Human freedom is the foundation of the rule of law essay. "Only a strong state provides freedom to its citizens" Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Will you be so kind -
"Citizen's freedom is the basis of the rule of law"
Provide evidence to support this view.

Of course it is. This comes from democratic foundations, if a person has freedom, then there is equality. If a person with other people is equal in rights, he is free and the state cannot dictate his living conditions, then the state can be considered legal. People and society build the state themselves, and what they decide: to be free or slaves and decides whether the state will come out in the end

On the Omnipotence of the Majority in the United States of America
and its consequences
The basis of democratic forms of government is the undivided power of the majority, since, apart from it, there is nothing permanent in democratic states. ..
Of all kinds of political power, the legislature best obeys the will of the majority. By the will of the Ameicans, its representatives are directly elected by the people and for a very short term. This forces them to express not only the founding views of their constituents, but also their transient passions. Representatives of the same classes can become members of both chambers, the procedure for their election is the same. In this regard, the legislative body is confirmed by the same rapid and inevitable changes as one single assembly. Having given the legislature such a structure, the Americans will hand over almost all the functions of government to it. ..
The law did not provide any stability or independence to representatives of the executive power, it completely subordinated them to the whims of the legislature. In many states, the formation of the judiciary was also given to the will of the majority, since it was elected, and in all states the judiciary depended on the legislature: the representatives of the people had the right to annually appoint a salary to judges. ..
In the United States a habit is spreading more and more which in the end may nullify the possibility of a representative form of government. Very often, when electing a deputy, voters outline a plan of action for him and give him some specific instructions that he is obliged to carry out.
Alexis de Tocqueville
1. What are the three branches of government named by the author?
2. With what words does the author characterize the connection between the legislative and executive powers, and with what words - the legislative and judicial?
3. Formulate any three principles of political power that are described in the text. Name an additional principle of democratic power not mentioned in the text.
4. The author writes that the best thing is to obey the will of the majority of the legislature. Based on the text and knowledge of the course, give two arguments that can support the author's point of view.

1. Legislative, judicial and executive
2. The law did not provide any stability or independence to representatives of the executive power, it completely subordinated them to the whims of the legislator. In all states, the judiciary depended on the legislature (people's representatives had the right to annually appoint a salary to judges)
3.-representatives of the legislature are elected directly by the people. -the rulers of the legislature are elected for a very short term, and in an effort to be re-elected, express the views of their constituents. - when choosing a deputy, the voters outline a plan of action for him and give instructions that he must carry out.
4.-separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial. - bicameral legislature

Aristotle, discussing the role of the state in economic affairs, noted that "the goal of the state is a joint promotion to a high quality of life." Do you share this point of view? Justify your answer.

I share ... since the state benefits from the fact that people in this state have a high quality of life ... that is, when people feel good in it ... and the benefit lies in the fact that people do not create revolutionary parties that can later overthrow the old state and establish a new one ... according to them opinion that creates a better, higher quality of life. ..

The state should support the economy, which in turn improves the quality of life of the population

What is religion? How did you understand the expression: religion is a system of beliefs and actions, with the help of which the fundamental questions of human life are solved? What are the issues? Does mythology exist today? Do you believe in it? Prove your point. describe fetishism! Give examples of its manifestations today! When and why did animism appear? What religions are called world? Are beliefs and religious belief different? And where would you believe in UFOs?

Religion is a special form of understanding the world, due to belief in the supernatural, which includes a set of moral norms and types of behavior.

This means that there are many religions and each person has his own duties that she "interprets" i.e. It obliges one or another person to comply with these rules. Questions are resolved in a moral sense. Mythology exists, but I don't believe in it. .. The fact that all the developed countries of the world believe in one God. As for fetishism, the answer is simple, for example, Lenin in the mausoleum. The communists believed in him that he would soon rise again, this means faith in some subject. ..

When did animism originate? This is when a primitive man believed in spirits, etc. And why, because they believed that every animal has a soul, and if it is correctly influenced, for example, to draw and pierce it, then you can believe in a successful hunt. Religions are called world, which means that most of the world professes a particular religion. Belief means just believing, and religious means believing and trying to support it.

I would classify belief in UFOs as mere beliefs. ..

Help with social studies

#1 What Kinds of Democracy Are There? How do they differ?

#2 What distinguishes the state from other political organizations?

a) the exclusive right to make laws;

b) determining the prospects for the development of society;

c) development of political programs;

d) promotion of political leaders;

#3 What conditions determine the citizenship of children?

№4 Can we say that when deciding on the citizenship of children, Russian legislation seeks to take into account the interests of the child as much as possible? Argument your point of view.

№5 A citizen of the Russian Federation married a citizen of Spain, they had children in Russia. A few years later, the couple divorced, the father left for his homeland. The mother and children remained in Russia. Children are considered citizens of what state?

#6 What are the main principles of law enforcement?

№7 What types of human rights and freedoms do you know?

№8 What distinguishes the constitution from other normative legal acts?

№9 What is the object of civil law relations?

№10 What types of subjects of civil law relations do you know? What characterizes each of them?

#11 What is the legal meaning of a family?

#12 What are the political rights of a citizen?

a) the right to privacy

b) the right to apply to the authorities;

c) the right to protection of motherhood and childhood;

d) the right to freedom of creativity;

№13 What is the economic rights of a citizen?

a) the right to free choice of profession;

b) the right to apply to the authorities;

c) the right to social security by age;

d) the right to a healthy environment;

#14 Which of the following is a crime?

a) causing grievous bodily harm through negligence;

b) consumption of narcotic drugs without a doctor's prescription;

C) campaigning for a candidate during the period of its prohibition;

d) evasion of compensation for property damage;

№15 Guess why the period of conscription in the army is counted in the insurance experience.

No. 16. Explain why caring for a disabled person of the 1st group, a disabled child, a person over 80 years of age is included in the insurance experience.

Thank you sooooo much in advance!

Dominant branch of government

parliamentary democracy. The government is appointed by the legislature. The government and its head (prime minister) may also be accountable to a ceremonial head of state (monarch, president, or special body). In a parliamentary republic, the head of state is periodically elected by the parliament, or this position is combined by the chairman of the government. Presidential republic. The President is directly elected by the people and is the head of the executive branch. there are also mixed systems.

Regional hierarchy of power

unitary state. Political power is concentrated in the hands of the central government, which determines the scope of power of regional authorities. Federation. According to the constitution, power is divided between the central government and the relatively autonomous regional governments.

Structure of the legislature

Unicameral Parliament. Normative acts are adopted at meetings with the participation of all members of parliament. bicameral parliament. The Legislative Assembly consists of two chambers, which are formed and function separately. Some regulations may require the approval of only one chamber, others - both chambers.

The system of elections to representative bodies

Majoritarian electoral system. The territory is divided into districts, each of which has the right to one representative in the legislative assembly. The candidate who receives the majority of votes becomes the deputy. proportional electoral system. Political parties in the legislature receive a number of seats proportional to the number of votes they collect. Group electoral system. Certain groups of the population nominate their deputies according to a pre-negotiated quota.

Number of leading parties

Two party system. The political spectrum is dominated by two major parties. Multi-party system. The appointment of a government is usually preceded by the formation of a ruling coalition of two or more parties represented in the legislature.

Choose one of the statements below and state your thoughts (your point of view, attitude) about the problem raised. When completing the task, use the relevant concepts of the social science course and, based on the knowledge gained in the social science course, as well as the facts of social life and your own life experience, give the necessary arguments to justify your position. The brighter individuality manifests itself, the more it strives for unity with everything that exists. (R. Tagore.) The higher the position of a person, the more stringent should be the framework that restrains the self-will of his character. (G. Freitag.)

The higher the position of a person in society, the more stringent should be the framework that restrains the willfulness of his character. In my opinion, the greater the speed, the more powerful the engine in the car, the more experienced the racer should be, and in life, when they put a person in leadership positions, he must correspond to his position; he took care of himself but also stole money from the state, he used the position from this, that’s all, and if such officials are like that, then what kind of state can there be a little war and everything will never happen to defeat, responsibility must be at the highest level

A person with a high position in society should always look appropriate for his rank - this is an old and well-known truth. But from my personal point of view, this truth is long outdated)
In the modern world, character is a kind of brand and with its help it is quite possible to reach certain heights. In your work you should bring a small share of your character and then your achievements will take on a more colorful look)
Thus, your brand or other type of work will become more interesting to people and you will become more respected in society)

Compare two statements: “What are kingdoms (states) without justice, if not big bands of robbers? .. There can be no law where there is no true justice. cannot be done rightly" (Augustine (354-530), Christian theologian) "From the standpoint of legal science, the right under the rule of the Nazis [we are talking about the German fascists] is the right. We may regret this, but we cannot deny that it was right. We may feel disgust towards it, like... To a poisonous snake, but we cannot deny that it exists "(G. Kelsen (1881-1973), Austrian lawyer) What is your attitude to these statements? Explain your point of view. From what positions do you proceed in your assessment? What is your attitude to these statements? Explain your point of view. From what positions do you proceed in your assessment?

Here we have collected 2 statements in one it says that there should be justice in everything without it, there will only be destruction and there will be nothing good, and in the second justice is different and this is an example of the fascists who wanted to create their nation with a pure fair current, but the ways of creation are different for everyone).

In my opinion, of course, 1 statement is more appropriate in our time, because there must be fair, there must be a law and everyone must comply with it, without it there will be only robberies and robberies. But if we analyze the fascists, after all, the goals they had were just good to create a single nation and a pure current, because they chose the paths of realization for everyone by means of murders, which is not good).

compare 2 sentences

1. "What are kingdoms (states) without justice, if not big bands of robbers? .... There can be no law where there is no true justice. cannot be done rightly" (Augustine (354-530), Christian theologian) 2. "From the standpoint of legal science, the right under the rule of the Nazis [we are talking about the German fascists] is the right. We may regret it, but we cannot deny that it was right. We may feel disgust for him, like ... for a poisonous snake, but we cannot deny that it exists "(G. Kelsen (1881-1973), Austrian lawyer) What is your attitude to these statements Explain your point of view. From what positions do you proceed in your assessment?

In the 1st point of view, we are talking about justice, of course, there should be fairness, but as long as it does not threaten everyone, the 2nd points of view seem to be intertwined in the second point of view, justice turned into aggression against the whole world; you rightly pass a verdict so that there would be no robbery and no house, but it’s another matter when under justice people hide behind to kill

Law as a social regulator is, first of all, an instrumental value, that is, a value that acts as an instrument, instrument, means that ensures the functioning of other social institutions. However, it is important to emphasize that the right has its own value. In the most general way, the intrinsic value of law can be defined as the expression and personification of the right of social freedom and activity of people on the basis of orderly relations and in accordance with justice, the need to harmonize the will and interests of various segments of the population, social groups.
Even when the law acts as the right of the strong or the right of power, when its content often does not correspond to the needs of progress in its main characteristics, it still represents a socially valuable, albeit extremely limited, phenomenon in comparison with what opposes it. - with arbitrariness, with self-will, with the subjectivism of individuals and groups. After all, social freedom and activity of people can have a different character. Unbound by law, outside of law, they can develop into arbitrariness without barriers. In law, social freedom and activity to some extent reflect the unity of freedom and responsibility, exist within the framework outlined by law, in combination with legal obligations. The inherent value of law is directly conditioned by its social nature and very significantly depends on the stage of development of society, the stage of civilization, the nature of the political regime.
(S. S. Alekseev)
Tasks:
3. The author claims that “… even when the law acts as the right of the strong or the right of power…. It is nevertheless a socially valuable phenomenon. » Based on the text and knowledge of the social science course, give three arguments supporting the author's point of view.
4. The author argues that the inherent value of law depends on the stage of development of society, the stage of civilization, the nature of the political regime. Based on the knowledge of the social science course, other academic disciplines and social experience, give three arguments that support the author's point of view.

3.

1) Even when the law "works" not to its full "power" determined by historical conditions, and, moreover, even under authoritarian political regimes, when it acquires a statistic character, it acts as the right of the strong or the right of power, when its content is based on the main its characteristics often does not correspond to the needs of progress, it is still a socially valuable, although extremely limited phenomenon, in comparison with what opposes it - with arbitrariness, with self-will, with the subjectivism of individuals and groups.

2) After all, social freedom and activity of people can have a different character.

Unbound by law, outside of law, they can develop into arbitrariness without barriers.

3) In law, social freedom and activity to some extent reflect the unity of freedom and orderliness of social relations, responsibility, are embedded in subjective rights, exist within the framework outlined by law, in combination with legal obligations, in conjunction with guarantees, legal procedures. In this way, they are restrained to the point where freedom and activity can turn into uncontrolled action, arbitrariness, unlimited freedom, chaos.

4.

1) The intrinsic value of law is directly determined by its social nature and very significantly depends on the stage of development of society, the stage of civilization, the nature of the political regime and, accordingly, on the stage of its "humanitarian ascent" - the movement from the law of a strong to the law of civil society.

2) Law by its properties is such a social phenomenon that is caused by the need to introduce normative principles into social life, to organize and order based on the principles of social freedom, activity, responsibility, and therefore, by its nature, it resists arbitrariness and lawlessness.

3) And it is not at all accidental that in all historical epochs, reactionary political regimes in fact invariably acted as opponents of law and legality. It is precisely as a phenomenon that opposes arbitrariness and lawlessness and at the same time provides scope for orderly social freedom and activity, the law itself occupies a highly significant place in social life, acts as a factor in social progress.