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Spielberger test of situational and personal anxiety. Determining the level of anxiety (Spilberger-Khanin method)

Anxiety is understood as a state that occurs in situations of uncertainty, when it is impossible to predict the time or nature of the threat. At the same time, a person feels an incomprehensible feeling of growing danger.

This condition is situational in nature, that is, it most often occurs in certain situations, but it can be an individual feature of the individual.

The easiest way to assess the level of anxiety is with the help of the Spielberger-Khanin test, which consists of two scales - the Personal Anxiety Scale and the Reactive Anxiety Scale.

Reactive anxiety is tension, anxiety, even nervousness that occurs in specific situations. You can determine the level of this indicator in a separate test.

Personal anxiety - this term is used to describe a stable state of perception of a large range of situations as threatening.

It can occur in response to any irritants, for example, to minor fluctuations in the state of health (both somatic and psychological), the need to somehow change one's position in life, and the perception of certain aspects of reality.

Personal anxiety is basically a feature of a particular personality, the way a person reacts to external and internal changes. This is a person's readiness for anxious reactions, which consists in uncertainty about the future, constant worry about him.

Is it good or bad?

Of course, we need to worry about what awaits us in the future, what the consequences of our actions will be. This encourages a person to be collected, responsible, try to do their job better, set certain goals for themselves.

But do not forget about the reverse side of the coin - a high level of personal anxiety disrupts the normal life of a person, prevents him from concentrating on his goals, thinking sensibly. At the same time, all forces are spent on exhausting unrest, and not on specific actions.

Personal anxiety can increase with the following pathologies:

  • and some others.

Recommendations for performing a test to assess the level of personal anxiety

To assess the level of personal anxiety, you need to answer 20 questions presented in the questionnaire.

Read the sentences given and choose the one that most accurately describes your current state. The most important rule is to give the answer to the question that first comes to mind.

Methodology for diagnosing self-esteem Ch.D. Spielberger, L. Khanina (assessment of situational and personal anxiety)

In psychodiagnostics, many methods have been developed for assessing the level of anxiety. These methods are used mainly in consultative and clinical practice, when working with children.

Anxiety - emotional condition, a feeling of strong excitement, anxiety, often without any external reason. Anxiety often occurs and is normal. We can talk about pathological anxiety when it disorganizes the entire life of a person.

Anxiety - the tendency of an individual to experience anxiety, characterized by a low threshold for the occurrence of an anxiety reaction. There are situational anxiety (associated with a specific external situation) and personal anxiety (which is a stable personality trait).

The most famous and widely used methods for diagnosing the level of anxiety are the tests of Ch.D. Spielberg and Khanin, as well as the Taylor technique.

In addition, tests for assessing depressive states (Zunge, V.A. Zhmurova), methods for diagnosing stress tolerance and social adaptation (Holmes and Rage), the level of social frustration (L.I. Wasserman), and the level of subjective control (J. Rotter) were developed and adapted. and etc.

For the most complete picture of the features of the emotional sphere and mental states of an individual, a complex of psychodiagnostic methods is used: both based on self-assessment of states, and projective methods.

Methods of Ch. Spielberg

This test is presented in the form of a questionnaire of 40 questions. The test is a reliable source of information about a person's self-assessment of the level of his anxiety at the moment (reactive anxiety) and personal anxiety (as a stable characteristic of a person). The test was developed by C.D. Spielberger and adapted by Yu.L. Khanin.

Personal anxietycharacterizes a stable tendency to perceive a wide range of situations as threatening, to respond to such situations with a state of anxiety.

reactive anxietycharacterized by tension, anxiety, nervousness.

Very high reactive anxietycauses disturbances in attention, sometimes violations of fine coordination.

Very high personal anxietydirectly correlates with the presence of a neurotic conflict, with emotional and neurotic breakdowns and psychosomatic diseases.

But anxiety is not inherently a negative trait. A certain level of anxiety is a natural and obligatory feature of an active personality.

At the same time, there is an optimal individual level of “useful anxiety”.

The self-esteem scale consists of 2 parts, separately evaluating reactive (RT, statements No. 1-20) and personal (LT, statements No. 21-40) anxiety.

The scale of situational anxiety consists of 20 judgments (10 of them characterize the presence of emotions, tension, anxiety, concern, and 10 - the absence of anxiety).

The results are calculated by key.

Processing and interpretation of results:

up to 30 - low anxiety;

31-45 - moderate anxiety;

46 and more - high anxiety.

The subject needs to evaluate his state of health at the moment. For example, such statements are offered: “I am calm”, “Nothing threatens me”, “I am upset”, etc.

The methodology has standards that indicate a high level of anxiety, medium and low. Reactive anxiety is characterized by tension, anxiety, nervousness. Very high reactive anxiety causes disturbances in attention, sometimes disturbances in fine coordination.

Significant deviations from the level of moderate anxiety require special attention. High anxiety implies a tendency to manifest anxiety in situations of assessing his competence. In this case, the subjective significance of the situation and tasks should be reduced and the emphasis should be shifted to understanding the activity and forming a sense of confidence in success.

Low anxiety, on the contrary, requires increased attention to the motives of activity and increased sense of responsibility. Sometimes very low anxiety in test scores is the result of a person's active displacement of high anxiety in order to show himself in a "better light".

A scale has also been developed to assess personalanxiety (as a stable characteristic of a person), which also consists of 20 statements.

The subject must evaluate how he usually feels. Here are the statements, for example:

"I feel pleasure"

"I get tired very quickly"

"I'm quite happy," etc.

Personal anxiety characterizes a stable tendency to perceive a wide range of situations as threatening, to respond to such situations with a state of anxiety. Very high personal anxiety directly correlates with the presence of a neurotic conflict, with emotional and neurotic breakdowns, and with psychosomatic diseases.

But anxiety is not inherently a negative trait. A certain level of anxiety is a natural and obligatory feature of an active personality. At the same time, there is an optimal individual level of “useful anxiety”.

Scales of situational and personal anxiety can be used in counseling practice, when evaluating the results of correcting emotional states, assessing the dynamics of emotional states among employees, etc.

Methodology for diagnosing self-esteem Ch.D. Spielberger, L. Khanin

Instruction. Please read each of the following sentences carefully. Cross out the number in the appropriate box on the right, depending on how you feel at the moment. Do not think about the questions for a long time, as there are no right or wrong answers.

Form of judgments

Judgment

No it's not

Perhaps so

Right

Quite right

I am calm

Nothing threatens me

I'm under pressure

I am internally bound

I feel free

I'm sad

I'm worried about possible failures

I feel peace of mind

I'm uptight

I feel a sense of inner satisfaction

I'm confident

I'm nervous

I can't find my place

I'm energized

I do not feel stiffness, tension

I am satisfied

I'm preoccupied

I'm too excited, I'm not myself

I'm happy

I'm pleased

I have high spirits

I get irritable

I can get upset easily

I would like to be as lucky as the others

I am very worried about troubles and for a long time I can not forget about them

I feel a surge of strength, a desire to work

I am calm, cool and collected

I'm worried about possible difficulties

I worry too much about trifles

I am quite happy

I take everything to heart

I lack self-confidence

I feel defenseless

I try to avoid critical situations and difficulties

I get blues

I am satisfied

All sorts of trifles distract and excite me

Sometimes I feel like a failure

I am a balanced person

I get restless when I think about my business and worries.

The key to the method of assessing situational and personal anxiety

judgment number

situational anxiety

(answers)

judgment number

Personal anxiety

(answers)

Certain level anxiety- a natural and obligatory feature of an active active personality. Each person has their own optimal, or desirable, level of anxiety - this is the so-called useful anxiety. A person's assessment of his state in this respect is an essential component of self-control and self-education for him.

Under personal anxiety is understood as a stable individual characteristic that reflects the subject's predisposition to anxiety and suggests that he has a tendency to perceive a fairly wide "fan" of situations as threatening, responding to each of them with a certain reaction. As a predisposition, personal anxiety is activated when certain stimuli are perceived by a person as dangerous to self-esteem, self-esteem. Situational orreactive anxiety how condition characterized by subjectively experienced emotions: tension, anxiety, concern, nervousness. This state occurs as an emotional reaction to a stressful situation and can be different in intensity and dynamism over time.

This questionnaire allows you to differentially measure anxiety and how personality property, And How condition.

test material

Scale of situational anxiety (ST)

Instruction. Read each of the following sentences carefully and cross out the number in the appropriate box on the right, depending on how you feel at the moment. Do not think about questions for a long time, because there are no right and wrong answers.

  1. I am calm
  2. Nothing threatens me
  3. I'm under pressure
  4. I am internally bound
  5. I feel free
  6. I'm sad
  7. I'm worried about possible failures
  8. I feel peace of mind
  9. I'm uptight
  10. I feel a sense of inner satisfaction
  11. I'm confident
  12. I'm nervous
  13. I can't find my place
  14. I'm energized

    15. Registration required

    Attention!
    1. Nobody will see Woman, 23" or " Man, 31“.
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    Scale of personal anxiety (PT)

    Instruction. Read each of the following sentences carefully and cross out the number in the appropriate box on the right, depending on how you usually feel. Don't think too long about the questions, as there are no right or wrong answers.

    NeverAlmost neverOftenAlmost always
    1 2 3 4
    1. I have high spirits
    2. I get irritable
    3. I get upset easily
    4. I would like to be as lucky as the others
    5. I am very worried about troubles and for a long time I can not forget about them
    6. I feel a surge of energy and a desire to work
    7. I am calm, cool and collected
    8. I'm worried about possible difficulties
    9. I worry too much about trifles
    10. I am quite happy
    11. I take everything to heart
    12. I lack self-confidence
    13. I feel defenseless
    14. I try to avoid critical situations and difficulties

      15. Registration required

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      Attention!
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      Key to the test
      STAnswersLTAnswers
      №№ 1 2 3 4 №№ 1 2 3 4
      situational anxiety Personal anxiety
      1 4 3 2 1 21 4 3 2 1
      2 4 3 2 1 22 1 2 3 4
      3 1 2 3 4 23 1 2 3 4
      4 1 2 3 4 24 1 2 3 4
      5 4 3 2 1 25 1 2 3 4
      6 1 2 3 4 26 4 3 2 1
      7 1 2 3 4 27 4 3 2 1
      8 4 3 2 1 28 1 2 3 4
      9 1 2 3 4 29 1 2 3 4
      10 4 3 2 1 30 4 3 2 1
      11 4 3 2 1 31 1 2 3 4
      12 1 2 3 4 32 1 2 3 4
      13 1 2 3 4 33 1 2 3 4
      14 1 2 3 4 34 1 2 3 4
      15 4 3 2 1 35 1 2 3 4
      16 4 3 2 1 36 4 3 2 1
      17 1 2 3 4 37 1 2 3 4
      18 1 2 3 4 38 1 2 3 4
      19 4 3 2 1 39 4 3 2 1
      20 4 3 2 1 40 1 2 3 4
      Processing and analysis of test results

      When analyzing the results of anxiety self-assessment, it should be borne in mind that the overall final score for each of the subscales can range from 20 to 80 points. At the same time, the higher the final indicator, the higher the level of anxiety (situational or personal).

      When interpreting the indicators, the following indicative estimates of anxiety can be used:

  • up to 30 points- low,
  • 31 - 44 points- moderate;
  • 45 and over- high.

Persons categorized highly anxious tend to perceive a threat to their self-esteem and life in a wide range of situations and respond with a very pronounced state of anxiety. If a psychological test expresses a high indicator of personal anxiety in a subject, then this gives reason to assume that he has a state of anxiety in a variety of situations, especially when they relate to assessing his competence and prestige.

Persons with high anxiety rating should create a sense of confidence and success. They need to shift the focus from external exactingness, categoricalness, and high significance in setting goals to a meaningful understanding of activities and specific planning for subtasks.

For low anxiety people, on the contrary, need awakening activity, emphasizing the motivational components of activity, arousing interest, highlighting a sense of responsibility in solving certain problems.

Sources
  • Anxiety research (C.D. Spielberger, adaptation by Yu.L. Khanin)/ Diagnostics of emotional and moral development. Ed. and comp. Dermanova I.B. - SPb., 2002. S.124-126.

The method of subjective assessment of situational and personal anxiety Ch.D. Spielberger and Yu.L. Khanin (an anxiety test by Spielberger Khanin) determines the level of anxiety based on a self-esteem scale (high, medium, low anxiety).

Situational anxiety (ST) occurs as a reaction to stressors, most often of a socio-psychological nature (expectation of an aggressive reaction, a threat to self-esteem, etc.). Personal (LT) - gives an idea of ​​the susceptibility of the individual to the effects of certain stressors due to their individual characteristics.

Situational and personal anxiety are associated with types of temperament (according to J. Strelyau). So a high level of involvement in activities (i.e. a high level of ST) is typical for melancholics, an average level for a phlegmatic person, a low level for a choleric person and, last but not least, for a sanguine person.
Another picture can be observed when compared with types of temperament (according to J. Strelyau) with personal anxiety (LT). A high level of personal anxiety, indicating a high personal activity, is observed in sanguine and melancholic people, a low level - for a phlegmatic and choleric person.

Anxiety scale. Spielberger Hanin's Anxiety Test. (Method of assessing anxiety Ch.D. Spielberger and Yu.L. Khanin):

Anxiety test, part I.

Instruction.

Read carefully each of the sentences below and cross out the appropriate number to the right, depending on HOW YOU FEEL AT THE MOMENT. Answer the first thing that comes to mind.

Self-Assessment Scale (ST) - Test material (questions)

№ no, it's not like that at all perhaps so right quite right
1. I am calm 1 2 3 4
2. Nothing threatens me 1 2 3 4
3. I'm under pressure 1 2 3 4
4. I feel regret 1 2 3 4
5. I feel free 1 2 3 4
6. I'm sad 1 2 3 4
7. I'm worried about possible failures 1 2 3 4
8. I feel rested 1 2 3 4
9. I'm uptight 1 2 3 4
10. I feel a sense of inner satisfaction 1 2 3 4
11. I'm confident 1 2 3 4
12. I'm nervous 1 2 3 4
13 I can't find my place 1 2 3 4
14. I'm energized 1 2 3 4
15. I do not feel stiffness, tension 1 2 3 4
16. I am satisfied 1 2 3 4
17. I'm preoccupied 1 2 3 4
18. I'm too excited and I'm not myself 1 2 3 4
19. I'm happy 1 2 3 4
20. I'm pleased 1 2 3 4

Anxiety test, part II.

Instruction.

Read each of the following sentences carefully and cross out the appropriate number to the right, depending on how YOU USUALLY FEEL. Answer the first thing that comes to mind.

The anticipation of difficulties worries me greatly.
I worry too much about trifles.

Self-Assessment Scale (LT)

№ no, it's not like that at all perhaps so right quite right
1. I feel pleasure 1 2 3 4
2. I get tired quickly 1 2 3 4
3. I can cry easily 1 2 3 4
4. I would like to be as happy as others 1 2 3 4
5. Sometimes I lose because I don't make decisions fast enough. 1 2 3 4
6. I feel upbeat 1 2 3 4
7. I am calm, cool and collected 1 2 3 4
8. The expectation of difficulties worries me a lot. 1 2 3 4
9. I worry too much about trifles 1 2 3 4
10. I am quite happy 1 2 3 4
11. I take everything too personally 1 2 3 4
12. I lack self-confidence 1 2 3 4
13. I feel safe 1 2 3 4
14. I try to avoid critical situations and difficulties 1 2 3 4
15. I get blues 1 2 3 4
16. I am satisfied 1 2 3 4
17. All sorts of trifles distract and excite me 1 2 3 4
18. I experience my disappointments so much that I can’t forget about them for a long time. 1 2 3 4
19. I am a balanced person 1 2 3 4
20. I am overcome with great anxiety when I think about my affairs and worries. 1 2 3 4

The key to the anxiety test.

Also known as the Spielberger Questionnaire. Author of Methods Ch.D. Spielberger. In Russia, the technique was adapted by Yu.L. Khanin.

Purpose of the technique

The Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) is an informative way to self-assess the level of anxiety at the moment (reactive anxiety as a state) and personal anxiety (as a stable characteristic of a person). Developed by Ch.D. Spielberger and adapted by Yu.L. Khanin.

Theoretical basis

The measurement of anxiety as a personality trait is especially important, since this property largely determines the behavior of the subject. A certain level of anxiety is a natural and obligatory feature of an active active person. Each person has their own optimal, or desirable, level of anxiety - this is the so-called useful anxiety. A person's assessment of his state in this respect is an essential component of self-control and self-education for him.

Personal anxiety is understood as a stable individual characteristic that reflects the subject's predisposition to anxiety and suggests that he has a tendency to perceive a fairly wide "fan" of situations as threatening, responding to each of them with a certain reaction. As a predisposition, personal anxiety is activated when certain stimuli are perceived by a person as dangerous to self-esteem, self-esteem. Situational or reactive anxiety as a condition is characterized by subjectively experienced emotions: tension, anxiety, concern, nervousness. This state occurs as an emotional reaction to a stressful situation and can be different in intensity and dynamism over time.

Individuals classified as highly anxious tend to perceive a threat to their self-esteem and life in a wide range of situations and respond with a very pronounced state of anxiety. If a psychological test expresses a high indicator of personal anxiety in a subject, then this gives reason to assume that he has a state of anxiety in a variety of situations, especially when they relate to assessing his competence and prestige.

Most of the known methods for measuring anxiety allow you to evaluate only either personal anxiety, or a state of anxiety, or more specific reactions. The only method that allows differentially measuring anxiety both as a personal property and as a state is the method proposed by C. D. Spielberger. In Russian, his scale was adapted by Yu. L. Khanin.

Procedure

Instruction

Read each of the following sentences carefully and cross out the number in the appropriate box on the right, depending on how you feel at the moment. Do not think about questions for a long time, because there are no right and wrong answers.

Results processing

Processing the results includes the following steps:

  • Determination of indicators of situational and personal anxiety using the key.
  • Based on the assessment of the level of anxiety, making recommendations for correcting the behavior of the subject.
  • Calculation of the average group indicator of situational anxiety (ST) and personal anxiety (LT) and their comparative analysis depending, for example, on the gender of the subjects.

Key

ST Answers LT Answers
№№ 1 2 3 4 №№ 1 2 3 4
situational anxiety Personal anxiety
1 4 3 2 1 21 4 3 2 1
2 4 3 2 1 22 1 2 3 4
3 1 2 3 4 23 1 2 3 4
4 1 2 3 4 24 1 2 3 4
5 4 3 2 1 25 1 2 3 4
6 1 2 3 4 26 4 3 2 1
7 1 2 3 4 27 4 3 2 1
8 4 3 2 1 28 1 2 3 4
9 1 2 3 4 29 1 2 3 4
10 4 3 2 1 30 4 3 2 1
11 4 3 2 1 31 1 2 3 4
12 1 2 3 4 32 1 2 3 4
13 1 2 3 4 33 1 2 3 4
14 1 2 3 4 34 1 2 3 4
15 4 3 2 1 35 1 2 3 4
16 4 3 2 1 36 4 3 2 1
17 1 2 3 4 37 1 2 3 4
18 1 2 3 4 38 1 2 3 4
19 4 3 2 1 39 4 3 2 1
20 4 3 2 1 40 1 2 3 4

Interpretation of results

When analyzing the results of self-assessment, it should be borne in mind that the overall final indicator for each of the subscales can range from 20 to 80 points. At the same time, the higher the final indicator, the higher the level of anxiety (situational or personal).

When interpreting the indicators, the following indicative estimates of anxiety can be used:

  • up to 30 points - low,
  • 31 - 44 points - moderate;
  • 45 or more is high.

Persons categorized highly anxious tend to perceive a threat to their self-esteem and life in a wide range of situations and respond with a very pronounced state of anxiety. If a psychological test expresses a high indicator of personal anxiety in a subject, then this gives reason to assume that he has a state of anxiety in a variety of situations, especially when they relate to assessing his competence and prestige.

Individuals with a high anxiety score should develop a sense of confidence and success. They need to shift the focus from external exactingness, categoricalness, and high significance in setting goals to a meaningful understanding of activities and specific planning for subtasks.

For low anxiety people, on the contrary, need awakening activity, emphasizing the motivational components of activity, arousing interest, highlighting a sense of responsibility in solving certain problems.

State reactive (situational) alarm occurs when you get into a stressful situation and is characterized by subjective discomfort, tension, anxiety and autonomic arousal. Naturally, this state is characterized by instability in time and varying intensity depending on the strength of the impact of the stressful situation. Thus, the value of the final indicator on this subscale allows us to assess not only the level of the subject's actual anxiety, but also to determine whether he is under the influence of a stressful situation and what is the intensity of this impact on him.

Personal anxiety is a constitutional trait that determines the tendency to perceive a threat in a wide range of situations. With high personal anxiety, each of these situations will have a stressful effect on the subject and cause him pronounced anxiety. Very high personal anxiety directly correlates with the presence of a neurotic conflict, with emotional and neurotic breakdowns and psychosomatic diseases.

Comparison of the results on both subscales makes it possible to assess the individual significance of the stressful situation for the subject. The Spielberger scale, due to its relative simplicity and effectiveness, is widely used in the clinic for various purposes: determining the severity of anxious experiences, assessing the state in dynamics, etc.

Stimulus material

test material

see also

Literature

  1. Batarshev A.V. Basic psychological properties and self-determination of personality: A practical guide to psychological diagnostics. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2005. P. 44-49.
  2. Diagnostics of emotional and moral development / Ed. and comp. I.B. Dermanova. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house "Rech", 2002. P. 124-126.
  3. Workshop on the psychology of states: Textbook / Ed. prof. O.A. Prokhorov. - St. Petersburg: Speech, 2004. S.121-122.

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