Shell piles - technical specifications. Building up reinforcement in a pile If you build up a pile, how will it work
Scope of work: 1. Docking sections of piles. 2. Joint bolting. 3. Welding of nuts and welding of a joint.
4. Anti-corrosion insulation of the joint.
Gauge: 1 joint
5-6-1 Building solid reinforced concrete square piles
Table 18 - Group 6 Norm 1
| Resource ID | Resource name | Unit | 5-6 |
| man-hour | 5,45 | ||
| Average category of work | 4,3 | ||
| Machinist labor costs | man-hour | 11,13 | |
| Machines and mechanisms | |||
| 204-0202 | Mobile welding units with a diesel engine, with a rated welding current of 250-400 A | mash-h | 1,02 |
| 205-0501 | Compressor stations, pressure 245 kPa, flow 40 m3/min | mash-h | 3,71 |
| 214-0311 | Copra universal with a pneumatic hammer weighing 8 tons | mash-h | 3,71 |
| 270-0108 | mash-h | 0,28 | |
| materials | |||
| 111-0073 | T | 0,00151 | |
| 111-1530 | T | 0,00073 | |
| 111-1848 | T | 0,00385 |
Group 7 Diving of reinforced concrete pile-shells with a diameter of up to 2 m with the extraction of soil from the cavity
Scope of work: 1. Control assembly of pile-shell sections. 2- Installing and removing the device for hanging the shell in the guide frame. 3. Installation of shell piles in the guide frame. 4. Building piles-shells with welding of flanges, nuts and anti-corrosion insulation of joints. 5. Installing on the pile-shell and removing the vibrator from it. 6. Installation and dismantling of airlifts and high-pressure pipes. 7. Immersion of pile-shells with extraction of soil from the cavity of the pile-shell.
Meter: 1 m3 reinforced concrete pile-shell
Immersion of reinforced concrete pile-shells up to 12 m long into soils with a vibrator:
5-7-1 incoherent
5-7-2 liaison
The same, over 12 m long into the ground:
5-7-3 incoherent
5-7-4 liaison
Table 19 - Group 7 Codes 1 to 4
| Resource ID | Resource name | Unit | 5-7 | 5-7 | 5-7 | 5-7 |
| Labor costs of construction workers | man-hour | 21,28 | 25,9 | 24,22 | 29,4 | |
| Average category of work | 3,8 | 3,8 | 3,8 | 3,8 | ||
| Machinist labor costs | man-hour | 11,55 | 20,17 | 13,57 | 29,2 | |
| Machines and mechanisms | ||||||
| 202-0435 | Gantry cranes for work on bridge construction, lifting capacity 65 t | mash-h | 6,76 | 10,92 | 7,31 | 12,6 |
| 204-05CH02 | Manual Arc Welding Machine [DC] | mash-h | 1,96 | 1,96 | 2,66 | 2,66 |
| 205-0201 | Mobile compressors with internal combustion engine, pressure 800 kPa, flow 10 m3/min | mash-h | 0,21 | 1,26 | 0,76 | 4,51 |
| 214-0411 | Low-frequency vibratory drivers for driving shell piles | mash-h | 3,01 | 3,84 | 3,28 | 3,89 |
| 214-0901 | Soil pumps, flow 60 m3/h, head 165 m | mash-h | 0,21 | 1,26 | 0,76 | 4,51 |
| 270-0108 | Mobile bitumen boilers, capacity 400 l | mash-h | 0,28 | 0,28 | 0,28 | 0,28 |
| materials | ||||||
| 111-0073 | Oil construction bitumen, brand BN-90/10 | T | 0,0014 | 0,0014 | 0,0014 | 0,0014 |
| 111-1129 | Hot-rolled carbon steel plate of ordinary quality with sheared edges, thickness 9-12 mm, St3sp grade steel | T | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0,01 | 0,01 |
| 111-1530 | Electrodes, diameter 6 mm, brand E42A | T | 0,0014 | 0,0014 | 0,0019 | 0,0019 |
| 111-1848 | Construction bolts with nuts and washers | T | 0,00448 | 0,00448 | 0,00448 | 0,00448 |
| 112-0293 | Wooden wedges 50x100x400 mm | m3 | 0,002 | 0,002 | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| By project | Piles-shells reinforced concrete | m3 | 1,01 | 1,01 | 1,01 | 1,01 |
| By project | Suspended scaffold structures | T | 0,0378 | 0,0378 | 0,0378 | 0,0378 |
Class 84s, 2
Registered in Byu in the USSR
A. M, Kryukov
Prefabricated reinforced concrete pile supports were not widely used due to the fact that all the structures used required great accuracy in piling, both in terms of the distance between the piles in the plan, and in terms of the location of the heads of the driven piles at the same elevation. Therefore, as a rule, after driving the piles, it became necessary to process their heads.
This processing consists either in the destruction of the heads of excessively long piles, or in the build-up of short ones.
The last operation is extremely time-consuming, since in order to build up a pile, it is necessary to break its head in order to expose the reinforcement of the pile, and then install the reinforcement and formwork of the area to be built up; Only then can the concrete be laid. Since there are almost no cases in construction practice when the heads of all driven reinforced concrete piles are located at the same mark, such work is usually found. This reduces the effect obtained from the use of existing designs of precast concrete piles to such an extent that the manufacture of the packing on site is considered more appropriate.
The invention aims to eliminate the above disadvantages and consists in the following.
In the reinforced concrete beams (nozzles) connecting the heads of the piles, nests are made with shoulders in their upper part; with these nests, the beams are put on the heads of the piles, after which the nests are poured with concrete.
Thus, the proposed support will have the advantages of a prefabricated structure, while at the same time ensuring solidity, thanks to the filling of the nests with concrete.
In the drawing of FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary form of the proposed device in relation to the intermediate supports of bridges (external view); fig. 2 and 3 - section along 1 - I u II - II in Fig. 1; fig. 4— longitudinal vertical section along the support; fig. 5 - beam (nozzle) in axonometry; fig. 6 - side view of the beam with a partial cut; fig.
7 - beam in plan.
The pile support shown in the drawing consists of piles 1 and a box nozzle 2. Reinforced concrete piles to save material, as well as to lighten the weight
¹ 63656 and the convenience of immersion with the help of a wash are made tubular. They can be produced centrifugally, which results in greater strength and makes it possible to produce piles of large diameter and small thickness. The nozzle along the length is made up of two U-shaped box beams that are completely identical in design. The division of the nozzle into two parts makes it possible, when installing it, to create a transverse slope by a corresponding inclination of each half. Transverse partitions (diaphragms) are made in the beams 3. Each pair of diaphragms, together with the walls of the beam, forms a nest, into which the pile head enters when the nozzles are installed. The dimensions of the nest in the plan are assigned in such a way that the assembly of the support is possible when the pile deviates from the vertical in any direction. The horizontal flange of the beam within the sockets has holes 4 for supplying concrete, with the help of which the pile head is sealed. The dimensions of this hole are taken somewhat smaller than the dimensions of the nest, due to which shoulders are obtained in the upper part of the nest, with which the beam can rest on the pile head.
In cases where the pile heads are at different levels. the nozzle is installed in the design position with the help of concrete spacers installed between the pile heads and nest shoulders. Gaskets are made in the form of rings 5 or bars 6.
After adjusting the position of the nozzles, the hole remaining from below between the pile and the walls of the nest is closed with a metal inventory formwork and the compartment is filled from above with concrete. If you do not close the pile hole from above, then during concreting the entire pile will be filled with concrete. In order to illustrate this, the hole in the pile is covered with a concrete circle 7, which falls 40 - 50 cm below the nozzle and is supported by a wire that has hooks at the ends that rest on
1 pile pile. Before filling the inside of the pile with concrete, in order to avoid leakage of cement laitance, a layer of sand should be poured on the installed concrete circle in 3”
5 cm. The halves of the nozzles are connected on the middle pile. Here, for a stronger connection, reinforcement is placed in the docking compartment.
Due to the significant height of the nozzles and the accepted method of connecting them with piles, with a difference in the height of the pile heads up to 50"
60 cm, the support can be assembled without any additional work. In cases where the difference exceeds the specified limit, additional work is needed to build up or shorten the piles.
Both types of work are performed before the installation of the nozzle. Piles are built up by installing a section of a pile of the required length on a short pile and splicing it with a new pile by installing an internal reinforced concrete plug at their junction.
Pile shortening is carried out by destroying the excessive height of the pile. It should be noted that the fears about damage to the bottom s;yuev of concrete when the pile head is destroyed are not significant, due to the significant length of the pile in the nozzle.
Subject of invention
The device of reinforced concrete pile supports using beams (nozzles) connecting piles, characterized in that the beams (nozzles) have through sockets with
Anchors in their upper part, in order to rigidly connect the beams to the piles, by putting the beams with their nests on the pile heads and then pouring the nests with concrete.
2. The form of execution of the device according to n, 1, characterized in that the beams (nozzles) have a U-shaped cross section with transverse partitions 3, forming a nest.
Printing house of Gosplanizdat, im. Vorovsky, Kaluga.
Rep. editor D. A, Mikhailov
1123569, Signed for publication July 13, 1946
Fig. 2 Fig. 3
Tech. editor M. V. Smolyakov
Circulation 500 copies. 1 Lena 65 k. Zak. 105
The pile-screw foundation is one of the best in the construction of not very heavy buildings, great for. To understand all the pros and cons of this type of foundation, let's deal with it in more detail.
Screw piles have stood the test of time
Filling piles with concrete
After leveling, a concrete mixture is poured inside the piles, which is designed to protect x from corrosion from the inside.
Installing a grillage on a pile-screw foundation
At the final stage, they mount, i.e. the very foundation for the future home. For lighter construction, for example, a house made of timber or logs, it is possible to install a grillage from a thick timber. For houses made of bricks or blocks, it is better to make the grillage reinforced concrete.
The pile-screw foundation does not require time for shrinkage, you can continue immediately after installing the grillage. Now you can start installing the frame of your house. The foundation is ready for loading and full operation.
Where to buy piles and what is the price?
This page provides information on the classification of piles used for arranging foundations in residential, hydraulic engineering and road construction. All types of existing piles are considered - from screw to reinforced concrete, their main sizes and scope are indicated.
The company "Installation of Piles" provides services for the supply of piles, their immersion and testing. If you are interested in the prompt and high-quality performance of pile work at the lowest prices, please contact our company representatives by contact numbers or fill out the "Leave a Request" form located at the bottom of the page.
Piles are the main components in the construction of various buildings, and even more so multi-storey buildings and in conditions of clay or sandy soils. However, when installing piles, the question is not only about their quantity, but also about the type of piles used, since the variety of these materials for various reasons is numerous and the quality and durability of the building as a whole depend on the correct choice.
Pile classification
For various reasons, piles are classified into hundreds of groups, and each of them is used under certain conditions and according to certain rules. Let's consider each of them in more detail. First, depending on the type of materials, piles are divided into:- reinforced concrete;
- concrete.
- round;
- square;
- rectangular.
Square And rectangular are used in harder types of soils and are mounted using sledgehammer-type fenders.
Depending on the structural features, piles are divided into whole and composite. Solid piles are monolithic reinforced concrete shafts, the length of which varies between 6-20 meters, they can have longitudinal or longitudinal-transverse reinforcement. - multi-section structures, consisting of an upper and lower part, joined during immersion by welding or bolting. The total length of the composite can reach up to 48 m, they are used in construction on sites with a thick layer of weak surface soil, for which the length of solid piles is not enough to cut through.
Rice. 1.1
Depending on the method of working in the ground, reinforced concrete supports are classified into piles-racks and hanging piles. The difference between them lies in the fact that the stability of the pile-racks is achieved by supporting the base of the column on a high-density soil layer. They dive to a depth of up to 20 meters, bypassing weak surface layers of soil. Such supports are considered the most reliable, they do not shrink during operation and are highly resistant to horizontal and push-out loads.
Rice. 1.2
Hanging piles get stability due to the force of friction of the walls of the trunk with the surrounding soil. The side contour of the pile assumes and distributes over the ground about 70% of all loads received by the pile from the mass of the building. Such supports are rarely used as single piles, the main scope of their application is the arrangement of pile bushes and dense pile fields, where due to soil compaction by adjacent piles, the maximum level of their stability is achieved.
Rice. 1.3
According to the method of location in the ground, pile supports are divided into vertical and inclined. Vertical supports are used for arranging foundations in stable soils that do not exert strong horizontal loads on the foundation of the building. In areas with soil prone to shifts, the foundations are supplemented with inclined piles (immersed with a slope of up to 30 degrees from the vertical), which, acting as lateral struts, give the foundation additional resistance to deformation.
Rice. 1.4
Depending on the installation method, you can select: stuffed And driving. Their main difference comes down to the mechanism used in their installation. In addition, the driven ones are installed in pre-drilled wells, and the driven ones are immersed in sandy or clayey soils. Depending on the location and load received, piles are divided into: central and auxiliary. The central piles take on the entire load of the foundation, and the auxiliary piles only take on the load with an eccentricity.
See also:
Metal piles
This type of pile is made of metal beams with a diameter of 30 to 120 cm, depending on the area of the foundation. Instead of beams, steel pipes or individual types of profile can be used. A single pile is made by welding several pipes into a box section with a tip at the end. After immersion, the tip serves as an earthen cone, which is subsequently covered with soil to the base of the pile. Metal piles have again become widely used in construction due to their high strength properties. However, when using this type of pile, it is important to remember that metal is prone to rust or corrosion, especially under the influence of groundwater or frost, and therefore they must be treated with an anti-corrosion solution before immersion in the ground.
The use of metal piles The use of metal screw piles is especially attractive if the terrain is too complex, and the soil has too much moisture. At the same time, complicated earthworks are not required; metal piles can even be installed independently without the help of mechanisms.
Screw-type metal structures are the main type of piles in individual construction. Their bearing capacity, in comparison with reinforced concrete piles, is limited, which does not allow them to be used as foundation supports for heavy multi-storey buildings, however, when arranging prefabricated frame and wooden houses, this is the best possible option.
Rice. 1.5: Types of metal screw piles
The popularity of foundations on screw piles is due to the minimum time for their installation - a full-fledged foundation for a building of standard sizes 10 * 10 m can be equipped within 2-3 days - one of them goes to screwing the piles, the second - to tying the piles with a grillage, while the classic Reinforced concrete foundations require at least 30 days for the arrangement necessary for the concrete to gain strength.
Important: screw piles allow you to build on sites with sloping terrain, they do not require leveling the site for building a house - piles of different lengths are used to equip the foundation, which, after immersion, are aligned to one zero level.
Rice. 1.6
The areas of application of metal screw piles are as follows:
- Construction of foundations for light buildings from frame and panel panels, beams, log cabins, foam concrete;
- Supports for fences, barriers;
- Supports for hydrotechnical objects - bridges, moorings, piers;
- Strengthening unstable slopes and slopes;
- Arrangement of temporary foundations for portable structures - attractions, shopping pavilions, billboards;
- Use as anchor piles for strengthening foundation pits.
Rice. 1.7
interesting material:
Reinforced concrete piles
Reinforced concrete piles are divided into: - prefabricated;
- monolithic.
Monolithic piles- this is a solid pile of a certain section, which is driven in a pile field, provided that the length of the standard pile is sufficient.
Reinforced concrete piles classified:
- printed;
Rice. 1.8
Stuffed piles are created by drilling at the site of wells and filling them with concrete (in unstable soils, drilling is carried out under the protection of a casing pipe). After drilling, a reinforcing cage is immersed in the recess and a concrete solution is injected into the well through a concrete-cast pipe.
Stuffed piles can have a cylindrical shape or have a broadening of the base (widening is created using special drill strings with folding blades or using camouflage technology, in which an explosive detonates at the bottom of the well).
Rice. 1.9
Bored piles are made using a similar technology, however, the filling of the well with concrete is carried out during its development through a special drill string with an internal channel for supplying concrete (CFA drill string). The reinforcing cage is lowered into the well already filled with concrete using a vibratory driver.
Important: the creation of reinforced concrete piles using bored technology can significantly reduce the time for arranging foundation supports.
Rice. 2.0
Driven piles - reinforced concrete products of industrial production, plunging into the ground by means of shock driving, vibration immersion or static indentation. Classification of driven piles into types is carried out based on the section of the structure and the method of reinforcing the pile.
Rice. 2.1
According to the method of reinforcement, they distinguish:
- Piles with longitudinal reinforcement;
- Piles with longitudinal-transverse reinforcement;
Rice. 2.2
Depending on the section, driven piles are divided into the following types:
- With wai of solid square section (dimensions from 20*20 to 40*40 cm, length - from 3 to 20 meters);
- Piles of square section with an internal cavity (dimensions from 25 * 25 to 40 * 40 cm, length from 3 to 8 meters, cavity diameter from 110 to 275 mm);
- Piles of rectangular section (20*40, 20*45 and 20*50 cm, length from 3 to 16 meters);
- Hollow piles of circular section (divided into tubular piles - diameter from 40 to 80 cm, length from 4 to 12 m, and shell piles - diameter from 100 to 300 cm, length - 6-12 m).
Important: square and round piles can be solid or composite - consisting of two joined sections. The build-up of composite piles makes it possible to form reinforced concrete supports with a total length of up to 48 meters.
Rice. 2.3
Where are reinforced concrete piles used
The main scope of reinforced concrete piles is the arrangement of foundations for heavy multi-storey buildings in residential and industrial construction. Almost all buildings with a height of more than 5 floors are built on pile foundations.Important: foundations on reinforced concrete piles have maximum reliability and stability in any type of soil, including low-density and moisture-saturated silty and swampy soils, embankments, heaving soils and soil prone to horizontal shifts.
Rice. 2.4
Reinforced concrete piles transfer the load from the building to a deep layer of high-density soil, which allows construction in areas where no other foundation will be sufficiently stable.
Also, reinforced concrete piles are used:
- As foundations for hydraulic structures - piers, moorings, dams, hydroelectric power stations;
- As foundations for road and railway bridges on land and water;
- As supports for engineering structures - pipelines, power lines;
- As supporting columns holding interfloor ceilings of frame structures - hangars, warehouses;
- When reconstructing foundations, as additional supports that take on part of the load coming from the mass of the building;
Rice. 2.5
Pile driving of various types
The choice between metal and reinforced concrete piles depends on:- from the number of storeys of the building
- on soil type
- from humidity conditions.
Contact us and we will do the work
Offers services for the selection and installation of piles of various varieties and in various conditions. Everything will depend both on the wishes of the client and on the conclusion of our specialists, who, while examining the site and the soil, will make their verdict regarding the possibility of using a pile of one type or another.
Our company "Installation of Piles" supplies and drives piles in the Moscow region -
Depending on landscape solutions and the complexity of soils in a suburban building, it is often necessary to install helical piles to a depth of more than 10 meters. Russian customers often ask how this is done, and how reliable the foundation design will be with such a deepening.
At the technical level, it is, of course, not possible to install a ten- or even twenty-meter pile on the fly. And the production process does not provide for the manufacture of piles of this length. Based on this, the piles are delivered in separate sections of 6 meters: directly the pile itself with a screw and, for its extension, pipes so that the same diameter with a special lock. When building up, a piece of pipe is welded with a huge diameter, so that it may be possible to put an additional pipe on an already screwed pile.
The process itself begins with the installation of a pile with a screw into the ground to a certain size. In an inescapable manner, it is necessary to ensure that it enters strictly according to the level, otherwise the extended sections of the pile will be able to deviate from the specified installation characteristics without jokes. A part of the pile with a key for drilling into the ground is cut off, and the next 6-meter part is put on the pile with the help of a lock. convergence piles and Key Place are amazingly scalded by welding in a circle. It is very very important that the welding seam be solid and strong, otherwise, when the pile is screwed in, the welded part can be torn off. Upon completion, the welding seam is cleaned, painted with a special anti-corrosion coating and waterproofed.
The waterproofing process is done in a couple of steps. At the end of the coloring, the joints of the pile and the extended pipe are amazingly heated with a burner. A special hydromaterial is applied to the heated place, which becomes elastic from the enormous temperature and melts little, which makes it possible for it to adhere amazingly to the seam. All this is again treated with a burner, allowed to cool and screwed. If a deeper penetration of the pile is required, then the same is done with the third part. At the end of the installation, a solution of cement-sand consistency is poured inside the pile, reinforcement is made, a cap of a suitable diameter is put on (all in accordance with the easy installation standards).
When building piles, it is very very important to take into account 5 main points:
- It is not likely to manually install a pile lasting 10 meters or more (only a mechanized method is used)
- The pile must enter strictly vertically according to the level
- Piles in an indispensable order must be of good quality, in this case we recommend the development of Aster®
- The level of welding properties should be at a very high level.
- Waterproofing is needed, due to the fact that it protects the seam from corrosion.
A very fundamental detail in the production of piles for building up is the installation of an amplifier on the key of the pile so that during installation its body does not break from high loads. To do this, a piece of rod is additionally welded near the hole for installing the drill.
If all the above points are observed, it is simply not more reliable to find a foundation. Wide blades located at a depth of, say, 20 meters give a uniform distribution of the load on the soil from the severity of the building. Nobody will pour a cement foundation to such a depth, and it will cost just an astronomical amount. The pile-screw foundation in these positions occupy a leading position. It is not so expensive in economic terms, it is not so long to wait (only 1-2 days) and reliable in difficult soil conditions (high groundwater level, elevation change, peat).
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