In today's world, it's hard to argue with the importance of a constant, reliable, and affordable connection to . Now access to the Internet is needed not only at home, from a stationary computer, but access to the network from mobile devices is also of particular importance. Provide a comprehensive connection of the device with the Internet, Internet connection technologies. Today, these are six actively used technologies.

Sustainable Internet Connectivity Technologies

Today we can talk about several used technologies for connecting devices to the Internet:

• – access via analog cable;
• DOCSIS - connection via coaxial cable;
• FTTB - twisted pair connection;
• PON - optical fiber;
• Internet of mobile devices;
• Internet via satellite.

For example, FTTP home Internet technology is common in homes, and mobile Internet in transport.

ADSL

ADSL technology refers to wired Internet connection technology. The essence of the technology is to separate the signal passing through the electric telephone (analog) cable by means of a splitter and a modem device.

The splitter acts as a separator. The modem adapts the signal to send the signal over the broadband connection.

The main advantage of ADSL technology is its availability. To connect the Internet, the user does not need to lay new engineering communications. All Internet connections are made through existing low current lines.

However, this feature of the asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), in addition to plus availability and low price, gives two huge minuses - low speed and low quality.

The speed of such a connection will not exceed 15 Mbps.

DOCSIS

With a big stretch, DOCSIS technology can be compared with ADSL in terms of the principle of signal transmission, only a telephony cable is not used, but a coaxial cable of a television signal is used.

DOCSIS technology was developed for digital television and has evolved from the DOCSIS 1.0 standards to the EuroDOCSIS standard, squeezing 70 Mbps out of the latter.

This standard is suitable for apartments in an apartment building, with a small number of gadgets. However, for a private home, the use of such technology is too expensive.

FTTB

FTTB (Fiber to the Building) is a special case of FTTX (Fiber to x) technology. FTTX is a broadband network architecture in which the backbone is made by fiber optic cable, and the branch from the backbone to the consumer is made by twisted pair cable.

For example, an ISP's office is laying fiber optic cable from the office to apartment buildings. Then offers residents an Internet connection to their apartments. Connection of apartments is done by twisted pair cable.

Depending on the length of the twisted-pair local network, the generalized term - FTTX technology, differs in technologies denoted by:

• FTTN: optical fiber to an outdoor cabinet, perhaps a few kilometers from the customer's premises. End connections are made with twisted pair copper cable.
• FTC: optical fiber to the cabinet located driven from the client's premises.
• FTTB: optical fiber is led to a cabinet located inside the client's premises. The client connection is made with a twisted-pair copper cable.
• FTTH: the fiber reaches the edge of the living space, such as boxes on the outside wall of the house.
• FTD: simplistically, the fiber reaches the room where the computers are installed. (fiber on the table).
• FTTE/FTTZ technology does NOT apply to FTTX. Denotes bringing the optics to the computer.

pon

PON technology is the most advanced Internet signal transmission technology. In this technology, the signal is adapted by an OTN terminal, which is installed for each end user, for example, in an apartment.

This technology has no restrictions on the data transfer rate, but is divided into classes:

• APON / BPON (Broadband PON) - 155 Mbps round trip. Uses ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) protocol;
• EPON (Ethernet PON) 1000 Mbps. The Ethernet protocol (IP) is used;
• GPON (Gigabit PON) - speed from 600 Mbps to 2.5 Gbps. TDM, SDH, Ethernet, ATM protocols are used.

Wireless internet connection technologies

All of the above applies to wired technologies, in which the signal is transmitted through electrical cables. The second group of technologies refers to wireless Internet technologies.

Mobile Internet

Well-known to all owners of portable gadgets, the mobile Internet provides access to the network through mobile communications.

Mobile Internet technologies 3G, 4G and LTE. The speed of mobile Internet connections is up to 10 Mbps.

The relatively low speed of a mobile connection somewhat limits the possibilities of using the network, but it is quite sufficient for mobile access and communication.

Internet connection technologies: Wi-Fi

About WiFi

Wi-Fi technology (Wireless-Fidelity, Wi-Fi) allows you to create a local wireless Internet network, receiving it from a router and distributing it through an access point to mobile devices operating in the IEEE 802.11 standard.

The information technology market is literally overgrown with firms that provide Internet access services. What technologies are not offered today in wireless and wired connections in order to cover the hard-to-reach zone as much as possible, increase the data transfer rate, and improve the quality of communication.

As many people know, first of all, different Internet providers differ among themselves in the type of services provided, namely the type of access to the Internet.

An Internet Service Provider is a company that provides Internet access to customers and provides related services.

There are many different types of internet connection. Among them are broadband, dial-up and wireless communication lines. All of them are able to open access to the Web, although they work on a different principle. Let's consider everything in order.

Ethernet - LAN connection

This is broadband access to the Internet on a separate line. The line laid by the provider is based on fiber optic or copper cable and allows you to transfer data at a very impressive speed. An optical fiber cable differs from a copper one in that glass or plastic acts as the main material in it, and information is transmitted through it not by an electric signal, but by a light signal. This allows you to broadcast a signal with minimal attenuation and maximum transmission speed.

Dedicated line

Under the copper cable, twisted pair is most often meant. Information is transmitted through it by an electrical signal. Twisted pair, unlike optical fiber, has a significant signal attenuation and is subject to electromagnetic interference. To increase the length of the communication channel, cables with protection against interference should be used, and to reduce the signal attenuation coefficient, special correctors or signal buffers should be used.

Do ISPs actually do this? Typically, fiber optic cable is used to connect a sub-provider to a backbone provider and connect various buildings (homes, hotels) to the global network, and then twisted pair goes.

GPON technology (gigabit passive optical network) is already actively developing. Its essence lies in the fact that the provider brings a fiber optic cable directly to your apartment and puts a special junction box. As a result, you technically have the ability to connect to the global network at a speed of 1 Gb / s, in other cases, the speed will not exceed hundreds of Mb / s.

Modem connection (ADSL / Dial-Up)

Dial-up access to the Internet through a regular telephone line using a modem. Exists as the old Dial-Up technology or the more advanced ADSL. Connection with a provider via ADSL, unlike Dial-Up, makes it possible to surf the Internet and make phone calls in parallel. This is achieved through an ADSL splitter that separates the telephone signal into a regular telephone signal and a high-frequency modem signal.

Compared to a leased line connection, the advantage of a dial-up connection is the use of existing infrastructure - telephone cables. This is where the plus of this type of connection ends. The maximum data transfer rate for Dial-Up is 56 Kbps, and for ADSL technology 24 Mbps. Given the condition of most telephone lines, there may not be such indicators about the stability of the connection. As you understand, the telephone line loses in all respects to the leased line, given the steady growth of multimedia and the volume of transmitted data. Just a few years ago, this type of connection was considered one of the best, but today it has practically become obsolete despite its active use.

Internet connection using DOCSIS technology

Literally, DOCSIS is translated as a data transmission standard over a coaxial (TV) cable. The transfer of information according to this standard is carried out to the client at a speed of 42/38 Mbps, and from the user 10/9 Mbps. It should be noted that the bandwidth in this technology is divided between all connected participants who are currently receiving or sending a stream. Therefore, the available bandwidth at the time of transmission or reception of data for each participant can vary widely.

This method is implemented through a special modem. This is a cable modem for DOCSIS technology with a built-in network bridge, which makes it possible to exchange data over a coaxial or optical cable in two-way mode. In the network of such a provider, there is a CMTS device - Cable Modem Termination System. In a simple way, this device is a large modem in the backbone network to which subscriber modems are attached.

From an economic point of view, laying a coaxial cable for the sake of getting Internet access is not very reasonable, it’s better to build a dedicated line, because such a line is better in terms of characteristics, but if there is already a TV cable and the operator provides such a service, then why not take advantage. However, if a provider can offer Internet using FTTB, PON or HCNA technologies, then for a number of technical advantages it is better to choose one of them instead of DOCSIS.

Mobile Internet access (GPRS, EDGE, 3G)

This type of connection is popular because it allows you to access the Internet even where there is no telephone or leased line. You can connect to an Internet provider using a USB 3G modem or using a regular mobile phone that supports the modem function. A USB modem is visually similar to a USB flash drive and has a slot for installing a SIM card inside.

Connecting to the Internet via a USB modem or mobile phone is performed by contacting the base station of the mobile operator with which the SIM card is registered, and depending on what equipment is installed at the mobile provider, communication is established using GPRS, EDGE, 3G or 4G technology. Thus, after connecting a USB modem or phone to a computer, you will get access to the Internet using one of the mentioned technologies.

Mobile Internet has a rather unstable connection and sometimes not high speed, but as they say, it’s better than nothing. The maximum data transfer rate in the presented technologies averages 30-60 Kbps in GPRS; 100-256 Kbps in EDGE; 144 Kbps - 3.6 Mbps in 3G and 4G can exceed 100 Mbps, and for fixed subscribers it can be 1 Gbps.

The speed may in some cases be higher, but in practice it is usually lower. The mobile Internet, of course, has its drawbacks, but being able to access the Internet from anywhere in the country where there is a cellular connection captivates many.

Internet via satellite

To connect even to one-way satellite Internet, you will need a set of special equipment. The minimum input package includes a satellite dish, an amplifier-converter, a satellite receiver, an RG-6 type cable of the required length and a pair of F-connectors.

For two-way satellite Internet, you already need a transceiver antenna (about 1.2 - 1.8 meters in diameter), a transmitting BUC converter and a receiving LNB unit and a satellite modem, to which you can connect not one, but several computers and provide them with Internet access .

Satellite Internet

With two-way Internet access, no additional channels are needed, since data is sent and received via satellite. Many satellite Internet operators can offer both unlimited packages and pay-per-traffic tariffs. Two-way satellite Internet for some operators is faster than 3G technology, and the speed in Ka-band can be 20 Mbps.

The disadvantages of satellite Internet include the high cost of equipment, the complexity of setting up and a decent response time. Typically, this type of communication is used in the most remote corners, where there are no other communication options.

Internet connection using WiMax technology

In addition to other types of Internet connections, you should pay attention to the very interesting WiMax technology. Typically, this technology is used where DOCSIS cable Internet is not available, there is no dedicated network in the house or office, or there is no telephone line for ADSL connection. Access to the global network using WiMax technology, as well as satellite connection, in such cases is often an excellent choice.

WiMax technology is theoretically designed for a speed of about 70 Mbps, but in fact it is usually several times less. To connect to the Internet via WiMax, you should contact the appropriate provider, which will determine from the network coverage map whether the desired location is supported by the coverage area. If it turns out that the place does not fall within the coverage area, then specialists will need to determine the distance to the nearest base station to you.

It is desirable that the base station is in direct line of sight from the subscriber, and the distance is no more than 10 kilometers. Depending on the results obtained, you will need to select the desired WiMax modem and antenna with the required gain. In addition, you need a cable to connect the antenna to the modem and a USB extension cable to connect the modem to a computer or switch.

The cost of accessing the network depends on the type of Internet connection. In the most general form, types are divided into wired and wireless. The first group includes all connection methods associated with pulling a cable to the subscriber's apartment. The cable can be telephone or intended only for the Internet, such a line is called a dedicated line. A wireless connection is a setting for network access through a special antenna. In the article we talk about the listed options in more detail and advise which type of Internet connection is better to choose.

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What are the types of Internet connections

dial-up access

This is a dial-up connection over the telephone network. To set up, you must have a home phone and a telecom operator whose equipment is powerful enough to provide access to the network.

The inconvenience of a dial-up connection is that the connection to the network occurs through the same line as dialing. Therefore, the simultaneous use of the Internet and the phone is not possible. In addition, on average, such a connection allows you to access the network at speeds up to 56 Kbps. Few online games work with this connection, and downloading files can take several weeks.

Now, dial-up connections are common in areas where population density or terrain features do not allow for broadband Internet.

Connection via asymmetric digital subscriber line

In another way, it is called ADSL. This is another type of modem connection. It also requires a telephone line, but a digital modem allows you to dial up and go online at the same time. The line bandwidth with this type of Internet connection is higher than in the method described above. It provides the subscriber with a fairly high speed of access to the network - up to 24 Mbps on average. The load on the line is distributed asymmetrically - the incoming connection is faster than the outgoing one (speed up to 1.4 Mbps). Because of this, it takes longer to upload files to the server.

Connection via cable TV

This is the type of access that is provided according to the DOCSIS standard - data transmission via a television cable. Usually it is used in the absence of Internet providers in the house. With it, you can get speeds from 27 to 50 Mbps. To set up access, you must have cable TV in the house and a special modem.

Access via Ethernet cable

Ethernet is a dedicated line. It is used to connect a computer to a network directly or through a Wi-Fi router. The bandwidth of such a channel is higher than in the case of ADSL or TV cable. The data transfer rate is from 50 Mbps in both directions - both from the computer to the server and vice versa. You can connect only if you have broadband Internet in the subscriber's home.

Connection via GPON

GPON is a technology for setting up network access through a personal fiber optic line. It is conducted from the provider's equipment directly to the subscriber's apartment. This type of network connection setup provides a maximum data transfer rate of up to 1 Gb/s. To connect, it is necessary to stretch a cable from the common line to the subscriber's apartment and install an optical modem. While the technology is not available in all regions.

More common than GPON is fiber optic and twisted pair connection. At the same time, an optical cable is pulled to an apartment building, and the Internet is distributed to subscribers using a twisted pair cable. The throughput of such a channel is lower.

Antenna access setup

This group includes radio, mobile, satellite Internet. Antennas are required to set up access using the listed channels.

Radio Internet works through an access point provided by the provider. The signal from it extends to a certain radius and enters the subscriber's equipment through an antenna installed in the apartment. Then, using a modem, the signal is sent to the computer. If the access point is far away, the signal may be too weak. In this case, in addition to the antenna, signal amplifiers are used.

Mobile communication works through antennas installed in cell phones or USB modems, no additional equipment is required. This type of Internet connection is the most affordable, but has a low bandwidth compared to a wired leased line connection.

Satellite communication is established through street antennas directed at the satellite. Due to the long distances that the signal must travel, it usually arrives with a delay. Other disadvantages of connection include low connection speed, unstable operation in bad weather, high cost of equipment and subscription fee. However, in some areas, satellite is the only connection available.

How to find out the type of Internet connection

If your device is connected to the network, you can find out the access method through the settings. Just go to the "Network and Sharing Center" on Windows computers or "Network" for Mac. There will be information about the available connection options and the current connection method. If the Internet is not working at the moment or you need more detailed information, contact the technical support of your provider.

What type of internet connection to choose

Much depends on the telecom operators available in the house and your needs. Dial-up access provides a slow connection and is inconvenient to use. It can only be selected if other types of network setup are not available to you.

If you want to connect to the Internet through your phone, ADSL is more suitable. Through such a channel, you will get a speed sufficient for normal surfing: launching most online games, downloading movies, watching online videos. If you plan to use "smart home" technology and want to set up digital TV via the Internet, learn about the possibility of replacing the telephone cable with fiber optics using GPON technology, while simultaneously connecting the telephone, Internet and television. It will cost more, but all three services will be provided through one cable. The throughput of such a line is much higher than that of analogues.

If you do not have the opportunity to run a wire into the apartment, consider radio Internet or mobile communications. The disadvantage of the first is the need to install an antenna at home, the disadvantage of the second is the low connection speed.

Satellite access should only be considered if you have no other way to connect to the network.

How to determine the type of internet connection available in your home

Use the form for selecting a provider at the address of residence on our website. Enter the city name, street and house number. The system will automatically select a list of available telecom operators for you. You can see their tariffs, get advice about the service and arrange a connection.

We will mention this type of connection purely out of respect for history: dial-up access was relevant at the end of the last millennium. To ensure communication, a telephone network and a modem were used, which was connected to the station's modem. The maximum possible speed was less than 58 Kbps, and the tariffs were extremely limited.

It is necessary to talk about xDSL mainly in a historical context, since at one time this technology was a breakthrough, but today it is of little relevance for residents of large cities. The maximum speed available to a leased line user is 24 Mbps. Compared to the dial-up access used before XDSL, the progress is clear. The advent of technology led to the transition from limit tariffs to unlimited ones.

FTTB (ETTH)

FTTB is the next technology after xDSL, which is currently the most widely used in the entire civilized world. The principle of operation is simple: a switch is located in the entrance, which is connected to the station of the Internet service provider. A twisted pair cable is connected to the apartment, which is connected to a PC or a special router. The main advantage is the favorable ratio between Internet speed and cost. The maximum possible speed is 1 Gbps.

The most progressive and modern method among the existing ones, involving the organization of a gigabit channel with Triple Play services. To ensure the connection, a special optical cable is carried out, which is connected to the appropriate equipment; converters, sfp module, optical terminals are used. In fact, xPON technology is gradually replacing FTTB, and the business Internet is often used by companies whose work involves the need to transfer large amounts of information.

Since almost every person today has a modern smartphone, mobile Internet is very widespread. It is pointless to discuss its advantages in detail because of their obviousness; the main plus is the ability to have an Internet connection literally “at hand”, the main disadvantage is limited limits. In recent years, the speed has grown significantly: if earlier GPRS and 3G were in use, today they have been replaced by 4G technology. The maximum speed of the latter is 300 Mbps (theoretically); in fact, it is usually much lower. To organize the connection, USB modems and routers are installed.

Satellite Internet is another progressive branch, divided into two subtypes: one-way and two-way. The first - also called asymmetric - involves the use of communication with the satellite exclusively for receiving information, while conventional communication is used for transmission. The second - symmetrical - is more progressive, since it also allows the transfer of information, however, expensive equipment will be required to implement such a connection; the rates are also very serious. The only, albeit extremely significant, advantage is the ability to gain access anywhere in the world (up to the depths of the taiga).

The vast majority of modern devices - TVs, phones, smartphones - have a built-in Wi-Fi moduleproviding a stable connection to the Internet within a certain area. Large ones are held mainly in large cities and in crowded places of a large number of people. The trend is towards WiMAX, which will replace conventional telecommunications due to ease of deployment and scalability.

23. 05.2017

Blog of Dmitry Vassiyarov.

What are the ways to connect to the Internet?

Hello.

Are you going to change your provider or get another access point to the World Wide Web? Then you should know what types of the Internet there are, or rather, connections to it. The speed and convenience of work, as well as the amount you spend on connection and use, will depend on your choice.

The Internet has become so commonplace for a modern person that few people think about what kinds of it exist and how it improved to the result that we have now. Interesting to know? We read the article.

Wired connection

Let's start with the fact that you can connect to the global network using wires or without them. The first option, as a rule, implies a higher speed and stability of the connection. But, as you understand, it is suitable if you are going to use the Internet stationary. And there is? For you, I will talk about modern types of wired connections and what preceded them.

dial up

One of the most internet connections. Remember the times when users were on the Internet, and because of this, it was impossible for them to get through to a landline phone? They had a dial-up connection.

Physically, it looked like this: the subscriber had a modem that, when connected to the Internet, dialed the pool number and connected to the device at the provider's station.

The speed of such a connection was 56 kbps. Moreover, the tariff was determined not by the services provided, but by the time spent on the network.

It could even be half an hour.

xDSL (ADSL, VDSL, SHDSL)

First broadband internet. What does it mean? This type of connection is implemented via fiber optic cable or modem, and is faster than its predecessor. Also, when a subscriber is surfing the Internet, he is also available by phone. This was made possible by separating frequencies for data transmission and conversations.

In the name of a family of technologies, the symbol "x" conventionally denotes the first letter of a particular subspecies. DSL from English stands for Digital Subscriber Line, which in translation is a digital subscriber line. Connection types differ in information encoding and data transfer rate. It is considered the most high-performance - up to 24 Mb / s.

As you understand, this connection no longer meets modern requirements, so now it is practically not found.

FTTx

This type of connection is the next stage in the development of broadband network after xDSL. It works according to the following scheme: in an apartment building or near private houses, a switch is installed, connected to the provider's station using a fiber optic wire; a twisted pair cable is connected to the client's house, inserted either directly into the computer or into the router.

Under the abbreviation FTTx, a family of Internet types is collected. It stands for "fiber to the x", which means fiber to the point "x". Instead of the last character, different letters can be specified:

• N (node) - network node.
• C / K (curb / kerb) - means: to the quarter, microdistrict.
• DP (distribution point) - distribution point.
• P (premises) - in general: before the premises. The most common option includes 2 subspecies: B (building) - the cable reaches the building boundary (foundation, basement, technical floor), H (home) - directly to the apartment or house.
• D/S (desktop/subscriber) - optical fiber is pulled into a media converter or terminal located near the subscriber's desktop.

E/Z (telecom enclosure/zone) - connection from the server room to the workplace.

The FTTx family is popular these days because it offers decent quality at an affordable price. Do you want to get high-speed Internet, television and telephone communications in one bottle? Choose this option. If all 8 cores in the cable are used and good equipment, your connection speed will be approximately 1 Gbps.

Take a look at the alternative. With the help of fiber optic and twisted pair connection is made to the global network and through another technology - Ethernet, which also provides high-speed data transfer at speed. By the way, Ethernet subtypes have already been developed with indicators of 2.5, 5, 10 Gb / s and higher.

Another family of modern broadband connections. Depending on the connection method and Internet speed, other letters are written instead of “x”. The abbreviation contains the phrase "passive optical network", which translates as "passive optical network". In fact, it looks like a tree-like fiber-cable architecture with passive fan-outs at the nodes.

Simply put, one transceiver module is used for many subscribers. The cable is laid directly to the client's home and is included in the media converter, terminal or sfp module of the switch. Hence, all its resources are used by one person. Therefore, Internet failures due to network congestion are excluded.

By connecting xPON, you will be able to use gigabit internet and other Tripple Play services (cable TV and telephony).

Satellite Internet

This type of Internet is also becoming a thing of the past, because it requires high connection costs. Judge for yourself: the subscriber needs to have at least an expensive satellite dish and receiver, as well as pay a lot to the provider for the provision of services. Although in return you get unlimited in tandem with digital television.

The organization of satellite Internet is carried out in two ways:

• Unilateral (asymmetric). Data is received via satellite and transmitted via either 3G/4G or cable.
• Bilateral (symmetrical). Reception and transmission of information is carried out through a satellite channel.

Nowadays, you can consider the option of connecting via satellite if the Internet is required, for example, in a remote village or a house in the forest. That is, where there is no opportunity to spend and poorly catches mobile communications.

Wireless connection

With the regular release of new products among smartphones and tablets, wireless Internet has gained popularity. Compared to a fiber-optic wired connection, it eliminates being tied to one place, but, as a rule, is inferior in speed.

This type of Internet can be divided into two main categories: the one provided by mobile operators and home or public through a WiFi router.

Mobile connection

It all started with 2G (GSM) technology, which was developed for telephone conversations. When it was necessary to transmit data, an add-on for this channel appeared - GPRS: information is collected in packets and sent via unoccupied voice channels at a speed of 171 Kbps.

Very slowly, right? The developers also understood this, as a result of which they came up with another add-on - EDGE, which allows you to exchange data with a maximum speed of 474 Kbps.

3G

The needs of users were constantly growing, because of this, EDGE resources became insufficient. Thus, a technology was born that remains popular today. It provides speeds up to 3.6 Mbps.

To connect, you need a modem that is inserted into a computer or distributes the Internet via. Many gadgets have a built-in device for 3G. Services are provided, as a rule, by the same mobile operators.

This technology combines 5 data transmission standards, but CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) is the most widely used.

4G

An advanced technology that has not yet displaced the previous generation due to insufficient number of coverage points and high cost. In 4G, the data transfer rate has been increased to 100 Mbps when traveling with a gadget, and up to 1 Gbps for landline subscribers.

This became possible due to the fact that communication is not divided into voice and Internet - only the latter is valid. In this case, there are also several standards: WiMax and LTE.

WiFi

Many people use this term daily, but few people know what it actually means. The abbreviation was formed from the English phrase "wireless fidelity", which translates as "wireless fidelity".

But now “Wi-Fi” is used as a separate, independent concept.

Among the wireless types of Internet, Wi-Fi is the highest speed (up to 100 Mbps). It is based on radio signals: they are supplied by the provider, and you only need to have a receiver. It can be a router, a special module for a stationary computer, a smartphone, a tablet, etc.

That's all.

I wish you pleasant communication and fruitful work on the Internet, no matter which type of connection you choose.