Basic swear words. Where did the mat come from and what does a strong word mean

Swearing accompanies Russia from the moment of its inception. The authorities, social formations, culture and the Russian language itself are changing, but the obscenity remains unchanged.

Native speech

For almost the entire 20th century, the version dominated that the words that we call obscene came into the Russian language from the Mongol-Tatars. However, this is misleading. Swearing is already found in Novgorod birch bark letters dating back to the 11th century: that is, long before the birth of Genghis Khan.

Revolt against matriarchy

The concept of "mate" is rather late. In Russia, from time immemorial, it was called "obscene barking." It must be said that initially the obscene language included exclusively the use of the word "mother" in a vulgar, sexual context. The words denoting the reproductive organs, which we today refer to the mat, did not refer to the “bark of the mother”.

There are dozens of versions of the checkmate function. Some scholars suggest that swearing appeared at the turn of the transition of society from matriarchy to patriarchy and initially meant the imperious assertion of a man who, having passed the rite of copulation with the “mother” of the clan, publicly announced this to his fellow tribesmen.

dog tongue

Truth, previous version does not explain the use of the word "bark" in any way. On this account, there is another hypothesis, according to which "swearing" had a magical, protective function and was called "dog tongue". In the Slavic (and Indo-European as a whole) tradition, dogs were considered animals of the "afterlife" world and served the goddess of death, Morena. A dog that served an evil witch could turn into a person (even an acquaintance) and come with evil thoughts (inflict evil eye, damage or even kill). So, having felt something was wrong, the potential victim of Morena, just had to utter a protective “mantra”, that is, send him to the “mother”. It was his time to expose the evil demon, the "son of Morena", after which he had to leave the man alone.

It is curious that even in the 20th century, the people still believed that “swearing” scares away devils and it makes sense to swear even “for the sake of prevention”, without seeing a direct threat.

calling for the good

As already mentioned, Old Russian words, denoting the reproductive organs, began to be attributed to "swearing" much later. In the pagan era, these lexemes were in common use and did not have a swearing connotation. Everything changed with the advent of Christianity in Russia and the beginning of the displacement of the old "nasty" cults. The words of sexual coloring were replaced with “Church Slavinisms: copulate, childbearing oud, penis, etc. In fact, there was a serious rational grain in this taboo. The fact is that the use of the former "terms" was ritualized and associated with pagan fertility cults, special conspiracies, calls for good. By the way, the very word “good” (in the old Slavic - “bolgo”) meant “a lot” and was used in the beginning precisely in an “agricultural” context.

It took the Church many centuries to reduce agrarian rituals to a minimum, but the “fertile” words remained in the form of “relics”: however, already in the status of curses.

Censorship of the Empress

There is another word that is unfairly referred to today as swearing. For the purposes of self-censorship, let's designate it as "the word with the letter" B ". This lexeme quietly existed in the elements of the Russian language (it can even be found in church texts and official state letters), meaning "fornication", "deceit", "delusion", "heresy", "mistake". The people often used this word to dissolute women. Perhaps, in the time of Anna Ioannovna, this word began to be used with greater frequency and, probably, in the latter context, because it was this empress who imposed a ban on it.

"Thieves" censorship

As you know, in a criminal, or "criminal" environment, swearing is strictly taboo. For a carelessly dropped obscene expression of a prisoner, a much more serious responsibility can await than an administrative fine for public obscene language in the wild. Why do the Urkagans dislike the Russian mate so much? First of all, that swearing can pose a threat to "don't care" or "thieves' music." The keepers of the thieves' traditions are well aware that if the mat displaces the slang, then they will lose their authority, their "uniqueness" and "exclusivity", and most importantly the power in prison, the elite of the criminal world - in other words, "chaos" will begin. It is curious that criminals (unlike statesmen) are well aware of what any language reform and borrowing of other people's words can lead to.

Let's see where this infectious thing came from. The mystical origins of such a phenomenon as a mat go back to the pagan past. To protect themselves from the attacks of the demonic world, people of the pre-Christian era contacted him.

Where did mats come from?

The spells that were addressed to pagan idols consisted of their names. And just at that time the cult of fertility was widespread. Thus, most of the mats are associated with the genitals of a man and a woman.

The Slavs were also familiar with obscene language. For example, the swear word of a girl of easy virtue "b ..." is found on Novgorod notes and birch bark letters of the 12th century. It just meant something completely different. The meaning of the word was the name of a demon with whom only sorcerers communicated. According to ancient beliefs, this demon punished sinners by sending them a disease, which is now called "womb rabies."

Another word, the verb "e ...", has Slavic origin, and translates as curse.

The remaining swear words are the names of pagan gods, or demonic names. When a person swears, he calls demons on himself, his family, his family.

Thus, checkmate is an appeal to demons, only it consists of spells and names of certain demons. This shows the history of the mat.

In other words, mat is the language of communication with demons.

The impact of the mat on human health

Just here are 6 facts about the influence of mats:

1. The influence of the mat on DNA

Human words can be represented as electromagnetic vibrations that directly affect the properties and structure of DNA molecules responsible for heredity. If a person uses swear words every day, a “negative program” begins to be produced in DNA molecules and they change significantly. Scientists say: "dirty" word causes a mutagenic effect similar to radiation exposure.

Swear words have a negative effect on the genetic code of the swearer, are written in it, become a curse for the person himself and his heirs.

2. Swear words travel along different nerve endings than regular words.

There is a medical observation that people suffering from paralysis, in the complete absence of speech, speak exclusively in obscenities. Although at the same time he is not able to say either “Yes” or “No”. At first glance, the phenomenon, although very strange, says a lot. Why does a completely paralyzed person express exclusively obscenities? Does it have a different nature than ordinary words?

3. The effect of the mat on the water. Scientific experiment.

Germ technology has long been used in biology and agriculture.

Water is processed by some influence, and grains of wheat are processed by this water.

Three types of words were used:

Prayer "Our Father"
Mat household, which is used to connect speech
The mat is aggressive, with a pronounced expression.

Through certain time the number of germinated grains and the length of the sprouts are checked.

On the second day

The control batch sprouted 93% of the grains
In a batch of grains treated with prayer - 96% of the grains. And the longest sprouts, up to 1 cm.
In a batch treated with household mat - 58% of grains
The expressive mat influenced so that only 49% of the grains grew. The length of the sprouts is not uniform and mold has appeared.

Scientists believe that the appearance of mold is the result of a strong negative impact mat on the water.

More time later.

Influence of household mat - only 40% of germinated grains remain
The influence of the expressive mat - only 15% of germinated grains remained.

Seedlings dipped in water treated with a mat show that this environment is not suitable for them.

Man is 80% water. Draw your own conclusion, my friends.

Here is a video of this experiment.

4. Swear words very often come out of people from whom demons are cast out.

This is recognized by all confessions: from Orthodox to Protestants.

For example, an Orthodox priest, Father Sergius, writes: “The so-called mat is the language of communication with demonic forces. It is no coincidence that this phenomenon is called infernal vocabulary. Infernal means hellish, from the underworld. It is very easy to make sure that mate is a demonic phenomenon. Go to a Russian Orthodox church during the reprimand. And take a close look at the person who is reprimanded by prayer. He will moan, scream, struggle, growl, and the like. And the worst thing is that they swear very strongly ...

Thanks to science, it has been proven that not only the morality of a person suffers because of the mat, but also his health!

Ivan Belyavsky is one of the first scientists who put forward this theory. He believes that every mat is an energy charge that negatively affects human health.

It has already been proven that the mat came from the sacred names of the gods. The word "mat" means "strength". A destructive force that affects the DNA of a person and destroys him from the inside, especially women and children.

5. Swear words have a detrimental effect on women.

Abuse of the mat is detrimental to the hormonal background of a woman. Her voice becomes low, testosterone is in excess, fertility decreases, the disease hirsutism appears ...

6. The influence of swear words on a person in countries where there is no abuse against the reproductive organs.

Another very interesting fact. In countries where there is no swearing indicating the reproductive organ, cerebral palsy and Down syndromes have not been found. But in the CIS countries, these diseases exist. Unfortunately…

How to get rid of the influence of the mat?

You were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord.

We have already proven the origin of swear words. Consider a scientific experiment. But the task of this series and the project "Word of Encouragement" is to encourage, to help overcome every vice that binds a person.

Here we will give a recipe for liberation from swear words, which is tested on personal experience. Just 5 easy steps.

Recognize

It is very important to recognize that swear words are a vice that has a destructive effect on a person. It is to recognize, not to resist.

repent

Warm repentance before God is very important.

He is the Lord, He knows everything. And He will help, but first, just repent that this dirty scolding came out of your mouth.

Accept yourself as a new creation

If you have prayed the prayer of repentance, then you have become a new creation, a child of Almighty God. And before that, every person is a sinner, a product of the devil.

Many in the world say "Why reject mats - it's normal!". It's okay if you're a sinful person. And if you repented before God, asked for forgiveness for your sins, you have already become a new creation.

And you need to take it

The Word of God says:

2 Corinthians 5:17 Therefore, whoever is in Christ is a new creation; the old has passed, now everything is new.

Start thinking well of yourself, thinking of yourself as a beloved child of God, as the one for whom the Lord gave His Son.

Trust God. You have become different inside.

Eph.5:8 You were once darkness, but now you are light in the Lord: walk as children of light,

Believe that words are capsules filled with power.

In fact, this entire series is about that. What we say is what we have.

But you, if you have already cursed, you need to accept it again. Your mats have produced one action in your life.

Now you need your words to bring good.

Col.4:6 Your word [let it be] always with grace

Eph 4:29 Let no rotten word come out of your mouth, but only good for edification in the faith, that it may bring grace to those who hear.

This means that every time you open your mouth, ask God for wisdom so that your words will bring grace and benefit to those who listen.

Consecrate your mouth, your tongue to God.

This is not just a decision: “since the New Year, I’m giving up swearing.”

It is a decision that your mouth belongs to the Lord, the Creator of heaven and earth. And you will only bless God and His creations with your lips.

Jas 3:9-10 With it we bless our God and Father, and with it we curse men, who are made in the likeness of God. From the same mouth comes a blessing and a curse: it must not, my brethren, be like this.

If you dedicate your mouth to God, it won't be easy. But even when you stumble, remember that the word of God says "it must not be." God does not give impossible tasks. If it's written in His Word, then it's real. And that means that it is possible to live in such a way as not to utter curses and swear words against loved ones.

Word of Encouragement

I would like to end in a very good place.

Remember that for every word you will give an account. And if you say a lot of good things in the lives of loved ones, bless your wife / husband, children, parents, employees - God will bring these words to judgment. And from these words you will be justified. So says the Word of God

Matthew 12:36-37 I tell you that for every idle word that people speak, they will answer in the day of judgment: 37 for by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned.

Everyone knows what a Russian mat is. Someone will be able to reproduce by heart the Cossack obscene bend, and someone will have to turn to the famous “Dictionary of Russian mat” by Alexei Plutser-Sarno to clarify the meaning. However, for many, the history of the emergence of the Russian mat remains a mystery behind seven seals. How swearing is connected with Indo-European mythology, who is meant by “mother” in the swear language and why only men used to communicate in it - in the T&P material.

"The mythological aspect of Russian expressive phraseology"

B.A. Uspensky

Works by B.A. Uspensky, which shed light on the origin of the Russian swear words, have become classic. Exploring this topic, Ouspensky mentions its extreme taboo, in connection with which in the literary tradition only “Church Slavonicisms of the type copulate, member, childbearing ud, aphedron, seat” can be considered permitted. Unlike many Western European languages, other “folk” obscene vocabulary in Russian is actually a taboo. That is why swear words were removed from Dahl's dictionary, the Russian edition of Fasmer's Etymological Dictionary, Afanasiev's fairy tales; even in the academic collections of Pushkin's works, obscene expressions in works of art and letters are replaced by dots; “Shadow of Barkov”, known for an abundance of swear words (for example: Already the night with the *** [lustful] moon / Stepping into the sky / Already *** [fallen woman] in a downy bed / Falling asleep with a monk) was not printed at all in many collections essays. Such a taboo of swearing, which affects even professional philologists, is connected, according to Uspensky, with the “chastity of censors or editors”, and Dostoevsky even speaks of the chastity of the entire Russian people, justifying the abundance of swear words in the Russian language by the fact that, in essence, they are not always mean something bad.

Images of peasants of the XII-XIV centuries: a peasant at work; resting peasant; games

Indeed, a mat can serve as a friendly greeting, and approval, and an expression of love. If it is so ambiguous, then the question arises: where did the checkmate come from, what are its historical roots? Ouspensky's theory suggests that the checkmate once had cult functions. To prove this, one can cite examples of obscene words and expressions from Russian pagan wedding or agricultural rites, in which mat could be associated with fertility cults. It is interesting that the Russian philologist Boris Bogaevsky compares the Russian obscenity with the Greek foul language of farmers. The Christian tradition forbids obscene swearing in rituals and everyday life, referring to the fact that it “shameful barking” defiles the soul, that the “hellenic ... word” [verbiage] is a demonic game. The prohibition of the Russian "shameful", that is, obscene vocabulary, was directly related to the struggle of Orthodoxy against the pagan cults in which it was used. The meaning of the prohibition becomes especially clear in view of the fact that swearing "in a number of cases turns out to be functionally equivalent to prayer." In pagan thinking, it was possible to find a treasure, get rid of an illness or intrigues of a brownie and a goblin with the help of a mat. Therefore, in the Slavic dual faith, one could often find two parallel options: either read a prayer before the attacking devil, or swear at him. Finding the roots of the Russian swear word in pagan ritual spells and curses, Uspensky connects the so-called main formula of the Russian swear word ("*** your mother") with the archaic cult of the earth.

One person is elected once a day in a swear way, -

Mother earth will shake

The Most Holy Theotokos will be removed from the throne

In connection with the dual-faith Slavic ideas about the "three mothers" - mother earth, the Mother of God and the native - a swear word aimed at insulting the mother of the addressee simultaneously conjures sacred mothers, defiling the maternal principle itself. In this one can find echoes of pagan metaphors about the pregnancy of the earth and copulation with it; at the same time, this can explain the belief that the earth opens up under a cursing swearing, or that swearing can disturb the ancestors (lying in the ground).

Having clarified the object of the swear formula, Uspensky proceeds to the subject: analyzing the forms of the expression "*** your mother", he comes to the conclusion that earlier the phrase was not impersonal. The defilement was made by the dog, as evidenced by the older and more complete references to the obscene formula: for example, "For the dog to take your mother." The dog has been the subject of action in this formula since at least the 15th century in many Slavic languages; thus, "dog barking", as the mat was called from ancient times, is associated with the mythology of the dog, "given by the dog." The impurity of a dog is an ancient category that preceded Slavic mythology, but also reflected in later Christian ideas (for example, in stories about pseudo-heads or the transfiguration of the cynocephalic Christopher). The dog was compared with a non-believer, since both have no soul, both behave inappropriately; it was for the same reason that confessors were not allowed to keep dogs. From an etymological point of view, the dog is also unclean - Uspensky connects the lexeme "pes" with other words of the Indo-European languages, including the Russian word "***" [female genital organ].

Thus, Ouspensky suggests that the images of the defiling dog and mother earth in the phrase "dog *** your mother" go back to the mythological marriage of the thunderer and mother earth. The sacred marriage, during which the earth is fertilized, is defiled in this formula by the travesty substitution of the thunderer for the dog, his mythological rival. Therefore, the obscene phrase becomes a blasphemous incantation that defiles the divine cosmogony. In a later folk tradition, this myth is reduced, and mother earth becomes the mother of the interlocutor, and the mythological dog becomes an ordinary dog, and then the phrase is completely depersonalized (the verb "***" [to engage in sexual relations] can correspond to any person in the singular) .

At a deep (original) level, the obscene expression is apparently correlated with the myth of the sacred marriage of heaven and earth - marriage, the result of which is the fertilization of the earth. At this level, the god of heaven, or the thunderer, should be understood as the subject of action in obscene terms, and mother earth as the object. This explains the connection of swearing with the idea of fertilization, which is manifested in particular in ritual wedding and agrarian foul language.

"About swearing, emotions and facts"

A.A. Belyakov

A.A. Belyakov, referring to the legends of Russian folklore, traces the origin of the mat to the myth of the "Slavic Oedipus": once a man killed his father and defiled his mother. Then he gave the "obscene formula" to his descendants - in order to use it to bring on the opponents the curses of their ancestors or to call on their ancestors for help. Belyakov agrees that the deeper roots of this legend are in early pagan cults associated with the veneration of "the mother of the damp earth and the idea of her fertilization."

"Non-normative anecdote as a modeling system"

I.G. Yakovenko

I.G. Yakovenko, in his article on swearing, notes that traditional culture, patriarchal in its structure, tends to profane the role of a woman. It is this motive that we see in obscene formulas - almost always they are associated with rude images of violence against a woman. Yakovenko contrasts the “sign of the highest danger” (“...” [female genital organ], the feminine) with the male phallus, the “protector sign”, citing many swear words as an example. As it turns out, there are far fewer female obscene formulas than male ones; moreover, the female paradigm is tinged with something miserable, false, related to misfortune, theft, lies (“…” [end], “…” [steal], “…” [liar]), while the male the checkmate paradigm refers to taboo or danger. The harmful nature of a woman, perceived through a female symbol, the vagina, is emphasized in numerous proverbs and sayings, fairy tales and legends: we can recall those cited by V.Ya. Propp the idea of a "toothy vulva" with which the male hero had to fight.

Russian mat - a form of existence of pagan consciousness in a monotheistic culture

In the future, the tradition of speaking in the mother tongue from pagan cults passed into Russian buffoonery, with which the state actively fought since the 17th century. From the almost disappeared buffoons, however, the tradition passed into lubok, tavern songs, parsley theater, to fair barkers and so on. The taboo vocabulary of the patriarchal and pagan period of Russian culture continued to live in somewhat different forms.

"Russian mat as a male obscene code: the problem of origin and status evolution"

V.Yu. Mikhailin

In the work of V.Yu. Mikhailin, the tradition of erecting the genesis of the Russian mat to fertility cults is disputed; despite the fact that Mikhailin largely agrees with Uspensky, he offers a significant refinement of his theory and considers the history of swearing from pagan cults to modern hazing. The connection between Toporov-Ivanov's theory of the "basic myth" and the mythological opponent of the Thunderer, the dog, does not suit him: "I will allow myself one single question. For what reason is the eternal enemy of the Thunderer, whose traditional iconography presupposes, first of all, not dog, but snake incarnations, it is in this context that it takes the form of a dog, and takes it invariably and formulaically?

The fertile land, according to the author, could not be associated with the masculine principle in the archaic: it is a purely female territory. On the contrary, a purely masculine territory was considered to be that related to hunting and war, a marginal space in which a good husband and family man is ready to shed blood and rob, and a decent young man who does not dare to look at a neighbor's girl rapes the enemy's daughters.

Mikhailin suggests that in such territories mating was once associated with the magical practices of male military alliances, identifying themselves with "dogs". That is why swearing was also called “dog barking”: symbolically, warriors were the embodiment of wolves or dogs. This can also explain the fact that until recently, mate was predominantly a male language code.

In Indo-European culture, every man went through an initiation, one way or another accompanied by a period that can be described as the "dog" stage. A dog warrior living outside the home zone, on a marginal territory, exists outside the culture of the hearth and Agriculture. He is not full-fledged, not mature, he has a “fighting frenzy”, part of which can be called the use of unacceptable obscenities at home. "Wolves" and "dogs" have no place on human territory, for which their mere presence can be fraught with defilement: the relevant norms and forms of behavior are strictly taboo, and their carriers, without undergoing purification rites and thereby turning from "wolves" back into people do not have the most elementary civil rights. By definition, they are carriers of the chthonic principle, they are magically dead and as such simply "do not exist."

Thus, the formula "*** your mother" in male "dog" unions was a spell that magically destroys an opponent. Such a spell symbolically compared the opponent to the son of a chthonic being, identified his mother with a bitch, and led him into an exceptionally marginal, non-human territory where such intercourse could take place. Consequently, all swear words imply dog's genitals and animal intercourse, which has nothing to do with human, taking place in the home space and framed by ritual tradition and other signs of culture.

In the future, the purely masculine nature of the swear language in Russia is transferred to a more general context. Since the revolutionary events of 1917, the language paradigm has undergone great changes. Cursing, along with newspeak, is becoming one of the means of communication for the patriarchal (albeit superficially anti-sexist) elite. The Soviet camps also played a role, as did an increased interest in the exploitation of women's labor, including in army structures, where mating directly inherited the communication function of archaic men's unions. Therefore, already soon the taboo of a mat in a female or mixed environment ceased to be strong, and then completely became a thing of the past. The male obscene code has become universal.

There are a lot of myths around Russian mats that do not correspond to reality. For example, Russian linguists and historians spread two myths about swearing: that Russians began to swear in response to the "Tatar-Mongol yoke" and that swearing is supposedly "a product of Slavic paganism."

Our ancestors divided some words into:
1. Swear words are words from the mother, i.e. her blessing!
2. Swear words are words used on the battlefield to intimidate the enemy!
3. Foul language - this is the very bad thing that you should not say!
All these points were reduced by the enemies of our Race to one and now mean the same thing, that is, bad words!

A lot has been written about the dangers of the mat. A long time ago I read an article by one writer, I don’t remember his last name. He fell on the mat with noble anger. For a long time and convincingly, he argued how disgusting and vile it is. In conclusion, he gave the only known case of the usefulness of checkmate.

I will retell this case. rides freight train, but people are being transported in it. I don’t remember why, but there was a man on the other side of the car. He holds on to the last of his strength. This is where it breaks down and dies. The men in the car are trying to open the door and drag him in. But the door is jammed and won't budge. The men are already exhausted and mentally resigned to the loss, but they continue to mess around. And then the unexpected happened.

A modest, quiet little girl screams: “Oh, you guys, fuck you! Anu got it!”. And a miracle happened. A wild power opened up in men. Muscles tensed in unison, the door flew off, and the man was saved. Then they asked the girl, well, how did she dare to say such a thing. But she blushed, looked down, and from shame could not utter a word.

Here the author hit the mark, without suspecting it. The bottom line is that the checkmate is designed for exceptional cases. In Russia, swear words are also called swear words. Here you stand on the battlefield, wounded, exhausted, and staggering, leaning on your sword. And enemies are on you. For them, and even for you, the outcome of the meeting is obvious. But you raise your head, look at them for a long time and say: “Come on, b-di, so you are re-done!!”. And a miracle happens. You have a wild power. And your sword whistled like helicopter blades, and the heads of your enemies rolled with astonished expressions on their faces. You then surprise yourself. That's what a mat is, that's why it's needed.

Our ancestors knew and understood the power of the mat very well. They carried it for centuries, and maybe millennia, but they were not fools. The mat is just what is needed in emergency, critical situations. The prohibition creates a reserve of energy, like a battery, more precisely like a capacitor. Because the battery gives off energy slowly, and the capacitor is discharged instantly. This surge of energy and works wonders. Any nation, folk and even tribe have forbidden words, words on which are taboo. This is common property people, more precisely, the property of a community of people. Fighting this property is as stupid as creating a new person. Why is Russian mate so developed? Yes, because our history is difficult. Who knows, maybe thanks to the mat they survived and survived as a people.

Here they propose, in order to combat obscenity, to introduce swear words into ordinary use, to stop considering them swear words. And that will be? And here's what. You stand on the battlefield, wounded, exhausted, and leaning staggeringly on your sword. And enemies are on you. For them, and even for you, the outcome of the meeting is obvious. But you raise your head, look at them for a long time and say: “Come on, b-di, so you will be reshuffled. And then another peretak.” And the miracle doesn't happen. There is no energy in these words. These words sound like: something the weather has deteriorated. You don't have a hidden reserve. And they take you warm and rape your wife in front of you, and take your children into slavery. The reduction of swear words to ordinary ones discharges the people, makes them lethargic and flabby.

MYTHS AND TRUTH ABOUT RUSSIAN MATE

In fact, the Slavs never swear. Including among Belarusians and Ukrainians, as well as among the Poles, before the Russian occupation of 1795, only “whore” (corrupt girl) and “cholera” (disease) were the worst curses. Neither Kievan Rus, nor the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, nor the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth have preserved a single document with obscenities and not a single order of the authorities on the fight against swearing, although in Muscovy there is a huge abundance of such documents.

If not for the Russian occupation, then the Belarusians (Litvins), Ukrainians and Poles would not swear even today. Today, however, the Poles still almost do not swear, and the Slovaks and Czechs do not swear at all.

And this is quite normal, because most of the peoples of the world do not know mats - just as the Slavs, Balts, Romans, Germans did not know them. Their sexual vocabulary is extremely scarce (compared to Russian), and many languages generally do not use sexual themes when using foul language. For example, the French “con” conveys the name of both the male and female genital organs with different articles, and the limit of French profanity is simply to call the opponent with this word. And only in English and only at the beginning of the 20th century, and only in the USA - did the curse “mother fucker” appear, which has no analogue in Europe, and which was a tracing paper of Russian obscenities - it was introduced into the US language by emigrants from Russia (see. V. Butler "Jargon origin in the USA", 1981, New York).

Thus, swearing is not at all a “product of Slavic paganism”, because the pagan Slavs did not swear.

A myth is also the judgment that "in ancient Russia cursed." In Kievan Rus, no one swearing - swearing only in Muscovy, but she was just Rus and was not.

Historians find the first mention of the strange habit of Muscovites to speak obscenities in 1480, when Prince Vasily III, along with dry law, demanded that Muscovites stop swearing. Then Ivan the Terrible ordered to "click on the auction" so that the Muscovites "would not scold and reproach each other with all sorts of indecent speeches."

Then the German traveler Olearius, who arrived in Muscovy, noted with regret the widest prevalence of swearing: “Small children who still do not know how to name either God, or mother, or father, already have obscene words on their lips.”
In 1648, Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich conceived “to exterminate the infection” and gave a royal decree that “they shouldn’t sing demonic songs, swear words and all obscene barking ... Christian law for the fury of being from Us in great disgrace and in cruel punishment.

Moscow priest Yakov Krotov notes:

“Throughout both the 17th and most of the 18th centuries, in Muscovy, swearing was calm. A simple example: near the Savinno-Storozhevsky Zvenigorod Monastery, located three kilometers from Zvenigorod, a stream flows, and in all scribe books, starting from the end of the 16th century, when the first one was compiled, the scribes recorded the name of this stream flowing through the land, which was completely normal. belonged to the monastery. The first letter was "p", the second half ended in "ohy". Who went here to bathe from Zvenigorod, a few kilometers away? Not quite clear. But, one way or another, at the end of the 18th century, when a general survey of Russia was carried out, the compilation of a complete map Russian Empire, by decree of Catherine the Great, all names that contain obscene vocabulary, obscene roots, are replaced with more harmonious ones. Since then, this Zvenigorod stream has also been renamed.

Until now, on the maps of Muscovy-Russia, there were thousands of toponyms and hydronyms created on the basis of swear words.

There was nothing like that at that time either in Belarus-Lithuania or in Russia-Ukraine then - there the people did not know mats.

This circumstance could be explained by the fact that the Belarusians and Ukrainians were never under the Horde, and the Muscovites lived in the Horde for three hundred years, and then seized power in it, joining the Horde to Muscovy. After all, earlier Soviet historians thought so: that the obscenities of the Muscovites were supposedly their response to the "Tatar-Mongol yoke."

For example, Vladimir Kantor, a novelist and member of the editorial board of the Russian journal Questions of Philosophy, recently wrote:

“But in Russia, during the time of the Tatars, the word “eble” appears, which is a derivative for us, Russian people, of course, is associated with reproach to the mother and so on, in Turkic it simply meant to marry. The Tatar, capturing the girl, said that he "eble" her, that is, he takes her. But for any Russian commoner who had his daughter, wife, sister taken away, he committed violence against a woman, and as a result, this word acquired the absolute character of rape. What are swear words? This is the language of the raped, that is, of that lower stratum that feels all the time out of range high culture and civilization, humiliated, insulted, raped. And like any raped slave, he is ready to use this violence in relation to his comrade, and if possible, of course, to a noble one.

At first glance, the version appears to be collapsible. However, she is wrong.

Firstly, the current Tatars of Kazan (then the Bulgars) just like that “were languishing from Tatar yoke”(for Kazan was equally a vassal of the Tatars, like Moscow), but for some reason no mats were born to the world.

Secondly, the Tatars of the Horde were not Turks, but were a mixture of Turkic and Finno-Ugric tribes. For this reason, they attached the Finns of Suzdal-Muscovy (Mordva, Moksha, Erzya, Murom, Merya, Chud, Meshchera, Perm) to the Horde and sought to unite all the Finno-Ugric peoples leaving the Volga for Europe, including those who reached Hungary, the people who were considered "theirs by right".

Thirdly, there was no "Tatar yoke". Moscow paid the Tatars only a tax (half of which she left herself for the work of collecting it - on which she rose) and put up her Moscow army for service in the army of the Horde. It has never happened that the Tatars captured the girls of Muscovy as wives - these are modern inventions. As slaves - they were captured during wars, but just like hundreds of thousands of Slavs were captured by Muscovites themselves (for example, 300 thousand Belarusians were captured by Muscovites as slaves in the war of 1654-1657). But a slave is not a wife.

Generally speaking, this whole version of Vladimir Kantor is “sucked” out of thin air only on two dubious grounds: on the presence of the word “eble” (to marry) in the Turkic language and on the myth about the notorious “Tatar yoke”. This is very little, especially since other main obscene words of the Russian language remain without explanation. And how were they formed?

Although I must note that this hypothesis of Kantor is already a kind of breakthrough in the topic, because earlier Soviet historians generally wrote that the Muscovites simply adopted the obscenities from the Tatar-Mongols, they say - they taught the Muscovites to swear. However, neither in the language of the Turks, nor in the language of the Mongols, there are any obscenities.

So there are two serious circumstances that completely refute Kantor's hypothesis about the origin of one of the Russian mats from the Turkic word "eble" (to marry).

1. Excavations by Academician Valentin Yanin in Novgorod led in 2006 to the discovery of birch bark letters with mats. They are much older than the arrival of the Tatars in the Suzdal principality. What puts the BOLD CROSS on the general attempt of historians to link the obscenities of the Muscovites with the language of the Tatars (Turkic).

Moreover, these mats on the birch bark letters of Novgorod coexist with elements of the Finnish vocabulary - that is, the people who wrote them were not Slavs (colonists encouraged Rurik, who sailed from Polabye and built Novgorod here), but local semi-Slavic colonists of Rurik, Finns (or Sami, or a miracle, all, Muroma).

2. There is one more people in Europe, besides the Muscovites, who have been swearing for a thousand years - and THE SAME RUSSIAN MATTERS.

These are Hungarians.

THE TRUTH ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF RUSSIAN MATES

For the first time, Russian historians learned about the Hungarian mats quite recently - and were extremely surprised: after all, the Hungarians are not Slavs, but Finno-Ugric peoples. And they were not under any “Tatar-Mongol yoke”, because they left the Volga for Central Europe centuries before the birth of Genghis Khan and Batu. For example, the Moscow researcher of the topic Evgeny Petrenko is extremely discouraged by this fact and admits in one of the publications that "this completely confuses the issue of the origin of Russian obscenities."

In fact, this does not confuse the question, but just gives a complete answer.

The Hungarians have been using mats, absolutely similar to those of Muscovy, since the very time they came to Europe from the Volga.

It is clear that Kantor's hypothesis about the origin of one of the Russian mats from the Turkic word "eble" (to marry) is in no way applicable to the Hungarians, because the Turks did not force their girls to marry. And there are no Turks around the Hungarians in Central Europe.

Yevgeny Petrenko notes that the Serbian swear expression "fucking slut in a pichka" appeared historically recently - only 250 years ago, and was adopted by the Serbs from the Hungarians during the period when Serbia fell from the Turkish yoke under the rule of Austria-Hungary under Empress Maria Theresa. The Hungarian annals of the Middle Ages are full of such obscenities that did not exist anywhere else and no one around (Slavs, Austrians, Germans, Italians, etc., including the Turks). Their Serbs were then carried by the Hungarian colonial administration, the Hungarian army and the Hungarian aristocracy.

Why are the mats of the Hungarians absolutely identical to the mats of the Muscovites?

There can be only one answer: THESE ARE FINNO-UGRIAN MATS.

Let me remind you that Hungarians, Estonians, Finns and Russians are one and the same Finnish ethnic group. The Russians, however, were partly Slavicized by the Kievan priests, who planted Orthodoxy among them. But studies of the gene pool of the Russian nation, conducted in 2000-2006 by the Russian Academy of Sciences (which we previously talked about in detail), showed that Russians are absolutely identical in genes to the Finnish ethnic group: Mordovians, Komi, Estonians, Finns and Hungarians.

Which should not be surprising, because all of Central Russia (historical Muscovy) is the land of the Finnish peoples, and all its toponyms are Finnish: Moscow (Moksha people), Ryazan (Erzya people), Murom (Murom people), Perm (Perm people) etc.

The only "blank spot" is the question of the ancient presence of mats in Estonia and Finland. Judging by the fact that the birch bark letters of Novgorod with mats could most likely be written by the Saami (and not the Chud or the Murom), who also inhabited Estonia and Finland, Estonians and Finns must have had mats from ancient times as well. This nuance needs clarification.

On the other hand, in the Finno-Ugric ethnic groups, mats could give birth precisely to the Ugrians. That is, the Hungarians and those who remained to live in the lands of the future Muscovy are related to them. The Ugric group of languages today includes only the Hungarian language and the Ob-Ugric Khanty and Mansi. In the past, this group was much more powerful, including, presumably, the people of the Pechenegs, who went with the Hungarians to Central Europe and along the way settled widely over the Crimea and in the steppes of the Don (they were allegedly exterminated by the Tatars). In Muscovy itself, the main ethnos was the Mordovian ethnos Moksha (Moksel in its language), which gave the name to the Moksva River (Moks moksha + Va water), changed in the Kiev language to the more harmonious Slavs "Moscow". And the Erzya ethnic group (with the capital Erzya and the state of Great Erzya, later changed to Ryazan). In the Permian group of Komi and Udmurts, the state of Great Permia stood out. All this - historical territory the original distribution of mats.

Thus, the very term "Russian obscenities" is absurd. For they are not Russian at all (in the understanding of Russia as the Kievan State), but Finnish. Remaining in the language of the native Finnish population of Muscovy as subjects of their pre-Slavic language.

ESSENCE OF MATES

What is the essence of Russian mats?

It is clear that Russian researchers of the issue have always been embarrassed by the fact that the Russians have obscenities, while the Slavs and other Indo-Europeans do not have them at all. Therefore, in this matter, the Russians always, under the bushel of a certain “inferiority complex”, instead of scientific consideration, tried to justify themselves or “make amends”. They tried to drag the Slavs to swearing - they say, this is Slavic paganism. But it did not work out - because the Slavs never swore, and the Russians are not Slavs. They tried to show that Russian mats were invented not just like that, but in response to the yoke of the Tatars. And it did not work out: the Hungarians had exactly the same obscenities, but they did not have any “Tatar yoke”.

In fairness, it should be said that the Russians are really the unfortunate people of the former Finnish ethnic groups, whose fate over the past thousand years is simply terrible.

At first, he was conquered as their slaves by the younger princes of Kyiv, who simply did not get their own principalities in Kievan Rus. Since there were no Slavs here in the future Muscovy, the princes and their squads treated the local Finnish population as slaves. Exactly Kiev princes introduced serfdom in Muscovy (that is, slavery), which was wild in Kyiv in relation to the peasants of their ethnic group. Let me remind you that neither in Ukraine, nor in Belarus-Lithuania, there was never serfdom before the Russian occupation of 1795, and besides Muscovy, serfdom existed in Europe in only one place - in Prussia, where the Germans made slaves of local Prussians-foreigners in exactly the same way and local Slavs.

Then these Finnish lands enslaved by Kievan Rus fell under the rule of the Horde of the Trans-Volga Tatars, whose capital was located near the present Volgograd. They created the Empire of the Turks and Finno-Ugric peoples, so mentally the Suzdal lands were drawn to the Horde, and not to the Indo-European Rus of Kyiv and Lithuania-Belarus ON (the country of the Western Balts). Moreover, the princely elite of the lands of the future Muscovy found in the Horde a very successful justification for their slave-owning power over the local Finnish population: Eastern traditions elevated rulers to the rank of God, which Europeans never had, including Byzantium and the Russian Orthodox Church of Kyiv, which baptized Russia.

These two main arguments forever turned Muscovy away from Russia and Kyiv, created a new oriental type states - a complete satrapy.

Therefore, the Finno-Russians (Muscovites) had every reason to swear at everyone: they lived freely only in their national Finnish states (from which only Finnish toponyms remained) before the arrival of the Kiev enslavers. And then came a thousand years of complete slavery: first slavery as part of Kievan Rus, then the same slavery, but already when the Tatar enslavers sat on top of the Kiev enslavers, and then the enslavers began to be called "Moscow Sovereigns." Until 1864 (the abolition of serfdom), the people remained in the state of enslaved natives, that is, slaves, and the aristocracy despised them equally with the same degree of contempt, as the British and French despised the Negroes of Africa conquered by them in the 19th century.

Yes, from such a millennial oppression of Kievan Rus, the Horde and then Muscovy-Russia, there is enough hatred in the Finnish people to give birth to obscenities - like native slang for swearing against the oppressors.

But ... We see that these mats existed among the Finno-Ugric peoples even before they were enslaved by their neighbors from the West and from the East. And they exist among the Hungarians, who very successfully fled from the Volga to Europe, avoiding the fate of their fellow tribesmen.

This means that the mats of the Finno-Ugric peoples did not originate at all as a response to the enslavers, but as something of their own, purely primordial and without any external influence. For the Finno-Ugric people ALWAYS swore.

Some researchers express the following point of view: mats are part of a certain mystical culture, in a series of conspiracies or curses. Including some (A. Filippov, S.S. Drozd) find that a number of obscene curses in essence mean not something offensive, but a wish for death. For example, going to "n ...", as they write, means a desire to go where you were born, that is, to leave life again into oblivion.

Is it so? I doubt.

Did the Finno-Ugric peoples in the past, in the era of the birth of mats, have such a mystical culture in which the sexual themes of swearing would be used? Personally, it's hard for me to imagine. Yes, sexual themes are present in all ancient peoples - but as symbols of fertility. But in our case, we are talking about something completely different. And there is simply no "mystical culture" or "pagan cults" here.

It seems to me that the Moscow priest Yakov Krotov finds the essence of mats most correctly:

“One of the modern Orthodox publicists, hegumen Veniamin Novik, published several articles against foul language, against obscene abuse. In these articles, he emphasizes that swearing is associated with materialism. There is a kind of play on words, with diamat. “Why is detente, and swearing, swearing, this is often justified as an emotional discharge, should occur,” Abbot Veniamin writes, “at the expense of other people? The swearer certainly needs someone to hear him. Swearing is, first of all, a symptom evolutionary underdevelopment. Biologists know that in the animal kingdom there is a pronounced relationship between aggressiveness and sexuality, and some "especially gifted" (Hegumen Veniamin writes sarcastically) individuals use their genitals to intimidate the enemy. same verbally. Exhibitionists are just more consistent." This is a refutation of foul language and a rebuff to it from the standpoint of a modern, well-educated person.

Exactly.

The Indo-Europeans did not swear, because their proto-ethnos was formed as more progressive and excluding monkey habits in communication "to use their genitals to intimidate the enemy." But the pro-ethnos of the Finno-Ugric peoples, who are not Indo-Europeans, was formed in a different way - and used monkey habits.

That's the whole difference: Russians and Hungarians swear because they are not Indo-Europeans. And because their ancestors developed differently than the Indo-Europeans - in a completely different cultural environment.

Moreover, the use of obscenities in communication necessarily retrospectively means that in the distant past, the ancestors of Russians and Hungarians used these obscenities as an illustration of ACTIONS - that is, the Finno-Ugric people used to show genitals to an opponent as a SIGN OF INSULT. And various other obscene ACTIONS.

Seems wild? But this is no more savagery than the very fact of the almost COMPLETE approval of mats in Russia - primarily by cultural figures. How, for example, to relate to such statements: GALINA ZHEVNOVA, Chief Editor The joint editorial office of Gubernskiye Izvestia shares with readers: “I have a positive attitude towards obscenity. The Russian person has two ways of letting off steam. The first is vodka, the second is mat. Let it be better mat.

Why don’t other peoples have “ways to release steam” only in the form of vodka and mat? And why is mat “better” than vodka?

WHY IS MAT BETTER THAN VODKA?

In Russia, they do not understand that swearing destroys the foundations of the Society. Checkmate, being the animal behavior of "use one's genitals to intimidate one's opponent", is already antisocial. But after all, swearing has evolved compared to animals: the very name “mate” means an insult to the opponent’s mother in sexual violence by the speaker. What animals don't have.

For the Finno-Ugric peoples (Russians and Hungarians), this may be their own normal local traditional form of communication. But for the Indo-Europeans, this is unacceptable.

Each of us was a child and knows that any muck easily penetrates into children's brains. So the mats of the Hungarians and Russians were introduced in Europe not through our adult Europeans, but through children who had contact with the children of these peoples speaking obscenely. This fact alone shows that swearing enters the minds of people through the corruption of our children and, in fact, differs little from child pornography or the seduction of minors.

Let there in Russia always communicated with obscenities. But why should we imitate them? Our ancestors did not know these alien mats.

It is very bad when the sexual education of children begins with the knowledge of obscenities and their meaning. It was exactly the same with me: teenagers taught me mats and explained their meaning - they were the pioneers for me of the mysteries of the relationship between a man and a woman - through mats.

This is fine? This is absolutely not normal.

Therefore, the editor's opinion seems completely erroneous. Russian newspaper that mats are better than vodka. Our children do not drink vodka at the age of 10, but they learn to use obscenities. What for?

Russian publicists say with pride and joy that Russian obscenities completely replace any transmission of thought and concepts in general. Olga Kvirkvelia, head of the Russian educational Christian center Faith and Thought, a Catholic, in a Radio Liberty program in February 2002 said about swearing: “In principle, swearing is like a good swearing, real, not the street that we hear today, it’s just a sacred language that can be spoken really absolutely everything. I became interested in obscenities when I accidentally heard in the Novgorod region, in a village, how my grandmother explained to my grandfather how to plant cucumbers. Not obscene were only pretexts, it is clear perfectly. She did not swear, she very affectionately, very friendly explained how to plant cucumbers correctly. This is a language that, unfortunately, we have practically lost and turned into something vulgar, vile, vile and bad. Actually it is not. And it reflects very deep layers of consciousness.”

I'm shocked. Why can't a grandmother talk normally about planting cucumbers in normal human terms, but replace them all with sexual terms? Olga Kvirkvelia sees this in "sacred language". What is "sacred" in it, except for the animal display of its genitals?

She also says that "This is a language that, unfortunately, we have practically lost." It turns out that the Finno-Ugric language of Russians and Hungarians is the language of complete obscenities, where all concepts are replaced by them?

Unfortunately, everything bad and nasty tends to spread around like a disease. So Russia brought its obscenities to the neighboring conquered peoples of Belarusians, Ukrainians, Balts, Caucasians, peoples Central Asia who speak their own language, but insert Finnish mats through the word. So the Finnish "sacred words" became the everyday vocabulary of distant Uzbeks. Moreover, they began to swear in the United States - already in English, and it is quite normal to see a plot in the movie "Police Academy", the action of which takes a long time to unfold against the backdrop of an inscription in Russian written on a telephone booth of the familiar three letters "x ..". Who wrote it there? Yankees?

But there is no such thing anywhere else in the world: to write obscenities on the walls. And even Vysotsky noticed: in public French toilets there are inscriptions in Russian. Writing swear words on a wall is tantamount to the animal behavior of displaying genitals. Than "sacred" eastern neighbors and work like monkeys. This is the exhibitionism of the eastern neighbor.

Is this behavior normal for us Europeans, including Belarusians and Ukrainians? Of course not, because we cannot express anything sacred, that is, sacred, simply because our ancestors did not know mats. These mats are alien and alien to us.

In our European languages, there are enough means to express any concept without obscenities, just as there are no obscenities in the works of Lev Tolstov. He did not use the "sacred language", but created literary masterpieces of world culture and the Russian language. Which already means that the Russian language will not lose anything without these mats. And only get rich

rather than from social status and age.

The widespread belief that teenagers swear many times more than mature people fails at Russian roads, in car repair shops and undistinguished drinking establishments. Here people do not hold back the impulses that come from the heart, splashing out a wave of their negativity on the interlocutor and those around them. In most cases, the use of a mat is associated with a disadvantage vocabulary or with the fact that a person is not able to express his words and thoughts in a more cultural form.

From the point of view of esotericism and religion, a scolding person from the inside decomposes himself and has a bad effect on the surrounding space, releasing negative energy. It is believed that these people get sick more often than those who keep their tongue clean.

Obscene language can be heard in completely different layers. Often in the media you can find reports of another scandal with famous politicians or movie and show business stars who publicly used profanity. The paradox is that even someone who uses profanity to connect words in a sentence denounces such celebrity behavior and considers it unacceptable.

Relation of the law to the use of profanity

The Code of Administrative Offenses clearly regulates the use of swear words and expressions in a public place. Violator of peace and order to pay a fine, and in some cases, foul language may be subject to administrative arrest. However, in Russia and most of the CIS countries, this law is observed only when swear words were used by a law enforcement officer.

Cursing is swearing regardless of profession, wealth and level of education. However, for many, the presence of older people, young children and work that involves polite interaction with people is a deterrent.

Resourceful people a couple of decades ago found a way out of the situation: along with obscenities, a surrogate appeared in oral speech. The words “damn”, “star”, “fuck off” seem to be not a foul language in the literal sense of the word and cannot fall under the corresponding article by definition, but they carry the same meaning and the same negative as their predecessors, and such words are constantly being added.

On forums and in the discussion of news, as a rule, the use of strong words is prohibited, but surrogates have successfully bypassed this barrier as well. Thanks to the appearance of an obscene surrogate, parents no longer hesitate to use it in the presence, harming the cultural development of their child, introducing the immature to the use of swear words.

Taboo vocabulary includes those or other layers of vocabulary that are banned due to religious, mystical, political, moral and other reasons. What are the prerequisites for its occurrence?

Varieties of taboo vocabulary

Among the subspecies of taboo vocabulary, one can consider sacred taboos (on pronouncing the name of the creator in Judaism). The anathema to pronouncing the name of the alleged game during the hunt refers to a mystical taboo layer. It is for this reason that the bear is called the “owner” in bullying, and the word “bear” itself is a derivative of the phrase “in charge of honey”.

Obscene language

One of the most significant types of taboo vocabulary is obscene or vocabulary, in the common people - mat. Three main versions can be distinguished from the history of the origin of Russian obscene vocabulary. Adherents of the first hypothesis argue that the Russian mate arose as a legacy of the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Which in itself is debatable, given that most of the obscene roots go back to the Proto-Slavic origins. According to the second version, swear words once had several lexical meanings, one of which over time supplanted all the others and was assigned to the word. The third theory says that swear words were once a significant component of the occult rituals of the pre-Christian period.

Let's consider lexical metamorphoses on the example of the most cult formulations. It is known that in ancient times to “fuck” meant “to cross out a cross on a cross”. Accordingly, "dick" was called the cross. Turnover "fuck everyone" was introduced into use by ardent supporters of paganism. Thus, they wished Christians to die on the cross, by analogy with their own god. Needless to say, current users of the language use this word in a completely different context.

Swearing also played an important role in the rites and rituals of pagan origin, usually associated with fertility. In addition, it should be noted that most conspiracies for death, illness, love spells, etc. abound with obscene lexemes.

It is known that many lexical units that are now considered obscene were not such until the 18th century. These were completely ordinary words denoting parts (or features of the physiological structure) of the human body and not only. So, the Proto-Slavic "jebti" originally meant "beat, strike", "huj" - "a needle of a coniferous tree, something sharp and sharp." The word "pisda" was used in the meaning of "urinary organ". Recall that the verb "whore" once meant "to idle talk, to lie." "Fornication" - "evasion from the established path", as well as "illegal cohabitation". Later both verbs merged together.

It is believed that before the invasion of Napoleonic troops in 1812, swear words were not particularly in demand in society. However, as it turned out in the process, hazing was much more effective in the trenches. Since then, swearing has become firmly rooted as the main form of communication in the troops. Over time, the officer stratum of society popularized obscene vocabulary to such an extent that it turned into urban slang.

Weed words - an indicator of general and speech culture

Among the verbal rubbish there is something that is considered indecent in any cultural society. It's about about profanity. Elements foul language, no doubt, speak of an extremely low level of general culture. Swearing carries a very strong expressive charge. In some cases, socially acceptable substitutes are used obscene words, for example "fir-trees-sticks". It is better to refrain from even such seemingly harmless expressions, even if the situation is conducive to an emotional response.

If you notice signs of weedy words in your speech, try to get them under control. Awareness of speech deficiency is the first step to its elimination. Constant control over the quality of your speech will help you express your thoughts more accurately and become a pleasant conversationalist.

home > mechanical engineering