Block containers and features of ventilation systems in them. Container for mining House from containers in Kharkiv

In almost all, for any purpose, one of the prerequisites for ensuring the normal operation of the installed equipment or the comfortable stay of the maintenance, repair or duty personnel is the mandatory presence of a ventilation system.

Exception, i.e. the optional presence of such a system can only be a small vestibule or a small dedicated room for a warehouse.

Types of ventilation systems

The ventilation system is of two types - natural and forced.

Natural formed by opening windows and doors. It is used only in household containers in which people are present. In technological terms, such a system can be used as an additional one, for example: in compartments or cabinets when batteries are installed in them, or when the heat output from the installed equipment is low, i.e. low air exchange rate in the room. In this case, it is possible to control the system in automatic mode, for example, using temperature sensors.

Forced ventilation should always be automatic. It is formed by installing two or more ventilation openings in the container and a supply or exhaust fan installed in one of them. The operation of the system is also controlled by temperature sensors located in the auxiliary switchboard. If necessary, or to check the performance of the forced ventilation system can also be controlled manually.

For installation in modules, two types of ventilation dampers have been used - air dampers of own production of block container manufacturers, insulated and with electric drives, and universal air dampers of the UVK type, produced by specialized enterprises.

How to check the ventilation system?

To check the reliability of ventilation systems, many different methods are used, including the simplest, but no less effective than others - remote signaling of exceeding the maximum permissible temperature values ​​in the container room (for example, less than 5 * C and more than 35 * WITH).

Work principles

Now let's see the difference in the structures and principles of operation of ventilation systems in container modules for various purposes.

In modules with mounted communication or similar equipment, for example, in the designs of the "Apparatus" or "Communication" varieties, the ventilation system is designed to operate only during the transitional, autumn and spring periods.

At the same time, this system is an addition to the air conditioning system and allows you to maintain the temperature regime in the premises at low outdoor temperatures, and at the same time reduce electricity consumption for your own needs. At the same time, when working in the premises of the container of the air conditioning system, the operation of the ventilation system is completely blocked.

When using a specialized ventilation unit in mobile structures, the room is ventilated through it without the use of additional ventilation openings.

In "Diesel", when placed in them as sources of electricity, diesel generators, microturbines, etc., the ventilation system operates in two modes.

When the diesel generator is running, the dampers for hot air ejection from the DGU radiator and the supply air damper with a built-in fan are automatically opened to provide diesel cooling and combustion air supply. In this case, the opening of the dampers (valves) occurs on a signal from a running generator. When the DGU is stopped, including on an alarm signal, the dampers are closed using the return springs built into their electric drive.

But when the air temperature in the container rises when the diesel unit is not working, according to the signals from the temperature sensors, the same supply damper and another (second) exhaust damper, which has smaller overall dimensions compared to the main one, will open. By the way, this damper will also open when the diesel engine is running, if the temperature in the room, despite the operation of the main ventilation, rises. If a low-power diesel generator set is used, then the exhaust damper from the diesel generator set can also be used when the ventilation system is operated from temperature sensors.

And a few more additions.

1. In the cold (winter) season, it is desirable to use for ventilation valves the function of heating damper flaps before opening in all types of containers.

2. It is allowed to use soft opening/closing dampers in ventilation systems depending on the temperature in the room, except for valves used to operate a diesel generator, where only 2 damper positions are required - open and closed.

3. When a fire signal is received from the fire alarm system device, it is necessary to turn off the power supply to all dampers and ensure that they are closed using the return springs built into the electric drive.

12.05.2016

According to the international ISO classification (ISO), each container block is assigned a specific marking, which allows the user to quickly obtain all the necessary information regarding the size, capacity and design of the container, which is important when planning and creating a logistics scheme. At the same time, often, having chosen a container ideally suited for a particular purpose at first glance, unpleasant situations arise in the process of work that are difficult to foresee for an inexperienced person in the field of transportation.

One of these problems is the possibility of condensation and evaporation in the internal space of the unit during sudden changes in temperature and other climatic conditions, which is very common during intercontinental transportation. Condensation is especially dangerous for cargoes that do not tolerate contact with liquids and cannot be stored in rooms with high humidity. In particular, using for the transportation of cereals, cocoa beans, spices and spices over long distances, the customer runs the risk of receiving goods that are damp and have completely lost their presentation. The solution to this problem will be the use of special ventilated blocks, which are produced on the basis of standard marine modules and are designated as a “closed ventilated container” (Closed ventilate container). Let's consider what types of ventilated containers are used today and what marking corresponds to this type of transport modules.

Types of ventilated containers

In the modern shipping system, two types of ventilated units are used:

• Containers with natural (passive) ventilation (marking V0). This type has the simplest passive air exchange system, which is ensured by the presence of special perforations in the upper and lower compartments of the container block. Elementary at first glance, the technology of making small holes for ventilation, however, requires a very accurate calculation in order to avoid the penetration of atmospheric precipitation liquids into the interior of the unit during rain or snow.
• Containers with forced ventilation (marking V2). These containers are equipped with an automated motorized system that performs controlled air exchange using elements such as a fan and a control mechanism. Forced ventilation is more efficient and may involve the installation of special filters that will ensure the supply of purified air and the removal of a gas mixture saturated with carbon dioxide.

When choosing between a ventilation system, attention should first of all be paid to the type of cargo for which air exchange is required. The second aspect of the choice will be the weight characteristics of the unit, since forced ventilation systems usually make the entire sea container somewhat heavier.

Dimensional characteristics of ventilated containers do not differ from standard universal and specialized modules.

In your version, what you said, the main reason for condensation is the insulation inside with cotton wool, the lack of ventilation and the lack of external insulation of the floor of your container. What is going on with you? You have arrived at a frozen house. Turned on the heater. The air temperature began to rise, and since there is no ventilation, the humidity of the air begins to rise. From your breath, from sweat, from the fact that you decided to boil the kettle or cook food. And your floor, or rather what is under the floor, that is, the metal cannot warm up in principle, because it comes into contact with the cold outside air, and secondly, your water-saturated air gets under the floor boards. It comes into contact with cold metal and condenses, in the same place under the floor. That is, under the boards you always have water. Naturally, in such conditions, the boards are simply "obliged to rot." Your walls are in the same position. The air that is inside your container has the ability to get to the cold metal and will always condense on its walls. And the moisture hydrates your cotton pad. From moisture, its thermal properties are reduced by 70-80 percent. That is, you think that your container is insulated, but in fact this is an illusion. Wet wool is no longer a heater.
Just the option of warming the outside will be correct. Condensate will not flow. The colder the air, the less water vapor it contains. That is, the colder, the drier the air. Naturally, the better the ventilation, the less water vapor in the air. The less chance of condensation. The metal insulated from the outside will warm up as the air temperature inside the container rises. That is, its surface will be warm and moisture will not condense on it. And external insulation will protect it from cooling.
If we return to the option of insulating the container from the inside (which is much worse), then the condition must be met when the warmed-up and saturated air will get to the cold metal. That is, the internal insulation must be airtight. And of course, there should not be any cotton insulation options inside. Only heaters that do not let water vapor through and do not get wet. The options are. Spraying with polyurethane foam inside the container: floor, ceiling, walls. That is, a sort of internal thermal module should be obtained, beyond which the access of internal air to the cold outer metal will be absolutely excluded. Second option. Insulation with extruded polystyrene foam. Paste all internal surfaces with XPS sheets, you can glue it with mounting foam. With the same mounting foam, close up possible gaps between the XPS boards. You can lay thick plywood or OSB-3 on the floor. You can plaster the walls and ceiling on a plastic plaster mesh with a thin plaster mortar or putty. Or glue decorative fiberboard. The meaning must be the same. Internal air must in no way be allowed to enter from the inside to the metal of the container. It is necessary to equip the container with a forced-air and exhaust. The inflow is natural, the exhaust is forced. Put a small fan on the wall. The inflow is better through some valve of the type KIV - 125, you can even build a home-made one. Well, either through the vents, or slightly opened windows. But a separate supply valve is better. This is necessary so that you feel normal when you live in a container. There are norms of air exchange at which a person feels comfortable. These norms must be observed in any buildings, apartments, etc. where a person lives or stays for some time.

Sea containers, in fact, are not as simple and "empty" as it might seem at first glance. They have many additional features and configurations. Most people do not know what opportunities they get by purchasing a shipping container. These options can make your container more functional and fit your needs (and at a lower cost too). Here are some of the more common items that customers choose to add to a container:

Shelves / rack systems

Shelving makes it much easier to organize things in your container. Instead of just unloading everything together, shelving and shelves help organize your container's contents for more comfortable use, thus making it easier for you to access more important things, for example.

Ramps

Installing a ramp (board) makes it much easier to load and unload things from your container. If you're constantly storing and removing things from your container, then you'll probably want a container with side rails installed (especially if you're storing heavy items).

Ventilation

Some containers come with roof vents as well as side vents. Depending on the local climate, vents can be a wise decision.

Refrigerators

Refrigerated containers (also called refrigerators) are common in the food industry. If you are storing any type of perishable food, then a refrigerated container is the most suitable option.

double doors

Most containers come with doors on one side only. When operating large containers, it can be extremely difficult to access what you need if you don't have doors on both sides.

Do you dream that the house has a healthy microclimate and that no room smells musty and damp? In order for the house to be truly comfortable, even at the design stage, it is necessary to carry out a competent calculation of ventilation.

If this important point is missed during the construction of the house, in the future you will have to solve a number of problems: from removing mold in the bathroom to new repairs and installing an air duct system. Agree, it’s not very pleasant to see black mold nurseries in the kitchen on the windowsill or in the corners of the children’s room, and even plunge into repair work again.

The article presented by us contains useful materials on the calculation of ventilation systems, reference tables. Formulas, illustrative illustrations and a real example for premises for various purposes and a certain area, shown in the video, are given.

With correct calculations and proper installation, the ventilation of the house is carried out in a suitable mode. This means that the air in the premises will be fresh, with normal humidity and without unpleasant odors.

If the opposite picture is observed, for example, constant stuffiness in the bathroom or other negative phenomena, then you need to check the condition of the ventilation system.

Image Gallery

Conclusions and useful video on the topic

Roller #1. Useful information on the principles of operation of the ventilation system:

Roller #2. Together with the exhaust air, heat also leaves the home. Here, the calculations of heat losses associated with the operation of the ventilation system are clearly demonstrated:

The correct calculation of ventilation is the basis for its successful functioning and the guarantee of a favorable microclimate in a house or apartment. Knowing the basic parameters on which such calculations are based will allow not only to correctly design the ventilation system during construction, but also to correct its condition if circumstances change.