Standard brick size. Standard brick: dimensions and characteristics Brick and its dimensions
When ordering materials, you need to know their parameters. Even such a well-known material as brick has a large number of types and varieties. The good news is that its parameters are standardized. The standard brick size and its qualitative characteristics are determined.
Types of building bricks
According to the material, the brick is ceramic (clay, red) and silicate (white). By appointment - ordinary (construction) and finishing (facade). An ordinary one is used for laying walls, it involves subsequent finishing, therefore a notch can be applied to the side faces (spoons) - in order for the plaster to hold better.
Types of bricks - ordinary and special
According to the method of molding, the brick is corpulent and hollow (hollow). Full-bodied is molded from a homogeneous composition. They are used where mechanical strength is important - foundations, load-bearing walls.
Hollow has a certain percentage of voids, due to which the weight of the structure is reduced, and thermal conductivity characteristics are improved. But the presence of voids significantly reduces sound insulation performance - voids work as resonators. So you have to use them wisely.
Ceramic brick size
Ceramic bricks are fired parallelepipeds molded from clay. Quality is largely determined by properly maintained firing parameters, as well as the composition of the clay solution. High-quality ceramic bricks can be used for any construction operation: for the construction of the foundation (solid), the construction of external walls and internal partitions.
Building bricks have certain dimensions defined by standards. The most commonly used single brick size is 250 * 120 * 65 mm
The main disadvantage of this building material is some variation in geometry. It is explained by the peculiarities of clay - it can be of different "fat content", which makes it difficult to accurately predict how much the size will decrease during drying / firing.
What to look for when choosing
When choosing a red brick, you should pay attention to its color. It displays the quality of the batch along with a parameter such as brick size. It is unburnt or burnt. The second option is not bad in operation (it looks darker than usual), and it is better not to use unburned brick (lighter and looser) at all - it falls apart very quickly.
The second point that you need to pay attention to is the absence of extraneous inclusions. Most often there are light points and expanded clay. Both lead to the rapid destruction of the brick. So we choose only batches with a uniform color without any additives.
More quality criteria
That is, the requirements for ordinary building bricks are quite loyal. The presence of these defects does not affect the quality of the masonry, and the decorative component is unimportant, since it is assumed that there is a finish. Do not forget to check the size of the brick - in one batch, the run-up should not be more than 3 mm.
The requirements for finishing (facing) ceramic bricks are more stringent. Invalid:
- Chips of edges with a depth of more than 1.5 cm.
- There should be no cracks.
- The ribs should not have bruises more than 3 mm wide and more than 1.5 cm long.
To meet these requirements, the finishing bricks are laid on pallets, the corners are protected with boards knocked down at an angle, the entire structure is wrapped with a film. It is transported in this way.
Dimensions
The optimal size of a clay brick (red, ceramic) was determined historically. It has been produced for thousands of years, as a result, the ideal combination of lengths has been worked out, which is reflected in the standard. It was adopted only in the last century. There are three standard options available:
Of the features - a single brick is full-bodied, hollow. One and a half and double - only hollow, otherwise they turn out to be too heavy for comfortable work.
In addition to the standard ones, there is a reduced brick. It is produced in Europe, but it also comes to us. Its parameters and international designation are summarized in the table.
| Marking | brick size | Consumption |
|---|---|---|
| D.F. | 240*115*52mm | 64 pieces/m2 |
| RF | 240*115*65mm | 54 pcs/m2 |
| NF | 240*115*71mm | 48 pcs/m2 |
| WDF | 210*100*65mm | 59 pcs/m2 |
| 2DF | 240*115*113mm | 32 pcs/m2 |
What size is better
In the post-Soviet space, a single brick is most often used. It is very familiar to our eyes; many masonry schemes have been developed for it. It is worth learning from such material.
One and a half bricks are used less frequently. It provides some economic benefit. Firstly, a cubic meter costs a little lower. Secondly, since the masonry fragments are larger, less mortar is consumed. Thirdly, work goes faster. Time is saved due to the larger size. But it is more difficult to work with a brick and a half, even if it is hollow - it is hard to hold in your hand. And the appearance of the wall is unusual.
Double brick is more often called ceramic building stone. When using it, the most tangible effect is the speed of construction. In addition, the solution savings are also increased. But it will not work to grab such a brick with one hand. Therefore, it is better to work with an assistant. The appearance of the masonry leaves much to be desired, so an exterior finish is desirable.
If we talk about other countries, then in Europe the most popular ones are NF and DF. Imported ceramic brick NF has almost the same proportions as the domestic one. Category DF - thinner, masonry looks elegant.
Silicate brick dimensions
Silicate brick is made from quartz sand (9 parts) and lime (1 part), a certain amount of additives. This building material has better thermal conductivity characteristics (conducts heat worse), less weight. The technology is such that it is easier to maintain geometric dimensions, so there are usually no problems.
But it is not as hard as red brick, besides it is afraid of moisture - with prolonged contact with moisture, it begins to crumble. Because of this, the main area of \u200b\u200buse is for the construction of walls and partitions. Neither for the foundation, nor for the basement floor, nor for laying the chimney, it can not be used.
The second area of application is as a finishing material. The base composition has a white, slightly grayish color. You can add any dye to it and get a colored brick.
The dimensions of the building silicate brick are the same as those of the ceramic one: single has a height of 65 mm, one and a half - 88 mm, double - 138 mm.
Single and one-and-a-half silicate bricks can be solid and hollow. Single corpulent weighs 3.6 kg, hollow - depending on the size of the voids 1.8-2.2 kg. A full-bodied one and a half has a mass of 4.9 kg, and a hollow one - 4.0-4.3 kg.
Double silicate brick is usually made hollow. Its weight is 6.7 kg. Full-bodied are rare - because of the large mass (7.7 kg), it is difficult to work with them.
Weight of one piece: ceramic, silicate, ordinary, facial
The weight of the brick is needed firstly, to calculate the foundation, this parameter is especially important when; secondly, for cargo transportation; and thirdly, to determine the quality and compliance with the requirements of GOST.
| brick type | Purpose | View | Nominal dimensions | emptiness | The weight | Water absorption |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceramic GOST 530-2007 | private (worker) | single, full bodied | 250*120*65 | 0% | 3.3 - 3.6 kg | 10 -12% |
| single, hollow (hollow, slotted) | 250*120*65 | 30-32% | 2.5 - 3.0 kg (at 6% voidness weight 3.8 kg) | 12 -17% | ||
| one and a half, full bodied | 250*120*88 | 0% | 4 - 4.3 kg | 12 -17% | ||
| one and a half, hollow | 250*120*88 | 30-32% | 3.5 kg (at 6% voidness - 4.7 kg) | 12 -17% | ||
| double, full bodied | 250*120*140 | 0% | 6.6 - 7.24 kg | 12 - 17% | ||
| double, hollow | 250*120*140 | 30-32% | 5.0 - 6.0 kg | 12- 17% | ||
| facing (facial) | single, full bodied | 250*120*65 | 0% | 2.6 kg | 9 - 14% | |
| single hollow | 250*120*65 | 30-36% | 1.32 - 1.6 kg | 9 -1 4% | ||
| one and a half hollow | 250*120*88 | 30-36% | 2.7 - 3.5 kg | 9 - 14% | ||
| Silicate GOST 379-95 | private (worker) | single solid | 250*120*65 | 0% | 3.7 - 3.8 kg (according to GOST) | |
| single hollow | 250*120*65 | 15-31% | 3.1 - 3.3 kg | |||
| one and a half corpulent | 250*120*88 | 0% | 4.2 - 5.0 kg | |||
| one and a half hollow | 250*120*88 | 15-31% | 4.2 - 5 kg | |||
| double hollow | 250*120*140 | 15-31% | 5.3 - 5.4 kg | |||
| facing (facial) | single solid | 250*120*65 | 0% | 3.5 - 3.9 kg | ||
| one and a half corpulent | 250*120*88 | 0% | 3.7 - 4.3 kg | |||
| one and a half hollow | 250*120*88 | 15-31% | 3.7 - 4.2 kg |
In addition to standard-sized bricks, there are a large number of lightweight finishing bricks. For example, there is a silicate one and a half, which weighs only a little more than a standard single - 4.1-5.0 kg.
There is the so-called "American" - with a standard single size and a weight of only 2.5 kg. Lightweight versions can be used in case of lack of foundation bearing capacity. Although, it is better to use a lighter finish - facade slabs, for example.
Fireclay brick parameters
For the construction of stoves, fireplaces in the zone of contact with fire, a special fire-resistant brick is used. In its production, a special grade of clay is used - fireclay. Therefore, such a brick is also called fireclay. The production process is the same as building red bricks - shaping, drying, firing in a kiln. But, due to the special properties of fireclay, the resulting building material can easily withstand prolonged contact with open fire. In everyday life, two brands of general-purpose refractory bricks are used - ShA and ShB. ShA can withstand temperatures up to 1690°C, ShB - up to 1650°C, all other parameters are identical. Therefore, they have the same scope - this is the molding of fireboxes for fireplaces and stoves.
The size of the refractory brick is to be coded in the number after the abbreviation:
- ShB-5, ShA 5 - 230 * 114 * 65 mm;
- ShB-6, ShA 6, ShA 14 - 230 * 114 * 40 mm (bream);
- ShB-8, ShA 8 - 250*125*65 mm;
- ShB-9, ShA 9 - 300 * 150-65 mm;
Most often, ShA 8 or ShB 8 are used. They coincide in length and thickness with ceramic red brick, from which the rest of the furnace is laid. There is also a wedge-shaped refractory brick - to form the vaults of the firebox and smooth curves in the horizontal plane.
There are two types of wedge refractory bricks:
This is not all sizes and types of fireclay bricks. You will find more in GOST 8691-73.
Clinker brick
Clinker brick is another special type of ceramic brick. In its manufacture, a special type of clay is used - refractory shale. The molded blocks are fired at a very high temperature of 1200°C. As a result of this processing, the clay acquires the properties of ceramics, the color - from dark red to rich brown.
Clinker bricks have very high strength and abrasion resistance. From it you can pave roads, finish the porch. And they will serve for centuries. The surface of the clinker is even, smooth, shiny. That allows you to use it also as a finishing brick - for finishing facades, etc.
The shape and size of clinker bricks can be very different - there are a lot of them, since there are not only standard ones - in the form of a parallelepiped, but also with rounded edges beveled at different angles.
Red brick is a building material that is excellent in its characteristics. It is characterized by properties such as strength and long service life. In the field of construction, it began to be used already 4000 years ago. In the course of the development of standard brick production, the appearance of the product, its shape, and size will constantly change.
Thanks to such a centuries-old history, today red brick is presented in the construction market in a wide range, which includes about 15,000 types. Each of them differs in its textures and colors. All varieties of red brick are classified into certain conditional categories, which determine the composition, structure, color and purpose.
Description of standard red brick
For the manufacture of the usual presented product, clay mixed with water is used, which is then fired. As a result, the sample is exposed to high temperatures, which contribute to the formation of irreversible chemical processes.
In the photo - the dimensions of the red brick
During the acquisition of this product, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the quality characteristics, but also to the type and dimensions of the red brick. Thanks to all these indicators, it acquires a variety of properties that have an impact on performance.
You can find out how much a brick for a basement costs from this
In addition to its attractiveness, the presented product has a long service life and durability. As a result, it is possible to achieve the safety of erected buildings. In addition, the repair of facades, in the construction of which red brick was used, is very rare.
Which brick is best suited for the oven can be found in this
On the video - the size of a standard red brick:
You can find out the properties of ceramic bricks from this
The size of an ordinary building brick
Since red brick has a different classification, each type has its own dimensions. For an ordinary standard red brick, the length remains unchanged - 250 mm, width - 120 mm, but as for the thickness, it depends on the type of product: single- 65 mm, double– 130 mm and modular- 88 mm. : 250*120*88.
About what sizes of white silicate brick can be found here from this
Types and standard according to GOST
full bodied
The classic dimensions of this product are actively used in the construction of load-bearing and reinforced buildings, the construction of foundations, stoves and fireplaces. Such a marking is typical for such a product: M-075, M-100, M-125, M-175. The level of frost resistance can reach F50. What size? The dimensions of a single red block will be 250x120x65 mm. And varies depending on the size. The cost of these products will be 9.4-16 rubles apiece.
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Often, land owners are faced with the problem of construction. And the right choice of building material plays a big role in this matter. The most common in this sense is red brick, which is suitable for the construction of most different structures. What do you need to know to correctly calculate the amount of building material? Of course, these are the dimensions of the red brick, as well as the purpose of its various types. This is what we are going to look into now. And to begin with, it is worth clarifying general information on such material.
Ordinary full-bodied red brick - it is packaged on such pallets
There are several types of this building material, depending on the area of its application. He can be:
- Regular corpulent;
- Facing;
- Furnace;
- For the foundation.
If we talk about the methods and materials used in its manufacture, then they are fundamentally different. But still, there are similarities. For example, red solid brick, like all others, is ceramic, while white is silicate. The standard dimensions of an ordinary brick are 250 × 120 × 65 mm. As for the other varieties, we will talk about them a little lower.
Someone may say that the size information is superfluous, but this would be a big mistake. Indeed, during construction, these data are necessary for an accurate calculation of the material consumption for a particular structure.
First you need to understand that this building material, like any other product, must be checked upon purchase. Indeed, not only the beauty and aesthetics of the structure, but also the safety of those living in it or using it depend on its quality. In addition, both the convenience of work and the quality of the final result depend on the choice of the size and shape of the product. Here we will talk about the types of these materials now.
Red brick - dimensions and markings of this building material
In this section, we will consider in detail the sizes of certain types, and also try to understand which one is applicable for what and whether interchangeability of one type with another is possible. We have already mentioned the sizes of ordinary red bricks, but only superficially. Based on its popularity, it makes sense to dwell on this issue in more detail.
There are two ways to manufacture such products - this is the method of semi-dry and plastic formation. Let's try to consider each of them.
plastic forming method is as follows. Clay is prepared, stones are removed from it, after which it is steamed to the state of plasticine. Further, with the help of a special machine, it is cut into blanks, which are slightly larger than the dimensions of red brick, because. during the drying process, the material shrinks slightly. After that, the blanks are dried. At the same time, it is important to comply with the technology, otherwise the product will crack and will be unsuitable for construction. The last step is firing at high temperatures.
With semi-dry shaping moistened clay is ground into powder and rammed into molds, which are immediately sent to the kiln for firing. Thus, the drying process is eliminated.
Important information! When purchasing such a building material, you should pay attention to the absence or presence of cracks. If there are quite a lot of them, then the manufacturing technology was not observed. The color is also important. If it is too light, the product was not burned, and if it has a black tint, then it was burned. Both are unacceptable and it is not worth acquiring such a building material.
The marking, which is designated as M-100, M-125, M-150, M-200, M-250 or M-500, is also of great importance. To make it clearer, you need to clarify. The number after the letter "M" indicates the maximum pressure in kg / cm 2 that the building material can withstand. This means that the M-250, for example, can withstand a pressure of 250 kg / cm 2.
Dimensions of standard red brick and the difference in dimensions
It should be noted here that the manufacturer offers three subspecies of such material, both solid and hollow. This is:
- Single, with a size of 250×120×65 mm;
- One and a half. Slightly wider than the previous version. Its dimensions are 250×120×88 mm;
- Double- the width of this brick is even larger, and is 250 × 120 × 138 mm.
There are other varieties, but in our country they are less in demand. This does not apply to figured facing products, which may not have a specific shape at all. The height of a red brick is always the same. This is done for the convenience of combining its types during construction, as well as facing.
Important advice! Despite the similar dimensions of a solid red brick and its hollow appearance, in no case should load-bearing walls be erected from the second one, on which the load will be carried out, because. it has less strength and is not designed for this.
Red facing brick - sizes, varieties and features
Here, attention should already be paid to smoother, sometimes even glazed walls (facets). Moreover, such material will not necessarily have the shape of a rectangle - it can also be figured. Although there is a kind of facing brick with "broken", as if torn edges.
The peculiarity of such a material is a structure that is more resistant to temperature extremes and weather phenomena. But it should be noted that this stability is inherent only to the outer faces. Its working surfaces(those on which the solution is applied) are not protected from this. That is why it is of great importance to refine and grout the joints with a solution at the end of the work.
Important information! If you sell cheap and purchase low-quality facing material, there is a possibility of chipping already in the second year of operation. That is why you should be especially careful when choosing it.
The sizes of facing bricks differ from full-bodied ones. They can be either single or half. Also on the building materials market there are products with a width of ¾. The rest of the dimensions of a single facing brick or other types are the same with a full-bodied variant.
Dimensions of kiln red brick and its features
A feature of this building material is its resistance to high temperatures. It is also distinguished by low thermal conductivity, which determines its characteristics, which are ideal for stoves and fireplaces.
As for the price of a red stove brick, its range is quite wide and ranges from 20 to 1000 rubles. for 1 piece but we will talk about comparing the cost of one or another type a little later. Now it is important to understand what material is best to choose for a home stove or fireplace. Particular attention should be paid to the brand - it should be designated as M-250 or even M-500.
Important! Although the cost increases with the increase in the brand of the product, it is not worth saving on this. After all, if you purchase a fairly cheap material of lower grades, you may encounter a situation in which you will have to shift the furnace in a few years, and this process is many times more complicated than installing a new one.
The sizes of kiln bricks can be of two types:
- 250×120×65- standard, identical with full-bodied;
- 250×85×65- a few already standard.
The size of the red brick for the foundation - the main differences
The dimensions of an ordinary red brick are the same as those of a full-bodied one and, in fact, they are identical. The only thing that can be said about their differences is that a solid brick can be both stove and facing, while an ordinary brick is used only for plinths, foundations and internal partitions in rooms. Also, its main difference is in strength and unpresentable appearance. That is why such masonry is subsequently closed with plaster, facing materials, etc.
The dimensions of the basement red brick rarely matter, but there is proximity to the standards. The fact is that it can be quite uneven, which determines its low cost.
And yet, for any work, a preliminary calculation of the amount of material required is necessary. In this case, you can either calculate this parameter yourself or use the program.
Online masonry calculator - an easier way to plan
According to GOST, spoons, poke, bed are the names of the planes that form the sides of the brick. This building material has a long history. It was used in their work by ancient masons. Years passed, production technologies improved, new types of bricks appeared, but their traditional sizes remained practically unchanged.
The aspect ratio of this material is 1:1/2:1/4. Its proportional dimensions make it possible to provide the necessary strength of the masonry, and is also important. The dimensions of the bricks tied to the standards make it easy to calculate their number for the construction of a particular structure.
Brick dimensions according to GOST - height, length and width
Modern construction does not stand still. With the growth of requirements for the construction of houses, the range of brick sizes has also expanded:
- Single- 250x120x65 mm (fixed by GOST 530-2007). According to the European marking, they have the designation RF.
- Double- 250x120x138 mm.
- One and a half- 250x120x88 mm.
- Modular- 280x130x80 mm.
- Euro bricks h - 250x85x65 mm.
The most popular bricks in Europe are NF (normal) - 240x115x71 and DF (thin) - 240x115x52, less common sizes - 250x85x65 mm and 200x100x50 (65). Today you can buy material up to 500 mm long. Every year the choice of standard sizes grows.
By shape, bricks are divided into:
- corpulent,
- hollow (slit)
However, in addition to the basic dimensions, such as height, length and width, permits for deviations from the norm (defects) are also used. Their size depends on the type of building material - building or facing. More stringent requirements are imposed on the latter, since the aesthetics of the building depend on its characteristics.
For building solid bricks it is allowed:
- The presence of dullness and chips of ribs and corners no more than 2 and no more than 1.5 cm in size along the length of the rib;
- Curvature of faces and edges up to 0.3 cm;
- On the side longitudinal (spoon) faces, a crack up to 3 cm long along the width of the brick is allowed.
For the building hollow option, it is allowed:
- No more than 2 bruises at the corners or ribs 1-1.5 cm long, provided that they do not reach the voids;
- Full thickness cracks on the bed. In width, they can reach the first row of voids;
- One crack each on bonder and spoon (transverse side) faces.
For facing bricks it is not allowed:
- Chipped corners, the depth of which exceeds 1.5 cm;
- The presence of cracks;
- Broken ribs, the width of which is more than 0.3 cm, and the length exceeds 1.5 cm.
In this case, a facing material is considered suitable for work, having:
- No more than 1 broken corners up to 1.5 cm deep;
- Department of handwriting, which in total does not exceed the length of 4 cm;
- No more than 1 broken ribs, in depth - not exceeding 3 cm, and in length - not more than 1.5 cm.
Architectural design often involves the use of different textures and colors. Modern choice of building materials is almost limitless. If desired, artificially aged, colorful and textural options can be combined in masonry without compromising the durability of the house.
One and a half and double bricks are produced mainly hollow. This reduces the weight of the structure.
The most popular in modern construction are porous large-sized blocks. Ceramic brick is lighter and warmer than the usual building option. Its use allows you to simplify and speed up construction, while reducing the consumption of masonry composition.
For laying 1 m 3, 512 single-type bricks will be required, and one-and-a-half bricks are 26% more - 378 pieces.
Red, silicate and facing bricks - dimensions and purpose
According to the type of material are divided into:
- Red (ceramic).
This type of building materials is obtained by firing briquettes from pressed clay. This is a versatile material. It is widely used in the construction of foundations, wall structures, partitions, fences, laying furnaces. Solid red brick comes in the following grades - 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 75. The grade indicates how much pressure the brick can withstand (kg / cm 2). The weight of 1 cubic meter of this material is 1700 kg (480 pieces).
- White (silicate).
It is produced on a silicate basis. Compared to red brick, it is a softer and lighter material with lower strength than its red counterpart. In addition, the silicate version is inferior to the red one in versatility. It can only be used in the construction of walls and partitions. It is not recommended to use white brick as a material for the foundation and plinth, for laying fireplaces and stoves.
By appointment:
- Private.
A brick that provides the performance characteristics of the masonry.
- Clinker.
It is characterized by low water absorption and high strength, which ensures proper masonry performance even in highly aggressive environments. Clinker brick perfectly copes with the functions of a decorative material.
- Chamotte (refractory).
For domestic purposes, the refractory fireclay version is most often used, which is marked "Sh". For example, W-5 has dimensions of 230x114x65 mm, W-6 - 230x115x40 mm, W-8 - 250x124x65 mm.
- Facing.
Facing brick can be chopped, smooth, imitating wild camel. Below are the main dimensions:
- 290x140x85 mm;
- 250x85x65 mm;
- 250x120x88 mm;
- 250x80x65 mm;
- 250x60x65 mm;
- 250x120x65 mm.
In addition to rectangular bricks, they can be wedge-shaped. This type of building materials is used in the laying of vaults and semicircular arches of different curvature radii. End wedge Sh-22 has dimensions of 230x114x65/55 mm, and for example end wedge Sh-45 - 230x114xx65/45 mm.
The use of decorative (facing) bricks allows you to perform flawless laying of external walls, as well as to produce interior decoration. When using facing bricks for interior walls, special attention should be paid to stitching seams.
Brick has long been a well-known building material, without which any construction is practically indispensable. Despite the fact that brick blocks have been used since ancient times, the brick size standard was first introduced only in 1927.
Standardization of standard sizes of brick blocks allows you to calculate the volume of brickwork in accordance with the project, the need for building materials, and also determine the weight of the structure.
The key factor in standardizing the dimensions of brick products is the following aspect ratio of 1:1 / 2:4. Such proportions are considered optimal for laying building material with alternating longitudinal and transverse arrangement.
In private construction, single products are in demand, the consumption of building materials per cubic meter of masonry is 513 units of products. In accordance with state regulations in force in Russia, the size of a standard single brick in millimeters is:
- 250 length;
- 120 width;
- 65 height.
In addition to single blocks, the construction market offers other types of standard sizes:
- one and a half;
- double.
One and a half building material was put into production during the period of industrialization of the country, in order to accelerate the pace of construction. The standard consumption of building materials is 318 products per cubic meter. A characteristic feature of a one-and-a-half block is the increased height of the product; GOST establishes the following standard brick sizes (in millimeters):
- length - 250;
- width -120;
- height - 88.
A double brick with the same 250 millimeters in length and 120 millimeters in width has a height of 138 millimeters. Given the impressive dimensions, in order to reduce the weight of the product, double blocks are usually made in a hollow form. Double products are widely used in various areas of construction. Building material with increased height is used for the construction of both industrial and civil facilities.
Permissible errors
Building materials are produced in strict accordance with the production technology. Blanks of brick blocks, which are fired in kilns during the production process, are made with an increase in geometric parameters by 8%. As a result of heat treatment, the product is reduced and brought to standard parameters.GOST allowed a slight deviation in the geometric dimensions of finished products, namely, in length no more than 4 millimeters, in width and height no more than 3 millimeters. The standard also allows slight curvature along the spoon (not more than 4 mm) and along the bed (not more than 3 mm).
Types of brick products and their standard sizes
The dimensions of brick products depend not only on the standard size, but also on the type of building material. The main types in demand in the construction of residential buildings and the construction of industrial buildings are:
- Red brick;
- silicate;
- facing.
Red building blocks and their features
Red brick is a universal building material used for the construction of foundations, external enclosing structures and partitions in the house, fences.
Red brick products are made on the basis of clay briquettes, which are pressed by firing. The dimensions and technical characteristics of the product are regulated by GOST 530-2007 and are (in millimeters):
- standard format - 250x120x65;
- thickened format - 250x120x88;
- double format - 250x120x138.
In addition to the popular standard sizes by GOST, less popular formats are also provided:
- 0.7 NF with parameters 250x85x65 mm;
- 1.3 NF with parameters 288x138x65 mm.
Building materials of the "European format" are used for decorative finishing of windows and other structural elements of the facade.
silicate brick
Silicate brick blocks - a building material made on the basis of silicate, designed for the construction of load-bearing external walls, partitions in the house. The modular dimensions of white brick are 250x120x65 and 250x120x88 millimeters.
Silicate building blocks are produced in two types:
- corpulent;
- hollow.
The void volumes of the silicate block, as well as the overall dimensions, are adjustable
state standards. Hollow silicate blocks are divided based on the proportion of volume, diameter and number of non-through voids having a cylindrical shape.
The following types of hollow sesquisilicates are distinguished:
- three hollow - the proportion of voids is 15% of the volume of the product, the diameter of non-through holes is 52 mm;
- eleven hollow - the share of voids in the total volume is 25%, the diameter is from 27 to 32 mm;
- fourteen hollow - the proportion of voids varies in the range from 28 to 31%, the diameter can be from 27 to 32 mm.
Facing brick
For facade cladding, front bricks are used in a standard size, which corresponds to the traditional counterpart.
The construction market offers several types of facing products:
- clinker;
- ceramic;
- hyperpressed;
- silicate.
Clinker building blocks are used for finishing facades, for erecting decorative pillars, decorating window openings, arched windows are erected using this type of material. The material is characterized by a dense smooth structure, excellent soundproofing and frost-resistant qualities, resistant to moisture, retains heat well. Clinker is colored and glazed, glossy and matte. Windows and walls of the facade, facing with clinker blocks, retain an attractive appearance for a long time.
Clinker facing
Ceramic facing products are able to withstand up to a hundred changes in natural seasons, the material is not afraid of sudden changes in temperature. Brick for a long time of operation retains its original qualities and appearance.
Ceramic cladding
Hyper-pressed material is made from a lime-cement mixture, by semi-dry hyper-pressing, followed by steam treatment. The material is used for decorative finishing of facades, windows and doors are distinguished with its help. There are several types of facing material:
- smooth;
- spoon;
- figured;
- angular.
The standard dimensions of smooth and figured hyperpressed bricks are 250x120x65 mm. Standard spoon brick has parameters 250x85x65 mm, corner and narrow spoon brick - 250x60x56 mm.
Hyper-pressed cladding
Silicate facing brick is an environmentally friendly frost-resistant material. The front silicate brick strikes with a variety of color schemes, it differs from its ceramic counterpart in a uniform tone of color over the entire area of the product. Silicate facade material is not used for facing areas in contact with the ground.
Non-standard dimensions
However, in the segment of facing building materials, you can find products of non-standard dimensions. Products of non-standard size are produced in a non-industrial way, in organic series. Atypical building material is used for restoration work, the introduction of original design ideas, to emphasize the window opening. The dimensions of a non-standard single material for facade decoration can be (in millimeters):
- 210x100x50;
- 210x100x60;
- 240x115x52.
European standards
On the territory of the European Union, there are other standards that do not comply with GOST 530-2007. So, the most popular series in the countries of the European Union are the following series of building material:
- DF - geometric parameters of the product 240x115x52;
- 2DF - 240x115x113;
- WDF - 210x100x65;
- RF - 240x115x61;
- NF - 240x115x71;
- WF - 210x100x50.
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