How to determine the type of rhyme female or male. Rhyming systems

Feminine rhyme

Feminine rhyme- a kind of rhyme, in which the stress falls on the penultimate syllable of rhyming words.

This is the simplest definition, but more accurately it should be said like this: feminine ending call the ending of the verse, consisting of the penultimate strong and the last weak syllable. In quantitative versification, the feminine ending is a combination of long and short, and in tonic and syllabo-tonic it is stressed and unstressed syllables.

Origin of the term

The term "female rhyme" has its roots in classical French poetry. In Old French, most feminine adjectives (and some nouns) ended in an unstressed sound e. In the Middle Ages, a tradition appeared to alternate verses with rhyming words of the feminine and masculine gender and began to distinguish between "female" and "male" rhymes. Subsequently, this tradition and terminology passed into European poetry, and then into Russian. The terms "female rhyme" and "male rhyme" are essentially the second names for two-syllable and one-syllable rhyme, respectively.

Examples

In the above poem by Pushkin, the second and fourth lines are combined by a feminine rhyme:

He straightened up and looked
Natasha look ate,
He flew by in a whirlwind,
Natasha is dead ate.
A. S. Pushkin, "Groom"

In the example below, each line contains only feminine rhymes:

There are speeches meaning
Dark or insignificant
But they don't care
Impossible to take
How full of their sounds
Crazy desire!
They are tears of separation
They have the thrill of goodbye.
M. Yu. Lermontov, “There are speeches of meaning ...”

Poems with feminine stanza endings can contrast with masculine verses (ending in a strong syllable). For example, in Pushkin's Onegin stanza:

"My uncle of the most honest rules, (feminine ending)
When I fell ill in earnest, (male)
He made himself respect (female)
And I couldn't think of a better one. (male)
His example to others is science; (female)
But, my God, what a bore (female)
Sitting with the sick both day and night, (male)
Not leaving a single step away! (male)
What low deceit (female)
Amuse the half-dead (male)
Fix his pillows (male)
It's sad to give medicine (female)
Sigh and think to yourself: (male)
"When will the devil take you!" (male)
A. S. Pushkin, "Eugene Onegin"

Sometimes the ending of any verse ending in a weak syllable is called a feminine ending.

As an example of the exclusive use of one female ending, one can point to the Tale of Ilya the Bogatyr Karamzin, many of Koltsov's songs, etc.

Links

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See what "Female rhyme" is in other dictionaries:

See rhyme. Literary encyclopedia. In 11 tons; M .: publishing house of the Communist Academy, Soviet Encyclopedia, Fiction. Edited by V. M. Friche, A. V. Lunacharsky. 1929 1939 ... Literary Encyclopedia

feminine rhyme- rhyme with stress on the penultimate syllable. Heading: structure of a poetic work Antonym / correlate: masculine rhyme Genus: rhyme Example: miller slacker waves full Strophic or non-strophic construction of the verse, poetic meter and ... ...

feminine rhyme- rhyme with stress on the penultimate syllable, for example: Rhyme, sonorous friend of Inspired leisure ... A.S. Pushkin See also clause ... Dictionary of literary terms

feminine rhyme- Rhyme with stress on the penultimate syllable ... Dictionary of many expressions

feminine rhyme- FEMALE RI´FMA rhyme with stress on the penultimate syllable from the end. Here is the beginning of the choreic poem, built entirely on Zh. R .: The fire of the lightning flashed, The birds fell silent on the nest. The silence of the forest envelops, Without swaying, the ear slumbers; Day… … Poetic dictionary

- (Greek rhythmos). Consonance of words with which poems end; monotonous end of the verse. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. Rhyme in Greek. rhythmos. Consonant ending of verses. Explanation of 25000… … Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

Rhyme, rhymes, female (Greek rhythmos) (lit.). In versification, the consonance of the ends of poetic lines. Masculine rhyme (with emphasis on the last syllable), feminine rhyme (on the penultimate syllable), dactylic rhyme (on the third from the end). Rich, poor rhyme. ... ... Explanatory Dictionary of Ushakov

rhyme- (from the Greek rhythmos proportionality) the consonance of the ends of verses (or half-verses), marking their boundaries and linking them together. Heading: structure of a poetic work Whole: sound organization of a verse Type: poor rhyme, rich rhyme ... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

When writing this article, material from the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron (1890 1907) was used. Wiktionary has an entry for rhyme... Wikipedia

rhyme feminine- see female rhyme ... Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

Rhyme- repetition of more or less similar combinations of sounds that connect the endings of two or more lines or symmetrically located parts of poetic lines. In classical Russian versification, the main feature of rhyme is the coincidence of stressed vowels. The rhyme marks the end of the verse with a sound repetition ( clauses), emphasizing the interline pause, and thus the rhythm of the verse.

Depending on the location of stresses in rhyming words, rhyme can be: masculine, feminine, dactylic, hyperdactylic, exact and inexact.

Masculine rhyme

Men's- rhyme with stress on the last syllable in the line.

Both the sea and the storm shook our h eln;

I, sleepy, was betrayed by every whim in wave.

Two infinities were in m not,

And me willfully played about not.

Feminine rhyme

Women's- with stress on the penultimate syllable in the line.

Quiet night, late l by the way,

Like stars in the sky eyut,

As under their gloomy St. by the way

Niva dormant sp eyut.

Dactylic rhyme

Dactylic- with stress on the third syllable from the end of the line, which repeats the dactyl pattern - -_ _ (stressed, unstressed, unstressed), which, in fact, is the reason for the name of this rhyme.

Girl in the field with a pipe willow,

Why did you hurt the branch in outside?

She cries at her lips in the morning oriole,

crying all the more bitterly and all bezut more.

Hyperdactylic rhyme

Hyperdactylic- with stress on the fourth and subsequent syllables from the end of the line. This rhyme is very rare in practice. It appeared in the works of oral folklore, where the size as such is not always visible. The fourth syllable from the end of the verse is no joke! Well, an example of such a rhyme sounds like this:

Goblin's beard eats,

stick gloomy obt eats.

Depending on the coincidence of sounds, rhymes are distinguished accurate and inaccurate.

I'll write a little more. You never know, suddenly look?
Men's and women's do not differ in this. Why is it said that the stress is on the last syllable? YES, because one stressed syllable is enough to rhyme. Guess they do it the same way or differently? That is exactly what they do, they are content with the minimum for which they take the emphasis to the very end. The penultimate syllable no longer gives this, although they get out there too - they boldly make a Glagolitic alphabet, a mistake in verbal rhyme ..
But with regards to male .. (I don’t classify them that way at all, for applied use.)
When they make this minimum of a masculine rhyme, people absolutely do not listen to the sound of their composed line. And it turns out that this minimum is easily covered by the previous sounds if it does not fall into its rhyming cluster. And from this it follows that people do not even think about a single type of rhyme or a different type, a special separation of the ends of lines by sounding in "different directions" ..

For example, I have a rhyme generally divided by its use. already talked a lot about these things, who needs it if.
The first difference in the property of rhyming is its position. If it is tied at the end of a line, followed by a pause (carriage return, after which, perhaps, the same line continues), then the rhyme is tied rigidly. She is static. There is an eternal mistake when they try to make a compound rhyme, in fragments, the sound of which is rendered a disservice by this pause after the line. There is a dynamic rhyme. She has three ranges inside the line, inside which she can swim and withstand any fragment versions, if the pause does not interfere. It is already normal to begin to cooperate with it and support it with alliteration or a second sound, up to almost the collapse of both lines ..
In short, the static rhyme is tied to the length of the line, two lines should be with the same rhythm and the same length - then a pause. And the dynamic one, embedding according to the same principles, can either not affect the lengths of the lines, or cut them down or increase them in length ..
But here we are not talking about children's rhyming, two-letter endings when declining or conjugating a word.
What is the type of rhyme itself. The verbal is rather not a rhyme with two verbs, where the entire Glagolitic alphabet is pulled without hesitation. Rhyming is one part of speech. Different parts of speech - it's mixed.
If we consider the verb in this way, then it becomes clear why for weak verses the verb at the end of the line is chosen first of all. There are longer endings! And for nouns, the endings are shorter and faster, the root of the word begins, but therefore rhyming with two nouns is less common and is ruined. Even if they do not understand the difference, it is difficult to manage ..
Regarding the length of the rhyme..
Given that rhyme is a close sound with completely different meanings, like a unison, but not chords, but sounding words. Successfully composed long rhyme. But there are already many options. In addition to the fact that it must necessarily be drawn out, it is also possible to push the continuation of the second sound to a short rhyme through non-voiced sounds. The effect will be almost the same, but a different type of rhyme construction - what's the difference?
Then naked rhyme is always worse than rhyme in a chain and rhyme with support. Anything that fits in, at least the second sound, at least alliteration, at least both and without a spoon ..

Twerk dancers have grown up
Whether it's Irka or Verka.
Yes, at least, Masha or Dasha,
Anyway, total bullshit.

Let's say this kind of support.

ῥυθμός - regularity, rhythm or ancient German rim- number) - consonance at the end of two or more words.

Depending on the position of the stress in a rhyming word, there are several types of rhyme:

masculine rhyme, where the stress is on the last syllable of the rhyming verse. For example, this type is used in M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Death":
The chain of a young life is broken,
The road is over, the hour has struck, it's time to go home,
It's time to go where there is no future,
No past, no eternity, no years.
feminine rhyme where it falls on penultimate. For example, it is this type that is used in an excerpt from A.S. Pushkin "Groom": "
Silver and gold everywhere
Everything is bright and rich."
dactylic rhyme, in which the stress is on the third syllable from the end of the line. This is how lines 1 and 3 of S. A. Yesenin’s poem “Rus” rhyme, and lines 2 and 4 are another example of male rhyme:
The village drowned in potholes,
Covered the huts of the forest,
Only visible, on the bumps and hollows,
How blue are the skies.
hyperdactylic rhyme, in which the stress falls on the fourth syllable or beyond, is used much less frequently than the others. An example is the line of V. Ya. Bryusov:
From the moon the rays are stretched,
They touch the heart with needles ...

Rhymes also differ in the accuracy of consonances and how they are created:

rich rhymes in which the reference consonant coincides. An example is the lines from A. S. Pushkin's poem "To Chaadaev":
Love, hope, quiet glory
The deceit did not live long for us,
Gone are the funs of youth
Like a dream, like a morning mist.
poor rhymes, where stressed sounds and a stressed vowel partially coincide.

Also in versification, a group of inaccurate rhymes is distinguished, which are a conscious artistic device:

assonant rhymes in which the vowel stressed sound coincides, but the consonants do not.
dissonant (consonant) rhymes, where, on the contrary, stressed vowels do not match:

It was

Socialism -

awesome word!

With a flag

With a song

stood on the left

And herself

On the heads

glory descended

a truncated rhyme in which there is an extra consonant sound in one of the rhyming words.
iotated rhyme, which is one of the most widespread examples of truncated rhyme; so in it, as the name implies, the sound "y" becomes an additional consonant sound. This type of rhyme is used in this poem by A. S. Pushkin in lines 1 and 3:
Clouds are rushing, clouds are winding;
Invisible moon
Illuminates the flying snow;
The sky is cloudy, the night is cloudy ...
compound rhyme, where a rhyming pair consists of three or more words, as in lines 2 and 4 of N. S. Gumilyov:
You will take me in your arms
And you, I will hug you
I love you prince of fire
I want and wait for a kiss.
banal rhymes, for example: love is blood, roses are tears, joy is youth. Over the predictability of such rhymes, which are so common among different authors, A. S. Pushkin made fun of in “Eugene Onegin”:
And now the frosts are cracking
And silver among the fields ...
The reader is already waiting for the rhyme of "roses",

Ways to rhyme

Previously, in the school literature course, they necessarily studied the basic methods of rhyming in order to give knowledge about the diversity of the position in the stanza of rhyming pairs (and more) of words, which should be of help to anyone who writes poetry at least once in their life. But everything is forgotten, and the bulk of the authors are somehow in no hurry to diversify their stanzas.

Adjacent- rhyming of adjacent verses: the first with the second, the third with the fourth ( aabb) (the same letters denote the endings of poems that rhyme with each other).

This is the most common and obvious rhyming system. This method is subject even to children in kindergarten and has an advantage in the selection of rhymes (an associative pair appears in the mind immediately, it is not clogged with intermediate lines). Such stanzas have greater dynamics, the fastest pace of reading.

Weaved out on the lake the scarlet light of dawn, Capercaillie are crying on the forest with ringing. An oriole is crying somewhere, hiding in a hollow. Only I don’t cry - my heart is light.

The next method - cross-rhyming - also appealed to a large number of the writing public.

cross- rhyming of the first verse with the third, the second - with the fourth ( abab)

Although the scheme of such a rhyme seems to be a little more complicated, it is more flexible in terms of rhythm and allows you to better convey the necessary mood. Yes, and such verses are easier to learn - the first pair of lines, as it were, pulls out of memory the second pair that rhymes with it (while with the previous method everything breaks up into separate couplets).

I love a thunderstorm in early May, When the first spring thunder, As if frolicking and playing, Rumbles in the blue sky.

The third method - ring (in other sources - belted, embracing) - already has a smaller representation in the total mass of poems.

Ring(belted, embracing) - the first verse - with the fourth, and the second - with the third. ( abba)

Such a scheme can be given to beginners a little more difficult (the first line is, as it were, overwritten by the next pair of rhyming lines).

I looked, standing over the Neva, Like Isaac the giant In the darkness of the frosty fog The golden dome shone.

And finally woven rhyme has many patterns. This is a common name for complex types of rhyme, for example: abvabv, abvvba and etc.

Far from the sun and nature, Far from light and art, Far from life and love Your young years will flash, Your feelings will die alive, Your dreams will vanish.

In conclusion, it is useful to note that it is not always necessary to adhere so rigidly, strictly and dogmatically to certain canonical forms and patterns, because, as in any kind of art, there is always a place for the original in poetry. But, nevertheless, before you rush into the unrestrained inventing of something new and not entirely known, it always does not hurt to make sure that you are still familiar with the basic canons.

Sound repetitions are the main element of the phonics of a verse, the essence of which is the repetition within a verse and in neighboring verses of a group of identical or similar sounds. The main function of Z. p. is to ensure the phonetic expressiveness of the verse. It is noteworthy that in the Russian system of versification, sound repetitions are not a canonized device, as, for example, in Finnish, Estonian, Yakut and some other languages.

According to the place in the verse, the ring is distinguished when the sounds are repeated at the end and beginning of the verse (“The flying ridge is thinning clouds”, A. S. Pushkin; symbol AB ... AB), anaphora, epiphora, junction (... AB - AB ...), there are also sound repetitions decomposed (AB ... A ... B ...) and summing (A ... B ... AB), metathetic (AB ... BA), exact and inaccurate , double and triple. Sound repetitions include alliteration, assonance, rhyme.

Alliteration- the repetition of identical or homogeneous consonants in a poem, giving it a special sound expressiveness (in versification).

It implies a greater frequency of these sounds in comparison with the Central Russian frequency in a certain segment of the text or throughout its entire length. It is not customary to talk about alliteration in cases where the sound repetition is a consequence of the repetition of morphemes. The word type of alliteration is tautogram. (repeating consonants).

A variety of assonance in some sources is considered assonant rhyme, in which only vowels are consonant, but not consonants. It was as a kind of rhyme that assonance was defined, in particular, by the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, which noted at the end of the 19th century that

Spanish and Portuguese poets especially often resort to assonance. German - only in translations and imitations of these poets, and only a few in original works, for example Schlegel in his Alarkos. In the folk poetry of the Slavs, from the appearance of rhyme, assonance is often found, but usually already next to the consonance of consonants in two adjacent lines of the verse, thus a complete more or less developed rhyme is, that is, the consonance of vowels and consonants.

Women's clause- a kind of rhyme, in which the stress falls on the penultimate syllable of rhyming words.

This is the simplest definition, but more accurately it should be said like this: feminine ending call the ending of the verse, consisting of the penultimate strong and the last weak syllable. In quantitative versification, the feminine ending is a combination of long and short syllables, and in tonic and syllabo-tonic syllables, it is stressed and unstressed syllables.

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How to learn to write poetry. Lesson #8

Literature 28. Male and female rhymes - Academy of Entertaining Sciences

We study the theory of literature: rhythm, foot, verse, rhyme

Subtitles

Origin of the term

The term "women's clause" has its roots in classical French poetry. In Old French, most feminine adjectives (and some nouns) ended in an unstressed sound e. In the Middle Ages, a tradition appeared to alternate poems with rhyming words of the feminine and masculine gender and began to distinguish between "female" and "male" clauses. Subsequently, this tradition and terminology passed into European poetry, and then into Russian. The terms "female clause" and "male rhyme" are essentially the second names for two-syllable and one-syllable rhyme, respectively.

Examples

In the cited poem by Pushkin, the second and fourth lines are combined with a feminine clause:

He straightened up and looked
Natasha look ate,
He flew by in a whirlwind,
Natasha is dead ate.

In the example below, only female clauses are present on each line:

There are speeches - meaning,
Dark or insignificant
But they don't care
Impossible to take
How full of their sounds
Crazy desire!
They are tears of separation
They have the thrill of goodbye.

Poems with feminine stanza endings can contrast with masculine verses (ending in a strong syllable). For example, in Pushkin's Onegin stanza:

“My uncle of the most honest rules, (feminine ending)
When I fell ill in earnest, (male)
He made himself respect (female)
And I couldn't think of a better one. (male)
His example to others is science; (female)
But, my God, what a bore (female)
Sitting with the sick both day and night, (male)
Not leaving a single step away! (male)
What low deceit (female)
Amuse the half-dead (male)
Fix his pillows (male)
It's sad to give medicine (female)
Sigh and think to yourself: (male)
When will the devil take you!" (male)