistance to small businesses from the state?

So, there are such forms of support for SMEs:

• financial - providing financial resources for the opening and development of small businesses (compensations, subsidies, grants, soft loans);
• property - provision of state property to entrepreneurs on the rights of use (land plots, industrial premises);
• information and consulting- formation of information systems, as well as free consultations on doing business (trainings, seminars, courses);
• infrastructural- formation of comfortable conditions for doing business, as well as the creation of business incubators, multi-purpose funds, centers of entrepreneurs;
• organizational- assistance in participation in exhibition events and fairs.

Help for small businesses: who can count?

The priority areas that the state is ready to help are:

• area of ​​food and industrial production;
• innovation;
• provision of household and communal services;
• healthcare;
• tourism, in particular ecotourism;
• folk craft and creativity.

Assistance to small and medium businesses: 4 types

In general, there are 4 types of material assistance to small and medium-sized businesses from the state. Let's consider each of them.

1. Money from the employment center (self-employment grant).

In order to combat unemployment and informal employment, the state is ready to provide one-time financial assistance to start a small business.

The amount of assistance in 2017 is 58.8 thousand rubles.

If your business can provide work for one or more citizens, then the self-employment grant can be increased by 58.8 thousand rubles. for each hired employee.

The action of this program applies exclusively to the opening of individual entrepreneurship and cannot be applied to:

• minors (under 16) and pensioners;
• full-time students;
• operating individual entrepreneurs or founders of LLC;
• citizens with disabilities belonging to the non-working group;
• young mothers on maternity leave;
• those who work under an employment contract;
• those who refused the work offered at the employment center.

In addition to the documents that must be submitted in order to register with the employment center, in order to receive government assistance for small businesses, you will need:

• statement;
• a copy of the bank account;
• project.

If you are unemployed and want to get start-up capital to start your own business, you will need to follow these steps:

So, your application is approved, after that they will conclude an agreement with you that you received money to open a business. The funds received should be spent only for the intended purpose and you need to move strictly according to plan.

You need to appear within the time limits set by the employment center to provide reports on the funds spent.

In case of violation of the terms of the contract (misuse, premature termination of business activities), you will have to receive assistance.

2. Grants for start-up entrepreneurs.

This option of helping small businesses from the state is suitable for those who have some money for its opening and development.

That is, the funds are ready to compensate for part of the costs of opening a business in the amount of up to 500 thousand rubles.

The grant scheme is as follows:

Drawing up a strategy.

This includes drawing up a detailed business plan that will address production, organizational, financial, and marketing issues.

The study of public funds.

On the website of the ministry, you can find bodies and funds that are ready to support.

Familiarize yourself with the directions and requirements for candidates for which organizations work.

Preparation of documents and drawing up an application.

This stage must be approached with all responsibility, because in the absence of even one document or with an incorrectly completed application, the commission may reject your candidacy.

Sending an application and waiting for the decision of the commission.

The commission draws up a certain scoring system, according to which it evaluates the submitted projects.

The person with the most points will be the recipient of the grant.

The funds received can be spent on the purchase of equipment, equipment, raw materials, rent coverage, but not for paying salaries to employees. In any case, the use of money should be targeted.

Unfortunately, not everyone can receive such a grant for opening a small and medium-sized business.

For the rational distribution of financial resources, the state may determine various requirements for candidates:

• entrepreneurial age no more than 2 years;
• passing basic courses on entrepreneurial activity;
• business should not be related to gaming, banking, insurance activities, as well as the provision of intermediary services and the resale of goods;
• no debt to the state;
• employment of a certain number of people.

• dismissed from the previous place of work;
• university graduates;
• single mother;
• retired military;
• invalids.

Ideas that the commission will consider for issuing grants:

• innovation;
• socially significant industries;
• Agriculture;
• export-oriented production;
• education;
• tourism;
• advertising, marketing.

3. Credit on preferential terms.

Getting a loan from a bank is a rather complicated and painstaking work, which does not always end in success.

Therefore, why not try your luck and ask for a loan from the state, but on favorable terms?

The essence of obtaining a preferential loan is as follows:

1. Guaranteed lending support is provided by the Federal Corporation for the Development of Small and Medium Enterprises.
2. As of now, preferential rates for lending to small businesses are 11%, for medium-sized businesses - 10% (for comparison: you can take a loan under normal conditions at 24-25% per annum).
3. The maximum loan amount is 1 billion rubles, and the term is 3 years.
4. Loans are issued to those entrepreneurs whose successful activity lasts about six months.
5. Loans are not given to those who are on the verge of bankruptcy, who have outstanding debts and questionable credit history.

A loan on favorable terms can be issued for the following purposes:

• increase in working capital;
• purchase of real estate and transport for doing business;
• participation in government contracts.

4. Subsidizing small and medium businesses.

Assistance to small businesses from the state in the form of subsidies is carried out on the basis of Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1605: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_173683

For those who do not know: subsidies are the receipt of a certain amount of funds for specific purposes.

As a rule, money is issued on a gratuitous and irrevocable basis. Unlike a grant, the amounts of which are received in tranches, the subsidy is received in one amount at once.

To help small and medium-sized businesses, the following types of subsidies are issued in the following amounts:

Type of subsidy	Sum
Subsidies for reimbursement of interest on loans	Compensation of 3/4 of the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation as of the date of conclusion of the loan agreement (up to 5 million rubles and not more than 70% of the actual costs incurred)
Subsidies for reimbursement of part of the costs under financial lease (leasing) agreements	5 million rubles (but not more than 30% of the value of the leased asset)
Compensation for part of the costs associated with training and (or) advanced training of employees	75% of the cost of training, but not more than 90 thousand rubles, for each trained employee
Reimbursement of part of the costs associated with the payment of the first installment (advance) when concluding an equipment leasing agreement in order to create and (or) develop and (or) modernize the production of goods (works, services)	100% of the paid installment (advance) of the equipment leasing agreement, but not more than 3 million rubles.

The amount of subsidies may differ in different regions, but the scheme for issuing them is approximately the same:

1. Compliance check:
   • the period of activity of the enterprise is not more than 2 years;
   • lack of debt;
   • the candidate himself is able to cover the costs of the project in the amount of 50% of the total amount.
2. Filing an application
3. Application acceptance
4. Competitive selection
5. Receiving a subsidy, providing reports on the targeted use of assistance to small businesses.

The new state program provides an opportunity for beginners

entrepreneurs to start their own business.

How to get this help is explained in detail in the video:

Small Business Assistance Program

In 2017, the following programs of assistance to small businesses from the state will operate:

• "Cooperation" - you can get up to 20 million rubles. for business development, namely: improving the quality of the goods produced or the service provided;
• "Development" - the maximum amount of assistance to small businesses can be 15 million rubles, which must be spent on improving production and creating new jobs;
• "Start" - carried out in 3 stages: 1 million rubles, 2 million rubles. and 3 million rubles. This small business assistance program is focused on creating new products and technologies.

The proposed list does not end there, as there are many other programs, as well as funds that provide support to entrepreneurs.

Help for small businesses not limited to the state. There are many foreign, venture, investment funds that are ready to cooperate with young and promising entrepreneurs.

You just need to knock on all the doors, and not wait for someone to want to sponsor your idea.

Of course, those who produce a socially significant product or make an innovative breakthrough are more likely to succeed. But again, everything is in your hands, so do not be lazy and start acting.

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Evgeny Smirnov

# Business nuances

State support conditions for small businesses

The easiest way to get state support for business is to contact the Employment Center. The amount of assistance is 58 or 300 thousand rubles.

Article navigation

• Problems of supporting small and medium-sized businesses
• What are the state programs to support small businesses in 2019
• Support for small businesses at the federal level
• Types of support for small and medium businesses
• Consulting
• Legislative
• educational
• Preferential conditions
• Fund guarantee
• Types of financial support for small businesses
• Where to go for small business support
• How to get government support for small business development
• Conclusion

State programs to support small businesses in 2019 can greatly help in opening a new business, so this opportunity should not be neglected. Yes, not every type of business is helped, the amounts may not be too large, but if there is no start-up capital, then there is no choice.

In this article, we will talk in detail about the support of small businesses by the state, we will analyze what difficulties may arise, what kind of assistance can really be obtained and what needs to be done for this.

Problems of supporting small and medium-sized businesses

Back in 2007, a federal law was adopted, which was supposed to ensure the development of small and medium-sized businesses, including through state support. However, the expected results were not achieved. In Russia, every year they talk about the need to develop small businesses, but the problems do not become less. There are quite a few reasons.

First, these are local officials, that is, regional authorities. They have plans to issue subsidies for small and medium-sized businesses, after their implementation it becomes not very interesting for them to work in this direction. Secondly, we should not forget about the corruption component, it is also here, however, we will not go into detail in the schemes.

Government support for small businesses is not targeted at all enterprises. For example, it is much easier for a new production to get help than for a store, car service, travel company, etc. Here, the regions have different policies, some prefer to act in a targeted manner, supporting only certain types of businesses.

Also, a certain problem is the rather high requirements for recipients of state support. You need to get additional education, collect a large amount of papers, report in a timely manner. In a word, there is enough bureaucracy.

Nevertheless, more and more small and medium-sized businesses are working within the framework of state support, this is a fact. Problems hinder the implementation of the program, but there are still enough entrepreneurs who were able to receive real assistance from the state and successfully realized themselves.

What are the state programs to support small businesses in 2019

Each region has its own state support instruments, which change every year. Usually they are implemented in cooperation with certain banks in the form of subsidies for small and medium-sized businesses, and also provide an opportunity to get a loan on favorable terms (low interest rates, deferred first payment). Within the framework of this article, it is not possible to make a description of all regional programs, so we will focus only on federal ones. You can check the availability of regional programs yourself on the website of the administration of your region.

Support for small businesses at the federal level

Federal programs to support small businesses are aimed primarily at innovative technologies, industry, healthcare, and agriculture. Here is a list of a number of federal programs that may be available to any citizen of Russia, subject to a number of conditions.

Program "Start"

The size of the grant can be up to 5 million rubles, but in some cases, the participation of the investor may be required. For example, you receive 4 million rubles, while you must have exactly the same amount from your funds or receive them from an investor. The Start program is mainly aimed at scientific and technical activities, it is precisely such projects that are most likely to receive state support.

Program "Umnik"

Here the priority is also the sphere of innovative technologies, they provide a grant in the amount of 500 thousand rubles, but only to individuals whose age is from 18 to 30 years. Recipients are selected on a competitive basis.

Development program

Designed for small and medium-sized businesses, within the framework of this state support program, you can receive up to fifteen million rubles. The main requirement is the creation of new jobs. Provided for an existing business.

"Cooperation"

State program to support small and medium-sized businesses. You can get up to 28 million rubles, but these funds can only be spent on improving the quality of services or goods, which will allow you to start cooperation with large industrial enterprises.

That is, the program is suitable only for manufacturers of innovative products that have been successfully operating for some time.

Commercialization program

They give up to 15 million rubles, but only for the organization of production or the expansion of an already operating one. As in other cases, the emphasis here is on innovative products, although there have been cases when, under this state support program, money was received by manufacturers of conventional goods.

It is easy to see that federal financial support programs are mainly aimed at manufacturers of innovative (or high-tech) products. There is logic in this, but what about those who want to produce building materials or open a service business?

Here you need to look at regional and local programs, where usually the emphasis is on creating new jobs. At the federal level, they prefer to work with promising enterprises that create technologies. But the creation of jobs is at the mercy of the regional authorities.

State support for small and medium-sized businesses in different regions has its own characteristics. For example, in a region where most of the GDP is agriculture, the emphasis is on the development of this particular industry and getting help for other types of business is a difficult task if we are not talking about promising technologies.

Types of support for small and medium businesses

There are different forms of support, it is not always direct financial assistance. Here the state reserves the right to act by various means. Of course, when you do not have start-up capital, other areas of government support look useless, but they can also be badly needed in some cases.

Consulting

There are two formats here: entrepreneurs are compensated for the costs of obtaining consultations (from lawyers, lawyers, industry experts, etc.) or the state itself provides such services. Advisory support is provided at the regional level.

Legislative

Adoption of laws that promote the development of small and medium-sized businesses. There are both federal laws and regional ones, in accordance with local specifics. For example, "supervisory holidays" from inspections of supervisory organizations from this area. For each type of business, we recommend that you check the availability of legislative support yourself.

educational

Various training programs and advanced training courses. All are free and designed to provide you with new knowledge that you can actually apply to your business. Note that often when receiving financial assistance, receiving educational support will be a necessary condition.

This should also include various seminars, forums and other similar events where they share knowledge and their own experience. This should not be underestimated, such educational support can be very useful.

Preferential conditions

This includes tax, administrative and financial incentives. In 2019, there are the following preferential conditions for small and medium-sized businesses:

• the ability to keep accounting records in a simplified form;
• the ability to conduct cash transactions without setting a limit and in a simplified form;
• with a staff of up to 35 people, fixed-term employment contracts can be drawn up;
• regional authorities were given the right to conclude lease agreements for premises with small businesses on favorable terms, in addition, they were given the opportunity to provide a pre-emptive right to buy;
• it is possible to obtain state guarantees, which increases the likelihood of obtaining a bank loan and can improve its conditions for the borrower;
• benefits for participation in public procurement;
• reimbursement of a certain part of the costs under leasing agreements, payment of loans, participation in various events (exhibitions, fairs);
• zero tax rate for two years subject to a number of conditions;
• the opportunity to receive low tax rates (this is the right of regional authorities).

Fund guarantee

The guarantee of funds for the promotion of small and medium-sized businesses is used to obtain bank loans. In modern conditions, this is often simply necessary, since, frankly speaking, Russian banks do not want to work normally, and they do not know how. They rarely give business loans if there is no collateral.

And in this case, the guarantee of the entrepreneurship support fund is just such a pledge and guarantee.

Each fund has its own terms, some only work with an existing business, some are willing to vouch for a well-developed business plan. Here, too, everything depends solely on regional policy.

Types of financial support for small businesses

Most entrepreneurs are interested in financial support. According to surveys, it is financial problems that most start-up entrepreneurs are most concerned about. Not every business begins to make a profit immediately after opening, in many areas it takes time, and accordingly, money is also needed. In 2019, subsidies are issued for the following purposes:

• purchase of consumables and raw materials;
• acquisition of new assets or modernization of existing ones.

Subsidies may be as follows:

• up to 300 thousand rubles are given to open a new business;
• for each created job they can give up to 60 thousand rubles;
• as part of a one-time business support, they can give up to 25 thousand rubles (microfinance support).

Again, different regions have their own rules and their own amounts. For example, in Moscow you can count on 500 thousand rubles. On average, in other regions you can get 300 thousand rubles. Priority is given to unemployed citizens, persons with disabilities and persons who are raising a child alone.

Such financial state support for business is provided through the Employment Center, as well as through specially created funds. This is if we talk about the regional level, we wrote about the federal level above.

Where to go for small business support

There are various government agencies where you can apply for support and financial assistance. This is first of all:

• Employment center.
• Local administrations that can deal with individual programs.
• Entrepreneurship Support Fund.
• Business incubators.
• Fund for promoting lending to medium and small businesses.

Not all of these structures may be represented in your region, some may work at the federal level. But usually, when they think about getting financial support, they first of all mean the Employment Center.

You won’t get big money here, but if 300 thousand rubles is enough for you to open a business, then you should go there.

In the case of the need for a large start-up capital, you need to go to business incubators or a lending assistance fund. They help to find investors, get a bank loan or a grant.

How to get government support for small business development

Consider a step-by-step application to the Employment Center for financial support, which in modern conditions is relevant and most affordable for small businesses.

To apply, you must meet a number of criteria:

• age from 18 years;
• be registered with the Employment Center and have the status of unemployed;
• be registered with the Employment Center for more than 30 days and not be able to find a job due to lack of work.

It is important to know that within the framework of this state support for small enterprises, there are two options: a subsidy and a grant. Subsidy - 58 thousand rubles, grant - up to 300 thousand rubles. The procedure for obtaining a subsidy will be step by step as follows:

1. Application for unemployment benefits.
2. A statement that you are going to open a business.
3. Passing testing.
4. Writing a business plan according to the established requirements.
5. Submission of all documents to the Employment Center.
6. If approved, you can already register an individual entrepreneur and LLC.

Further, it will be necessary to provide reports on their activities, which will confirm the targeted spending of funds. In practice, there are no problems with the approval of the subsidy, since 58 thousand rubles is a one-time payment of unemployment benefits to you for one year.

The procedure for obtaining a grant is exactly the same, the difference is only in more stringent requirements. In particular, they almost always require the creation of jobs, without which it would be pointless to apply. Every region has different requirements, but job creation is usually a must.

The main point is the creation of a business plan. It is on this basis that the decision is usually made. Also consider that there are annual plans to help small businesses. If you did not have time and all the grants have already been issued, then you will have to wait for the next year. On the other hand, if the plan is not fulfilled and the end of the reporting period is nearing, then applications are approved indiscriminately, without much attention to detail. But it is best to apply at the beginning of the year, so the likelihood of receiving a subsidy or grant becomes higher.

Conclusion

In modern conditions, the easiest option for obtaining state support for small businesses in Russia remains the option with the Employment Center; 58 and even 300 thousand rubles are not the largest amounts, but in some cases they may be necessary. If more start-up capital is required, then everything becomes much more complicated. You need to look at federal support programs specifically for your type of business; they are far from always available at the regional level.

You can count on receiving a grant of millions of rubles only if you plan to create a business in the field of innovation. In simple words, no one will give you money to open another store. Here you can only get tax benefits, guarantee obligations that will help you get a bank loan, and even then not always, not in all regions and not for all types of business.

There is a certain logic in this, after all, it is the state that determines who needs help and who does not. The desire to develop the sphere of high technologies is also understandable. But at the same time, it cannot be said that the production of building materials is an area where there is no need for new enterprises. This is not true.

Concrete examples of state support for entrepreneurs tell us that already existing and large businesses may well count on preferences, while small and medium-sized businesses are in worse conditions. Unfortunately it is so. And so try to rely on your own strength. This does not mean that you should not try to get grants, subsidies and benefits, just rely more on yourself.

State programs for the development of small business are important for maintaining the normal functioning of the economy, as well as for raising the social level of the population. Financing of small business development projects is carried out at all levels of government in the Russian Federation. State programs are of interest to young businessmen, as well as to the authorities themselves. The ability to provide effective support, create conditions for the implementation of state programs is the main indicator of the country's desire for prosperity and well-being.

The small business development program is based on the postulates of the entrepreneurship development program at the federal level. The set of state support measures includes the following types of programs:

• regional;
• interregional;
• industry;
• intersectoral;
• municipal.

Each of the above types includes a specific support plan as well as entrepreneurship development. In the field of financing various sectors of small business, the authorities face a specific, difficult task - to determine the most promising, profitable niches in the economy. A competent choice of these areas will allow you to rationally distribute funds and make profitable investments. The state investments made today, as well as the implemented development programs, will help replenish the state treasury with new taxes in the future, as well as create a competitive environment in the market.

These processes, like nothing else, will favorably affect the overall development of the economy, increase the solvency of the population, and most importantly, provide citizens with additional jobs. Based on this information, we can conclude that government programs for the development and support of small businesses are a strategically important object of research and financing.

Entrepreneurship development programs in the Russian Federation can be divided into the following categories:

• registration of subsidies;
• receiving grants;
• providing training free of charge or at a discount;
• passing an internship under the guidance of highly qualified specialists, conducting practical classes;
• registration of leasing programs on preferential terms;
• obtaining advice in the field of jurisprudence and accounting on a preferential or free basis;
• the possibility of buying out real estate owned by the local municipality;
• assistance in the implementation of advertising projects, support in participation in fairs and exhibitions in the field of small business support.

The state applies both direct and indirect methods of supporting small businesses. Indirect methods include measures that are aimed at mitigating the conditions of taxation and control.
Organizations of commercial and non-commercial forms can implement small business development programs. In this area, private firms act as partners of the state, providing their shoulder of assistance and financing. For the provision of certain support, companies, of course, receive the necessary benefits.

In the field of small business support, the system of subsidies is widely used, applying it, it is necessary to adhere to strict rules of execution:

• the use of subsidies should be targeted;
• all expenses must be supported by official documents;
• performers must create a detailed report on the work done, attaching checks, acts and other papers to it.

Today in our country such government programs as "Development of small and medium-sized businesses", as well as "Economic development and innovative economy" are most actively financed.

Issues on supporting small businesses are annually submitted to the general federal meeting in the highest authorities. Consideration of urgent problems and adoption of strategic decisions is carried out before the direct adoption of the federal budget. It is this source of funds that will play the leading role in the development of entrepreneurship in the new year. State programs that will be considered at the meeting must first be checked by competent experts in the field of the national economy. The fate of small businesses as a whole will depend on the effectiveness and expediency of projects.

Entrepreneurship support projects always have clear requirements and norms that can be included in the following list of provisions:

• measures to create and form the infrastructure of the commercial sphere at the regional, federal and local levels;
• competent definition of promising areas of commercial activity that will be of interest both for the state and for entrepreneurship;
• carrying out activities that would be aimed at general stimulation and motivation of those segments of the population that have a minimum level of social protection;
• creation of a system of benefits, installments and subsidies that would allow vulnerable segments of the population to be involved in the process of business and entrepreneurship, simplifying the creation of their own business through state support;
• identification of high-quality financial sources, specific segments of the budget, from which it will be possible to make annual contributions to programs to improve the market infrastructure, increase the number of registered individual enterprises;
• creation of conditions and activities that will be aimed at transferring unfinished commercial projects in various fields to young entrepreneurs;
• providing conditions for the transfer to beginners, young businessmen of construction projects that are unprofitable or are on the verge of bankruptcy;
• creating the possibility of buying out premises, trading territories, which previously an individual entrepreneur had only the opportunity to rent, the state offers a businessman a buyout of a fixed asset on preferential terms.

Restrictions in the field of assistance to young businessmen

Note! Not every citizen of the Russian Federation can take advantage of benefits, as well as subsidies.

The following groups of citizens can be classified as unprotected segments of the population:

• military in reserve;
• single mothers;
• people with disabilities, people with disabilities;
• dismissed specialists of promising industries;
• former prisoners and those deprived of liberty;
• students, unemployed youth;
• migrants, refugees;
• unemployed citizens;
• able-bodied pensioners.

The involvement of these segments of the population in the economic development process is the main goal of state executive bodies. Very often, the authorities practice the method of transferring old projects to new specialists of a narrow profile, this technique is most often used in the following areas:

• technological work;
• research in various areas;
• scientific unfinished works;
• experimental and constructive activity.

Often such experiments end in great success, but often the effort invested in the implementation of the program is wasted.

Note! Measures to support and develop small businesses are developed and formed on the basis of legislative norms and standards.

All of them are of a fundamentally important nature for the situation of the whole country, therefore they must be clearly correlated with a complex of the most diverse tasks and goals of the state. Entrepreneurship support projects should be aligned with the objectives of the following public policy types:

• consequences of emergencies;
• assistance to unemployed citizens;
• assistance to refugees, migrants;
• improvement of ecology, environmental conditions;
• regulation of population migration processes.

Creation of separate budgets and reserves

The following forms of associations can develop, as well as propose for consideration projects for the development of small businesses:

• institutions;
• firms;
• companies;
• organizations;
• enterprises.

Pay attention! This rule applies to any associations, regardless of what organizational, property, structural form they have. The authorities conduct a selection of projects, as a result of which they receive a list of the most effective and promising programs. Selected programs will be funded first.

In the field of entrepreneurship, separate funds independent of the state budget can be created, the resources of which will be directed to the implementation of new commercial projects. Such measures are practiced, for example, by large enterprises that are actively engaged in scientific and research activities. Very often, funds received from the state and individual independent companies are used in combination to achieve a more effective result.

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The authorities of the capital of the Russian Federation are developing measures to stimulate the business activity of the population. Support for small businesses in Moscow is a systematic activity of government agencies, carried out at the legislative and executive levels.

Consider the options for budget assistance that capital businessmen can count on in 2018.

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Goals and forms of work

Interaction with business structures of the authorities is carried out through specially created Funds. These enterprises accumulate the initiatives of market participants, create tools and new forms of cooperation between the state and entrepreneurs.

The policy priorities of the Moscow authorities are:

1. assistance in attracting young people to business activities;
2. support for market entities working with foreign counterparties;
3. providing conditions for improving the professional and educational level of entrepreneurs;
4. allocation of funding to companies involved in the development of infrastructure and civil society.

For example, the Moscow Interregional Marketing Center organizes the promotion of capital goods in the regions. There is an enterprise whose task is to create a unified information environment for businessmen.

In addition to other forms of support, subsidies are provided for small businesses in Moscow. This form of cooperation is the attraction of budgetary funds for the development of small business.

These structures see their goals as:

• combining the efforts of businessmen to increase the level of interaction with the state;
• improving working conditions for entrepreneurs;
• development of proposals for improving legislation;
• support for start-up businesses.

For information: the company can get help not only from the authorities. The centers actively cooperate with private investors, accumulating their proposals.

Support types

Several funds operate in the capital of the Russian Federation. They offer customers and partners a variety of useful services..

The table shows their features

Reference: there is a center in every district of the city.

Assistance in getting a loan

This type of support is provided by the IB Lending Assistance Fund. Its essence lies in the receipt by the borrower of state guarantees. Terms of provision:

• work with a partner bank;
• impeccable credit history and business reputation;
• registration in Moscow or the region.

Attention: The Fund guarantees up to 50% of the loan. The bank independently applies for a guarantee.

Rent at preferential prices

In order to reduce the cost of doing business, start-up entrepreneurs are provided with discounts for renting space in buildings owned by the state(to the municipality). The price is five to six times lower than the market price. However, in order to receive a preference, the following conditions must be met:

• register as a person on the small business list;
• engage in educational or medical projects.

Attention: the subsidy is not issued to applicants who violate the deadlines for making tax and other obligatory payments.

Subsidizing

Center "MB Moscow" allocates free funds to legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The conditions are:

• no more than two years have passed since the start of the activity;
• no more than 250 hired workers work in production;
• annual revenue does not exceed 1 billion rubles;
• the share of foreign owners does not exceed 25%.

To receive money, you must send an application to the structure, accompanying it with the necessary documentation. The subsidy is targeted. You will have to account for the use of the funds.

Reference: the amount of assistance does not exceed 500 thousand rubles.

The above organization issues targeted subsidies for participation in exhibitions. Their size reaches 300 thousand rubles. The selection criteria for participants are the same as listed above. But there are exceptions. This type of assistance cannot be received by a structure engaged in the following activities:

• trade in excisable goods;
• mediation;
• agency work.

Watch a video about supporting small and medium businesses