All authors of Ukrainian literature. Modern Ukrainian writers

At the end of the 19th century, on the one hand, a hundred-year period of development of new Ukrainian literature ends, and on the other hand, new qualitative changes appear, which acquire development later - in the 20th century. Thus, the era of the XIX century. represents an integral complex of traditions and innovations in the literary process, united by the unity of ideological and aesthetic patterns.

The work of Ivan Kotlyarevsky is a link between the old and new Ukrainian literature, between the era of artistic "universalism" and a new understanding of artistic creativity as a spontaneous self-expression of the artist's creative potential, free from the fetters of aesthetic normativity, affirming the diversity of artistic forms and means associated both with national traditions, and with the requirements of the new time, its worldview. Keeping in touch with the artistic traditions of previous eras, with the elements of folk art culture, Kotlyarevsky became the first classic of the new Ukrainian literature.

The burlesque-travesty poem by Kotlyarevsky "Aeneid", which is considered the first work of new Ukrainian literature, became the most complete expression of new ideological and aesthetic trends at the turn of the 18th-19th centuries. The first three parts of it, titled “The Aeneid into the Little Russian Language Turned by I. Kotlyarevsky”, were issued without the knowledge of the author in St. participation of I. K. Kamenetsky. In 1808, the second edition of the first three parts appeared, and in 1809 the poem was published in four parts, prepared for publication by the author. The Aeneid was published in its entirety in Kharkov in 1842.

According to I. Franko, even before Kotlyarevsky “we had writing, and there were writers, there was a spiritual life, there were people, one way or another ran out of opinion outside the close circle of everyday, material interests, one way or another they were looking for some ideals and roads for their achievements, but only from the time of Kotlyarevsky Ukrainian literature "takes on the character of new hour literature, becomes closer to real life, more and more suitable to his needs."

Although the plot basis of Kotlyarevsky's poem is Virgil's Aeneid, the Ukrainian author goes his own way. In the third, fifth and sixth parts of the Aeneid, he makes it clear that his poem is not a purely artistic fiction created with the ancient rules of poetics, but is largely based on reality and reproduces national ideas about it. An important material for him is national history, folk customs and life, his own point of view when depicting events. The oppositional attitude of the author towards the old muses, which, according to him, could cover Parnassus “from top to bottom”, should be understood as a denial of the classic poetics that was then widespread in art, cut off from life. He calls for help a new muse - "cheerful, beautiful, young." Following the truth in the depiction of historical life and national customs, Kotlyarevsky also speaks in Natalka Poltavka, as opposed to the play “Cossack Poet Writer” by A. Shakhovsky, who “undertook to write in our way and about us, not seeing any land, not knowing the Customs and our belief."

One of the first talented followers of the traditions of I. Kotlyarevsky in the pre-shevchenko era was P.P. Gulak-Artemovsky, whose literary and social activity is a noticeable phenomenon in the development of national culture.

The first Ukrainian work by P. Gulak-Artemovsky "Real Kindness (Pisulka Gritska Pronozy)", written in 1817 (unfinished and not published during the life of the author), is a lyrical and philosophical message addressed to G. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko as one of the leaders of the "Society of Benevolence ". Calling on him to revive public undertakings for the benefit of society, the poet, by means of allegory, creates a generalized image of goodness as a combination of high moral qualities, she is cheerful and stoically adamant, she is not afraid of the most difficult life trials, in the end she is not afraid to tell the frank truth and “what gentlemen princes” . P. Gulak-Artemovsky, in accordance with the aesthetic concepts of classicism, seeks to affirm civil courage, justice and charity, faith in the power of the human mind. The positive ideal of the writer - the ideal of true goodness - is comprehended from his humanistic - enlightenment ideas about good and evil, about the "natural" equality of man. In the message, P. Gulak-Artemovsky as a whole does not go beyond the abstract personification of virtues and vices, criticism of human shortcomings, but sometimes his moral reflections permeate the motives of public sound - a critical attitude towards the "evil" nobility, defending the interests of a working person. The didactic-moralizing poem "Real Kindness", referring to "high" moral and philosophical problems, written in a playful, burlesque manner with extensive use of the stylistic resources of national folklore (figurative colloquial expressions, vivid metaphors, repetitions, witty sayings and proverbs, etc. ). And this already testified to the violation by the author of the norms of classic poetics.

But also Grigory Fedorovich Kvitka (literary pseudonym Hrytsko Osnovyanenko) entered the history of literature as the founder of new Ukrainian prose and an outstanding playwright, a popular Russian-speaking writer, one of the representatives of the natural school of the period of its formation.

G. Kvitka-Osnovyanenko denied thoughts about the limitations of the Ukrainian literary language. Among the evidence of her rich artistic abilities, he names the work of I. Kotlyarevsky, P. Gulak-Artemovsky, E. Grebenka, as well as "our songs, thoughts, proverbs, sayings, expressions in the annals." He proved by artistic practice its great potency, suitability for expressing the deepest human feelings and experiences.

The main thing for Kvitka-Osnovyanenko was "the desire to show why we have evil", the desire for realistic typification. He, like all enlighteners, believed in the all-conquering power of words and moral example in the fight against evil, created idealized images of a respectable person as a role model.

E. Grebenka has a peculiar place in the literature of the 30-40s of the XIX century. The most valuable part of his artistic heritage is tales, which played a big role in the development of new Ukrainian literature. Like some of his contemporaries, E. Grebenka actively participated in the Russian literary process; the best prose works of the writer due to the characteristic democratic orientation, humanistic tendencies, highly artistic value, written in line with the aesthetics of the natural school. It is no coincidence that I. Franko called E. Grebenka "a talented Russian-Ukrainian writer."

The most significant place in the artistic heritage of E. Grebenka, the Ukrainian language belongs to fables. Based on the achievements of world Baikarism, fruitfully using the folk-satirical traditions of the Ukrainian and Russian fables, E. Grebenka created a number of deeply original, original works of this genre. Glory to him as a fabulist was brought by "Little Russian Sayings" (with a dedication "To my good countrymen and lovers of the Little Russian word"), published in St. Petersburg in 1834 and 1836 pp. They were noted by the then critics as one of the significant achievements of the young Ukrainian writer. So, "Notes of the Fatherland", along with Shevchenko's poetry, ranked them among the works that "without a doubt, will benefit South Russian commoners-readers"

A fairly high assessment was given to the fables of E. Grebenka by N. Kostomarov. In the article “Review of Works Written in the Little Russian Language,” he noted: “His Sayings will always be read with pleasure: the author appeared in them not as a parodist, not as a mocker of the Little Russian people and word, but as a Little Russian fabulist and excellently showed the ability of the Little Russian language to apological works A. Pushkin, I. Krylov, V. Belinsky reacted favorably to them.

But still T.G. Shevchenko is the central figure of the Ukrainian literary process of the 19th century. His work was of decisive importance in the formation and development of new Ukrainian literature, affirming in it universal democratic values ​​and raising it to the level of the world's leading literatures. In his poetry, Shevchenko turned to the topic of problems and ideas (social, political, philosophical, historical, artistic), which had not yet been violated in Ukrainian literature before him or were violated too timidly and socially limited. Enriching Ukrainian literature with new life themes and ideas, Shevchenko became an innovator in search of new artistic forms and means. The author of "Kobzar" produced and approved new artistic thinking. His role in the history of Ukrainian literature is greater than the role of Pushkin in Russian, Mickiewicz - in Polish literature. Its significance in the development of advanced domestic social thought, the social and national consciousness of the people is no less than in the history of poetry.

Shevchenko entered the literary field in the era of the heyday of Slavic romanticism, when a variety of this trend was formed in Ukraine, characteristic of non-state nations (Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbian, Slovenian, etc.), closely associated with the national liberation aspirations of the nation, its revival. The literary process went on rapidly, rapidly, which led to the coexistence and syncretism of poetic systems, in the literatures of state peoples with a “classical” type of development, they changed gradually and for a long time. Awareness of the historical continuity of the ethnic process and the existence of its own cultural and psychological face of the nation, a unique national character and speech, the need for national self-determination led to the rapid development of Ukrainian historiography, folklore, linguistics, conscious work on the development and enrichment of the national literary language.

At the time of the publication of Shevchenko's first "Kobzar", Ukrainian romanticism had been under construction for almost two decades, having passed the stage of collecting and publishing folklore, expanding the arrangement of poems by a number of romantic authors: Polish (A. Mickiewicz, R. Sukhodolsky, S. Goshchinsky, S. Vitvitsky, A. -E. Odintsa), Russians (A. Pushkin, V. Zhukovsky, I. Krylov), Czech and Slovak (V. Hank and J. Lindu, since Chelakovsky, J. Kollar, etc.), German (And .-A. Ulanda, F. Methison, A.-Yu. Kerner, A.-O. Auersperg, A. Helenschleger), individual lyric poems by J.-G. Byron, W. Shakespeare and others.

According to I. Franko, Panteleimon Kulish is "a first-row star in our literature", "one of the luminaries of our literature." laid the foundations of the modern Ukrainian people's patriotic movement.Noting that they "started a new era of Ukrainian literary and spiritual development in general", I. Franko called Shevchenko's "native genius" "the appearance of a too isolated, unusual among the Ukrainian public", namely Kulish - " the first ... truly national Ukrainian writer, i.e., a writer who tried, to the best of his ability, to meet the needs of his public, to portray its views ... and to go along with its national and social development. "Under Malaniuk, new Ukrainian literature had a “double source” and two founders - Shevchenko (“an explosion of the national unconscious”) and Kulish - “the first (in the Renaissance) tension of the national intellect ta."

In 1857 p. Kulishev's Grammar was published - the first Ukrainian primer and book for reading in the Dnieper region. Concerned about the preservation of national memory and the development of a popular scientific style of the Ukrainian literary language, he wrote and published historical essays "Khmelnytsky" and "Vigovshchyna" (both - 1861).

Romanticism in the syncretic worldview system of Kulish turned out to be, in particular, in the Ukrainization of Russoism (farm as a center of national identity, "simple customs", a living folk language, the author of "Letters from a Farm" contrasted with Russified "cities and their orders", where "clouded" "holy our truth") and in a nationally accentuated rethinking of positivist ideas. Kulish considered the “national spirit” as an intrinsically valuable and self-creative force, and Ukrainian as “a nation with its own special task”: presenting how the nation is enslaved, “thirst for truth in the midst of lawlessness”, “our family of the people” is called upon to promote humanism, fair, equal and friendly relations between peoples, the priority of spirit over politics and force. Elevating the organic and irrational over the artificial and rational, he idealized the national antiquity (in the 40-60s - the Cossacks and the element of the people, and in the 80-90s - the princely era, "old Russian"), expressed eschatological ideas.

The most important result of more than half a century of development of the new Ukrainian literature was that in the middle of the XIX century. along with romanticism, realism becomes the main literary trend in Ukraine. The process of its approval has been especially intensive since the beginning of the 1940s.

The accelerated development of literature, the rapid change in its individual ideological and artistic trends and stylistic systems are explained by a combination of many reasons of a socio-political and aesthetic nature.

This process took place in the conditions of the completion of the formation of the Ukrainian nation, the deepening of the crisis of the feudal-serf system, the strengthening of capitalist relations and the growth of revolutionary sentiment in tsarist Russia. The intensification of the liberation struggle directly or indirectly determined the main content and nature of advanced social and political thought, the trends in the development of culture and literature.

The political and spiritual life of Ukraine was tangibly influenced by the revolutionary movement in Western Europe, as well as by a powerful wave of ideas of the Pan-Slavic national-cultural revival.

Specific historical reasons, which lie in the sphere of peculiarities of the social and cultural development of the Ukrainian people, determined both a certain stylistic syncretism and the national originality of the functioning of art trends and styles typical of the then European literatures.

In the transitional 40s - 50s of the XIX century. in Ukrainian literature, a kind of coexistence of burlesque-travesty, romantic and realistic styles was still traced, but with a distinct advantage of the realistic direction. At the same time, burlesque and romanticism did not just go out of literary use; their artistically fruitful and productive elements were assimilated and creatively transformed in a new ideological and artistic direction. The democratic tendencies of burlesque, and the versatile interest of romanticism to Ukrainian folk art, its lyricism and emotionality - in the form and the spirit of protest, and heroic pathos - in the text served as the formation of realism.

The highest achievement of the Ukrainian art of the word is the work of Shevchenko, in which a deep social meaning is combined with a perfect artistic form. Having inherited and continued the best traditions of national literature and mastered the achievements of world artistic culture, Shevchenko created a solid realistic foundation for Ukrainian literature. With him, a new type of artist came into literature, organically connected with the people, the spokesman and ruler of their thoughts and the most progressive social aspirations, humanistic ideals.

40s - 60s of the XIX century. were a period of intense maturation in Ukraine of various political and ideological trends in public life and literature. Shevchenko led the representatives of those orientations in which advanced socio-political and aesthetic ideas were combined with a deep social analysis of reality in artistic creativity. In line with this direction, the work of Marko Vovchok, L. Glebov, S. Rudansky, A. Svidnitsky and others developed.

The assertion of realism was accompanied by an increased attention of literature to various spheres of public life, an expansion of themes and a deepening of social content. In literature, besides the peasant, there are heroes from other social strata (soldiers, students, intellectuals). There is a growing interest in the life of other peoples of Russia, which contributed to the expansion of problems, stylistic range, creative horizons, and the establishment of internationalist motives in Ukrainian literature. This process was also facilitated by personal creative contacts of Ukrainian writers (especially T. Shevchenko, E. Grebenka, Marko Vovchok) with cultural figures of other peoples.

Significant changes are taking place in the genre and style system: genres are diversified and enriched (political poetry, civil lyrics, satire, etc.), forms of narration - from narrative to epic-objective. There is an intensive formation of Ukrainian prose, in particular its major genres - short stories and novels. Ukrainian drama is acquiring new qualitative features. In an effort to reflect the multifaceted life more deeply and more truthfully, the arsenal of visual means is expanding, and the mastery of psychological analysis is developing.

A significant role in the intensification of literary life was played by periodicals - almanacs of the 40s, and later by the first Ukrainian newspapers ("Zarya Galician" and "Dnewnyk Rusky") and magazines ("Osnova", "Vechernits", "Target"), " Notes on Southern Russia", almanac "House", etc.

The accumulation of artistic material put forward the need for its systematization and critical reflection. Literary criticism, formed in the 40s-50s of the 19th century, played a significant role in defending and justifying the rights and opportunities for the development of Ukrainian literature, in improving its language, and in establishing realistic principles.

M. Maksimovich was one of the first in science to connect the process of development of new literature with the traditions of not only folk art, but also ancient literature common to the East Slavic peoples. Fundamentally important were the attempts to consider the work of the writers of Eastern and Western Ukraine as a phenomenon of a single literary process.

Important indicators of the progress of literary criticism were the gradual development of a historical approach to the analysis and evaluation of the literary process in Ukraine (M. Maksimovich, N. Kostomarov), the identification of the genetic and typological commonality of its phenomena with the phenomena of Russian, Polish and other Slavic, as well as Western European literatures. A significant contribution to the formation of the aesthetic and theoretical foundations of literary criticism and their practical application to the analysis of the literary process and its individual phenomena was made by P. Kulish, who became the first professional literary critic.

In the 40s - 60s, the concept of Ukrainian literature as such was gradually formed, which has long-standing rich traditions and by means of the literary language serves all parts of the politically divided Ukrainian people. In the development of this concept, a large role belonged to historical-sociological and philosophical-aesthetic thought, in close relationship with which the formation of Ukrainian literary criticism took place.

As the ties between literary criticism and the progressive social thought of the time deepen, its role in directing the literary process, strengthening the ties between literature and the liberation struggle grows.

The historical trend in the development of Ukrainian literature lies in the fact that, brought to life by the spiritual needs of the people, it in the middle of the XIX century. becomes an important factor in his social life, an integral part of Slavic culture.

Ukrainian literature originates from a common source for the three fraternal peoples (Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian) - Old Russian literature.

The revival of cultural life in Ukraine at the end of the 16th - the first half of the 17th centuries, associated with the development of the Ukrainian nationality, reflected the axis in the activities of the so-called brotherhoods, schools, printing houses. The founder of book printing in Ukraine was the Russian pioneer Ivan Fedorov, who founded the first printing house in Ukraine in Lvov in 1573. The emergence of printing contributed to the growth of the cultural community of the Ukrainian people, strengthened its linguistic unity. In the conditions of the acute struggle of the Ukrainian people against the Polish-gentry oppression and Catholic expansion in the late 16th - early 17th centuries. polemical literature arose in Ukraine. An outstanding polemicist was the famous writer Ivan Vyshensky (second half of the 16th - early 17th centuries). During the liberation war of 1648-1654. and in the following decades, school poetry and drama were rapidly developing, directed against the Latin Uniate dominance. School drama had predominantly religious and instructive content. Gradually, she retreated from narrow-church themes. Among the dramas there were works on historical plots (“Vladimir”, “God's Grace liberated Ukraine from the easily bearable insults of Lyadsky through Bohdan-Zinovy ​​Khmelnitsky”). In displaying the events of the liberation war, elements of realism and nationality are observed. They are amplified in interludes, nativity scenes, and especially in the works of the philosopher and poet G.S. Skovoroda (1722-1794), the author of the collections Kharkiv Fables, The Garden of Divine Songs, and others, which were outstanding phenomena in the period of the formation of new Ukrainian literature.

The first writer of new Ukrainian literature was I.P. Kotlyarevsky (17b9-1838) - the author of the famous works "Aeneid" and "Natalka-Poltavka", which reproduced the life and way of life of the people, high patriotic feelings of ordinary people. The progressive traditions of I. Kotlyarevsky during the period of formation and approval of new literature (the first half of the 19th century) were continued by P. P. Gulak-Artemovsky, G. F. Kvitko-Osnovyanenko, E. P. Grebenka and others. new Ukrainian literature in Galicia were the works of M. S. Shashkevich, as well as works placed in the anthology "Mermaid Dniester" (1837).

The work of the greatest Ukrainian poet, artist and thinker, revolutionary-democrat Taras Shevchenko (1814-1861) finally established critical realism and nationality as the main method of artistic reflection of reality in Ukrainian literature. "Kobzar" (1840) T. Shevchenko marked a new era in the development of artistic creativity of the Ukrainian people. All poetic creativity of T. Shevchenko is permeated with humanism, revolutionary ideology, political passion; it expressed the feelings and aspirations of the masses. T. Shevchenko is the founder of the revolutionary-democratic trend in Ukrainian literature.

Under the powerful influence of T. Shevchenko’s creativity, in the 50s and 60s, Marko Vovchok (M.A. Vilinskaya), Yu. Fedkovich, L.I. -1907) "People's Opovshchennya" ("Folk Stories")," the story "Institute" were a new stage in the development of Ukrainian prose along the path of realism, democratic ideology and nationality.

The next stage in the development of realistic prose was the work of I.S. the writer created truthful images of peasant rebels.

The intensified development of capitalist relations after the reform of 1861 led to a sharp aggravation of social contradictions in Ukrainian society, to the intensification of the national liberation movement. Literature is enriched with new themes and genres, reflecting the originality of new socio-economic relations. Critical realism in Ukrainian prose acquired qualitatively new features, the genre of the social novel arose, works from the life of the revolutionary intelligentsia and the working class appeared.

The intensive development of culture during this period, the activation of social thought, and the intensification of the political struggle contributed to the emergence of a number of important periodicals. In the 1970s and 1980s, such magazines and collections were published as “Friend”, “Gromadsky friend” (“Public friend”), “Dzvsh” (“Bell”), “Hammer”, “Svt> (“Peace” in the meaning of the universe). A number of Ukrainian almanacs appear - "Moon" ("Echo"), "Rada" ("Council"), "Niva", "Steppe" and others.

At that time, the revolutionary-democratic trend in Ukrainian literature acquired significant development, represented by such outstanding writers - revolutionary democrats as Panas Mirny (A. Ya. Rudchenko), I. Franko, P. Grabovsky - followers and continuers of the ideological and aesthetic principles of T. Shevchenko. Panas Mirny (1849-1920) began his literary activity in the early 70s of the 19th century. (“Dashing Beguiled”, “Drunkard”) and immediately took a prominent place in the Ukrainian literature of critical realism. His social novels "Xi6a roar the will, how is the manger povsh?" (“Do oxen roar when the manger is full?”), “Pov1ya” (“Walking”) represent a further stage in the development of revolutionary-democratic literature. A new phenomenon in the literature of the revolutionary democratic trend was the work of I. Ya. Franko (1856-1916) - the great poet, prose writer, playwright, famous scientist and thinker, ardent publicist and public figure. After T. Shevchenko's "Kobzar", the collection of poems by I. Franko "3 Peaks and Lowlands" ("Peaks and Lowlands", 1887) was the most outstanding event in Ukrainian literature of the 80s. In the poems and poems of I. Franko, the high ideological content of revolutionary art, the principles of new, civil poetry, born in the revolutionary political struggle, the poetry of broad socio-philosophical generalizations, are affirmed. For the first time in Ukrainian literature I. Franko showed the life and struggle of the working class (“Borislav laughs”, 1880-1881). I. Franko's influence was enormous, especially in Galicia, which was then part of Austria-Hungary; it was reflected in the work and social activities of writers M.I. Pavlik, S.M. Kovaliv, N.I. Kobrinskaya, T.G. Bordulyak, I.S. Makovei, V.S. M. Gorky, JI. S. Martovich, Mark Cheremshina and others.

The revolutionary poet P. A. Grabovsky (1864-1902), known for his original poetic and critical works published in the 90s of the 19th century, reflected the thoughts, feelings and moods of the revolutionary democracy of the 80s-90s.

A high level of development was reached in the 80-90s by Ukrainian drama, represented by the names of prominent playwrights and theatrical figures M. Starytsky, M. Kropyvnytsky, I. Karpenko-Kary. The works of these playwrights, which are successfully staged on the stage and in Soviet theaters, depict the life and life of the Ukrainian village, class stratification and the struggle of the advanced intelligentsia for progressive art, the struggle of the people for freedom and national independence. The most prominent place in the history of Ukrainian drama belongs to I. Karpenko-Karom (I. K. Tobilevich, 1845-1907), who created classical examples of social drama, a new type of social comedy and tragedy. An ardent patriot and humanist, the playwright denounced the modern system, revealing the social contradictions of bourgeois society. His plays are widely known: "Martin Borulya", "One Hundred Thousands", "Sawa Chaly", "Master", "Vanity", "The Sea of ​​Life".

In the development of literature of the late XIX - early XX century. the work of M. Kotsyubinsky, Lesya Ukrainka, S. Vasilchenko was the highest stage of Ukrainian critical realism, organically connected with the birth of socialist realism.

M. M. Kotsyubinsky (1864-1913) in the story "Fata morgana" (1903-1910) showed the leading role of the working class in the bourgeois-democratic revolution in the countryside, revealed the rottenness of the bourgeois system, exposed the traitors to the interests of the people. Lesya Ukrainka (1871 - 1913) sang the revolutionary struggle of the working class, exposed the reactionary nature of populist and Christian ideals. In a number of artistic and journalistic works, the poetess revealed the reactionary meaning of bourgeois philosophy and affirmed the ideas of revolution, the international unity of workers from different countries. The Bolshevik newspaper Pravda, responding to the death of the writer, called her a friend of the workers. The most significant works of Lesya Ukrainka are collections of political lyrics (“On the wings of a horse”, 1893; “Dumi i mri” - “Thoughts and Dreams”, 1899), dramatic poems “Long Cossack” (“Old Tale”), “In the Forest” , "Autumn Tale", "In the Catacombs", the plays "Forest Song", "Kamshny Gospodar" ("Stone Lord") - are among the best works of Ukrainian classical literature.

In the conditions of the cruel national oppression of the Russian autocracy, along with the creation of works of art, Ukrainian writers carried out a great cultural and educational work. The scientist and realist writer B. Grinchenko was especially active in the national-cultural movement.

The literary process in Ukraine was not ideologically homogeneous; it was a struggle of different social and political forces. Along with the artists of the word democratic direction, writers of liberal-bourgeois, nationalist convictions (P. Kulish, A. Konissky, V. Vinnichenko, and others) spoke.

At all historical stages, Ukrainian literature of the pre-October period developed in close connection with the liberation movement of the people, in organic unity with advanced Russian literature. Writers who expressed the interests of advanced, revolutionary art fought for realism, nationality and high ideological content of Ukrainian literature. Therefore, Ukrainian classical literature was a reliable basis for the creation of a new Soviet literature, born of the October Socialist Revolution.

Ukrainian Soviet literature

Ukrainian Soviet literature is an integral and integral part of the multinational literature of the peoples of the USSR. Even in the early stages of its development, it acted as an ardent fighter for the ideas of socialism, freedom, peace and democracy, for the revolutionary transformation of life on the foundations of scientific communism. The creators of the new Soviet literature were people from the working class and the poorest peasantry (V. Chumak, V. Ellan, V. Sosyurai, etc.), the best representatives of the democratic intelligentsia, who began their activities even before the October Revolution (S. Vasilchenko, M. Rylsky, I. Kocherga, P. Tychina, Y. Mamontov

In the first post-revolutionary years, the books of poets were very popular: V. Chumak "Zapev", V. Ellan "Blows of the Hammer and the Heart", P. Tychyna "The Plow", poems and poems by V. Sosyura, etc. The process of establishing Soviet literature took place in a tense struggle against the enemies of the revolution and the agents of the bourgeois-nationalist counter-revolutionaries.

During the period of restoration of the national economy (20s), Ukrainian literature developed especially intensively. At this time, writers A. Golovko, I. Kulik, P. Panch, M. Rylsky, M. Kulish, M. Irchan, Yu. Yanovsky, Ivan Jle, A. Kopylenko, Ostap Vishnya, I. Mikitenko and many others Young literature reflected the liberation struggle of the people and their creative work in creating a new life. During these years, a number of writers' unions and groupings arose in Ukraine: in 1922, the "Plough" co*oz of peasant writers, in 1923, the "Gart" organization, around which proletarian writers grouped, in 1925, the union of revolutionary writers "Western Ukraine"; in 1926, an association of Komsomol writers Molodnyak arose; There were also futuristic organizations (Association of Pan-Futurists, New Generation). The existence of many diverse organizations and groupings hindered the ideological and artistic development of literature and hindered the mobilization of writers throughout the country to carry out the tasks of socialist construction. At the beginning of the 1930s, all literary and artistic organizations were liquidated, and a single Union of Soviet Writers was created.

Since that time, the theme of socialist construction has become the leading theme of literature. In 1934, P. Tychina published a collection of poems "The Party Leads"; M. Rylsky, M. Bazhan, V. Sosiura, M. Tereshchenko, P. Usenko, and many others come forward with new books. Ukrainian prose writers achieve great success; the novels and stories of G. Epik “The First Spring”, I. Kirilenko “Outposts”, G. Kotsyuba “New Shores”, Ivan Le “Roman Mezhyhirya”, A. Golovko “Mother”, Y. Yanovsky “Horsemen”, etc. The theme of the revolutionary past and contemporary socialist reality is also becoming the main theme in dramaturgy. In the theaters of Ukraine, the plays “Personnel”, “Girls of our country” by I. Mikitenko, “Death of the Squadron” and “Platon Krechet” by A. Korneichuk and others are performed with great success.

During the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945) a third of the entire writers' organization of Ukraine joined the ranks of the Soviet Army and partisan detachments. Journalism is becoming a particularly important genre. Writers appear in the army press with articles, publish pamphlets and collections of articles in which they expose the enemy, and help to educate the high morale of the Soviet people, who have risen to fight the fascist invaders. M. Rylsky (“Zhaga”), P. Tychina (“Funeral of a Friend”), A. Dovzhenko (“Ukraine in Fire”), perform with works of art that depict the heroism and courage of the people, sing patriotism and high ideals of Soviet soldiers, M. Bazhan ("Daniil Galitsky"), A. Korneichuk ("Front"), Y. Yanovsky ("Land of the Gods"), S. Sklyarenko ("Ukraine Calls"), A. Malyshko ("Sons") and others. Ukrainian literature was a faithful assistant to the party and the people, a reliable weapon in the fight against the invaders.

After the victorious end of the Great Patriotic War, writers for a long time turn to the theme of heroism and patriotism, military prowess and courage of our people. The most significant works on these topics in the 40s were A. Gonchar's "Banner Bearers", V. Kozachenko's "Certificate of Maturity", V. Kucher's "Chernomortsy", L. Dmiterko's "General Vatutin", A. Malyshko's "Prometheus", works Ya. Galan, A. Shiyan, Ya. Bash, L. Smelyansky, A. Levada, Yu. Zbanatsky, Yu. Dold-Mikhaylik and many others.

The themes of socialist labor, friendship of peoples, struggle for peace, and international unity have become leading themes in Ukrainian literature throughout the post-war years. The treasury of the artistic creativity of the Ukrainian people was enriched with such outstanding works as the novels by M. Stelmakh "Big Relatives", "Human Blood Is Not Water", "Bread and Salt", "Truth and Falsehood"; A. Gonchar "Tavria", "Perekop", "Man and Weapon", "Tronka"; N. Rybak "Pereyaslav Rada"; P. Panch "Bubbling Ukraine"; Y. Yanovsky "Peace"; G. Tyutyunnik "Whirlpool" ("Vir") and others; collections of poems by M. Rylsky: “Bridges”, “Brotherhood”, “Roses and Grapes”, “Goloseevskaya Autumn”; M. Bazhan "English Impressions"; V. Sosyura "Happiness of the working family"; A. Malyshko "Beyond the Blue Sea", "Book of Brothers", "Prophetic Voice"; plays by A. Korneichuk "Over the Dnieper"; A. Levada and others.

Important events in literary life were the second (1948) and third (1954) congresses of Ukrainian writers. A huge role in the development of Ukrainian literature was played by the decisions of the 20th and 22nd Congresses of the CPSU, which opened up new horizons for the ideological and artistic growth of Ukrainian literature, its strengthening on the positions of socialist realism. The path of development of Ukrainian Soviet literature testifies that only on the basis of socialist realism could the artistic creativity of the Ukrainian people develop rapidly. Ukrainian Soviet literature at all stages of its development was true to the ideas of the Communist Party, the principles of friendship between peoples, the ideals of peace, democracy, socialism and freedom. It has always been a powerful ideological weapon of Soviet society in the struggle for the victory of communism in our country.

In addition to being a good poet, Tychyna was also an excellent musician. These two talents are closely intertwined in his work, because in his poems he tried to create music from words. He is considered to be the only true follower of the aesthetics of symbolism in Ukraine, however, literary critic Sergei Efremov noted that Tychyna does not fit into any literary direction, because he is one of those poets who create them themselves.

However, when Ukraine officially joins the Soviet Socialist Republic, Tychyna becomes a true Soviet writer, a “singer of a new day,” descends to composing praises of the new government and lines like “Tractor in the field dir-dir-dir. We are for the world. We are for the world." For the Communist Party, he left many works, but for posterity - perhaps only the first three collections: "", "", "In the Space Orchestra". But even if after the first of them he did not write a single line, Tychyna would still be enrolled in the ranks of the best Ukrainian poets.

The poet, scientist, translator, leader of the Ukrainian neoclassicists Mykola Zerov in his work has always been guided by the spiritual values ​​and traditions of the world classics verified over the centuries - from antiquity to the 19th century. However, his poems are not the inheritance of classical texts, but the modernization of the culture of the past.

Zerov sought to recreate the harmony between the individual and the world around him, feelings and mind, man and nature. And even in terms of sound, his poems are distinguished by an ordered, polished form, because he used only clear classic poetic meters.

Zerov was an authority not only for his neoclassical colleagues, but also for many other writers, including prose writers. He was the first, and after him all the rest, proclaimed that it was worth destroying the primitive "Liknep" reading material for the masses, which filled the bookshelves of Soviet Ukraine, and directing our literature along the European path of development.

The heir of an ancient Polish noble family, Maxim Rylsky became one of the most famous Ukrainian poets. In the fateful 1937, he changed the apolitical course of the neoclassics to glorify the valor of Soviet workers and peasants, thanks to which he was the only one from the “group” who survived. However, becoming a propagandist, he did not stop being a poet. Unlike the same Tychyna, he continued to write subtle lyrical works dedicated to everyday, everyday life.

However, the real creative revival of the poet falls on the 50s, when the Khrushchev thaw began. The poetic collections of this last period of the poet's life - "", "", "", "" - adequately complete his biography. They synthesized all the best from previous books. Rylsky was mostly remembered for exactly the kind of poet he became in his later days - a supporter of wise simplicity and a melancholy dreamer in love with autumn.

Folk poetic images, which in all their diversity abounded in the Ukrainian poetry of the Romantic era, in the 20th century receive a new development in the work of Volodymyr Svidzinsky. This poet refers to pre-Christian Slavic beliefs, archaic legends and myths. In the structure of his poems, one can find elements of magical rituals and spells, and their vocabulary is replete with archaisms and dialectisms. In the sacred world created by Swidzinski, a person can communicate directly with the sun, earth, flower, tree, etc. As a result, his lyrical hero completely dissolves in such a dialogue with Mother Nature.

Swidzinsky's poems are complex and incomprehensible, they should not be recited, but analyzed, looking for ancient archetypes and hidden meanings in each line.

Antonych was born in the Lemkivshchyna, where the local dialect is so different from the Ukrainian literary language that the latter is hardly understood there. And although the poet quickly learned the language, he still did not master all its possibilities. After unsuccessful formal experiments with rhythm and alliteration in the first collection "", he realized that he was primarily the creator of images, and not the melody of verse.

Antonich turns to pagan motifs, which he organically intertwines with Christian symbols. However, this worldview n "yanoy dіtvaka іz sun kishenі”, as he called himself, is more close to the pantheism of Walt Whitman. He looks like a child who is just beginning to discover the world for himself, so landscapes have not yet become familiar to him, and words have not lost their novelty and beauty.

Olzhych considered poetry to be his true calling, but he was forced to work as an archaeologist in order to earn money for his family. His profession in a sense determined his work. Creating the poetic cycles "Flint", "Stone", "Bronze", "Iron", he brings into Ukrainian poetry new images of Scythia, Sarmatia, Kievan Rus and more. He sings of the distant past, hidden in the ruins of material culture - in jewelry, household utensils, weapons, rock paintings and patterns on ceramic products.

Olzhych was a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN), which also determined the vector of his work. He became the author of heartfelt lines, appealing to the patriotic feelings of readers and urging them to fight for the independence of Ukraine.

Elena Teliga is a civic activist, a member of the OUN, a well-known poetess, who wrote only 47 poems, but even this small creative heritage provided her with an honorable place among our best poets. In her poems, she created the image of a Ukrainian revolutionary woman. Already in the first works, she proclaimed:

І voltage at a glance
Vіdshukati u tmi glibokіy -
Bliskavok fanatical eyes,
And not a peaceful month

Her poems are poetry of high ideological tension, in which there is a direct or veiled call to fight for Ukraine, a proposal to plunge into a mortal risk.

She believed that poetry is not just fiction, but an instrument of influence on the souls of people, so each line places a huge responsibility on the one who wrote it. “If we, poets,” said Teliga, “we write about courage, firmness, nobility, and with these works we ignite and send danger to others, how can we not do this ourselves?” She never backed down from the principles she proclaimed, so when the time came to risk her life, she did it without hesitation. In 1941, Teliga left Poland and illegally arrived in Ukraine, where she was lost a year later. In her cell in the Gestapo, she drew a trident and wrote: “Elena Teliga sat here and from here goes to be shot.”

Pluzhnyk became the most consistent representative of existentialism in Ukrainian poetry. Discarding all the realities of the surrounding reality, he focuses on the inner life, experiences and thoughts of his lyrical hero. Pluzhnik is primarily interested not in the metanarratives of his time, but in global philosophical issues, such as the dichotomy of good and evil, beauty and ugliness, lies and truth. He had a unique ability to express a lot in a few words: in his small, concise poems, he reveals complex philosophical thoughts.

This poet visited almost all Ukrainian literary groups and organizations, and left everyone with a scandal. He was also a member of the Communist Party, from which he was expelled several times, and once party officials even sent him to Saburov's dacha, a well-known mental hospital, for treatment. His work did not fit into any ideological parameters of Soviet Ukraine. Unlike his politicized and patriotic colleagues, Sausyura has always remained only the author of beautiful love lyrics. During his long career, he published several dozen collections. If in his first books he sought to shock the reader with unusual images of the imagists like “ pocі the holes are squashing like grains on patelnі”, then in the latter he created simple and heartfelt poems, for example, “If you pull the daring of the gurkoche” and “Love Ukraine”.

The Futurists, those artistic revolutionaries who proclaimed the death of the old and the emergence of an absolutely new art, were a kind of illusionists, showmen of their time. They traveled around the cities of Eastern Europe, read their poems and found new followers. There were many Ukrainian amateur futurists, but those who wrote in Ukrainian were few. And the most talented poet among them was Mikhail Semenko. Despite the fact that he so vehemently denied the continuity of the aesthetic principles of different eras, his merit to the Ukrainian poetic tradition is undeniable: he modernized our lyrics with urban themes and bold experiments with the form of verse, and also forever entered the annals of Russian literature as the creator of unusual neologisms and bright outrageous images.

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Being a writer is a very important job. It is very important to correctly convey your thoughts to readers. It is especially difficult to be a writer, as there is a stereotype that a man should be a writer. Women, in turn, express their thoughts more vividly and expressively.

Ukrainian writers are a special flavor of Ukrainian literature. They write the way they feel, while popularizing the Ukrainian language, making a huge contribution to its development.

We have selected for you 11 most popular modern Ukrainian writers who brought a lot of high-quality works to Ukrainian literature.

1. Irena Karpa

Experimenter, journalist and just a bright personality. She is not afraid to write candid works, because in them she shows herself real.

Irena Karpa © facebook.com/i.karpa

The most popular works: “50 hvilin grass”, “Freud bi lament”, “Good and evil”.

2. Lada Luzina

Although Lada Luzina is a Ukrainian writer, she still remains Russian-speaking. With writing, Lada Luzina also combines theater criticism and journalism.

Lada Luzina © facebook.com/lada.luzina

The most popular works: "Collection of short stories and novels: I am a witch!"

3. Lina Kostenko

This outstanding Ukrainian writer was banned for a very long time - her texts were not published. But her willpower was always higher, so she was able to achieve recognition and convey her thoughts to people.

Lina Kostenko © facebook.com/pages/Lina-Kostenko

The most popular works: "Marusya Churai", "Notes of a Ukrainian Madman".

4. Katerina Babkina

A poetess who is not afraid to write about forbidden topics. In parallel, he also conducts journalistic activities and writes scripts.

Katerina Babkina © facebook.com/pages/Kateryna-Babkina

The most popular works: "Fire of St. Elmo", "Girchitsya", "Sonya"

5. Larisa Denisenko

A writer who can combine incompatible things. She is an outstanding lawyer, TV presenter and one of the best writers in Ukraine.

Larisa Denisenko © pravobukvarik.pravoua.computers.net.ua

The most popular works: "Corporation of Idiots", "Ponmilkovі Reimannya or Life for the Razklad Vbivts", "Kavovy Smack of Cinnamon"

6. Svetlana Povalyaeva

A journalist who, with her works, can very accurately convey the mood of society.

Svetlana Povalyaeva © Tatyana Davydenko,

During the years of independence, a whole galaxy of writers with an original style, a special style of writing and a variety of genres has formed in Ukrainian literature. More openness, experiments, national flavor and thematic breadth have appeared in modern texts, which allows authors to achieve professional success not only in Ukraine, but also abroad. prepared a list of 25 Ukrainian writers who shape modern literature, which, no matter what the skeptics say, continues to actively develop and influence public opinion.

Yuri Andrukhovych

Without this author, it is difficult to imagine modern Ukrainian literature in general. Creative activity began with the fact that in 1985, together with Viktor Neborak and Alexander Irvanets, he founded the literary association Bu-Ba-Bu. The name of the writer is associated with the emergence of the "Stanislav phenomenon" and interest in modern Ukrainian literature in the West.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: From poetry collections - "Exotic Birds and Roslins" And "Songs for the Dead Pivnya" , from novels - "Recreation" , "Moskoviada" And "Twelve hoops" . No less interesting will be essays from the collection "Devil haunts Syria" , and travelers will like the largest book by Yuri Andrukhovych "Lexicon of intimate places" .

Sergey Zhadan

Probably, there is no more popular author in Ukraine today than Zhadan. Poet, novelist, essayist, translator, musician, public figure. His texts resonate in the hearts of millions of readers (and since 2008 - and listeners - with the release of the first joint album with the "Dogs in Space" group called "Army Sports Club").

The writer actively tours, participates in the public life of the country and helps the army. Lives and works in Kharkov.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: It is worth reading all the poetic collections of the author, and from prose - early novels "Big Mac" , "Depeche Mode" , "Voroshilovgrad" and late "Mesopotamia" (2014).

Les Podervyansky

Outrageous Ukrainian writer, artist, author of satirical plays. Engaged in oriental martial arts. In the 90s, his lyrics were copied from cassette to cassette and secretly passed between teenagers. The complete collection of works "Africa, dream" was published in 2015 by the publishing house "Our format".

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Hero of Our Time" , "Pavlik Morozov. Epic tragedy" , "Hamlet, or the Phenomenon of Danish Katsapism" , "Vasilisa Yegorovna and the peasants" .

Taras Prokhasko

Undoubtedly, the most mysterious Ukrainian writer, who fascinates and calms at the same time with his voice. According to the manner of writing and lifestyle, the author is often compared with the wandering philosopher Skovoroda.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: One of the most significant works of the author is the novel "Uneasy" . Also noteworthy: "Annie's other days", "FM Galicia" , "One and the same" .

Yuri Izdrik

Chief editor of the legendary magazine "Chetver", published since 1990 and aimed at popularizing modern Ukrainian literature. Yuri Izdrik is a poet, prose writer, participant of the musical project "DrumTIatr". Lives and works in Kalush.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: novels "KRK Island" , "Wozzeck & Wozzekurgy" , "Moving Leon" . An interesting creative experiment is a book project with journalist Evgenia Nesterovich Summa , in which the author shares recipes for happiness, love and understanding of the world.

Oleg Lishega

Poet, prose writer, translator of works by Mark Twain, Thomas Eliot, Ezra Pound, David Herbert Lawrence, Sylvia Plath, John Keats. On the one hand, Chinese literature had a great influence on his work, and on the other hand, the works of Ivan Franko and Bogdan-Igor Antonich.

Lyshega is the first Ukrainian poet to be awarded the PEN Club Prize for poetic translation. Unfortunately, the author passed away in 2014.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: the most famous prose book of the writer "Friend Li Bo, Brother Du Fu" longlisted for the BBC Book of the Year Award.

Oksana Zabuzhko

Cult Ukrainian writer, essayist and translator. For the first time, the author was actively discussed in the second half of the 1990s. with the release of her novel "Polyovі doslіdzhennya z ukrainskogo seksu", which caused a real sensation in Ukrainian literature. Since then, she has received many awards, most recently the Angelus Literary Prize of Central and Eastern Europe (Poland) for her book The Museum of Abandoned Secrets.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Pol'ovі doslіdzhennya z ukrainskogo sex" , "Museum of Abandoned Secrets" , "Let my people go: 15 texts about the Ukrainian revolution" , "From mapi books and people" , "Chronicles of Fortinbras" .

Natalya Belotserkovets

The poetess is known to the Ukrainian reader primarily as the author of the poem "We will not die in Paris...", which became a hit performed by the group "Dead Piven". She rarely gives interviews, rarely speaks in public, but her texts can be attributed to the classics of modern Ukrainian literature. Almost no anthology of modern Ukrainian poetry is complete without her poems. Poems by Natalia Belotserkovets are light and deep at the same time, they very subtly set the mood and inspire writing.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: compilation "Hotel Central" .

Bone Muscovites

Poet, prose writer, essayist, literary critic. Since 1991, he has been living in the Chernihiv region in the Cell of the Tea Rose, built with his own hands, doing exclusively literary work. He maintains an author's blog, where he posts poems, reviews and photos. The author of the cult Ukrainian song "Vona" ("Tomorrow I will come to the room..."), which is performed by the group "Lament of Yeremia". In 2015, he received the Taras Shevchenko National Prize for the book Flashes.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: among poetry books "Mislivtsі in the snow" And "Symbol of the Trojans" , prose - "The cell of tea troyand".

Tanya Malyarchuk

Writer and journalist, winner of the Joseph Conrad-Kozhenevsky Literary Prize (2013). Now lives in Austria. The author's texts have been translated into Polish, Romanian, German, English, Russian and Belarusian.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: early novels of the writer - "Burn down. Book of fears" , "How I Became a Saint" , "Speak" , as well as "Biography of the Vipadian Miracle" longlisted for the 2012 Air Force Book of the Year Award.

Alexander Irvanets

Together with Yuri Andrukhovych and Viktor Neborak, in 1985 he founded the Bu-Ba-Bu literary association. Known as Treasurer Boo-Ba-Boo. Those who follow the author's work on Facebook know his witty short poems about current events of our time.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: alternative history novel "Rivne/Rivne" , "Five p'єs", "Ochamirya: The Tale of That Opovidnya" , "Satyricon-XXI" .

Andrey Lyubka

The idol of girls, the owner of the title "the most enviable groom of Transcarpathia", a writer, columnist and translator. Born in Riga, lives in Uzhgorod. The author speaks at many literary festivals, actively travels to various scholarships abroad, writes columns for several publications. Each of his new books causes a lively discussion in social networks and the media.

Worth reading: author's debut novel "Carbide" as well as his collections of poems: "TERORISM" , "Forty bucks plus a tip" and a collection of essays "Sleep with women" .

Irena Karpa

"Writer. Singer. Traveler" is the title of one of the books by Irena Karpa, which, perhaps, best conveys all the incarnations of the author. Recently appointed First Secretary for Cultural Affairs of the Embassy of Ukraine in France. Author of 9 books, numerous publications in the press and the blogosphere. Mother of two daughters.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: early texts - "50 hwilin grass" , "Freud bi weeping" , "Mother of Pearl Porn" .

Dmitry Lazutkin

This writer combines three hypostases - a poet, a journalist and an athlete. Winner of numerous literary awards, black belt (1st dan) in kempo karate, bronze medalist of the World Cup in kickboxing and kick-jitsu, author of 8 poetry collections. Collaborates with the Kozak System group. Many fans know the song "So calm" to the words of the poet. Actively speaks to the army, often travels to the East.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Petrol" , "Good songs about filthy girls" , "Red Book" .

Les Beley

Having made his debut with poetry collections, the author attracted even more attention to himself with the release of the novel "Lіkhіє dev" janostі. Love and hate in Uzhgorod". Written in the style of non-fiction, the work became one of the first documentary novels in modern Ukrainian literature. And for this reason alone it is worth reading. Further filling this niche and the release of a joint book project with the Polish reporter Lukasz Saturchak " Asymmetric symmetry: Polish heritage of Ukrainian-Polish vineyards" only strengthened the writer's position.

Les Beley is also one of the organizers of the all-Ukrainian contest of feature reporting "Self-seeing".

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Likhіє virgins" ynostі. Love and hate in Uzhhorod" , "Asymmetric symmetry: Polish legacy of Ukrainian-Polish vineyards".

Alexey Chupa

The writer was born in the Donetsk region, worked as a machinist at a metallurgical plant. Two years ago, because of the war, he moved to live in Lvov. Since then, he has been actively publishing new works and going on tours.

Two of his books at once - "Homeless Donbass" and "10 Words about Vitchizna" were included in the long list of the BBC Book of the Year 2014 award.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: from prose books "Tasks of my bomb-box" and fresh novel "Cherry and I" .

Elena Gerasimyuk

Young poetess, essayist, translator, winner of several literary awards. It is deservedly called the poetic discovery of 2013. The author's debut poetry collection "Deafness" will appeal to readers of different generations. The poems have been translated into nine languages.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: poetry collection "Deafness".

Sofia Andrukhovych

At the beginning of the 2000s, she made her debut with prose books "Summer of Millennium", "Old People", "Women of Their Men". In 2007, her novel "Somga" was released, which caused a mixed reaction, and some critics called it "genital literature".

After seven years of silence, the writer published, perhaps, her best novel, Felix Austria. This work is a kind of map of Stanislav (Ivano-Frankivsk - author) from the time of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, against which love and not only relationships unfold. She received the 2014 Air Force Book of the Year award for her novel.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Felix Austria" .

Maxim Kidruk

In his 30s, the writer managed to visit more than 30 countries, including Mexico, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, China, Namibia, New Zealand, etc. All these travels formed the basis of his books - "Mexican Chronicles. History One Dream", "Come on the Road to the Navel of the Earth" (2 volumes), "Love and Piranya", "Navizheni in Peru" and others.

The author's works will appeal to those who dream of traveling, but do not dare to go on a journey. Most of the texts are written in non-fiction style, containing detailed instructions on how to get to a particular country, what to try and what to avoid.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Mexican Chronicles. History of a Dream" , "Move to the Navel of the Earth" , "Love and piranji" , "Navizhenі in Peru" .

Iryna Tsylyk

Irina Tsylyk is a native from Kiev. She began her career in poetry and cinema. She has published 8 books and made 3 short films. The author of the words of the song "Turn around alive", which is performed by the groups "Telnyuk Sisters" and "Kozak System".

The poetry of Irina Tsylyk is incredibly feminine, lyrical and sincere. However, like the writer herself.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: poetry collections "Qi" And "Depth of sharpness" and a book for children "Mystoria of one friendship" .

Yuri Vinnichuk

One of the most prolific representatives of modern Ukrainian literature, he was awarded the "Golden Writers of Ukraine" award for the number of books sold. Author of several literary hoaxes, compiler of anthologies of fantasy and fairy tales, translator. He worked as an editor of the well-known newspaper "Post-Postup", where he added materials under the pseudonym Yuzio Observator.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Divy nights" , "Malva Landa" , "Spring games in autumn gardens" , "Tango of death" .

Lyubko Deresh

In recent years, the writer rarely comes up with new literary texts. And at the beginning of the 2000s, he was one of the most popular authors. He published his first novel called "The Cult" at the age of eighteen. The main characters of his works are teenagers who fall in love, use hallucinogenic substances and search for themselves.

Worth reading: early works "Adoration of the lizard" , "Arche" , "Namir!" , "Three drinks" .

Irene Rozdobudko

The writer confidently occupies the niche of "women's literature". Almost every year she publishes new books aimed at a wide audience. For her fertility and popularity, she was awarded the "Golden Writers of Ukraine" award. The author works in various genres. Among her books there are detective stories, psychological thrillers, dramas, a travel story, etc. Therefore, every reader who is looking for light reading on the road in the subway, minibus or bus will be able to find something suitable for himself.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Gudzik" , "Ziv" yalі kviti vykidyat" , "Pasta for the firebird".

Natalia Sniadanko

In 2004, Natalia Snyadanko's story "Collection of passions, or come in handy to a young Ukrainian woman" was published in Poland, which immediately became a bestseller. In his texts, the author often touches on the problems of Ukrainian guest workers and the role of women in society.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Blonde Season Sale" , "Herbarium of Kochantsiv" , "Frau Müller can't afford to pay more" .

Yuri Pokalchuk

About people like him they say "man-orchestra". The writer knew 11 foreign languages, visited 37 countries. His Ukrainian translations saw the light of the works of Ernest Hemingway, Jerome Salinger, Jorge Borges, Julio Cortazar, Jorge Amado.

In the 90s. together with the Dead Piven group, he founded a musical project - Fires of the Great City.

For more than twenty years, the writer has dealt with the problems of juvenile delinquents, and also made a documentary film about a juvenile colony called "Special Attention Zone".

His work "Those on the ground" is considered the first Ukrainian erotic book. Other texts of the author were written in the same vein: "Forbidden Games", "Beautiful Hour", "Anatomy of a Sin". I'm sure they will appeal to a wide audience.

WHAT YOU SHOULD READ: "Forbidden games" , "Beautiful Hour" , "Anatomy of sin" .

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