Vasily Ermolaevich Bugor was an Arctic navigator and one of the pioneers of Siberia. The most famous travelers in the world

travelers

in the paintings of artists N. Solomin and S. Yakovlev

Brilliant pages in the history of geographical discoveries were written by Russian travelers. They not only studied the vast expanses of the Motherland, but also made discoveries and researches far beyond its borders.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev (born around 1605 - died in 1672/3) - a famous explorer and navigator. Served in Tobolsk, Yeniseisk, Yakutsk; went on long and dangerous trips to the rivers Yana, Indigirka, Oymyakon. Departing in 1648 from the Nizhne-Kolyma prison, Dezhnev sailed from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and practically proved the existence of a strait separating Asia from America.

Faddey Faddeevich Bellingshausen (1779-1862) - famous navigator, prominent scientist. He participated in the expedition of Kruzenshtern and Lisyaneky, then commanded together with M.P. Lazarev in 1819-1821 the sloops Vostok and Mirny. This expedition to the South Pole made a great geographical discovery - it reached the shores of Antarctica, and also conducted extensive research in the equatorial and tropical zones of the Pacific Ocean and made adjustments to sea charts.

Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1827-1914) - a remarkable Russian geographer and traveler. The first Europeans penetrated the hard-to-reach areas of the Central Tien Shan and established that the Chu River does not flow into Lake Issyk-Kul, discovered the sources of the Naryn and Sarydzhaz rivers, the second highest Tien Shan peak - Khan Tengri, huge glaciers covering its slopes.

Pyotr Kuzmich Kozlov (1863-1936) was a remarkable Russian traveler and explorer of Central Asia. Participating in the expeditions of N. M. Przhevalsky, M. V. Pevtsov and V. I. Roborovsky, he repeatedly crossed Mongolia and China. From 1899 to 1926 Kozlov led three expeditions to Central Asia. He studied the mountains of the Mongolian Altai, penetrated into the least explored areas of the Tibetan highlands; in the center of the Mongolian deserts he discovered the ancient city of Khara-Khoto; excavated the Khentei-Noinulinsky mounds, enriching science with versatile information about the regions of Central Asia.

Nikolai Nikolaevich Miklukho-Maclay (1846 - 1888) - famous Russian traveler and scientist, anthropologist and ethnographer. He spent twelve years in New Guinea, Malacca, Australia and the Pacific Islands, studying the peoples inhabiting them. The creator of modern anthropology, Miklouho-Maclay was a passionate fighter against racial discrimination and colonial oppression.

Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky (1839-1888) - the great Russian traveler and geographer. Already after the first expedition to the Ussuri region (1867-1869) he became famous as a talented explorer of distant and little-known lands. He conducted four expeditions to Central Asia, during which he crossed vast expanses from the Sayan Mountains to Tibet and from the Tien Shan to the Khingan.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788-1851) - famous navigator, naval commander and research scientist. Together with F. Sh. Bellingshausen, he commanded a remarkable sea expedition that discovered Antarctica. Even before that, he went around the world on the ship "Suvorov", and after sailing to Antarctica he made the third trip around the world, commanding the frigate "Cruiser". The last seventeen years of his life he devoted to the education of Russian sailors and the construction of the Black Sea Fleet.

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Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern (1770-1846) - a remarkable navigator and research scientist. He commanded the first Russian round-the-world expedition from 1803 to 1806. The expedition refined the map of the Pacific Ocean, collected information about the nature and inhabitants of Sakhalin, the Pacific Islands and Kamchatka. Kruzenshtern published a description of his journey and compiled a two-volume atlas of the Pacific Ocean.

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Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov (1877-1914) - a brave navigator, explorer of the Arctic. In 1912 he proposed a trip to the North Pole. Having reached the ship "St. fok” of Franz Josef Land, Sedov made a bold attempt to reach the North Pole by dog ​​sled, but died on the way to his cherished goal.

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Gennady Ivanovich Nevelskoy (1813-1876) - an outstanding researcher of the Far East. He spent about six years in the Amur region, studying its nature. In 1849, while sailing on the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Nevelskoy proved that Sakhalin was an island separated from the mainland by the navigable Tatar Strait.

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Vladimir Afanasyevich Obruchev (1863-1956) - a remarkable traveler, the greatest Soviet geologist and geographer. After research in Central Asia (1886) and numerous expeditions to Eastern Siberia, in 1892 the scientist went to Mongolia and China for two years, covering more than thirteen and a half thousand kilometers during this time. Obruchev headed major geological research in Siberia.

Fedor Konyukhov- a modern Russian traveler, artist, writer.

During his life he made more than 40 unique expeditions and ascents, expressing his vision of the world in books and paintings. Fedor Konyukhov is a member of the Union of Artists of Russia and the Union of Writers of Russia. Author of nine books. Laureate of the Gold Medal of the Russian Academy of Arts, Honorary Academician of the Russian Academy of Arts, author of more than 3,000 paintings. Participant of Russian and international exhibitions.
Sea captain. Yacht captain. He made four voyages around the world, crossed the Atlantic fifteen times, once in a rowboat. Honored Master of Sports.
Awarded the Order of Friendship of the Peoples of the USSR. UNEP "GLOBAL 500" award for contribution to environmental protection. Winner of the UNESCO Prize for Fair Play.
Listed in the encyclopedia "CHRONICLE OF HUMANITY". Active member of the Russian Geographical Society.
Awarded with the Order of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church VMC. George the Victorious, I degree, for exemplary and diligent work for the benefit of God's Holy Orthodox Church.

The first and so far the only one in the world to conquer the five poles of our planet:
Northern Geographic (three times)
Southern Geographic
Pole of relative inaccessibility in the Arctic Ocean
Everest (altitude pole)
Cape Horn (Yachtmen's Pole)

Honorary resident of the city of Nakhodka (Primorsky Territory, Russia), the city of Terni (Italy) and the village of Bergin (Kalmykia, Russia).

The first Russian who managed to complete the Grand Slam program (North Pole, South Pole, Everest).

Since 1998 Head of the Laboratory of Distance Learning in Extreme Conditions (LDOEU) at the Modern Humanitarian Academy.

Married. Wife Irina. Son Oscar, daughter Tatiana, son Nikolai. Grandson Philip, granddaughter Polina, grandson Ethan, grandson Arkady, grandson Blake.

Biography.
Born on December 12, 1951 in the village of Chkalovo, Zaporozhye region of Ukraine. Father - Konyukhov Philip Mikhailovich (born in 1917), Mother - Konyukhova Maria Efremovna (born in 1918). Wife - Konyukhova Irina Anatolyevna (born in 1961), Doctor of Law, Professor. Son - Konyukhov Oscar Fedorovich (born in 1975). Daughter - Tatyana Fedorovna Konyukhova (born in 1978).

The future famous traveler Fyodor Konyukhov lived and was brought up in a simple peasant family with five children: three sons and two daughters. From childhood, they got used to hard collective farm work in the field, to work in the garden, and Fedor often went with his father, a fisherman, to the fishing season in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov. With pleasure he kept watch on the steering wheel, helped the fishermen to pull out the nets. As a participant in the Great Patriotic War, who reached Budapest, his father often told his children about the difficult battles against the Nazis, urged them to work honestly and protect their land. Young Fyodor was inspired by the interesting stories of his grandfather, a lieutenant colonel in the tsarist army, about Georgy Sedov, with whom he served in the same garrison. Before his last, which turned out to be a tragic trip to the Arctic, Georgy left an Orthodox cross with a request to hand it to the strongest of his sons or grandsons, who could realize his idea. And, as you know, Fedor fulfilled this testament - he visited the North Pole three times, and once - alone with that cross around his neck.

Fedor prepared himself for long trips from an early age, at first, perhaps not quite consciously. He learned to swim and dive well, to go on a boat on oars and under sail. Bathed in cold water, slept in the hayloft. In football and long-distance running among schoolchildren, he had no equal, and most of all he was attracted by the sea, the sea and romance. Having read Goncharov and Stanyukovich, Jules Verne and other marine painters, at the age of 15 he made his first trip - he crossed the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov in a rowboat.

The largest country has been gathering for centuries. Travelers were the discoverers of new lands and seas. Having paved the way to the new, mysterious, through unpredictable difficulties and risks, they achieved their goal. I think that these people, on a personal level, having overcome the dangers and sufferings of the expeditions, accomplished a feat. I would like to recall three of them who have done a lot for the state and science.

Great Russian travelers

Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich

Semyon Dezhnev (1605-1673), Ustyug Cossack, was the first to sail around the easternmost part of our Fatherland and all of Eurasia. Passed the strait between Asia and America, opened the way from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific.

By the way, Dezhnev discovered this strait 80 years earlier than Bering, who visited only its southern part.

The cape is named after Dezhnev, the one next to which the international date line passes.

After the opening of the strait, an international commission of geographers decided that this place was the most convenient for drawing such a line on the map. And now a new day on Earth begins at Cape Dezhnev. Note that 3 hours earlier than in Japan and 12 hours earlier than in the suburbs of London - Greenwich, from where universal time begins. Isn't it time to combine the prime meridian with the international date line? Moreover, such proposals from scientists have been coming for a long time.

Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky

Pyotr Petrovich Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky (1827-1914), leading scientist of the Russian Geographical Society. Not an armchair scientist. He had a temper that only climbers can appreciate. In the literal sense - the conqueror of mountain peaks.

Among Europeans, he was the first to penetrate the hard-to-reach mountains of the Central Tien Shan. He discovered the top of Khan-Tengri and huge glaciers on its slopes. At that time in the West, with the light hand of the German scientist Humboldt, it was believed that volcanic ridges were erupting there.

Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky discovered the sources of the Naryn and Sarydzhaz rivers, and along the way he discovered that the Chu River, despite the opinion of the geographers of the "international community", does not flow from Lake Issyk-Kul. Penetrated into the upper reaches of the Syr Darya, which before him were also untrodden.

The question of what Semyonov-Tien-Shansky discovered is very easy to answer. He opened the Tien Shan to the scientific world, at the same time offering this world a completely new path of knowledge. Semenov Tien-Shansky was the first to study the dependence of the mountain relief on its geological structure. With the gaze of a geologist, botanist and zoologist all rolled into one, he saw nature in its living family ties.

This is how the Russian original geographical school was born, which relied on the reliability of an eyewitness and was distinguished by its versatility, depth and integrity.

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev

Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev (1788-1851), Russian admiral. On the Mirny ship.

In 1813, Lazarev was instructed to establish regular communication between St. Petersburg and Russian America. Russian America included the regions of Alaska, the Aleutian Islands, as well as Russian trading posts in the states of British Columbia, Washington, Oregon and California. The southernmost point is Fort Ross, 80 km from San Francisco. These places have already been explored and settled by Russia (by the way, there is evidence that one of the settlements in Alaska was founded by Dezhnev's companions in the 17th century). Lazarev traveled around the world. Along the way, in the Pacific Ocean, he discovered new islands, which he named after Suvorov.

Where Lazarev is especially honored is in Sevastopol.

Behind the admiral were not only circumnavigations, but also participation in battles with the enemy, many times superior in number of ships. During the time that Lazarev commanded the Black Sea Fleet, dozens of new ships were built, including the first ship with a metal hull. Lazarev began to train sailors in a new way, at sea, in an environment close to combat.

He took care of the Maritime Library in Sevastopol, built the Assembly House and a school for the children of sailors there, and began building the Admiralty. He also built admiralties in Novorossiysk, Nikolaev and Odessa.

In Sevastopol, on the grave and at the monument to Admiral Lazarev, there are fresh flowers all the time.

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Would you like to travel around the world at least once? Almost everyone will answer this almost rhetorical question in the affirmative. There are happy people in our world who do not set the goal of their whole life to earn capital in a stuffy office, do not stick around all day on the Internet, do not watch TV shows season after season at night, but admire the various corners of our planet, the diversity of its peoples and beauties.

If you think that with the departure of the Age of Discovery, outstanding travelers have sunk into oblivion, then you are mistaken! Our contemporaries also made and are making the most amazing journeys. Among them are scientists who went in search of confirmation of their theories, explorers of the deep sea, and just adventurers who ventured to travel around the world alone or with like-minded people. Many documentaries have been created about their travels, and thanks to them, we can see the whole world through their eyes, real, alive, full of dangers and adventures.

1. Jim Shekdar

A native Englishman, he began to travel and get acquainted with the culture of other countries since childhood, at the age of 7 he moved to live in India. Cheerful and desperate Englishman, inspired by the transatlantic passage on the boat of two more noble English gentlemen, Sir Charles Blyth and John Ridgway, decided to do it himself.

After several attempts, he nevertheless accomplishes his plan with his friend Jason Jackson in 65 days, having passed the entire Atlantic Ocean on a rowboat. It becomes not enough for Shekdar and he decides to conquer the Pacific Ocean, and moreover, alone, in a way that no one has done.

Having loaded his boat with provisions for 8 months, he sails from Peru, and after numerous encounters with sharks, collisions with a tanker and a 9-month journey on the remnants of provisions, the courageous Jim with arthritis of the hip joint reaches the "opposite shore", moreover, with a breaking wave on the island of the point of arrival , his boat covers, and the last meters to land, which he had not seen for 270 days, the traveler overcame by swimming.

2. Palkiewicz Jacek

A stern and strong-willed Italian-Polish traveler, Italian journalist and writer, all his life he made the most desperate and extreme transitions, such as: on camels through the Gobi and Sahara deserts, on deer - to the North Pole, on an Indian pie and a lifeboat - across the Atlantic Ocean .

This great man, with the rank of a member of the Russian Geographical Society, in 1996 makes the last major discovery of the twentieth century - he lengthens the Amazon River by 700 km, further exploring its sources, thus dropping the Nile from the first place in length.

Being an honorary member, an honorary citizen, a friend of peoples, tribes, peoples, ethnic groups and communities in various parts of the Earth, in 2010 Palkevich receives a golden cross for his merits from the hands of the Pope himself.

3. Carlo Mauri

Another Italian and iron-willed man first tried himself in mountaineering, having made his first ascent at the age of 15. Then, having tasted the charm of travel, he began to conquer Mont Blanc, the mountains of Tierra del Fuego and other impregnable mountains in Chile.

Later, in the mountains of the Karakoram, he will overcome the summit of 7925 m. Then, after numerous injuries, fractures of the foot, rupture of internal organs, Mauri nevertheless gains new strength in himself and participates in the expeditions of Thor Heyerdahl on his famous papyrus boats.

Already further there will be outstanding historical expeditions with poor health, at the limit of human capabilities: in the footsteps of Marco Polo, through the lands of Patagonia and the Amazon. Almost lying on a hospital bed, this man does not calm down and writes a book about his adventures, having passed away, alas, too early - at 52, in 1982.

4. Yuri Senkevich

A record-breaking TV presenter, with his program “Travellers Club”, he really got into history, enlightening the Soviet and Russian people about the corners of the diverse and beautiful world that are inaccessible to them. After a number of outstanding and dangerous expeditions, including the Antarctic one, he was invited by Thor Heyerdahl to join the expedition team on the Pa-2 papyrus boat.

Later, together in Heyerdahl, they will conquer the Indian Ocean on a reed boat, and then there will be climbing Everest, polar expeditions. Unlike others, he was always in a hurry to share his discoveries with others, doing a tremendous job of processing the accumulated material into a television broadcast format upon his return from travel.

Until his death, in 2003, Sienkiewicz worked and traveled, despite his age, and did a lot to increase the number of travelers in the world.

5. Thor Heyerdahl

The Norwegian traveler-record holder, as a child was very afraid of water until the age of 22, when he fell into the water, he still managed to swim out on his own. Having eliminated the main problem, Tour begins his career as a professional traveler in Polynesia, getting acquainted with the local life of the indigenous people.

There he finds the Second World War and Heyerdahl volunteers for the front. Having finished fighting, the Tour organizes expeditions to conquer the Pacific Ocean and a grandiose trip to Easter Island, and even later travels on the Ra and Ra-2 boats that went down in history.

In the future, the tireless traveler explored the most diverse corners of the globe - Oceania, Iceland, the Arctic Ocean, forever inscribing his name in history as the name of the greatest traveler of all times and peoples.

6. Jacques-Yves Cousteau

Captain Cousteau is a famous French explorer of the World Ocean, author of books and films, inventor. The oceans revealed many of its secrets, showed the beauty of its depths still inaccessible to people for a huge number of diving enthusiasts. We can say that Captain Cousteau is the father of modern diving, because it was he who created the main apparatus for diving. Being engaged in research of the underwater world of our planet, Cousteau created the famous floating laboratory "Callisto" and the first apparatus for diving "Denise". Jacques-Yves Cousteau captivated millions of people, showing them on movie screens how beautiful the underwater world is, giving them the opportunity to see what was still inaccessible to man.

7. Nikolai Drozdov

More than 40 years ago, Nikolai Nikolaevich Drozdov became the host of the popular TV show "In the Animal World". An avid traveler, a "gallant know-it-all", who spends hours talking about animals as the most wonderful and beautiful creatures in the world - be it an elephant, a bug, or even a poisonous snake. An amazing and wonderful person, the idol of millions of viewers of our country, listening to stories about interesting facts from the life of birds, reptiles, domestic and wild animals, about the beauty of our nature - and incomparable pleasure, because only a person in love with life can talk like that. An interesting fact about Nikolai Nikolayevich himself is that his great-great-great-grandfather was Metropolitan Filaret of Moscow, and his maternal great-great-grandfather Ivan Romanovich von Dreiling was an orderly of Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov.

Nikolai Drozdov traveled the whole world, all zoological and national parks, studying the habitats and habits of animals in natural conditions, climbed Elbrus, participated from a long expedition on the Callisto research vessel and in the first Soviet expedition to Everest, twice went to the North Pole, passed along the Northern Sea Route on the Yamal icebreaker, sailed along the coasts of Alaska and Canada on the Discoverer.

8. Fedor Konyukhov

A lone traveler who conquered what seemed impossible to conquer, more than once overcame a path that could not be walked alone - the great contemporary Fyodor Konyukhov. The first among travelers who conquered the North and South Poles, seas, oceans and the highest peaks of the world, which is proved by more than 40 expeditions made by him to the most inaccessible places on our planet. Among them are five round-the-world trips, a solo voyage across the Atlantic (which, by the way, he crossed more than once) on a rowboat. Konyukhov was the first to cross the Pacific Ocean from continent to continent. But the life of our famous compatriot is not filled with travel alone - Fedor Konyukhov became the youngest member of the Union of Artists of the USSR and the author of twelve travel books. There were also new plans ahead: flying around the world in a balloon and circumnavigating the world in 80 days for the Jules Verne Cup, as well as diving into the Mariana Trench. However, having accepted the priesthood in 2010, Fedor Konyukhov decided not to travel anymore, but ... the ways of the Lord are inscrutable and the famous traveler is again at the helm. In the spring of this year, he “beat” the Russian record and stayed in the air on a balloon for 19 hours and 10 minutes.

9. Bear Grylls

Fame came to the young English traveler thanks to the highest-rated television show on the Discovery channel, Survive at Any Cost, which first aired in October 2006. The TV presenter and traveler does not just “entertain” the audience with beautiful views of the most amazing places on the planet, his goal is to bring life recommendations to the audience that can come in handy in unforeseen situations.

His list of travels is respected: he sailed around the British Isles in thirty days, crossed the North Atlantic in an inflatable boat, flew over the Angel Falls in a steam-powered plane, flew over the Himalayas in a paraglider, led an expedition to one of the furthest unclimbed peaks in Antarctica and arranged ... a gala dinner in a balloon at an altitude of more than seven thousand meters! Most of Grylls' expeditions are for charitable purposes.

10. Abby Sunderland

Not only men can boast of friendship with the wind of wanderings - Abby Sunderland, a young traveler who at the age of 16 alone made a trip around the world on a yacht, will give odds to many men. The determination of Abby's parents is surprising, because they not only allowed her to participate in such a dangerous enterprise, but also helped to prepare for it. Alas, the first start on January 23, 2010 was unsuccessful and Abby made a second attempt on February 6. The journey turned out to be more dangerous than expected: between Australia and Africa, 2 thousand miles from the coast, the yacht's hull was damaged and the engine failed. After this message, communication was interrupted, the search for Abby's yacht was unsuccessful, and she was declared missing. A whole month later, Australian rescuers in the zone of the most severe storm found the lost yacht and Abby alive and unharmed. Who then will say that a woman has no place on a ship?

11. Jason Lewis

And, finally, the most original of modern travelers, who spent 13 years on a round-the-world trip! Why so long? The simple fact is that Jason refused any kind of technology and all sorts of achievements of civilization. The former janitor, along with his friend Steve Smith, went around the world on a bicycle, boat and rollerblades! The expedition started from Greenwich in 1994, in February 1995 the travelers reached the shores of the United States and after 111 days of sailing decided to cross America separately on roller skates. Lewis had to interrupt the journey for 9 months after an accident. After recovering, Lewis goes to Hawaii, from where he sails on a pedal boat to Australia, where he had to spend some time earning money for his further trip ... selling T-shirts. In 2005, he reaches Singapore, then crosses China and India on a bicycle. By March 2007, he reached Africa and also crossed all of Europe on a bicycle: Romania, Bulgaria, Austria, Germany and Belgium. Having crossed the English Channel, in October 2007, Jason Lewis returned to London.