When caring for a young garden, good development and fruiting of fruit trees cannot be achieved without the systematic use of fertilizers, especially in areas of the non-chernozem zone.

For the successful growth of trees in young garden, accelerating their entry into the time of fruiting and creating conditions for further high and regular yields is of great importance fertilizer application. The best results are shown by the combined application of organic and mineral fertilizers.

The use of organic fertilizers in the care of a young garden

Wide range of care applications young garden should get first organic fertilizers(manure, compost, peat, peat feces and others), which not only provide the nutrients necessary for trees, but also improve the soil structure, which is destroyed by digging and frequent loosening.

Manure is brought in in the fall, for digging the soil, having previously scattered it evenly on the surface of the near-stem circle in the amount of 4-6 kilograms per 1 square meter. This will amount to 15-20 kilograms for one two-three-year-old tree, 30-40 kilograms for a five-six-year-old tree, and 50-70 kilograms for a seven-ten-year-old tree.

Compost also has a good effect on fruit trees. Compost is prepared from household waste in specially arranged heaps. Compost heaps are a must for every household. Compost can be made from tree leaves, fallen needles, vegetable tops, weeds, rotten straw and chaff, soot, house rubbish, kitchen waste, road dust, etc.

The compost heap is made 1.5-2 meters wide (at the base), 1-1.5 meters high and of any length (depending on the amount of material). Lay it on a special cleared and rammed area. Tops, house debris and other household waste and weeds, when laid in a compost heap, are interbedded with soil. The soil layer should be 5-6 centimeters thick. Compost, so that it is always moderately moist, is watered from time to time or, even better, with slop or slurry. It is useful to add lime, crushed limestone and ash to the compost.

Once or twice a summer (after two or three months), the compost heap is thoroughly shoveled and laid again. Shoveling accelerates the decomposition of waste. When the compost turns into a homogeneous mass, it can be used for fertilizer. Norms, terms and depth of composting are the same as for manure.

Valuable fertilizer when caring for a young garden is "night gold" (faeces). It is better to mix it with peat, to prepare the so-called peat faeces. For this purpose, they take fine, well-decomposed peat, put it in a layer of 20 centimeters and pour it abundantly with liquid feces. After watering, a second layer of the same thickness is laid on the first layer of peat and also watered, and this is done until the pile reaches a height of 1.5 meters. After that, it is covered with peat and left to decompose.

Peat feces can also be prepared directly in cesspools - latrines. To do this, peat is poured into the pit every two or three days and mixed with a pole with the contents of the pit. Peat feces is a very strong fertilizer: its application rate is two to three times lower than the rate of manure.

In areas where there is no peat, compost, manure and even ordinary soil are used to prepare fecal fertilizers.

When caring for a young garden, bird droppings should also be used. It is applied at 100-150 grams per 1 square meter of the trunk circle. But it is better to give this fertilizer in the form of liquid top dressing in the first half of summer.

Good fertilizer - furnace ash, containing potassium, phosphorus and lime. Ashes are added at about 100-150 grams per 1 square meter (a glass of furnace ash weighs about 125 grams). The use of ash gives particularly good results on soddy-podzolic soils of the non-chernozem zone, lowering their acidity. In this case, the application rate of ash is increased by at least two to three times.

As a fertilizer, you can use pond, lake and river or decomposed garbage from landfills.

The use of mineral fertilizers for young garden care

If there are mineral fertilizers, then you need to use them.

They are divided into nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, montan nitrate), phosphoric (superphosphate, tomasslag, phosphate rock) and potassium (potassium salt 30- and 40% and potassium chloride). Nitrogen mineral fertilizers have a good effect on the growth of trees in most areas. Better everywhere is a complete mineral fertilizer, including nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Mineral fertilizers contribute at the rate of approximately 8-10 grams of the active ingredient of each type of fertilizer per 1 square meter. For example, ammonium sulphate (ammonium sulfate) contains 20 percent nitrogen. Therefore, 40-50 grams of ammonium sulfate must be added per 1 square meter.

In one glass, it will fit from 150 grams (superphosphate, ammonium sulfate) to 250 grams (potassium salt) mineral fertilizers.

The amount of mineral fertilizers that must be applied under one tree, depending on its age and the size of the trunk circle, is shown in the table.

Montane saltpeter contributes 20 percent, and ammonium nitrate 40 percent less than ammonium sulphate. Double superphosphate contribute two times less than usual.

Phosphorus and potash fertilizers, and partly nitrogen fertilizers, are applied in autumn, for deep digging. These fertilizers are best applied in granular form. Phosphorus and potash fertilizers can also be applied in liquid form in pockets into wells made with scrap, 30-40 centimeters deep; wells are made approximately two pieces per 1 square meter.
The main mass of nitrogen fertilizers (about two-thirds) is better to apply in the spring, during the first spring loosening.

Approximate amount of mineral fertilizers applied under one tree (in grams):

Diameter (width) trunk- leg circle (in meters)	Square trunk- leg circle (in sq. meters)	ammonium sulphate			Superphosphate			Potassium salt 40%
		when fertilizing			when fertilizing			when fertilizing
		weak	average	| strong	weak	average	strong	weak	average	| strong
2 3 4 5	3 7 12 20	100 200 400 600	150 300 600 900	200 400 800 1200	150 300 550 850	225 450 800 1300	300 600 1 100 1700	50 100 200 300	75 150 300 450	100 200 400 600

• With the combined use of mineral and organic fertilizers, their application rates are halved against those indicated.
• When mixing fertilizers, you must follow the established rules. It is best to mix them just before applying to the soil.

Fertilizing fruit trees young garden care

Great value for at In the course of a young garden, fruit trees are fed, which is widely used by the foremost gardeners.

For top dressing, first of all, you need to use local organic fertilizers.: slurry, urine, fermented solutions of bird and cow droppings, etc. For liquid feeding, slurry and animal urine are diluted with 5 parts of water, and feces and bird droppings are diluted with 10-12 parts.

You can also feed fruit trees only with nitrogen or complete mineral fertilizer.

Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form.. With dry soil, the near-trunk circles are pre-watered before top dressing. In case of fractional application, the indicated average rate is divided into parts according to the number of top dressings: each time the corresponding part (half or third of the rate) is applied. The first top dressing is given in the spring, during bud break, the second - two or three weeks after the first, during increased shoot growth (in the central regions - in June), and the third - two to three weeks after the second.

Considering that nitrogen fertilizers, if applied untimely, cause a delay in growth, they should be fed only during spring and the first half of summer or late autumn.

It is necessary to fertilize the garden annually on poor soils and once every two or three years on the rest. In the first year after planting, they are limited to mulching tree trunks with manure, humus, compost, etc.

Podzolic soils, in addition, should still be limed. Lime or ground limestone is applied once every five to seven years, on average, 1.5 kilograms per 1 square meter. The best time to apply lime is autumn.

Video: How and what to fertilize fruit trees

In this video, an expert will tell you about how to properly fertilize fruit trees and what exactly.

Video: Apple Orchard Technology

When caring for a young garden, it is necessary to ensure the survival of all planted fruit trees, create conditions for good growth of seedlings and build the correct tree crown, as well as ensure early entry of trees into the fruiting season.

For good development of the garden and high fruitfulness, plants must be periodically fed with fertilizers. Moreover, the fruit-bearers will have to be fed throughout the growing season. The topic of this article is - feeding trees in spring. We will tell you how it is desirable to feed the plantations and how many times during the spring period the garden will need to be saturated with flavoring compounds.

Attention! Experienced gardeners to the rescue! We will select the best fertilizers for your garden and feed each tree with the necessary portion of "yummy"! Contact us and become the owner of the most fruitful planting in the area! :)

Fertilizing fruit trees in spring

As soon as the plants begin to wake up from their winter sleep, they can be slightly fed with nitrogen-containing compounds. They activate the vegetation processes, as a result of which the garden will wake up a little faster and the plantings will actively grow.

Feeding trees in early spring is reduced to the introduction of nitrogen into the soil. To saturate the fruit-bearing plants with such an important trace element, urea (karbofos) or ammonium nitrate is suitable. The foliar feeding method is not used during this period of time: the trees are not yet covered with sufficient foliage, so the absorption of fertilizer through the crown will not bring the desired result. Root feeding will occur gradually. As precipitation falls, useful microelements will move to the roots, the root processes will absorb them, after which the microelements are transported to all parts of the plant by tree sap.

Top dressing of trees in spring with urea is carried out and during flowering. Carbamide is diluted with water in a ratio of 1:35, that is, for 1 ten-liter bucket of water, there are about 250-300 grams of urea. Urea is introduced into the trunk circle. Depending on the age of the plantations, flavoring compounds are applied to a certain zone of the circle. Below we give a scheme for applying dressings.

After the plants have faded, you can feed the soil with organic matter. Top dressing of bushes and trees in the spring after flowering comes down to applying one of the following fertilizers to the soil:

• slurry (about 0.5 liters per bucket of water);
• green fertilizer (proportion 1:10 when mixed with water);
• chicken manure (about 300 grams of dry manure per 10 liters of water).

Watch the dosage of fertilizers. With a strong consistency (high content of the active substance), the flavoring composition can harm the plantations - injure the roots. If you plan to feed young trees in the spring, dilute the fertilizer more.

By the way, up to 2 years of age, seedlings do not require additional feeding, provided that they do not show signs of a lack of certain trace elements. If symptoms of deficiency of certain substances are detected, young fruit-bearers are fed with compounds that include a large amount of the deficient element.

To increase fertility and improve the vegetative processes of plants, the soil in the garden must be periodically fertilized. Most effective root feeding of trees, however, in order to quickly saturate plants with microelements in the summer season, it is more rational to feed the garden foliarly (by spraying the crown). We will determine when and how to fertilize plantings for ideal development and fruiting, and also consider the main methods of feeding.

When should you fertilize your garden?

With the onset of warm days, plantings begin to gradually wake up. At this point, a very important role is played by tree nutrition in spring. The purpose of this procedure is to activate the growth and development of the garden. With a properly selected flavoring composition, the plants begin to actively bloom and produce new shoots. Actually, the yield of plantings in the future depends on the quantity and quality of greenery and branches.

Feeding trees in autumn is performed to improve the characteristics of the soil, saturating it with minerals and vital microelements for the plant organism. During this period, mineral and complex fertilizers are applied. Only root feeding is used. As the garden begins to shed its leaves, the foliar saturation method is not possible. Feeding trees for the winter excludes the use of nitrogen-containing compounds. Autumn is the ideal time to introduce calcium, potassium and phosphorus into the soil.

Our experienced gardeners will help you choose the composition of fertilizers and feed the plants. We will analyze the condition of the soil in each near-trunk circle, carefully examine each plant for a lack of trace elements and, having determined the deficiency, we will make and add a flavoring composition.

What to feed the plants?

One of the most popular ways to feed a garden is feeding trees with chicken manure. This nitrogen fertilizer is applied exclusively during the growing season. They effectively fertilize the soil in the near-stem circles of fruit-bearing plants (apple trees, pears, plums, cherries, sweet cherries, quince, chaenomeles, persimmons, peaches, apricots) in the spring. When working with chicken manure, it is important to remember that undiluted fresh manure can burn roots. Therefore, it is better not to overdo it with him.

In order not to injure plantings, top dressing for trees from chicken manure should be made as follows:

• Place about 1-1.5 kg of dry chicken manure in a 10-liter bucket.
• Add about 3-4 liters of water.
• Leave for 1-2 days to ferment.
• Add water to the bucket "to the eyeballs" and carefully move.

This spring dressing of trees and shrubs will not harm your garden. When buying litter, give preference to dry. If fresh fertilizer is stored incorrectly, nitrogen turns into ammonia. It is impossible to determine by eye how high-quality "fresh" is. In dry chicken manure, nitrogen is completely preserved.

The second most popular feeding trees with manure or compost. Here, too, there are nuances. In no case should fresh manure, only rotted, be brought under the plant. Unlike chicken manure, no matter how much fresh manure is diluted, it will still turn into an ammonia mixture. It takes about 2-3 years to turn "fresh" into high-quality fertilizer. The rotted manure is excellent for apricot, plum, cherry and other stone fruits, fruit-bearing plants (apple and pear), as well as coniferous plants (pines, spruces, cypresses, junipers, yews, thujas, spruces).

Feeding trees in summer carried out in order to saturate the garden with nitrogen and missing trace elements. Most often, the root method is used. The leaves absorb the flavoring compounds much faster than the roots. Therefore, when a deficiency of certain elements is detected, foliar feeding with special formulations is used.

Top dressing of trees with nitroammophos considered the most simple, affordable and balanced. This is a complex fertilizer that combines several important components for feeding trees: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur. Each granule contains all four components. However, the balance of trace elements remains in question.

For ideal fertile soils, the use of nitroammophoska is an excellent option to get rid of the headache when choosing a complex composition. Regarding other soils (heavy, clayey, with a deficiency of certain substances), it will not be possible to manage exclusively with nitroammophos. Fertilizing fruit trees will be effective only in combination with other fertilizers or introduce additives in the form of missing substances. For deciduous plantations (larches, cedars, birches, maples, acacias, beeches, hornbeams, willows, bird cherry, etc.), nitroammophoska can serve as the main top dressing, since you still will not wait for the harvest from them. :)

Recall that our professionals can help you choose the right fertilizer for your garden. Experienced gardeners will carefully study your plantings and their living conditions. Based on the data obtained, as well as the individual characteristics of an individual plant, we will select the ideal composition. Only in this case, feeding coniferous trees or a fruitful garden will bring the desired result.

Signs of a micronutrient deficiency

If plantings lack certain substances, they begin to “signal” about it: leaves fall or turn yellow, shoot growth weakens. If the lack of trace elements is detected in time, it is possible to restore the health of the entire planting or individual crops. For this, foliar top dressing of fruit trees is used. It will help restore the health of the garden as quickly as possible.

Our gardeners are people who have a sincere love for nature. We wish good health to every element of botany, therefore, it was decided to do our bit in the improvement of your planting. Especially for you, we have created a unique table in which we have included the main symptoms of a deficiency of vital trace elements. using it, you can notice the lack of substances in time and pick up necessary fertilizers for feeding trees in order to normalize the growth and development of plants.

Table of symptoms of deficiency of substances:

Tree feeding methods

For feeding greenery on the site, two methods of fertilizing are used:

• root(saturation with fertilizers of the soil in the near-trunk circle);
• foliar(Sweetening composition is applied to the crown).

Root top dressing of trees is applied in spring and autumn in order to improve soil characteristics and saturate plants with important elements. Flavoring compounds are gradually absorbed through the small processes of the root system. Absorption occurs over a long time (from 5-10 days or longer, depending on the depth of laying and the amount of fertilizer).

To quickly saturate the planting with nitrogen and other substances, foliar top dressing of trees is used. Literally in 2-3 days, the leaves completely absorb the substance applied to them.

Feeding the roots

In spring and autumn, root feeding of trees is carried out. Fertilizers are applied to the trunk circles in one of the following ways:

• The introduction of liquid formulations is carried out by pouring flavoring substances into special grooves artificially created in the near-stem circle around the plant (see figure on the right). The more grooves, the more efficient feeding will be.
• Fertilizers in solid form are introduced differently. The top layer of soil is removed (about 1-2 cm). fertilizers are evenly distributed over the entire territory of the trunk circle, after which they are covered back with earth.

Winter tree nutrition, more precisely, feeding before the onset of cold weather, as a rule, is carried out with the help of solid fertilizers. They will gradually penetrate deep into the soil due to the absorption of melted snow. Liquid formulations are used mainly in spring and summer.

Our professional gardeners will help you determine the most effective method of saturating your garden with nutrients and incorporating them into the soil. One call gives us the opportunity to see how top-class specialists work, as well as get a chance to take a personal master class on the topic: top dressing of trees after flowering and before, the rules for fertilizing, the specifics of working with garden tools, etc. Note, to get real knowledge you only need to be present on the garden plot and attentiveness. We work - you enjoy the work and at the same time learn from the pros! :)

Feeding through the crown

Most effective during hot seasons tree foliar nutrition. Fertilizers in liquid form are applied over the entire surface of the crown. In fact, the crown is sprayed with liquid formulations. Through greens, substances are absorbed and absorbed much faster.

Most often, urea is used as the main fertilizer. It not only saturates the plant with nitrogen, but also perfectly destroys many pests. Therefore, summer feeding of trees in August is carried out using diluted karbofos. In fact, it is a fungicide and an insecticide - two in one, while practically harmless to humans (at a low concentration).

A large concentration of the active substance in water, instead of the expected benefit, can be harmful plants. Therefore, especially for you, we have compiled a small fertilizer dosage table.

Congratulations! You have just completed a short course on Tree Feeding. Having the theoretical foundations and armed with tables, it will become easier to increase the fruitfulness and productivity of your planting :)

Good luck in creating a beautiful high-yielding garden!

Tree feeding video

Like all living things, an orchard needs nourishment. Therefore, fertilizers for fruit trees come to the fore - they are also necessary, like timely watering, regular weeding, plowing and mulching. But before you feed the garden, of course, you need to have an idea of ​​​​how to fertilize fruit trees in spring and autumn, and in what proportions to fertilize.

Fertilizers, along with other agricultural practices, have a great influence on the growth and productivity of orchards. By selecting nutrients in certain proportions, linking this with soil cultivation methods, it is possible to influence the yield value, fruit quality, as well as frost and drought resistance. With a continuous ratio of individual elements, negative results can be obtained. High efficiency in fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn can be achieved by knowing the basics of their use in the garden.

Features of fertilization for fruit trees

Before feeding fruit trees, first of all, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the soil of the site (natural supply of nutrients, mechanical composition, environmental reaction, etc.), the requirements of plants for nutritional conditions, the method of soil maintenance, the age of the plantations and other factors. Depending on these conditions, the types and rates of applied fertilizers will change.

Fruit plants are perennial crops, so the effect of fertilizers extends to them not only in the year of application, but also in subsequent years.

Of great importance on the effectiveness of fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn is the pre-planting dressing of the soil and the use of fertilizers in previous years.

In the first years of life, fruit plants are particularly demanding on phosphorus, since it stimulates the growth of roots and ensures the growth of the above-ground mass of the tree. Deep application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers contributes to the development of the root system, as if dragging it deeper and thereby increasing drought resistance and winter hardiness of plants.

Due to the low mobility of phosphorus-potassium supplements of fruit trees and their fixation mainly in the zone of application, it is especially important to fill the soil before planting the garden with increased doses of these fertilizers, designed for a significant period of their action.

In growing gardens, the introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers into the zone of distribution of the bulk of the roots is difficult. The soil, especially near trees, is saturated with roots, which should not be damaged.

The introduction of nitrogen fertilizers for fruit trees due to their good solubility and mobility in the soil is not difficult.

As a rule, surface sieving is used, mechanized or manual, or applied in the form of an aqueous solution.

The main task when using nitrogen fertilizers is to reduce nitrogen losses, since its ammonia form is volatile, and its nitrate form is mobile, especially on light soil and during irrigation. In this regard, all nitrogen fertilizers applied in dry form must be immediately incorporated into the soil.

On light soils and during irrigation, high doses of nitrogen fertilizers should not be used, but they should be applied fractionally and more often than on heavy soils and without irrigation.

Before feeding fruit trees, remember that in the spring, in the first half of the growing season, nutrients are spent on flowering, growth of shoots and fruits. At this time, plants need all three basic elements - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. After the growth of shoots stops from the second half of summer, nutrients are spent on the growth of fruits, the laying of flower buds, and are also deposited. At this time, the need for nitrogen nutrition decreases. An excess of nitrogen during this period can cause protracted plant growth and reduce their winter hardiness.

When deciding how to fertilize fruit trees, remember that the need for plants to feed is highly dependent on their age. In fruit-bearing trees, it is much higher than in young ones, which is caused by a large consumption of nutrients for the formation of a crop, as well as by the peculiarities of the development of the root system. If in young trees the roots grow rapidly, covering from year to year new unused soil layers, then with age, the formation of numerous lateral branches in the already covered volume is observed and its more severe depletion occurs.

When choosing what kind of fertilizer to feed fruit trees, do not forget that the use of top dressing should be closely linked to soil fertility and nutrient supply. It is necessary to determine the presence of available forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil and only on this basis to decide on the timing of fertilizer application, their doses and ratios.

Most of the soils of the middle zone are of the chernozem type and are characterized by high natural fertility.

Such soils, with good tillage and moisture, can annually compensate for significant amounts of the necessary nutrients. However, these reserves will quickly be depleted if the proper application of fertilizers does not maintain soil fertility at a high level.

A video of fertilizing fruit trees will help you better understand how to fertilize a garden:

How to feed fruit trees in spring: nitrogen fertilizers

Nitrogen is one of the most essential elements for plants. It is part of proteins, chlorophyll and many other organic substances. The main mass of nitrogen is concentrated in the organic matter of the soil and, above all, in humus.

Nitrogen is available to plants mainly in the form of mineral compounds - ammonium and nitrates, which are formed during the decomposition of organic matter by special microorganisms. Nitrate nitrogen is more available due to the fact that most of the ammonium in the soil is in an absorbed state and is gradually nitrified. The nitrification process proceeds most actively with good air access, sufficient soil moisture and a temperature of + 15-20 °.

If the soil in the garden has been loosened since spring, sufficiently moistened and manure is applied periodically, then with the onset of warm weather, a sufficient amount of nitrates for plants accumulates in it. In the case when the activity of microorganisms is suppressed, plants may lack nitrogen even on humus-rich chernozems. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain high yields only at the expense of natural nitrogen reserves.

An acute lack of nitrates is observed in the soil of the garden in early spring, when the need of fruit trees for nitrogen is great, and the process of nitrification is weak.

Especially a lot of nitrogen is consumed by plants during the period of increased shoot growth and fruit formation. The application of nitrogen fertilizers at this time is very important. Lack or excess of nitrogen in the soil disrupts the flow of phosphorus and potassium into fruit plants. An excess of nitrates is more easily tolerated by plants than large amounts of ammonium, especially with a lack of carbohydrates.

When applying nitrogen fertilizers, it is necessary to take into account the condition of the plants: growth vigor, leaf color intensity, etc.

Visual signs of nitrogen deficiency are the pale green color of the leaves, weak growth of shoots in conditions of sufficient moisture, premature fall of leaves, crushing of fruits, etc.

What fertilizers to feed fruit trees: phosphorus top dressing

Phosphorus is the second main nutrient found in the soil in the form of organic and mineral compounds. Plants feed on phosphorus mineral compounds - on chernozems, mainly calcium phosphates, most of which are inaccessible to plants. Mobilization of phosphorus from potential reserves is more difficult than nitrogen. Phosphorus top dressing is necessary for plants during the entire growing season. Sufficient supply of phosphorus contributes to the faster emergence of new leaves, better development of the root system, earlier and faster flowering. It affects the processes of formation of fruiting organs and the laying of flower buds for the next year's harvest.

Phosphorus top dressings are those fertilizers that need to be applied regularly under fruit trees, since with a lack of phosphorus, the growth of shoots and roots is greatly reduced, flowering and fruit ripening are delayed. Improving nutrition with phosphorus increases the sugar content in plants, increases their winter hardiness. With insufficient supply of phosphorus, nitrogen fertilizers are used incompletely. In some cases, large doses of nitrogen with a lack of phosphorus adversely affect the growth and development of plants.

How to feed fruit trees in spring and autumn: potash fertilizers

Potassium takes part in the formation of carbohydrates, promotes the movement of nutrients in plants, increases their winter hardiness and drought resistance, resistance to pests and diseases.

Potassium in the soil is in mineral form. Organic forms of this element have not been found. Its gross content is several times higher than that of nitrogen and phosphorus. Hence, the lack of potassium in the soil is less common. Plants feed on both water-soluble potassium salts and absorbed soil colloids-cations, and can also absorb potassium from minerals: micas, glauconite, biotite, etc. The main source of potassium is absorbed.

When applying potassium fertilizers for fruit trees, it must also be borne in mind that the need for potassium in fruit plants is higher than for phosphorus. If we take the removal of phosphorus as a unit, then adult apple trees take out 3 times more potassium and nitrogen. An imbalance between the elements of nutrition should not be allowed, as this leads to functional diseases.

The use of fertilizers for feeding garden trees

When applying fertilizers for garden trees, it is necessary to take into account other properties of the soil: the nature of aeration, the mechanical composition, and the reaction of the environment.

Chernozem soils, which have a neutral or slightly alkaline reaction, respond well to the use of acidic and physiologically acidic fertilizers (superphosphate, ammonium sulphate, etc.).

The effect of the use of fertilizers can be achieved while improving other factors of life. The lack of one of the factors cannot be compensated by the improvement of the other. For example, additional nutrition cannot replace the lack of moisture.

Therefore, when choosing how to feed fruit trees, it should be borne in mind that in peculiar natural conditions with rich soils and an arid climate, fertilizers may not have an effect unless sufficiently favorable moistening conditions are provided. When fertilizing, it is necessary to simultaneously improve the water regime of the soil in the garden.

From all of the above, we can conclude: there can be no single system for fertilizing a garden. The following recommendations for fertilization should be considered as a guide only. They must be adapted to the specific conditions of a particular garden, depending on the properties of the soil, the age of the plantations, the conditions of moisture supply, etc. The best fertilizer system is the one that justifies itself with a high yield, good growth and condition of the trees.

In addition to the main nutrients - nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - fruit plants need microelements for normal development. Often in the middle lane, their importance in fertilizing the orchard comes first in comparison with the main nutrients.

The lack of trace elements causes deep physiological disorders of the nutrition process and leads to the appearance of functional diseases and a sharp decrease in plant productivity.

Fertilizing fruit trees in the garden in spring and autumn with organic fertilizers

Practical recommendations for the use of fertilizers. Organic fertilizers are of particular importance in the fertilizer system of fruit crops. They enrich the soil with readily available nutrients, improve its physical properties (water and air conditions), as well as the supply of plants with carbon dioxide. They contain in their composition all the nutrients necessary for fruit plants (macro- and microelements): nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, boron, molybdenum, manganese, iron, zinc, copper, etc.

The extremely important value of organic fertilizers for the garden is that they enliven the microbiological activity in the soil.

The introduction of manure, in particular, is the most important factor in the mobilization of the natural supply of nutrients. With the systematic introduction of manure, clay soils become more moisture and breathable, sandy soils acquire cohesion and retain moisture better. Biotic substances contained in manure (vitamins, auxins, etc.) activate life processes in plants, resulting in more favorable conditions for the efficient use of mineral fertilizers.

The best quality is horse and cow dung. Pig manure, in terms of the content of nutrients, approaches horse and cow manure, differing from them in a large amount of nitrogenous compounds and sodium chloride. However, it is significantly inferior to them in terms of physical properties, representing a semi-liquid mass, inconvenient for use. Therefore, it is best to apply pig manure after composting with straw, sawdust, leaves and other material. It is recommended to apply it for feeding fruit trees in the fall at the rate of 5-6 kg per 1 m2. Harmful chloride salts are washed out in this case deep into the soil. Given the exceptional value of manure for the garden, it is necessary to periodically apply it from 4 to 8 kg per 1 m2 once every 3 years.

What else can you feed fruit trees in spring and autumn from organic fertilizers? Bird manure is a complete fast-acting fertilizer in which the nutrients are in a form readily available to plants. In order to reduce nitrogen losses, which can reach 30% of its total content in 1.5-2 months, raw manure should be stored in a dry place mixed with peat chips, humus - 25-50% or powdered superphosphate - 6 -10% of the weight of the litter.

Litter in dry and crushed form or in the form of a solution is used for all crops and on all soils, mainly when feeding plants. When applied dry, it is important to grind it thoroughly and evenly disperse it over the entire area. With uneven application, plant burnout is possible. To feed fruit trees in liquid form, bird droppings are mixed with water in a ratio of 1:15 (15 parts of water for 1 part fertilizer). The solution should be used immediately after preparation. They bring it into the furrows made along the periphery of the crown, one bucket per 2-3 linear meters. m.

Sometimes bird droppings are infused with water before application so that it ferments. This technique is impractical, since when it is applied, the fertilizer loses more than half of the nitrogen.

As a rule, there is not enough manure for fertilizing fruit and berry crops. Its deficiency can be largely compensated by the introduction of various composts.

Prefabricated composts are also a valuable organic fertilizer. All waste containing at least some organic matter can be used as compostable material: spoiled feed, weeds (without seeds), haulm, sawdust, dry leaves, forest floor, pond silt, yard waste, kitchen waste, etc. More valuable composts are obtained by mixing peat, good fertile land, as well as slurry, bird droppings, pig manure, superphosphate to the waste. Before fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn, the compost must mature. All materials for future feeding are stacked in a certain place on a compacted area, in the so-called compost heaps up to 2 m wide, 1.5-1.7 m high. For better absorption of moisture, a layer of peat 20-25 cm thick is placed at the base of the heap, or humus earth, or leaves. Waste, as it accumulates, is laid in layers in a compost heap and moistened, if necessary, with slurry, a solution of chicken manure or clean water. Add 1.5-2% of the total mass of superphosphate. You can add 3-4% ash.

The edges of the heap are made slightly higher so that the liquid does not drain, but is absorbed. After watering, a layer of peat or earth is poured on top of the heap. Caring for a compost heap is to shovel it 2-3 times during the summer and moisten it when it dries.

Waste that is difficult to decompose (sawdust, shavings, etc.) is placed in separate piles for a longer period of overheating. Compost for feeding garden trees is considered ready for use when it turns into a homogeneous crumbly mass. Composts can be laid in trenches 1.5 m wide, 0.7-1 m deep. This method is more convenient because the material dries out less. Prefabricated composts are close in quality to manure.

Feeding fruit trees with mineral fertilizers

To fully meet the needs of fruit plants in easily digestible nutrients, mineral fertilizers are used in addition to organic ones. Unlike organic, they contain more nutrients and are less complex in their chemical composition.

Mineral fertilizers for fruit trees are divided into simple and complex. Simple fertilizers contain only one nutrient element, complex fertilizers contain two or three main elements.

Simple mineral fertilizers for planting fruit trees fertilizers are divided into nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, depending on what nutrient they contain.

Nitrogen fertilizers.

Ammonium nitrate is a fast-acting fertilizer, recommended for early spring application and top dressing at a concentration of 20 g per bucket of water.

Carbamide - is not absorbed by plants immediately, so it is advisable to use it as the main fertilizer in spring, and on heavy soils - in autumn. When irrigated, urea is used for top dressing. Valuable fertilizer for foliar top dressing at a concentration of 0.3-0.4% (30-40 g per bucket of water).

Phosphorus fertilizers.

The best of them in local conditions is superphosphate - simple and double. This top dressing of fruit trees in spring and autumn has a long-term effect, therefore it is used as the main fertilizer. On carbonate soils, it is recommended to use it in a mixture with humus, peat, compost. The mixture is prepared 1-2 months before application.

potassium fertilizers.

Potassium sulfate is the best of them, as it does not contain harmful impurities. Potassium chloride contains an admixture of chlorine, which is harmful to fruit trees in large quantities. Under berries, especially strawberries, it can only be applied in advance.

Potassium salt. Should not be used for berry crops sensitive to chlorine. All potash fertilizers for fruit trees are used as the main application in the fall, only potassium sulfate can be applied in the spring.

How to feed fruit trees in spring and autumn: complex fertilizers

Complex fertilizers for fruit trees include potassium nitrate, ammophos, diammophos, nitroammophos, nitrophoska, nitroammophoska, etc. All dormice are highly soluble in water and are a valuable food for fruit crops. They are used as the main fertilizer and top dressing.

Wood ash is a valuable local fertilizer that contains all the nutrients except nitrogen. It is used as a potassium-phosphorus and microfertilizer on soils with an acidic or neutral reaction of 50-80 g/m2.

Fertilizers for fruit trees, applied in the spring, before planting the garden, improve plant growth, accelerate fruiting and increase yields in the early years. They can be brought in for digging, deep plowing or in planting pits.

In industrial gardens, the application can be continuous or strip (along the lines of future rows of trees). Under the plantation, 500-700 kg / ha of superphosphate of simple and potash fertilizers are applied. Semi-rotted manure 60-80 t/ha is applied under normal plowing. In the absence of manure, the doses of mineral fertilizers are doubled.

Rotted manure and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are introduced into the planting pits.

Superphosphate is best applied as an organo-mineral mixture. For one bucket of bulk manure, 300 g of simple superphosphate or 150 g of double superphosphate are taken. Superphosphate is mixed with wet organic matter two weeks prior to application.

Under the apple tree, 2-3 buckets of such a mixture are brought in, which is 15-25 kg of manure, 450-900 g of superphosphate. Potash fertilizers are applied at 200-300 g. Under stone fruits, the doses of fertilizer application are reduced by 2 times. It is not recommended to bring unrotted manure and mineral nitrogen fertilizers into the pit, as they impair the survival of young plants.

With good preplant soil dressing in the first 4-5 years or more, trees usually do not need to apply phosphorus-potassium fertilizers. Manure in the 1st year after planting is usually applied as mulch in the spring and incorporated when digging. In the future, organic fertilizers are recommended to be applied in the 4-5th year before the garden begins to bear fruit. The application of nitrogen fertilizers should be started from the 2-3rd year after planting, when the plants take root and get stronger. When introduced in the year of planting, they can cause a burn of young roots and worsen the survival of plants. In a young garden on fertile soil, the need for nitrogen in fruit plants usually occurs in the early spring, when the process of natural microbiological formation of nitrates is suppressed.

In this regard, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizers containing nitrogen in the nitrate form (ammonium nitrate at a dose of 15-20 g/m2 - 150-200 kg/ha). The best time for this is after the main mass of snow has melted on thawed-frozen soil, when it is frosty in the morning and fertilizers can be sieved. Easily soluble nitrogen fertilizers with moisture residues penetrate into the root zone by the beginning of their growth. If it was not possible to introduce them on the thawed-frozen soil, then they are introduced before the first spring loosening.

How to fertilize adult fruit trees in spring and autumn

In the first years, the effect of fertilizers on the growth of trees is usually weak, as they approach fruiting, their effect increases more and more. With the entry of the garden into fruiting, the system of fertilizing adult trees consists of autumn (basic) application, spring and top dressing. The main thing is the main thing when organic fertilizer and mineral phosphorus-potassium fertilizers are applied. These fertilizers are not washed out of the soil, so they are applied periodically once every 2-3 years for plowing or digging in the amount of: 30-45 g / m2 of superphosphate and 20-25 g / m2 of potassium sulfate or chloride per 1 year. Autumn application of chlorine-containing potash fertilizers contributes to the leaching of chlorine.

Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, which are inactive in the soil, should be applied as deep as possible, into the zone of occurrence of the main mass of roots, which contributes to the development of a powerful root system.

In home gardens, deep application is carried out in furrows, annular grooves, etc. The best way in this case is focal. The foci should be in the form of holes made along the periphery of the crown to a depth of 25-35 cm. One hole is placed for each half meter.

Effective joint application of mineral fertilizers with organic. The rate of application of mineral fertilizers is reduced by half. The introduction of superphosphate in a mixture with organic fertilizers contributes to better absorption of phosphorus.

In industrial gardens, the application of organic and phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is carried out before plowing to a depth of 25-30 cm. Machines for deep fertilization are also used: a mounted vineyard plow PRVN-2.5 and a garden and vineyard feeder - PSV-2.

Fertilizing is of great importance for fruit-bearing fruit trees. In non-irrigated gardens, they are usually limited to the early spring application of ammonium nitrate, since in the absence of irrigation, top dressing is ineffective.

The application rate of this top dressing for fruit trees in the spring is 15 - 20 g per 1 m2 during the period when the garden begins to bear fruit and 20-25 g per 1 m2 at full fruiting.

In irrigated orchards, there is a danger of mobile nitrogen being washed out into the deep layers, especially on light soils, while fruit-bearing orchards especially need nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, in a fruit-bearing irrigated garden, in addition to the early spring application of nitrogen fertilizers, one or two top dressings are given during the growing season. The first top dressing is carried out with nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate) after the physiological shedding of the ovary at a dose of 10 g / m2.

Fertilizing fruit trees in spring and autumn: top dressing in a lean year

In a lean year, they are limited only to the main fertilizer and the spring application of nitrogen, since in this case the consumption of nutrients goes only to increase the vegetative mass and lay flower buds for the next year's crop. It is necessary to restrain the laying of the kidneys so as not to overload the tree with a crop in a year. This is facilitated by low doses of fertilizers. Mineral fertilizers when top dressing can be applied in liquid and dry form. In the first case, the fertilizer should be dissolved in water - 20-30 g per 10 liters, in the second - subsequent watering is required.

Good results are obtained by top dressing with local liquid organic fertilizers - slurry, bird droppings.

Top dressing is best timed to coincide with the rains. If the weather is dry, then it is necessary to water the furrow before feeding. Top dressing can be done simultaneously with watering.

When applying top dressing, it is necessary, however, to remember that this method of fertilizing is auxiliary and cannot replace the main fertilizer.

Before fertilizing fruit trees with nitrogen fertilizers, especially in young orchards, carefully study the information on the doses and timing of their application. An excess of nitrogen in the soil should not be allowed, as it delays vegetative growth, impairs the ripening of shoots and reduces the winter hardiness of plants. A constant excess of nitrogen, especially with a lack of other elements, leads to the fact that fruit plants may experience a state of so-called "fatting", that is, violent growth in the absence of fruiting. It is not possible to cause the fruiting of "fattening" trees immediately. First of all, it is necessary to weaken nitrogen nutrition and increase phosphorus-potassium, reduce watering. In some cases, it is necessary to resort to the use of special techniques: constriction of branches, banding, etc. Stone fruits, such as cherry and plum, are especially prone to prolonged growth and overgrowth with excess nitrogen nutrition. In this case, their winter hardiness is greatly reduced, and the trees often freeze slightly.

With the beginning of spring, when all plants wake up after a long winter sleep, fruit trees and shrubs need to be fed. They need nitrogen, which will help the start of vegetative processes, will contribute not only to a good ovary, but also to the yield of fruit bushes.

How and with what they need to be fertilized, what are the features of the process, what recharges will favorably affect the crop - we will consider in detail.

What do you need to know about shrubs?

If you have a private house or summer cottage, then you can’t do without fruit bushes. They will not only decorate the landscape on the site, but also give healthy, vitamin-rich berries. Moreover, for their cultivation of special skills and abilities is not required. The main feature is that they take up little space, are unpretentious, and always in fashion. Among them there are such types:

• raspberry,
• currant,
• blackberry,
• gooseberry,
• edible honeysuckle,
• barberry,
• chokeberry (chokeberry),
• viburnum,
• irga,
• dogwood,
• sea ​​​​buckthorn,
• hazelnut,
• hazelnut (hazel),
• actinidia,
• fig,
• cranberry,
• lemongrass,
• rose hip.

Since berries help with many diseases, they are used not only raw, but also dried, frozen, in the form of jam.

Fall is the best time to plant because it is easier to prepare the soil and there is a large selection of planting material. But if in winter, due to climatic conditions, the soil freezes deeply, then it is better to plant in the spring.

In addition, caring for berry bushes includes not only watering, as inexperienced gardeners believe. Since the plants are perennial, their root system absorbs nutrients throughout the year. Fertilizers need to be applied not only in autumn, but also in spring. They should be both soil and foliar.

We choose top dressing in the spring!

Fertilizer for fruit trees and shrubs is best taken organic. Preference is given to:

• compost
• peat,
• humus
• manure.

They enrich the soil with useful substances, promote plant growth. Mineral fertilizers, which contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, are also used to feed berry bushes.

For fruit bushes, there is a specific feeding schedule:

1. In the first decade of May, when they are actively blooming.
2. May - the first decade of June - a period of increased growth of shoots.
3. The beginning of July, when the berries are tied.
4. The last top dressing after the autumn harvest.

We fertilize currant bushes

Currants can be planted, focusing on every taste: black, red, white, golden. But if caring for it is reduced only to infrequent watering, then every year there will be less and less berries, and in five years they will disappear completely. If you provide the currant with proper care, then the bush will be able to bear fruit in one place for more than ten years.

Since the currant is ready for fruiting a year after planting, in early spring it is necessary to feed the plants with organic fertilizers.

To begin with, they are applied with nitrogen in the root method. To do this, you should carefully dig up, and then pour the earth around abundantly so that top dressing does not burn the young roots.

Humus is placed around the berry bushes and the earth is dug deep enough in a circle of at least 80 centimeters. In summer, in order to increase productivity, each bush is fed separately with 3–6 kg of compost, 10–15 g of potassium sulfate, 30 g of superphosphate.
In early October, chicken manure or humus is introduced under fruit bushes to feed the plants with useful microelements during the winter.

We feed raspberries

In order to stock up on healing berries until the next season, one should not forget about the benefits of mineral and organic fertilizers for raspberry bushes.

How to improve productivity?

We are constantly getting letters in which amateur gardeners are worried that due to the cold summer this year, a poor harvest of potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, and other vegetables. Last year we published TIPS about this. But unfortunately, many did not listen, but some still applied. Here is a report from our reader, we want to advise plant growth biostimulantswhich will help increase the yield by up to 50-70%.

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Experienced organic gardeners choose manure for feeding. The rotted ones are brought in in spring or autumn - about 6 kilograms per square meter. Bird droppings in liquid form or compost from peat, dry leaves, manure will not only saturate the plant with the necessary substances of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, but will also disinfect the bushes from pests. For raspberry fruit bushes, 9–10 kg per m2 will be needed as a top dressing.

Potassium salt and superphosphate are used for spring feeding. Opponents of mineral fertilizers can use wood ash instead of potash supplements. It does not contain chlorine, but there are useful substances that help growth and fruiting. Ash can be applied both dissolved in water and dry.

"Chemical" fertilizers are practiced for feeding both individually and in a complex composition. A mixture of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium and manure contributes not only to the growth of new shoots, but also to lush flowering, as well as good yields.

The appearance of raspberry bushes will tell you what nutrients are missing:

• brown leaves - lack of potassium,
• thin, very weak shoots - phosphorus is needed,
• the leaves are yellow, small - feed with nitrogen,
• dark huge sheets - a lot of nitrogen, there will be few berries.

The main thing is to correct the situation in a timely manner.

Proper feeding for the "northern grapes"

That is what gooseberries are called. One berry of this shrub contains almost 50 kilocalories. Its composition is striking in the amount of useful vitamins and trace elements: iodine, potassium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, iron, organic acids, vitamins A, C, D, E. It is considered a dietary berry that not only helps with metabolic processes, but also works against anemia removing heavy metals and salts from the body.

Gooseberry bushes should not be planted in places with high soil moisture, because in this case they will be attacked by fungal diseases. This will lead to low yields, rapid death of the plant.

The first two years, young shrubs do not fertilize. They have enough organic top dressing made before planting. In the third year in autumn, the soil is fed with manure or humus by digging. In early spring, before bud break, urea and ammonium nitrate are added (15–20 g per m2). Mineral fertilizers are scattered near the bushes, they are covered with a hoe to a depth of about 8–10 cm.

How to properly feed gooseberries?

We program the harvest of sea buckthorn

This golden berry is indispensable not only for burns. Its beneficial properties have long been appreciated in ancient China. In the wrong hands, it can quickly die. After all, the roots of these fruit shrubs are very close to the surface of the earth. Therefore, you need to carefully dig the soil near the bushes. The best option is to use a chopper for shallow loosening.

Sea buckthorn should be fertilized no more than once every two years with compost, humus (5–9 kg per m2). It is better to do this in the autumn period after the completion of the collection of berries. From mineral fertilizers, potassium salt (25 g), superphosphate (60 g) is preferred.

Experienced gardeners advise twice a year to feed the plant with a mixture of sand and humus (2: 3), plus a couple of glasses of crushed egg shells.

If sea buckthorn grows on sandy soil, then a little nitrogen fertilization will not hurt it. Please note that no more than 20 grams of ammonium nitrate and 15 grams of urea can be added per square meter per year.

Please note that all types of fertilizers for the growth and fruiting of sea buckthorn must be applied before fruit formation begins.

Features of feeding dogwood

This unpretentious plant almost always gives birth abundantly. Breaks records for the content of vitamin C, and the bones have antiseptic properties.

It can be formed not only as a bush, but also as a fruit tree. Dogwood comes from the south, so he loves the sun, and very wet soil is contraindicated for him. There is evidence that dogwood fruit bushes can grow and bear fruit for almost three hundred years.

To fertilize the soil during the period of spring growth, mineral fertilizers containing nitrogen and phosphorus are used. In autumn, the bushes are fed with potassium or wood ash. In order for the plant to bear fruit well, compost, humus, and lime are added to the soil. But you can’t feed dogwood with ammonium sulfate.

Feeding for barberry

This evergreen shrub is a worthy decoration for a garden plot. Its value is not only in beauty, but also in useful properties. It is believed that the use of barberry can prolong youth. And all because it removes toxins, cleanses the blood, eliminates harmful microbes from the body.

The natural habitat of plants is associated with dry and gentle slopes. Clay soil before planting is fertilized with a mixture of sand and peat, humus or compost in equal parts. If the soil is acidic, then the soil in the holes should be neutralized with slaked lime (350-400 grams per bush) or 250 grams of wood ash.

Feed the barberry for the next spring after planting. The growth of young shoots is stimulated with mineral fertilizers with nitrogen (urea) at the rate of 25 grams per average bucket of water. A similar feeding is carried out every four years.

Fertilizers of organic origin (manure, humus) feed shrubs before flowering and after. Prepare it like this:

1. a kilogram of humus is soaked in three liters of water,
2. filter after three days,
3. dilute the infusion (1 liter) with water in a ratio of 1: 3 /

This dose is enough for one fruit bush.

Potassium and superphosphate are added in the fall to prepare the barberry for the winter period. Do not forget to water the bushes after you have applied fertilizer. Then the soil must be mulched with sawdust or peat.

How easy is it to grow a barberry?

Helping hazelnuts bear fruit

This useful and tasty shrub is the closest relative of the hazel nut (hazel). If you decide to grow it yourself, you should be patient.

In most cases, hazelnuts will have to be grown from nuts. The soil should be quite loose, for this it is necessary to fertilize the soil with humus.

The plant is transplanted into the hole when it reaches 15-18 centimeters. Before planting, ammonium nitrate is fertilized, which promotes growth. The first recharge is made at the end of April, the second - in the first decade of June. Prepare four kilograms of manure, 45 grams of superphosphate, 45 grams of ammonium nitrate, 25 grams of potassium sulfate, the mixture is divided in half.

Hazelnuts are fed after heavy watering or rain. Fertilizers need to be scattered evenly on the soil and dig up the soil. In spring and summer, they do it shallowly, in autumn they dig twice as deep.

Why use foliar fertilizers?

In summer, foliar fertilizers are used to feed fruit plants. In this way, shrubs are fed not through the root system, but through the leaves. The fact is that in this way nutrients enter the plant faster than through the roots.

Not only organic, but also mineral fertilizers are used. The only caveat is that very weak solutions must be used so that the salts do not damage the leaves. Therefore, the concentration of superphosphate should be no more than 4%, and urea and potassium chloride or sulfate - about 1%.

Plants are sprayed in the evening or early morning. During the day, the solution will evaporate quickly, so a similar process is possible only in cloudy weather.

Young leaves are treated with a weaker solution. For example, after picking currant berries, the bushes can be sprayed with a solution of 4 grams of potassium permanganate, 2 grams of boric acid, 8 grams of copper sulfate. They are bred in ten liters of water. It is advisable to feed raspberries in this way after flowering and picking berries. It can be a solution of manganese or zinc, copper sulfate or ammonium.

Advantages of foliar fertilizers:

• contribute to an increase in flowering branches and the weight of berries,
• the number of carrion and rotting fruits is reduced,
• there are more young shoots,
• vegetative processes are faster.

Important points when feeding

If you decide to approach the process of feeding berry bushes responsibly, pay attention to the following details:

1. with abundant watering, the portion of nutrients should be increased,
2. before pruning bushes to increase the number of young shoots, the dose of feeding should be higher,
3. liquid types of fertilizers are applied around the plant at a distance of approximately half a meter from the diameter of the crown,
4. when the soil is often fed with ash, then mineral dressings do not need to be applied,
5. if at the same time top dressing is carried out with organic matter and minerals, then the rate should be halved.

Fruit bushes, like any plants, need additional nutrition. Timely applied fertilizers, correctly selected dosage and type of top dressing will favorably affect not only the growth of bushes, but also the yield of perennial plants!

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