"Winter road" A. Pushkin
In the dark forest, an inspired wizard walks towards him. I am sitting behind bars in a damp dungeon. along the winter road, a boring trio of greyhounds runs. the monotonous bell rattles tediously.
Indicate the gender, number, case and endings of adjectives. Specify adverbs. Through the wavy mists The moon makes its way, On the sad glades It pours sadlyshe is the light. Along the winter road, boring Troika greyhound runs, The monotonous bell Tiringly rattles.
Insert missing punctuation marks in non-union complex sentences.A. The world opened up to her in its secret sound (?) rustled in the windleaves, a continuous rumble floated from the thickets, a cuckoo counted the years for someone. The black dog Arapka refused to go today (?), exhausted by the heat, lay in the shade of the veranda and did not move. The moon (?) makes its way through the wavy mists, she pours a sad light on the sad glades.G. Let him not know how to serve (?), he knows how to idolize. The service of the Muses does not tolerate fuss (?) The beautiful must be majestic.E. It was not the wounds that tormented him (?), it was the consciousness of uselessness that irritated him. Zh. The snowstorm did not subside (?) the sky did not clear up.Z. Science must be loved (?) people do not have a more powerful and victorious force.I. You part a thicket of bushes with your hands or a canopy of grass (?) smells of fresh dampness in your face. K. The boys did not sleep for a long time (?) Everyone was excited by the story of the old man.
1. Indicate the correct morphological characteristic of the word INTRIGUE from the sentence.
One of the most intriguing mysteries in the universe, how stars were born in galaxies, may have been solved.
A) real communion
B) passive participle
B) verbal adjective
D) perfect participle
2. Indicate the correct morphological characteristic of the word ROTATING from the sentence:
The found disk, revolving around a young pulsar, which is located 100 thousand light-years from Earth, shines with a matte light.
A) gerund
B) adverb
B) a short introduction
D) passive participle
3. Indicate the correct morphological characteristic of the word FOCUSED from the sentence:
The Earth also has an electric field, the positive charge of which is concentrated in the lower layers of the atmosphere, and the negative charge is concentrated in the upper part of the earth's crust.
A) short adjective
B) passive participle
B) adverb
D) gerund
4. In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by participle turnover?
A) The living room was entered from the corridor, which ended with the entrance to the kitchen.
B) Egorushka, gasping for breath from the heat, which was especially felt now after eating, ran to the sedge and looked around the area from there.
C) The huge house in which Gray was born was gloomy inside and majestic outside.
D) When Nikita returned home alone, the moon stood high in the sky, which illuminated the fields with a pale blue light.
5. In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by participial turnover?
A) The event that will be discussed has already become a legend.
B) Three poplars that grew on the edge of the field turned into huge giants.
C) He noticed in the water jars on the windows bouquets of white and tender daffodils, which were leaning on their bright green, plump and long stems with a strong fragrant smell.
D) The foreigner looked around at the tall houses that bordered the pond in a square.
6. In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by participle turnover?
A) With sincere admiration, we looked at the Tikhaya Bay, which looked like a mirror dish.
B) Styopka wanted to find a true friend who would not leave him in any trouble.
C) I see blackening flocks of birds that fly to distant lands.
D) On the shore, which emerged from the fog, we saw a small figure.
7. In which sentence can the subordinate clause of a complex sentence be replaced by participial turnover?
A) In the garbage that was thrown out of the room, there were several copper coins that turned very green.
B) The artists who were not busy that evening gathered in the house of the hero of the day and arranged a real holiday.
Q) Why do I see stars that shine so brightly in the black and blue Bulgarian sky?
D) Once I read an article that described the history of a rare stamp.
8. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Made famous by research into diseases and the use of vaccines,
A) I have developed wonderful relationships with all the scientists.
B) it contributed to the spread and development of science.
C) the scientist Louis Pasteur was still a very modest man.
D) need more money
9. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Starting to write an essay-reasoning for the exam,
B) carefully, thoughtfully read the source text.
C) often the problem is formulated inaccurately, incorrectly.
D) the comment to the formulated problem is ignored.
10. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Reading about the sufferings of Bruno and Galileo,
A) the dogma of the existence of only one world was anathematized.
C) the doctrine of the infinity of the universe will never be forgotten.
D) the tragedy of scientists still haunts researchers of their lives.
11. Indicate the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Traveling through the endless Far Eastern taiga,
B) a description of the relief of Primorye and the Sikhote-Alin mountain system is given.
C) the geographer V. Arseniev studied the richest flora and fauna of this region.
D) It's already dark.
12. Choose the grammatically correct continuation of the sentence.
Seeing in the porthole the blue Earth and a completely black sky,
A) there is a desire to protect her from any troubles.
B) the astronaut had no equal.
C) the astronaut was seized with joyful excitement.
D) the astronaut froze in fascination.
Through the wavy mists
The moon is creeping
To sad glades
She pours a sad light.
On the winter road, boring
Troika greyhound runs
Single bell
Tiring noise.
Something is heard native
In the coachman's long songs:
That revelry is remote,
That heartache...
No fire, no black hut,
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone…
Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Returning to my dear tomorrow,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.
Sounding hour hand
He will make his measured circle,
And, removing the boring ones,
Midnight won't separate us.
It's sad, Nina: my path is boring,
Dremlya fell silent my coachman,
The bell is monotonous
Foggy moon face.
Analysis of the poem "Winter Road" by Pushkin
A. S. Pushkin was one of the first among Russian poets to successfully combine landscape lyrics with personal feelings and experiences in his works. An example of this is the famous poem "Winter Road". It was written by the poet during a trip to the Pskov province (end of 1826).
The poet was recently released from exile, so he is in a sad mood. Many former acquaintances turned away from him, freedom-loving poems are not popular in society. In addition, Pushkin is experiencing significant financial difficulties. The nature surrounding the poet also makes me sad. The author is not at all pleased with the winter trip, even the usually cheerful and encouraging "bell ... tiresomely rattles." The mournful songs of the coachman exacerbate the sadness of the poet. They represent a purely Russian original combination of "reckless revelry" with "cordial longing."
The endless Russian versts, marked by wayposts, are tediously monotonous. It seems that they can last a lifetime. The poet feels the immensity of his country, but this does not bring him joy. A weak light seems to be the only salvation in the impenetrable darkness.
The author indulges in dreams about the end of the journey. There is an image of the mysterious Nina, to whom he goes. Researchers have not come to a consensus about whom Pushkin has in mind. Some believe that this is a distant acquaintance of the poet S. Pushkin, with whom he had a love relationship. In any case, the author is warmed by memories of a woman. He imagines a hot fireplace, an intimate setting and solitude with his beloved.
Returning to reality, the poet sadly notes that the boring road tired even the coachman, who fell asleep and left his master all alone.
In a sense, Pushkin's "winter road" can be compared with his own destiny. The poet acutely felt his loneliness, he practically did not find support and sympathy for his views. Striving for lofty ideals is a perpetual movement across the vast Russian expanses. Temporary stops along the way can be considered Pushkin's numerous love stories. They were never long, and the poet was forced to continue his tedious journey in search of an ideal.
In a broader sense, the poem symbolizes the common historical path of Russia. The Russian troika is a traditional image of Russian literature. Many poets and writers, following Pushkin, used it as a symbol of national destiny.
Through the wavy fogs The moon makes its way, On the sad glades She pours a sad light. Along the winter road, boring Troika greyhound runs, The monotonous bell Tiringly rattles. Something native is heard In the coachman's long songs: That daring revelry, That heartfelt anguish... Neither fire, nor black hut... Wilderness and snow... To meet me Only striped versts Come across alone. Boring, sad... Tomorrow, Nina, Tomorrow, returning to my sweetheart, I'll forget myself by the fireplace, I'll look without looking enough. Loudly the hour hand Will make its measured circle, And, removing the annoying ones, Midnight will not separate us. It's sad, Nina: my path is boring, My coachman fell silent, The bell is monotonous, The moon's face is foggy.
The poem was written in December 1826, when Pushkin's friends, participants in the Decembrist uprising, were executed or exiled, and the poet himself was in exile in Mikhailovsky. Pushkin's biographers claim that the verse is written about the poet's trip to the Pskov governor for an inquiry.
The theme of the verse is much deeper than just the image of a winter road. The image of the road is an image of a person's life path. The world of winter nature is empty, but the road is not lost, but marked by versts:
No fire, no black hut ...
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone.
The path of the lyrical hero is not easy, but despite the sad mood, the work is full of hope for the best. Life is divided into black and white stripes, like milestones. The poetic image of “striped miles” is a poetic symbol that embodies the “striped” life of a person. The author shifts the reader's gaze from heaven to earth: “along the winter road”, “the troika runs”, “the bell ... rattles”, the coachman's songs. In the second and third stanzas, the author uses words of the same root (“Sad”, “sad”) twice, which help to understand the state of mind of the traveler. With the help of alliteration, the poet depicts the poetic image of the artistic space - sad glades. Reading a poem, we hear the ringing of a bell, the creak of skids in the snow, the song of a coachman. The long song of the coachman means long, long-sounding. Sedoku is sad, sad. And the reader is unhappy. The coachman's song embodies the basic state of the Russian soul: "reckless revelry", "heartfelt anguish". Drawing nature, Pushkin depicts the inner world of the lyrical hero. Nature correlates with human experiences. In a small segment of the text, the poet uses the ellipsis four times - the poet wants to convey the sadness of the rider. There is something unsaid in these lines. Maybe a person traveling in a wagon does not want to share his sadness with anyone. Night landscape: black huts, wilderness, snow, striped milestones. All nature is cold and lonely. A friendly light in the window of the hut, which can shine on a lost traveler, does not burn. Black huts are without fire, but “black” is not only a color, but also evil, unpleasant moments of life. In the last stanza again sad, boring. The coachman fell silent, only a “monotonous” bell sounds. The technique of the ring composition is used: “the moon is sneaking” - “the moon face is foggy.” But the long road has a pleasant final goal - a meeting with your beloved:
Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Returning to my dear tomorrow,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.
Through the wavy mists
The moon is creeping
To sad glades
She pours a sad light.On the winter road, boring
Troika greyhound runs
Single bell
Tiring noise.Something is heard native
In the coachman's long songs:
That revelry is remote,
That heartache...No fire, no black hut...
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone.Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.Sounding hour hand
He will make his measured circle,
And, removing the boring ones,
Midnight won't separate us.It's sad, Nina: my path is boring,
Dremlya fell silent my coachman,
The bell is monotonous
Foggy moon face.
Date of creation: November-December 1826
Analysis of Pushkin's poem "Winter Road"
Alexander Pushkin is one of the few Russian poets who in his works managed to masterfully convey his own feelings and thoughts, drawing a surprisingly subtle parallel with the surrounding nature. An example of this is the poem "Winter Road", written in 1826 and, according to many researchers of the poet's work, dedicated to his distant relative - Sofia Fedorovna Pushkina.
This poem has a rather sad backstory.. Few people know that the poet was connected with Sophia Pushkina not only by family ties, but also by a very romantic relationship. In the winter of 1826, he proposed to her, but was refused. Therefore, it is likely that in the poem "Winter Road" the mysterious stranger Nina, to whom the poet refers, is the prototype of his beloved. The journey itself, described in this work, is nothing more than Pushkin's visit to his chosen one in order to resolve the issue of marriage.
From the first lines of the poem "Winter Road" it becomes clear that the poet is by no means in a rosy mood. Life seems to him dull and hopeless, like “sad clearings” through which a carriage drawn by three horses rushes through on a winter night. The gloom of the surrounding landscape is consonant with the feelings experienced by Alexander Pushkin. Dark night, silence, occasionally broken by the ringing of a bell and the sad song of the coachman, the absence of villages and the eternal travel companion - striped milestones - all this makes the poet fall into a kind of melancholy. It is likely that the author anticipates the collapse of his matrimonial hopes in advance, but does not want to admit it to himself. For him the image of the beloved is a happy deliverance from a tedious and boring journey. “Tomorrow, returning to my sweetheart, I will forget myself by the fireplace,” the poet dreams with hope, hoping that the ultimate goal will more than justify a long night journey and allow you to fully enjoy peace, comfort and love.
In the poem "Winter Road" there is a certain hidden meaning. Describing his journey, Alexander Pushkin compares it with his own life, the same, in his opinion, boring, dull and joyless. Only a few events add variety to it, like the coachman's songs, remote and sad, break into the silence of the night. However, these are only short moments that are not able to change life as a whole, to give it sharpness and fullness of sensations.
It should also not be forgotten that by 1826 Pushkin was already an accomplished, mature poet, but his literary ambitions were not fully satisfied. He dreamed of high-profile fame, and as a result, high society actually turned away from him, not only because of his free-thinking, but also because of his unbridled love for gambling. It is known that by this time the poet managed to squander a rather modest fortune, which he inherited from his father, and expected to improve his financial affairs through marriage. It is possible that Sofya Fedorovna still had warm and tender feelings for her distant relative, but the fear of ending her days in poverty forced the girl and her family to reject the poet's proposal.
Probably, the upcoming matchmaking and the expectation of rejection became the reason for such a gloomy state of mind in which Alexander Pushkin was during the trip and created one of the most romantic and sad poems “Winter Road”, filled with sadness and hopelessness. And also the belief that, perhaps, he will be able to break out of the vicious circle and change his life for the better.
Epithets, metaphors, personifications
The text contains the following means of artistic expression:
- personifications - “the moon makes its way, sheds light”, “removing annoying (annoying, superfluous) ones, midnight ... will not separate”, “sad glades” - allow the author to “design” the interlocutor for a long boring journey, give the text liveliness and imagery;
- epithets - "greyhound (frisky) troika", "reckless revelry", "heart longing", "striped versts", "measured circle", "lunar face" - create a unique content and orient the reader to a special emotional perception;
- metaphors - “pours light”, “foggy face” - vividly create an indefinite atmosphere of a lunar evening;
- numerous examples of inversion - “the moon makes its way, pours ... it’s light”, “something native is heard”, “striped miles”, “hour hand”, “my path is boring”, “my circle”, “the coachman fell silent” - allow you to build rhyme and focus on the final word;
- catachresis (a combination of words that are incompatible in meaning, but forming a semantic whole) “pouring sadly” confirms that everything in the poem is imbued with sadness, even light;
- polyunion - "either revelry, then melancholy ...", "neither fire, nor ... hut" - reflect the contradictory mood of the lyrical hero, his ardent desire for human communication;
- lexical repetition - "Tomorrow, Nina, tomorrow to my dear ..." - reflects the impatience of the poet;
- antonyms - "revelry - melancholy";
- numerous omissions - “backwoods and snow ...”, “... only miles come across ...”, “Boring, sad ...” speak of the despair that seized the lonely traveler, his search for consolation and sympathy.
- an oxymoron - “I’ll look without looking enough” - reflects the strength of the feeling of the lyrical hero.
The turnover “versts striped” denotes milestones that were painted in stripes to stand out among the snowdrifts.
The text contains a sign of high style - the word "face". The general painful atmosphere is created by numerous repetitions - “she pours a sad light on the sad glades”, “longing”, “boring, sad ...”, “sad, ... my path is boring”. The lonely traveler's dreams of warmth, comfort, the crackle of a fireplace and a pleasant company are interrupted by the same ringing of a hated bell.
Few of the poets managed to harmoniously intertwine personal feelings and thoughts with descriptions of nature. If you read the verse “Winter Road” by Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich thoughtfully, you can understand that the dreary notes are connected not only with the author’s personal experiences.
The poem was written in 1826. A year has passed since the Decembrist uprising. Among the revolutionaries there were many friends of Alexander Sergeevich. Many of them were executed, some were exiled to the mines. Around this time, the poet wooed his distant relative, S.P. Pushkin, but is refused.
This lyrical work, which takes place in the fourth grade literature lesson, can be called philosophical. Already from the first lines it is clear that the author is by no means in a rosy mood. Pushkin loved winter, but the road he has to travel now is bleak. The sad moon illuminates the sad glades with its dim light. The lyrical hero does not notice the charms of sleeping nature, the dead winter silence seems ominous to him. Nothing pleases him, the sound of the bell seems dull, in the driver's song one hears melancholy, consonant with the gloomy mood of the traveler.
Despite the sad motives, the text of Pushkin's poem "The Winter Road" cannot be called completely melancholic. According to the researchers of the poet's work, Nina, to whom the lyrical hero mentally addresses, is the chosen one of the heart of Alexander Sergeevich, Sofya Pushkin. Despite her refusal, the poet in love does not lose hope. After all, Sophia Pavlovna's refusal was connected only with the fear of a beggarly existence. The desire to see his beloved, to sit next to her by the fireplace gives the hero strength to continue his bleak journey. Passing "striped miles", reminding him of the volatility of fate, he hopes that soon his life will change for the better.
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Through the wavy mists
The moon is creeping
To sad glades
She pours a sad light.
On the winter road, boring
Troika greyhound runs
Single bell
Tiring noise.
Something is heard native
In the coachman's long songs:
That revelry is remote,
That heartache...
No fire, no black hut...
Wilderness and snow... Meet me
Only miles striped
Come across alone.
Boring, sad ... Tomorrow, Nina,
Tomorrow, returning to my dear,
I'll forget by the fireplace
I look without looking.
Sounding hour hand
He will make his measured circle,
And, removing the boring ones,
Midnight won't separate us.
It's sad, Nina: my path is boring,
Dremlya fell silent my coachman,
The bell is monotonous
Foggy moon face.
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