The person and case of the pronoun he. Morphological categories of pronouns

Pronouns of the 2nd and 1st person (singular or plural) can indicate certain persons, a person walking past, an interlocutor (I, you, you, we).

3rd person pronouns (singular or plural) indicate those or someone who not participates in a dialogue, or on an object (he, she, it, they). Personal pronouns can be used with prepositions: at him, to him, behind him, with them, with him, thanks to him, her, them.

Forms of personal pronouns in Russian

3rd person pronouns have different forms in the presence and absence of a preposition: her - with her, by them - with them (after the preposition "n-" is added).

Some pronouns in instrumental have additional "elongated" forms: by me - by me, by you - by you, by her - by her, by her - by her.

All personal pronouns have the same genitive and accusative forms.

Definitions and applications relating to personal pronouns are always separated by commas.

case	units h.						pl. h.
	1 l.	2 l.		3 l.			1 l.	2 l.	3 l.
	1 l.	simple form	polite form	m.	well. R.	cf. R.	1 l.	2 l.	3 l.
And	I	you	You	is he	she is	it	we	you	they
R	me	you	You	his	her	his	us	you	them
Rp	me	you	You	him	her	him	us	you	them
D	to me	you	To you	him	her	him	us	to you	them
Dp	to me	you	To you	him	her	him	us	to you	him
AT	me	you	You	his	her	his	us	you	them
Vp	me	you	You	him	her	him	us	you	them
T	me, me	you, you	You	them	her, her	them	us	you	them
Tp	me, me	you, you	You	him	her, her	him	us	you	them
P	to me	you	You	him	her	him	us	you	them

Case designation in the table: I - nominative, P - genitive, Rp - genitive with a preposition, D - dative, Dp - dative with a preposition, V - accusative, Vp - accusative with a preposition, T - instrumental, Tp - instrumental with a preposition, P - prepositional (always with a preposition).

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See what "Personal pronouns" are in other dictionaries:

Personal pronouns- PERSONAL PRONOUNS. Nouns denoting the 1st or 2nd person of speech (see Person). In Russian. here belong L.M. of the 1st and 2nd persons of both numbers (I, me, etc.; you, you, etc.; we, us, etc.; you, you, etc.). In the name pad. L.M. can… … Dictionary of literary terms

PERSONAL, oh, oh; chen, chna. Dictionary Ozhegov. S.I. Ozhegov, N.Yu. Shvedova. 1949 1992 ... Explanatory dictionary of Ozhegov

A category of pronouns indicating the participants in the speech - the author (I, we), the addressee (you, you) and all non-participants (he, they), as well as possessive pronouns. The rules for using personal pronouns (you and you) are determined by speech etiquette. Literature ... ... Literary Encyclopedia

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Pronouns of different categories have their own peculiarities of change in cases. Now we will analyze some of them in more detail.

1. Cases of personal pronouns

In indirect cases, these pronouns change not only the endings, but also the stem:

I.p. I, you, we, you, he, it, she, they

R.p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

D.p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

V.p. me, you, us, you, him, him, her, them

etc. me (me), you (you), us, you, them, them, her (her), them

P.p. (about) me, (about) you, (about) us, (about) you, (about) him, (about) him, (about) her, (about) them.

The pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person of the singular do not have clearly fixed categories of gender; they are used in both masculine and feminine, and in the middle.

Pronouns of the 3rd person, inclining, may lose their initial consonant she - but her, etc.

2. For the reflexive pronoun itself, there are only forms of indirect cases. It also declines like the personal pronoun you:

etc. by yourself (by yourself)

P.p. (About Me

3. Some pronouns that have the categories of gender and number change in cases according to the same rules as adjectives. This applies to:
- possessive pronouns (my, yours, ours, yours);
- index (that, this, such);
- interrogative / relative (which, which, whose);
- Definitive (most, himself, all, everyone, other).

I.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

R.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

D.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

V.p. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

etc. ours, ours, ours, ours; such, such, such, such

P.p. (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours, (about) ours; (o) such, (o) such, (o) such, (o) such

The attributive pronouns himself and most, although similar, decline differently. The difference is mainly indicated by the emphasis:

I.p. most, himself

R.p. himself, himself

D.p. by myself, by myself

V.p. himself, himself

etc. by himself, by himself

P.p. (o) himself, (o) himself

Pay attention to the declension of definitive pronouns all, all, all:

I.p. all, all, all

R.p. all, all, all

D.p. everything, everything, everyone

V.p. all, all, all

etc. all, all (all), all

P.p. (about) everything, (about) everything, (about) everyone

When declining pronouns of the feminine and neuter gender, only the endings change, but in the masculine gender, the stem also changes.

4. For interrogative / relative (who, what) and negative (no one, nothing) pronouns formed from them, when changing in cases, the stems change:

I.p. who, what, nobody, nothing

R.p. who, what, nobody, nothing

D.p. who, what, nobody, nothing

V.p. who, what, nobody, nothing

etc. who, what, nothing, nothing

P.p. (about) whom, (about) what, about no one, about nothing.

At the same time, in the prepositional case, the preposition breaks negative pronouns into three words.

5. Like the reflexive pronoun, some negative pronouns do not have a nominative form:

R.p. no one

D.p. no one

V.p. no one

etc. no one

P.p. not about anyone.

6. Indefinite pronouns are also declined like the interrogative/relative pronouns from which they are formed:

I.p. any, something

R.p. some, something

D.p. to something, to something

V.p. any, something

etc. any, something

P.p. (about) something, about something

7. There are variations case forms for an indefinite pronoun some:

I.p. some

R.p. some

D.p. to some

V.p. no one

etc. some (some)

P.p. (o) some

Variative case forms exist for this pronoun in other gender/number as well.

8. Some demonstrative (such), relative (what), indefinite (someone, something) pronouns do not change by case. Pronouns-adverbs do not decline where, where, when, so.

We will learn how to use personal pronouns correctly. Let's find out their meanings. Learn to identify correctly case endings personal pronouns.

My sister and I went to the Christmas tree. She was very smart and festive.

(It is not clear who was dressed up, a girl or a Christmas tree)

How to write. My sister and I went to the Christmas tree. The Christmas tree was very elegant, festive.

And here's another one: the Clown gave balloons to the guys. They were round, elongated and long.

(The guys were elongated and long).

How to write. The clown gave balloons to the children. The balls were round, elongated and long.

We are confused by the pronoun.

Pronoun- this is an independent non-significant part of speech that indicates objects, signs or quantities, but does not name them.

The grammatical features of pronouns are different and depend on which part of speech the pronoun acts as a substitute in the text.

Pronoun ranks by meaning

There are 9 categories of pronouns by meaning:

1. Personal : I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they. Personal pronouns indicate the participants in the dialogue (I, you, we, you), persons not participating in the conversation, and objects (he, she, it, they).

2. returnable : myself. This pronoun indicates the identity of a person or object called the subject, a person or object called the word itself (He will not offend himself. Hopes did not justify themselves).

3. Possessive : mine, yours, yours, ours, his, hers, theirs. Possessive pronouns indicate that the object belongs to a person or another object (This is my briefcase. Its size is very convenient).

4. pointing : this, that, such, such, so much, this (obsolete), this (obsolete). These pronouns indicate a sign or quantity of objects.

5. Determinants : himself, most, all, everyone, each, any, other, different, everyone (outdated), all (outdated). Definitive pronouns indicate the attribute of an object.

6. Interrogative : who, what, which, which, whose, how much. Interrogative pronouns serve as special interrogative words and indicate persons, objects, attributes, and quantity.

7. relative : the same as interrogative ones, in the function of connecting parts of a complex sentence (union words).

8. Negative : nobody, nothing, no one, nothing, none, no one. Negative pronouns express the absence of an object or attribute.

9. indefinite : someone, something, some, some, several, as well as all pronouns formed from interrogative pronouns by the prefix something or suffixes something, -or, -something.

Ranks of pronouns

pronouns	Pronouns	How do they change
pronouns	I, you, he (she, it), we, you, they	By persons, cases, 3rd person pronoun is he changes by birth
Interrogative pronouns	who?, what?, what?, whose?, how much?, what?	They vary by gender and number. Pronouns who what? do not change by gender and number
Refundable pronouns		It has no nominative case, gender or number.
Relative pronouns	who, what, which, which, whose, how much, what	Change in cases
indefinite pronouns	someone, something, some, several, someone, something, someone, someone, something, etc.	Indefinite pronouns except someone, something change in cases. Also some indefinite pronouns
Negative pronouns	no one, nothing, none, no one, no one, nothing	Change in cases. Pronouns nobody and nothing do not have a nominative case
Possessive pronouns	mine, yours, yours, ours, yours	Change by gender, cases, numbers
Demonstrative pronouns	that, this, such, such, how many	The pronouns that, this, such, change according to gender, cases, numbers. The pronoun such changes by gender and number.
Definitive pronouns	all, everyone, each, himself, the most, any, other, other	Change by gender, cases, numbers

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature faces :

1st person: I, we;

2nd person: you, you;

3rd person: he, she, it, they.

Personal pronouns have a morphological feature numbers . Personal pronouns are singular (I, you, he, she, it) and plural (we, you, they) numbers.

All personal pronouns have constant feature kind.

Pronouns I and you are of the general gender: I, you came - I, you came.

pronoun he male: he came.

The pronoun she is feminine: she came.

The pronoun is neuter: it came-o.

Plural pronouns we, you, they are not characterized by gender. We can talk about the animation of personal pronouns, since their C. p. coincides with R. p. (I don’t have you - I see you).

All personal pronouns change according to cases , i.e. inclined. In indirect cases with a preposition, n is added to pronouns of the 3rd person: from him, to them, from her. The addition does not occur with derivative prepositions during, thanks to, according to, contrary to, etc.: thanks to her, according to him.

face	units h., Cases - them. (rd., dt., vn., tv., etc.)	*pl. h., Cases - them. (rd., dt., vn., tv., pr.)*
	I (me, me, me, me / me, both to me)	we (us, us, us, us, about us)
	you (you, you, you, you/you, about you) you (you, you, you, you, about you)	you (you, you, you, you, about you)
	he (his / him, him / him, him, them / him, about him) she (her/her, her/her, her, her/her/her/her, about her) it (his / him, him / him, him, them / him, about him)	they (them/them, them, them/them, them/them, about them)

Say the correct pronoun THEM!

Their clothes

Boy - I learned.

Girl - I learned.

Personal pronouns of the 1st and 2nd person do not change by gender.

Rice. 4.

You, Petya, have learned your lesson, and you, Masha?

“Yes!” Masha said, “I learned!” “Me too,” said Petya.

Rice. 5.

Boys, have you learned your lessons?

Girls, are you going to school?

We will answer to ourselves both boys and girls.

Let's correct the sentence, indicating the person, number, case, if possible, the gender of pronouns.

1. Once a comrade approached (I) during a break.

Approached (to whom?) To me - this is the pronoun of the 1st person singular of the dative case.

2. Give (you) a monkey?

To give (to whom?) to you is the pronoun of the 2nd person singular of the dative case.

3. (She) is called Yashka.

Her name is (who?) - this is the pronoun of the 3rd person singular feminine of the genitive case.

4. Dad is angry at (we) with Yashka.

Angry (at whom?) at us is the pronoun of the 1st person plural of the accusative case.

5. Let her live with (you) for now.

Will live (with whom?) With you - this is the pronoun of the 2nd person singular of the genitive case.

6. With (she) having fun.

(With whom?) with her is the pronoun of the 3rd person singular feminine of the dative case.

7. So (I) got a monkey.

(Who?) for me is the pronoun of the 1st person singular of the accusative case.

1. Kalenchuk M.L., Churakova N.A., Baikova T.A. Russian language 4: Academic book / Textbook.

2. Buneev R.N., Buneeva E.V., Pronina O. Russian language 4: Ballas.

3. Lomakovich S.V., Timchenko L.I. Russian language 4: VITA_PRESS.

3. Russian language in the CIS countries ().

1. Read Tsvetaeva's verse. Find pronouns in the text, determine their category.

I will win you back from all lands, from all skies, Because the forest is my cradle, and the grave is the forest, Because I stand on the ground with only one foot, Because I will sing about you like no other.

I will win you back from all the others - from that one, You will be no one's fiancé, I will be no one's wife, And in the last dispute I will take you - shut up!

2. Read. Write off. Underline personal pronouns. In brackets, write case questions to them.

The third part of the Earth is occupied by dry land. The rest is water! A variety of marine animals live in it. Among them are tiny ones, like a pinhead, and large ones, such as whales. Sharks live in the oceans. They are also different. There are dwarf sharks. And there are giant sharks. They weigh up to 20 tons.

3. Write down the sentences by inserting the missing pronoun in the correct form.

1) The pianist's concert ... liked it. His game made a wonderful impression on ....

2) I called … all evening yesterday, but … was constantly busy.

3) I have been studying with Volodya since the first year. I know very well ... and for a long time

I'm friends with...

4) I have a younger sister. In the evening I go for ... to kindergarten.

4.* Write a dialogue on any topic using as many personal pronouns as possible in different case forms.

6. Pronoun

Definition.

Pronoun- this is an independent part of speech that indicates objects, signs, quantities, but does not name them and answers questions who? what? (me, he, we); which? whose? (this one, our); as? where? when? (so, there, then) and etc.

Signs.

Initial form: nominative case, singular.
Permanent signs: category, personal pronouns also have a person.
Irregular symptoms: pronouns, as a rule, change in cases; there are pronouns that, moreover, change by gender and number.

syntactic role.

In a sentence, pronouns are:

subject, for example: None not forgotten nothing not forgotten (O. Bergholz);
additions, for example: He saw her only in a week;
definitions, for example: Oh Volga, cradle my did anyone love you like me?(N. Nekrasov);
circumstances, for example: somewhere small hills rose (V. Obruchev);
nominal part compound predicate, For example: The Cherry Orchard now my! (A. Chekhov.)

Discharges.

In terms of meaning and grammatical features pronouns are divided into several categories:

personal pronouns: I, he, she, it, they, you, you, we.
Personal pronouns refer to the persons involved in the speech. Personal pronouns are singular ( I, you, he, she, it) and plural ( we you they). They change by case (in some cases, not only the ending changes, but the whole word, for example: me, me, me, me, me (me), about me). Sometimes when declining at the root, alternation occurs, for example: you - you, me - me. The third person pronoun he changes by gender: he she it. Third person pronouns he, she, it, they after prepositions have at the beginning n, For example: by him, in front of her, under him.
Pronouns you, your often used as a form courtesy to one person. In this case, they are capitalized: you, your.
returnable pronoun myself;
Pronoun myself means that the action performed by someone is aimed at self actor. Reflexive pronoun answers questions whom? to whom? etc. It does not have a form of gender, person, number, nominative case (it can be attributed to any person in the singular and plural, to any gender). pronoun in a sentence myself usually acts as a complement, for example: Boy doused myself water. Less often, it can be a circumstance, for example: Svitsov jumped up and half-awake began to fumble around. myself looking for a cap(K. Simonov).
interrogative pronouns: who? what? which? whose? what? how many? which?
Interrogative pronouns are used in interrogative sentences, they introduce an interrogative intonation, for example: Where are you rushing, troika Rus? (N. Gogol.) Interrogative pronouns who? what? how many? change in cases. Pronouns which? whose? which?- by gender, numbers and cases, and pronouns do not change;
relative pronouns: who, what, what, what, how much, whose, which.
Relative pronouns are used without question for communication simple sentences as part of complex, for example: We were told when to go. Pronouns which, which, whose change in cases, numbers and genders and are declined like adjectives. They agree with nouns in case, number and gender;
uncertain pronouns: someone, something, several, some, some, something, someone.
Such pronouns indicate indefinite objects, signs, quantities, for example: He was ready to go to the ends of the world to do anything(M. Gorky). Indefinite pronouns are formed from interrogative pronouns by adding a particle not, which turns into a prefix ( not who, not how many), and particles something, something, something, something (who- someday, which- then, what- or, something what ).

someone, something change in the same way as those interrogative pronouns from which they are formed. Pronouns someone, something someone something
negative pronouns: no one, nothing, no one, nothing, no one, no one, nothing.
Negative pronouns indicate the absence of objects, signs, quantities, serve to reinforce the negative meaning of the sentence. They are formed from interrogative pronouns by adding particles neither or not, which then turn into prefixes. Negative pronouns change in the same way as the interrogative ones from which they were formed (according to cases, numbers and genders). Pronouns nobody, nobody
possessive pronouns: mine, yours, yours, yours, ours, hers, his, theirs.
Such pronouns indicate to which person the object belongs and answer the question whose? (whose? whose? whose?). Possessive pronouns change like adjectives by gender, number and case.

Note. Also, personal pronouns of the third person in the form of the genitive case can be used to express belonging ( him, her, them), For example: His killer struck in cold blood.
index pronouns: that, this, such, such, so much, from there, so, here.
Such pronouns serve to highlight a specific object, attribute, quantity among similar ones, for example: All this would be funny if it weren't so sad(M. Lermontov).

Pronouns that one, that one, such change by gender, number and case, pronoun such is- by gender and number, and the pronoun so many- only in cases. The words and others do not change at all.
defining pronouns: all, each, everyone, himself, the most, any, different, other.
Such pronouns specify the subject about which in question, give it the meaning of highlighting or generalization, for example: Every branch of the living forest talks to me(L. Tatyanicheva).

Definitive pronouns himself, all, everyone, everyone, anyone, etc. change by gender, number and case, and pronouns everywhere, always, everywhere do not change.

Declination.

1. Declension of personal pronouns.

case
Nominative	I	you	is he	she is	we	they
Genitive	me	you	him, him	her	us	them, them
Dative	to me	you	to him, to him	with her, her	us	them, him
Accusative	me	you	him, him	her, about her	us	them, them
Instrumental	me	you	them, him	her, with her	us	them, them
Prepositional	(about me	(about you	(about him	(about her	(about Us

2. Declension of the pronoun myself.

3. Declension of interrogative pronouns.

Interrogative pronouns who? what? how many? which? whose? which? change by case, and pronouns where? where? where? when? why? why? as? do not bow.

4. Declension of relative pronouns.

Pronouns which, which, whose change in cases and decline like adjectives.

Declension of pronouns who, what, whose
case	Singular				Plural
Nominative	who	what	whose, whose	whose	whose
Genitive	whom	what	whose	whose	whose
Dative	to whom	what	whose	whose	whose
Accusative	whom	what	whose, whose, whose	whose	whose, whose
Instrumental	by whom	how	whose	whose	whose
Prepositional	(o)com	(about what	(about) whose	(oh) whose	(about) whose

5. Declension of indefinite pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns other than someone, something, change in the same way as those interrogative pronouns from which they are formed. Pronouns someone, something do not change by case: word someone has the nominative form something- nominative or accusative form.

6. Declension of negative pronouns.

Negative pronouns are declined in the same way as the interrogative ones from which they were formed. But: pronouns nobody, nobody do not have a nominative form.

7. Declension of possessive pronouns.

Possessive pronouns change case like adjectives.

8. Declension of demonstrative pronouns.

Pronouns that, this, such, so much change in cases, and words there, here, here, so, then, therefore and others do not change at all.

case	Declension of pronouns the one so much
Nominative	that	so many
Genitive	Togo	so many
Dative	to that	so many
Accusative	that (that one)	so many
Instrumental	topics	so many
Prepositional	(about those	(oh) so many

9. Declension of definitive pronouns.

Definitive pronouns himself, all, everyone, everyone, anyone and others change in cases, and pronouns everywhere, always, everywhere no.

pronoun declension most
case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	most	the most
Genitive	most	most
Dative	himself	most
Accusative	most	most, most
Instrumental	most	most
Prepositional	(about) himself	(about) the most

Spelling.

1) Pronouns with particles something, something, something and prefix something written with a hyphen, for example: someone, something, some, something, something.
But: if particle something separated from the pronoun by a preposition, then it is written separately, for example: someone, about something.

2) Negative pronouns with prefixes not- and neither- are written fluently. H e - is written under stress, neither-- without accent, for example: no one - no one, once - never.
But: if not- and neither- separated from the pronoun by a preposition, they are written separately, for example: no one, nothing.

3) Combinations none other, like nothing else as contain opposition, and is not a negative particle and is written separately, for example: A fairy tale in folklore is nothing but fictional event story. And combinations nobody else and nothing else do not express opposition and are used in sentences where there is negation with the predicate. In this case neither- acts as a word-forming prefix and is written together, for example: This is neither nothing else but irresponsibility can explain.

4) Demonstrative pronouns therefore, then, from here, from there, therefore and others are written together.

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Only personal pronouns can have a person.

3. he, she, it

And the person of pronouns can be determined by the end of the verbs.

You are walking,

To determine the person of personal pronouns, you need to learn a small table.

below this table, on which there is a very small number of pronouns that are easy to remember. Only three faces and two numbers.

we look, we remember with our eyes, we pronounce and have already learned. And that's it.

Recently at school we studied pronouns. We were given a table, it was also given in the textbook that we studied. But they studied in order to know the grammatical features of the pronoun. For example, pronoun: she ( feminine, third person, singular), and so on with other pronouns. All the grammatical signs of pronouns had to be learned by heart, including the face of pronouns. Taught. And at home they set a repetition exercise, in which it was necessary to insert the pronoun itself according to the grammatical features of the pronoun. Here is one sentence from this exercise, formatted as a quote:

It is clear that the pronoun you is missing.

There were four such proposals. Before the eyes of the children there was a table, they quickly completed the task, someone remembered it almost immediately, and no longer looked at it when they did the exercise.

In Russian, a separate group is distinguished - a category by value - personal pronouns. There are three persons in total, each of which can be singular or plural.

1st person - me, we

2nd person - you

3rd person - he, it, she, they

In other categories of pronouns, except for personal ones, the person is not defined.

Personal pronouns are learned by heart at school.

1 person I (or we).

2nd person you (or you).

3 person he, she, it (or they).

In order to understand this more consciously, one can speculate. For example,

in any case, who will be the first? I myself - first person.
if I can't bear it, You you will help, because you are the closest to me - after me second person.
the one who stands at a distance is in the third echelon. If neither I nor You can do it, you can invite a third - He will help, that is, third party

We do the same with the plural. In the first place are always our personal problems and issues - family, work, city.

We resolving these issues first person.
You you can be enemies, not be at one with us - this second person.
if We or You can be personalized in some way They are pronoun third party can be considered a vague concept.

In total in great and mighty Russian has three persons (1st person, 2nd and 3rd person).
They can also differ in numbers: singular and plural.
The pronoun I refers to the first person, singular;
The pronoun We also refers to the first person, but the number is already plural;
The pronoun You refers to the 2nd person, singular;
And the pronoun you to the second person plural;
The pronouns He, She and It already refer to the 3rd person, they have a single number;
And the pronoun They - 3 - e ltul and plural.
By faces, we conjugate verbs and can determine the person of the verb.
For example: the verb drinks refers to the third person and singular (he drinks, she drinks, etc.).
Persons are distinguished by personal pronouns. To determine the person of a pronoun, it is enough to remember the following:
Keep in mind that personal pronouns have different cases and numbers. This passage contains case enumerations in the singular and plural for different persons.