What to do if there are a lot of bunches of grapes. The reason for the appearance of barren shoots in grapes

When you grow grapes, take care of them - you expect a decent harvest. And everything seems to be as usual, but it happens that the grape clusters are not at all the same, the grapes have become small.

Small berries indicate peas in the grapes. This comes from a lack of pollination. This condition can be predetermined by characteristic signs - shedding of flowers and ovaries. And the second reason for small grapes is the overload of the bush, both in clusters and shoots that were not cut in a timely manner. A lot of green shoots grow leaves, from which nutrients enter the berries, and with a large overload, the growth of the shoots stops, the leaves do not gain the necessary amount of nutrients and the berries cannot gain their size - they remain small, about a pea.

What should be done so that the grapes are not small, how to avoid peas?

Plant grape varieties that are resistant to this process, such as Arcadia and Augustine. And also during the flowering of the grapes, enjoy the good clear weather, as in rainy wet weather, peas cannot be avoided.

In general, varieties with a female type of flower are all prone to peas, and among the bisexual ones, Timur, Rusbol Muscat, Kodryanka, Muscat Summer, Aleshenkin, Tayozhny are noticed.

If it is June outside, and the temperature is below 15 ° C, it regularly rains, dampness and fog during the flowering period of the grapes, then the pea will be almost 100%, since pollen is washed off by rain during pollination and due to dampness does not have time to germinate. But what is most interesting, at high temperature and drought, pollen also does not stick to the pestle. Here you will come to the rescue with a sprayer in your hand and save the day by spraying the bushes with water.

Bush load also matters. You can determine the overload of the vine by stepchildren. Their small growth and stunting during flowering indicates the future gorting of grapes. Stepsons must be pinched on 2 sheets, during the flowering period, increase fertilizing with fertilizer, which includes boron, and during the fruiting period, unload the bush by removing non-developing green shoots. Do not touch the grapes themselves. On well-pollinated varieties, it is better to remove excess flower brushes immediately. Water regularly.

A weak bush will never produce large fruits. From lack, on poor soil, grape shoots will be thin and unable to produce a quality crop. But this does not mean at all that one should strive to grow wen shoots that will burden the shrub. All shoots should be approximately the same thickness.

When growing grapes, be sure to learn how to grow grapes. Powder puffs are usually used for this. The procedure is carried out early in the morning, before 9 o'clock, when the dew dries.

So, grapes can be avoided if:

• timely pruning of shoots, to prevent thickening of the bush;
• grow grapes necessarily on a blown area. Planting in a place protected from the wind (behind a tree, fence, near the wall of the house) is the first step to pea grapes due to poor pollination and lack of light;
• do not grow grape varieties prone to peas;
• water and feed regularly, during flowering in dry, hot weather, spray with water so that pollen sticks to the pestle;
• if necessary, pollinate the grapes artificially, manually;
• plant honey plants near the vineyard to attract bees or arrange baits (300 g of sugar per 1 liter of water, a drop of honey and a few grape inflorescences per 1 liter of water. Leave for a day). Pour into a plate, cover with a small layer of moss and put in the morning near the grapes. Be sure to cover the plate, otherwise the bees will fly to the infusion, and not to the vine.

Grapes are a favorite delicacy of many people. Some try to grow a plant in their garden and it works out pretty well, especially if the variety is selected according to climatic conditions and it is provided with proper care.
But it happens that the grape harvest can stun the owner in the truest sense of the word. By "pea" is meant the process of ripening very small fruits, i.e. berries grow the size of peas. What is the reason for this behavior of the vine and what to do to avoid such a nuisance?

Causes of plant peas

When grapes are peated, it is necessary to identify the causes that influenced the process of fruit formation. Of course, professional winegrowers know why this happens, and many share their experience. Among the factors influencing the yield, it is worth highlighting:

• poor pollination of the plant;
• climatic conditions of the region;
• the formation of the vine whip was insufficient;
• deficiency of organic and mineral types of fertilizers;
• the gardener did not take into account the features of the selected variety.

Let's consider each factor in more detail.

Pollination of grapes

During the flowering period of the vine, it is necessary to carefully examine the inflorescences and ovaries. If the pollination process went badly or in insufficient volume, then the flowers will begin to crumble, if everything is fine, then there will be a large number of long stamens and pistils in the inflorescences. When short vegetative reproductive organs are observed, the natural process of pollination will not be possible. Sometimes the gardener needs to carry out additional pollination on his own, otherwise there is a risk of losing the crop.

Grape inflorescence is divided into three types:

• feminine;
• male;
• bisexual.

In order to independently carry out the pollination procedure, it is necessary to cut a blossoming flower from a plant of a bisexual variety. After that, it should be applied to inflorescences that need pollination, according to the puff principle. This must be done carefully so as not to damage the buds. The event is held in the morning hours from 7 to 9, after the dew has dried in dry weather. The first time pollination is carried out during the formation of the first inflorescences, the second and third times - during the period of mass flowering of the shrub.
There is a second, less labor-intensive option for pollination. For this, a small wooden spatula or stick is taken and covered with rabbit fur, which is previously cut short. After that, with its help, part of the pollen is transferred from pollinating flowers to inflorescences that need additional pollination. If the procedure was successful, then the stigmas in the flowers at the end of flowering will acquire a brownish tint. This method is widely used in vineyards so that the grapes have a beautiful presentation.
In order for the bees to actively engage in the pollination procedure, you can place baits. It is very easy to prepare them. In a liter of water, 300 g of granulated sugar, a drop of honey and a handful of grape inflorescences are diluted. The composition is infused for a day, after which it is poured into plates. Early in the morning, dishes with bait are exposed near the bushes. To prevent the bees from flying directly to the plates, they are first covered with a thin layer of moss.
Another way to protect the crop from poor pollination is to plant honey herbs around the vineyard, from which the bees will carry pollen.

Weather

An important factor is the weather conditions of the region. Excellent conditions for high-quality and complete pollination are low humidity, dry weather and high air temperature, which ranges from 15 to 30 degrees Celsius.
If, during flowering in June, the weather was cool, damp, fogs appeared, then all the pollen would simply be washed away by rains, which means that many small berries form on the bush.
At the same time, too hot and dry weather will bring a similar result. In this case, the pollen becomes too dry and is no longer able to stick to the stigma of the inflorescence. Therefore, if the weather failed, then measures should be taken to self-pollinate the plant, which were prescribed above.

Vine management

The newly planted vine begins to pea for the first time. You shouldn't be upset about this. For a young seedling, this is a common thing. Larger clusters form as the bush matures. If you regularly remove weakened branches when examining the vine, then all the nutrients will begin to pass without loss to the stronger parts of the shrub. Thus, you can significantly accelerate the receipt of an excellent harvest.
Not only branches, but also fruit brushes are subject to careful inspection. If defective berries are found on it, the bunch should be removed immediately. Professional gardeners strongly recommend leaving only one full-fledged bunch on one lash. Compliance with this rule will allow you to get a larger berry on the bush.
The stepsons (lateral shoots) that appear during the growth of the shrub should be removed immediately so that the plant does not waste its strength and nutrients on them. This process at times increases the green mass, enabling a greater manifestation of photosynthesis. Thanks to this, the berries grow larger.
Another means that increases the yield is the ringing of shoots. To fill the old parts of the shrub with useful substances and carry out a similar agrotechnical manipulation. In the zone of concentration of banding points, in most cases clusters with large fruits are tied.

Lack of water, organic and mineral fertilizers

Among the reasons for the peating of grapes is the lack of various types of fertilizers, therefore, this should not be allowed. This leads to negative consequences in the development of nurseries, especially in the cold season. Top dressing by plants is perceived poorly at low temperatures, respectively, and the procedure for fertilizing inflorescences is not entirely of high quality. Hence the gore. Therefore, everything must be done in a timely manner.
The culture loves well-moistened soils and this should be taken into account when growing. To prevent the problem, you must:

• constantly check the soil to see if it needs watering;
• water the plants in a timely manner, preventing drying;
• loosen the soil around the bush.

The drier the summer period is, the more often the vineyards need watering. On average, irrigation is carried out at least 8 times during the summer.

Accounting for varietal characteristics

Before choosing a variety for breeding, it should be carefully studied. If the description indicates a tendency to pea, then one should not expect abundant harvests from him with large fruits. Of course, enhanced care for him will make it possible to increase productivity, but only slightly. It will be a waste of time and energy. Therefore, it is better to opt for unpretentious hybrids, for example, Pleven (Augustin) and Arcadia, which begin to pea if they are not provided with at least minimal care.
It should be remembered that grapes prefer open, well-ventilated areas where sunlight constantly penetrates.
Blotting of grapes occurs in many gardeners. But it is necessary and possible to deal with this problem, especially if you want to get good harvests. To do this, it is enough to study the reasons that affect the appearance of small berries, and subsequently try to prevent their appearance.

Hello. Planted several varieties of good grapes. But I don't know how to take care of him. The neighbors hang brushes, and there is almost no foliage on the vine (they pick it on purpose). And why do they do it?

Boris Chernyshev, Volgograd Region, Volzhsky

Why are the vines bare

The leaves on the vine are cut off for several reasons. Before flowering, a pair of leaves is removed for better pollination. Grapes are pollinated by the wind, and dense foliage can make this process difficult. In principle, the operation is not mandatory. But it has been noticed that on poorly ventilated bushes thickened with shoots, the clusters are more loose - there are fewer berries in them due to poor pollination.

In the future, a few more leaves are removed due to the desire to give the clusters a presentation. The sun in extreme heat, although it can burn the berry, cause burns on it, but it also gives most varieties an unusually beautiful color. It is not a shame to show such grapes to neighbors, and it is highly valued in the market.

Helps breaking leaves and diseases. Clusters are less damaged by oidium, gray mold and mildew. Until recently, this technique was the only one in the fight against gray rot. The better the ventilation - the faster the clusters dry out after dews and rains, the more difficult it is for fungal diseases to catch on the berries.

The reason for the removal of the lower leaves on the vine may also be the fact that some scientists consider the productive period of the leaf up to 60 days. Older ones consume nutrients, that is, they live at the expense of others.

Why are the brushes empty?

Clusters of torn leaves alone are not enough. They can pollinate poorly due to unfavorable weather: rains, dust storms, extreme heat ... They “correct” weather troubles by artificial pollination with down jackets, spraying with fruit formation stimulants (Gibberellin, Bud, Ovary and others).

Some varieties drop the "extra" ovary when there is a lack of nutrition. Therefore, for 7-14 days, the bushes are fed and watered abundantly. And at the same time, they are insured by spraying a solution of trace elements over the sheet, primarily with boric acid and magnesium.

Berries can also fall due to lack of water. Vineyards under industrial conditions are watered three to four times. True, their yields are much less than in amateur plots. In any case, if you water only three times, you need to wet the soil by one meter.

It is impossible to do this in one watering - watering bowls are poured several times during the day. Or they break the "water procedures" by 10 times.

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Advice is given by Alexander Kuznetsov:

"Grapes are a wind-pollinated crop. And bees have nothing to do with it. Perhaps the author of the question grows a grape variety with a functionally female type of flowers. What does this mean?
In such varieties, and there are many of them, only the pistils in the flowers develop, and the stamens are rudimentary (underdeveloped), i.e. their anthers do not develop and do not contain pollen. In this case, a grape bush of a different variety is planted nearby, which can be a pollinator. Grape varieties are selected for approximately the same flowering period. If this condition is not feasible, it is possible to pollinate varieties with a functionally female type of flowers forcibly, using a "puff" for this purpose - this is a board with a handle, on one side of which a patch of soft fur is attached. Such a "puff" is first carefully carried out over the inflorescences of grape varieties that can form pollen, then they do the same with the inflorescences of the variety that should be pollinated. In this way, you can pollinate grape varieties, even if you do not even have pollinators, for example, borrow pollen from a neighbor. Ordinary grape varieties self-pollinate. In the description of the grape variety, it is indicated in the characteristic (as mandatory information) which type the variety belongs to.

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Every gardener dreams of growing a bountiful harvest with large fruits. Therefore, expensive hybrids are purchased for crazy money, and work on the site is carried out taking into account the requirements of culture. But all the tricks pass by and small berries appear on the grapes. In our review, we will explain why this happens, as well as methods to prevent it.

Small berries on grapes are quite common.

Pollination

Pea gardeners call the formation of small berries on a large bunch of grapes. Beginners often worry that this is a disease and begin to stuff plants with various chemicals. As a result, instead of helping the fruit vine, they further exacerbate the problem.

Vine flowers are:

• bisexual;
• women's;
• men's.

If the plant has a long pistil and stamens, then this species does not need additional pollination. Short reproductive organs focus the grower's attention on the fact that the fruit vine will not be able to carry out the insemination procedure on its own.

Natural pollination and cluster formation occurs in hot weather with low humidity. If in June it rains and fogs outside the window, and the temperature does not rise above +15 degrees, then the plant will not be able to carry out the procedure normally, and as a result, the gardener gets a lot of small berries in the bunch. Pollen is completely washed off the stigma and no insemination occurs.

Too hot, dry weather is also detrimental to pollination, when the wind practically does not sway the plants. In this case, pollen also cannot properly adhere to the stigma, so all the efforts of the grapes are in vain.

Ideal climatic conditions for flowering fruit vine:

• lack of precipitation;
• atmospheric temperature not lower than +15 and not higher than 30 degrees;
• light wind.

The insemination period lasts 14 days, during which the plant opens flowers and needs to spread pollen. Experienced gardeners plant honey herbs near the vineyards that attract bees. Collecting nectar from flowers, insects will fertilize the fruit vine with pleasure.

The bee flies out for pollination only in warm and calm weather

Professionals with many years of experience do not want to depend on the vagaries of nature, so they often take the responsibility for pollination into their own hands. The problem of small berries on grapes is solved with the help of a special device. Fluffy animal fur is nailed onto a wooden plywood spatula (15-20 cm). With light and gentle movements, pollen from one bunch is transferred to another. This procedure is carried out every 3 days in the morning.

Remember: in case of precipitation, postpone the event until better weather conditions. After work, the fur on the device is thoroughly washed and dried. Storage is carried out in tight plastic bags.

There are hormonal preparations that facilitate pollination in grapes and help prevent the appearance of small berries. However, experienced gardeners do not recommend once again treating the plant with chemicals. The fruit vine is helped by attracting pollinating insects. To do this, sweet syrup is placed under the grapes from:

• press the inflorescences of the liana;
• 2 glasses of sugar;
• 1 liter of water;
• half a teaspoon of honey.

In the morning, saucers with bait are placed under the plants. Remember: all containers are covered with thin gauze or moss, as the bees will prefer easier prey and will not be engaged in pollination.

In large vineyards, mixed plantings of self-pollinating and bisexual plants are made. An improvement in the quality of fertilization after flowering is noted even in the most capricious and prone to pea varieties.

Grape inflorescences boiled with honey will attract pollinating insects

Vine formation

Growing grapes without small berries is possible only on an adult plant. If the bushes are young and undeveloped, then the poor quality of the bunch is a natural process. A fruit vine should form and only then will it please the gardener with excellent quality characteristics.

Experienced growers take an active part in all processes of the vine, including the formation of bunches and shoots. Removing weak branches will redistribute nutrients, which will be released and sent to the fruits. The same applies to fruit brushes - small and “empty” berries are removed.

To get large fruits, you need to provide the clusters with a maximum of nutrients. To do this, reduce the number of brushes on one branch. In professional farms, they try not to have more than one fruit on one lash. In this way, huge clusters grow.

The flowering of grapes coincides with the intensive growth of green shoots. And if it is not suspended for 10-14 days, nutrients will be poorly supplied to the grape inflorescences, which will lead to pea berries.

Removal of stepchildren (lateral processes and growth points) is a mandatory procedure in viticulture. As a result, each shoot receives a sufficient amount of foliage for photosynthesis, which has a positive effect on the formation of large berries.

Additionally, growers carry out ringing of shoots. This is an artificial event that prevents the plant from expending nutrients and juices for old parts. Above the place of banding, huge clusters with large berries are formed.

Small and unsuccessful inflorescences must be removed from the vine

Nutrients

Another reason for the appearance of small berries on grapes is the lack of mineral and organic substances in the plant. The low average daily temperature slows down the photosynthesis of the vine, so the top dressing is not perceived by the roots. Frosts and cold winds are especially dangerous during flowering. Fertilization weakens and clusters are formed with "peas".

Drought and lack of water during the period of throwing flowers also causes starvation in the grapes. Nutrients are not taken up by the roots, so there is not enough strength for the normal development of the clusters. Gardeners regularly loosen the soil at the base of the plants and check for irrigation needs. During the summer, the plantation is watered at least 8 times, and in dry seasons it is increased.

Grapes are a crop that needs regular feeding. Even the planting of seedlings is carried out on a thick layer-pillow of organic and mineral preparations. Nitrogen is the main structural element of the plant, responsible for the formation of green mass and clusters. The lack of a chemical component is compensated by the deterioration of the quality of the bark and small berries. Recommended activities:

• before flowering;
• during the formation of fruits;
• when the berries soften;
• at the beginning of maturation.

Nitrogen-based preparations are used in the first half of summer. And after the grapes have become larger than peas, universal remedies are used. Fans of natural cultivation during the season use fermented manure or chicken manure with the addition of wood ash. But professionals recommend alternating organic and mineral preparations.

Heat and insufficient watering adversely affect the berries

Variety

You should not expect large clusters and berries if a grape variety with small fruits was selected in advance. With the help of enhanced care, it is possible to increase the yield, but it will be insignificant. A self-respecting gardener will definitely study all types of plants that are grown in his climatic conditions.

Varieties of grapes with large berries:

• "Harold";
• "Sphinx";
• "New century";
• "Arcadia";
• "Memory of the Surgeon".

It is not recommended to purchase seedlings from the hands. After all, instead of "Lady's finger" you will get a small, technical variety. In each region there are agricultural holdings that specialize in growing fruit vines. Therefore, it is better to make all purchases in companies that value their reputation.

Growing grapes at home will allow you to get a huge amount of delicious fruits. By following our recommendations, you will avoid the formation of small berries on bunches.

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