Council of Chief Designers. Fgbu "tsniii iv" of the Ministry of Defense of Russia Head of the fgbu tsnii iv morf

Organization Federal State Budgetary Institution "Central Research Test Institute of Engineering Forces named after the Hero of the Soviet Union Lieutenant General of Engineering Forces D.M Karbyshev" Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation 5024149168 received a license at the Legal address 143432, Moscow Region, Krasnogorsk City, Nakhabino Working settlement , KARBISHEVA STREET, 2. The company was registered on 11/05/2014. The company has been assigned the All-Russian State Registration Number - 5147746301049. According to the registration documents, the main activity is other scientific research and development in the field of natural and technical sciences. Management of the organization is carried out by the CHIEF VOROBYEV IVAN SEMENOVICH. For more detailed information, you can go to the company card and check the counterparty for reliability.

11/05/2014 Interdistrict Inspectorate of the Federal Tax Service No. 23 for the Moscow Region registered the organization of the Federal State Budgetary Institution "TsNIIII IV" of the MINISTRY OF DEFENSE OF RUSSIA. On 11/18/2016, the registration procedure was initiated at the State Institution - Main Directorate of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation No. 9 Directorate No. 3 Krasnogorsk district of the Moscow region. On the account in the Branch No. 23 of the State Institution - the Moscow Regional Regional Branch of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation, the company FSBI "TsNIIII IV" of the MINISTRY OF DEFENSE of RUSSIA became 11/01/2016 00:00:00. In the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, the last entry about the organization has the following content: State registration of changes made to the constituent documents of a legal entity related to changes in the information about the legal entity contained in the Unified State Register of Legal Entities, based on an application.

A. Ermolin- Good afternoon to everyone who listens to us, the program “Military Council” is on air, the host in the studio is Anatoly Yermolin. I want to say right away that our program is being recorded today, which does not belittle its significance. Our guest today is Ivan Semenovich Vorobyov, Colonel, Head of the Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops of the Ministry of Defense of Russia, good afternoon Ivan Semenovich.

I. Vorobyov- Good afternoon, hello everyone.

A. Ermolin- Ivan Semenovich, well, this is not the first time with us, and your colleagues were there too. How do you assess, over the past year maybe, what is going on in principle in your troops? So I hear what the officers say that you have a powerful growth here, the number, the number of brigades, battalions, and regiments is increasing. Tell me more about what's going on.

I. Vorobyov- Well, the last 2 years, with the advent of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Shoigu Sergey Kuzhugetovich, they turned their faces to the engineering troops, he forced everyone to turn their faces, as to a type of combat support. And so the development ... With his arrival, the engineering troops received a new development not only in their structural, regular systems, but also in the development of our engineering equipment. Already this year, we are creating a new formation of engineering troops, they will join the armed forces of the Russian Federation, and this is planned for next year. Well, the main thing, as they say, we must radically replace the means of engineering weapons in the shortest possible time. And those tasks that were recently set by the Minister of Defense, so that 70% of the equipment should switch to the latest models of weapons equipment. This task was also set by the head of the engineering troops, Lieutenant General Yury Mikhailovich Stavitsky, including our research and testing institute of the engineering troops of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, on which we are now fruitfully working.

A. Ermolin- And there was a period when you were taken out of combat command, right? And attached to the rear, right?

I. Vorobyov“You even know that. Well, we will not evaluate the previous leadership, but there was such a stage in our scientific institution when we were subordinate to another scientific institution, the independent structure of which was subordinate to the military commander of the engineering troops - it was absent. And therefore, there were additional problems in design, in research, in the development of engineering troops to create new models. And this work, let's say so, did not stop, it continued anyway, this material accumulated, material was developed, we studied. While it was a time of such oblivion, we still built it up, this material. And now, on October 1 of this year, a central research and testing institute for the engineering troops of the RF Ministry of Defense was formed, which is directly subordinate to the head of the engineering troops, Lieutenant General Yury Mikhailovich Stavitsky.

A. Ermolin- Well, that is, it is not at all necessary to enlarge, enlarge everything in order for everything to be as efficient as possible. I know in what sense? Unexpected (inaudible) I want to throw, that's just civilian life to what is happening in Moscow with educational institutions. By the way, I also think that when there are unique structures, they should be merged with some larger ones ... That is, it is not always effective. But it's me, as they say, abusing it on my own, right? Ivan Semenovich, but tell us a few words about yourself, how did your military career develop?

I. Vorobyov- Well, I developed a military career, let's say so, for the first time with the engineering troops. Let's put it this way - I encountered the monsters of the engineering troops in 1988, while participating in the aftermath of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. When I saw...

A. Ermolin- How old were you then?

I. Vorobyov- I was 24 years old.

A. Ermolin- You mean old?

I. Vorobyov- First lieutenant, yes. I was given a high honor, and I was a participant in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

A. Ermolin- Admitted to the reactor.

I. Vorobyov- Yes, I was admitted to the reactor, we were stationed in a ten-kilometer zone, our engineering and road battalion was stationed. They carried out the tasks of reburial of radioactive waste, and for the first time I encountered a scientific group that was from the 15th former Central Research Institute of Engineering Troops, which previously existed. It seemed to me that it was simply simply unattainable ... Those people who, deep down, were very great people at that time. And now, after almost 30 years, I headed this institute, the head of the troops somehow added to me. Therefore, I will try to justify this trust. And that story, those ... So, work with the former heads of the institute, we do not stop it, communication, I listen to them. Well, let's say so, in the future my life turned out more ... I served in the troops, in the southern military district, in the North Caucasus, in the southern military district. A participant in hostilities, in principle, practice - it is, we know what our soldier wants, we know how to protect him, we have seen it all, passed it through our hands. Now, as the task has been set by the chief of troops, all this should be translated into science, translated into new means, into the development of new means of engineering weapons.

A. Ermolin Was it scary in Chernobyl? What was it, scary or interesting? Or is it terribly interesting? What emotions does the young starley have there ...

I. Vorobyov- The main thing... Well, as instructed: the main thing is not to leave the road anywhere, not to go into any restricted areas, not to lift anything that is not necessary. Because everything is radioactive. Well, I think the state of health allows for the time being to head the institute, there are no health problems, but that's all ...

A. Ermolin- Have you caught radiation?

I. Vorobyov- Yes, of course. In small quantities, it is probably useful, we all gradually ... And in Moscow they catch it, this radiation. So I think...

A. Ermolin- Everything is useful for us. (inaudible) everything is useful.

I. Vorobyov Yes, so I don't see anything wrong with that.

A. Ermolin- Well, you can really protect ... That's all the same, such a unique experience of military personnel in the conditions of a nuclear threat there, or radiation. That's what ... Here, a competent officer can really do it, relying on standard protective equipment, to make sure that all people survive, or receive a minimum dose of radiation.

I. Vorobyov- Well, firstly, according to the requirements for the development of engineering weapons, which partly concerns ... Either this is equipment, or these are some kind of protective equipment, they are all developed taking into account protection from the effects of radiochemical, biological radiation. At present, one of our departments of our institute is working on modern technologies, in the use of personnel protection equipment. This is if we previously relied more on reinforced concrete structures that were part of the ratification structures, then at the present time these are already modern composites, which are both lightweight, and including their property allows you to give more protection to personnel, hide them, ensure the survivability of these structures. Well, including, even ... I will continue this topic so that we somehow (inaudible) our listeners in that we will apply them already by the method (inaudible). And to assemble the structure that we need exactly for that terrain, and as much as possible we can protect the personnel.

A. Ermolin- So I pester your colleagues all the time with one low American one, called “Good Soldiers”. It’s just there ... Well, I just recommend reading it, because it’s about how the Americans fought in Iraq. There, just with one ... A large military unit, the journalist was constantly. And he simply describes the real experience, what the fighters feel, how they died there, what is being done. It's just very similar to what we felt in Afghanistan. The same tactic, they sit on the armor, the same way they tighten their legs so that at least one leg remains on these of their own (inaudible). Actually, why do I remember this - because that's where I just read about these legos, about such prefabricated structures, when the engineering service arrives, chik-chik, and actually built it there ... Well, not from adobe bricks, which at one time in We did Afghanistan, right? But you do everything quickly, right there is a tower, right there are drones, right there is a control zone. That is such a very effective technology. I mean, we already have that too. Or is it still being developed?

I. Vorobyov- It's in development. And it already means what you say on drones, and the control of the adjacent territory, what we should carry out, and how to place it all. A task has been set for the commanders of the troops, it will be carried out, and in the month of May ...

A. Ermolin- Drones (inaudible).

I. Vorobyov- Yes, the drones (inaudible) that worked with us ... At the open (inaudible) guys worked for us at the competitions, joint interaction was organized, they worked very fruitfully. But the chiefs of troops were given the task that in May, at the meeting of the leading staff of the engineering troops, we must report to our commanders, to our chiefs on the measures taken. Therefore, these modern samples of modern weapons will already be presented there, this is a line of our engineering equipment, which will be ... In 2 years, which has already been completed, created. The enterprises will present all this so that we can already report and show specifically not on paper already, not on mock-ups, but we will present all of this equipment to our subordinate officers live, already leasing this equipment.

A. Ermolin- Are you studying world experience? You have analysts who don't find out on Ekho Moskvy, let's put it this way.

I. Vorobyov Well, you can't live without it. You know, whoever has the information owns the world, so we have it all the time, it all starts with this. This is the initial data for the design and creation of any type of equipment, we take the experience of foreign countries. Where, as used, is precisely the practical action in dual-use combat. There are different principles of approach, as for each sample. Therefore, we study them, and before continuing this work, we choose the direction that suits us ... In general, we look, study both the model that we must create, and the opposition to this model, how, what happens in foreign armies, too, we are studying so that he can counteract.

A. Ermolin- I want to remind you that today we are working on the record, and our guest today is Ivan Semenovich Vorobyov, colonel, head of the research, testing institute of engineering troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Ivan Semenovich, we focused on foreign experience, on how you research it and apply it in your developments. And at the same time, do not forget Russian history. After all, a military engineer in Russian history, and in the history of the armed forces, has always been actually the first elite. And here's how ... What do you draw from there, right? And what traditions are you trying to keep?

I. Vorobyov- Well, first of all, I want to remind our listeners that the engineering troops are the oldest troops of our armed forces. Next January, we will already be celebrating the 313th anniversary of the formation of the engineering troops. Our research and testing institute of engineering troops is one of the oldest scientific institutions of the Ministry of Defense. Just recently, on October 6, we celebrated the 95th anniversary of our institute. Therefore, we never departed from history, and never left. Because if someone forgets history, he has no future. This is the first principle that is preserved in the engineering troops. We are constantly given… We work with our veterans. These are the people who started... Let's say so, who started science on some models, on mock-ups, now they have smoothly switched to software testing schemes. We always work with them, we always interact. They make up the largest percentage in our institute, our respected people, veterans. Who gave not 30 years, but 50, 60 years. There are even veterans who gave engineering troops. And the invaluable experience that they have from the time there (inaudible) training ground, military operations in Afghanistan, counter-terrorist operations, they ... This is still only for the benefit of the development of engineering troops. Therefore, honor and praise to them, many thanks to them, and we are always ready to work with them.

A. Ermolin- What period in the history of the engineering troops can be called such a breakthrough in the development of tactics for the use of new technical means.

I. Vorobyov- Well, first of all, we must not forget that the breakthrough period is still the development of engineering troops, (inaudible) engineering weapons, which are now even currently being used. These were the developments of the 70s. It seems like 50 years have passed, but they are relevant now. And now, in the second decade of the 21st century, we are still trying to make a new stage of breakthrough because, first of all, the development of engineering weapons should be based on new technologies, on new requirements for engineering weapons, and as the task was again set by the chief of troops, in each tool should have its own zest so that we do not stop at upgrading just a sample. And it must be developed new, according to new requirements, according to new trends that we have for engineering equipment.

A. Ermolin- And you are satisfied with the engineering culture, the bearers of which are those officers who come to you. Well, I can give you an example as an illustration... Recently I re-read the memoirs of Pyotr Alekseevich Kropotkin, who was a prince, studied in the page corps. He described his page years in great detail, including the great importance given to fortification work. And he writes like they are cadets, although in the status of pages, right? That is how they are. How much time and effort they spent on calculations, on the construction of fortifications, and how it was a shame for them to break it all later. Because they built it all for real. Now, as you can see... Well, actually I won't repeat myself. Are you satisfied with those engineers who come to you today?

I. Vorobyov“The quality of training at our Tyumen Higher Engineering Command School is very high. And our graduates - they are always in demand in the troops, this is first of all. Our graduates of the Academy of the Military Institute of Engineering Troops, as part of the combined arms academy, are also very much in demand among the troops. Well, if we continue this topic, then if we stop at the soldier, then from this academic year, engineering training has become the main subject of education. Therefore, if a department is negligent in its engineering training classes, it can get higher than the mark that it will receive in engineering training, it will never receive. Therefore, the attitude of the commanders of all became more serious about engineering training. Because everyone understands perfectly well, if you don’t know engineering, as Peter I says, then you won’t be promoted in rank either. Therefore, everyone is very... Now there has been a big change in relations in engineering training in the troops, and the readiness of personnel, officers, it has increased significantly. Well, if you don’t go that far, the last competition “Our Open Water”, which was held among the pontoon crossing units of the engineering troops in the city of Murom, Vladimir Region, showed the highest class of officers. The personnel of the units, the performance of engineering support tasks, in particular those related to overcoming and forcing a water barrier.

A. Ermolin- I suggest we talk about this in more detail. If possible, a few words about what your institute is like. We have already talked about the troops, about human capital too, right? Let's focus on exactly what you do every day.

I. Vorobyov- Our Institute consists of four main departments, research departments, which have their own areas of activity, scientific activities, including our leading department, which is engaged in the development of engineering ammunition. It creates them, creates ways to overcome these ammunition, search, reconnaissance. (Unintelligible) there is a department that is developing our engineering equipment, in particular those related to earth-moving machines, amphibious assault vehicles. (Indistinct) management, which is counteracting the technical means of reconnaissance, and the creation of camouflage. The fourth department deals with the training of our entire scientific work in management. (Unintelligible) the activities of the four directorates, it covers the entire spectrum of our engineering equipment, our tasks that we have as a type of combat support. We cover them in full. The development and direction of the development of funds were determined by the chief of troops, a common understanding of our future activities was developed, among other things. First of all ... Well, if we take it from the departments of those involved in engineering ammunition, this is primarily not a violation of the Geneva Convention, the creation of ammunition must be carried out in strict accordance with overcoming (inaudible) obstacles, this is the creation of search tools that can provide search in any situation, in any environment, and by any means, explosive objects in any conditions. Well, there are very progressive developments in the creation of engineering equipment. We hope that in the month of May, as I told you, we will show these funds. This means that they are promising, they differ significantly from the means that we currently have in service. Because there are new approaches to them presented. Well, our developments continue in terms of means of camouflage against counteraction. First of all, no one could find us anywhere. Well, in short.

A. Ermolin- Do you have, say, a unit that operates in advanced research mode. Now, in the structure of the military-industrial commission, such a powerful direction has been created, and in general, the Americans have existed for 100 years (inaudible), which invented the notorious Internet there at one time, in fact. And there are specially trained people there, including science fiction writers, who are paid money to simply fantasize and set tasks for today that seem absolutely unrealistic, and then several decades pass, and suddenly you see, it all starts to work. Here you have such a brain center that would think about what is not yet there.

I. Vorobyov- You know, here in the engineering troops we have such a term (inaudible). There must be action everywhere. Therefore, I will not disclose it, we also have it.

A. Ermolin- It's already nice. I want to remind our listeners that our guest is Ivan Semenovich Vorobyov, colonel, head of the research, testing institute of the engineering troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense, we are leaving for a break.

A. Ermolin- We continue the meeting of the "Military Council". I want to remind you that today we are working on recording, and our guest today is Ivan Semenovich Vorobyov, Colonel, Head of the Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Actually, it is not a secret that there was a period when the older generation was not in demand, the middle link was not actually involved in anyone, and now such a hole has formed. That is, as many fellow experts say, yes? That great minds are already at a very retirement age, and young guys with drive are just ready to join the action, but there is such a central link, the most important hard workers who already know the specifics, and who have not yet lost energy. Do you feel such a problem for yourself?

I. Vorobyov- So the whole backbone, in particular, of our institute, there is a backbone in the institute. For all the above categories, as you said, there is a backbone. Young people who already have academic degrees that they have defended ... Young, promising guys are candidates of technical sciences. The middle link, as you say, who pull this burden, who can work with young people and the older generation, we will say so, our heads of departments. The officers who came have experience in both military service and scientific activities. Our departments are also headed by doctors of sciences, people are in charge ... For science, the age is 40-45 years, these are still young guys for science.

A. Ermolin- Well, in general, yes.

I. Vorobyov- Yes. And those who are officers of the engineering troops who have completed their service, they also pass on their experience within the walls of our institute. Yes, we would like to have more young people, and first of all, we are now developing this youth policy, how to attract young specialists to the institute. We got acquainted with the experience of our Bauman, how it all happens there. And I was very pleased when, for example, the employees of Baumanka are young, 23-24 year old guys, it turns out they don’t work for money, they work ...

A. Ermolin“Not just for money.

I. Vorobyov“Not only for money, yes. They don't get a lot of money. I will say that they do not receive much money for Moscow measurements. But they work for an idea, they work for interest, they like it, and this is important (inaudible), which I wanted to hear, and in principle we will also direct our youth policy towards this in order to attract young people to our side, and within the walls of our institute. Including (inaudible) no interest. Right now, the issue of creating a scientific company of engineering troops is being worked out. This is the task set by the Minister of Defense ...

A. Ermolin- Where do you want to do it? In Tyumen?

I. Vorobyov- No, we're here (inaudible).

A. Ermolin- (inaudible).

I. Vorobyov- Somewhere we will, yes, here we will tie it to our institute, to our potential, yes. Therefore, the second may be we will consider the issue in universities, the issue may be resolved, after all, this is mentally, as they say, in our places, and there will be budget places from our institute, that upon graduation from the university, the graduate will be obliged to come to us, and within three years to work for the benefit of the institute. And then he will be free to choose his profession, or continue to cooperate with us, or leave. Well, this is an option, we are these ...

A. Ermolin- (inaudible) find a perspective. That is, it is as if it has not been worked out yet.

I. Vorobyov- Not worked out, yes, but we have already started it ...

A. Ermolin- There are many interesting...

I. Vorobyov- Yes, we started working on this idea.

A. Ermolin- That is, 3 years ... He comes to you after a civil institute already certified as ...

I. Vorobyov- Specialist, yes. And he is already in office. We have those positions that the head of the laboratory, he can take, and work already for the good. Moreover, he even takes part in those practices that are production practices, and scientific practices that are institute, he will take them within the walls of the institute.

A. Ermolin- And he can be certified for officer positions, or he (inaudible).

I. Vorobyov- If he has a military department, this question ... He will come to us as civilians, if he suits us, we can call him in the future, and he can go to an officer position with a promotion, and with a further prospect of growth as an officer as a specialist in engineering troops.

A. Ermolin- Do you trust young ambitious developments? Why am I asking? Because young scientists work not only for money. Young scientists work in the first place ... Actually, the theory is just intellectual workers, the creative class, as they say now, right? They assume that they must be trusted with some very cool tasks, which really, no matter what, they were very interested. In Belarus, by the way, the guys also talk about who develops automotive technology. That is, everything is there ... The average age is 25-26 years old, like that.

I. Vorobyov Yes, and I want to build it. This is a priority for young people at the institute, we have stirred them up a little now, ideas have already begun, thoughts have begun. Monthly meetings with youth are already planned, as they say, as my daily routine and work with youth, because somewhere in my soul I don’t consider myself old either. What we implemented, someone once laughed at us, and now it turns out to be a promising direction of development. I educate my youth in the same way so that they understand that they should see a like-minded person in me, see the person who will support them. I am ready to work with them. Two officers wanted to retire, they had already refused to be transferred to the reserve. Therefore, we will continue to work, we have seen a new direction of our activity.

A. Ermolin- Ivan Semyonovich, here you come up with ... You are no longer just trying, but coming up with new modern directions to increase the attractiveness of your service. In particular, you have already mentioned open water, as a kind of combination of such a professional competition, and a show. What is this? Is this a fashion, or is it a serious strategy?

I. Vorobyov“I still think it’s a strategy. And let's say so, again, 2 years ago, the Minister of Defense gave impetus to this development of competitiveness, competitiveness. In the 13th year, I had to engage in tank biathlon from the engineering troops. I learned a lot, and this year I was involved in the reassignment to the position of our ... Competition of the Open Water crossing units. And I believe that it is here in these competitions of any types of military branches that participate, that is, such extreme conditions are created when the equipment is simply used to its maximum capabilities. And this gives a very big leap forward in the development of science in the first place. Because those means that have been used for, say, 20-30 years, it seemed to us that they had already simply been brought to automatism, but here, for example, these competitions in crossing means revealed some problems. Because these conditions were created when we didn’t just meet the standards, as we used to do all the time, but here there was competitive competition on the verge ... Everyone walked along the razor’s edge, while not violating safety requirements, while using that technique to the maximum. Some new schemes were introduced, new ways of using our technology.

A. Ermolin What was the intention, by the way? Here's how... What was the task of the units, what did they compete in?

I. Vorobyov- Subdivisions... So, let's say it was played out... Our main task of the engineering troops, the type of combat support, is to ensure the crossing of the water barrier.

A. Ermolin- Was it in Murom?

I. Vorobyov- Yes, it was in the city of Murom, Vladimir Region, in a limited area where the initial, opposite bank was prepared. Three teams competed at the same time in limited areas (inaudible) up to 100 meters, where they showed their skills. And skill was shown not only by crossing on high-speed boats. And also single ferries, platoon ferries were assembled, a company ferry was assembled, which is capable of transporting large-sized heavy equipment. And the end of the competition was the construction of a floating bridge across the Oka River, 350 meters long. Here is the guidance of this bridge, along which all the equipment passed. Also, in order to show our viewers all the possibilities of engineering equipment, before the start of these competitions, our unique samples were shown, these are ferry-bridge crossing vehicles, crossing facilities. We were also shown, motorized rifle units, artillery units participated with us, which provided ... Aviation helped us a lot. Well, we are also grateful to the administration of the city of Murom, which provided us with great assistance in holding our competitions. And I think the main indicators are those 15,000 people who came to watch and cheer for the engineering troops, and at the deployed recruitment center, which was deployed at this site, we, as part of the engineering troops, 8 people, signed a contract with the Ministry of Defense. Well, as a continuation of the Murom land, we will create such a backbone of engineering troops there, including a large panton crossing unit.

A. Ermolin- Our guest is Ivan Semenovich Vorobyov, colonel, head of the research, testing institute of the engineering troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense. Do you somehow interact with colleagues from, say, Rostekhnologii? And I just remembered that just last Monday we had a representative of the Compass Design Bureau, and he talked about new technologies, about new ideas for building mobile ports. It's also like a kind of Lego system, prefabricated metal, environmentally friendly.

I. Vorobyov Well, I'll put it this way in general terms. Our institute cooperates with about 150 scientific institutions and industrial ones.

A. Ermolin- Rostekhnologii, right?

I. Vorobyov- Yes. In general, our cooperation goes in all directions, so we are not from anyone ... We always take who has the best, who offers what. Many people help us to develop on their own initiative, or offer something on their own initiative, let's say so. Everyone used to get used to: give us money, and we will give you something for this money. Now there is a completely different approach, including with Rostekhnologii. They proactively offer us their developments, which we can implement. And if they do not suit us, if they fulfill all our requirements, we take them further to the serial stream.

A. Ermolin- And what other strategic directions do you see in the system of providing troops? So we recalled Chernobyl, and I remembered something in this regard while still a cadet, they showed us this technique, which is designed to operate under conditions of a nuclear strike, contamination of radioactive terrain, and they always seemed to me to be some kind of such spaceships , which there almost have to walk on Mars. Are they preserved? You can exploit them, and what's new in this direction. There are such smart, very well-protected machines, or the stake is simply placed there on cranes, bulldozers, graders. That is, everything that does not excite the imagination of a young man, let's say so.

I. Vorobyov- No, well, first of all, we should not give up cranes, bulldozers and excavators. Because without them, nowhere ... Neither the troops will move, they will not complete the tasks. And in terms of prospects, what you said continues. We have never stopped it, the development of robotic systems continues in the first place. Because they - the first developments were started back in the 70-80s. Even let's say so, our probable opponents did not have them, and our developments were already controlled ... There was radio-controlled equipment, these are samples. The only thing is that now the transition has gone more to fulfilling tasks in order to save the lives of personnel. This is primarily a means of demining. As for engineering support, tools are being developed ... These are fire extinguishing tools, remote control. And in the future, other samples will be developed to perform other engineering tasks. First of all, they are aimed at moving our soldier as far as possible from the probable danger in order to ensure his life, and at the same time we could complete all the assigned tasks.

A. Ermolin- Do you protect intellectual property? How do you put it… This is one of the most key problems in general, well, let's say, in neo-crises related to the specifics of our country. I remember at the Institute of Steel and Alloys they told such a story that, say, a doctor of science received the Stalin Prize for the invention of a lithium battery in 1957. Actually, the lost profit is gigantic, right? Because the whole world can't now... Given the spread of mobile phones, all kinds of tablets, and so on, it simply cannot do without them. It turns out that we have lost the money that we could earn on intellectual property. Here you are somehow... What are you doing in the country, and how much do you insure your risks in the international arena? Or is it impossible to insure them?

I. Vorobyov- Well, we are still ensuring the safety of our intellectual property on our own. Maybe we are up to the level of insurance ...

A. Ermolin- Preservation, or commercialization?

I. Vorobyov- Well, before commercialization, we may come to this a little later. It can’t be, but we’ll come, and these tasks are also set by the boss. But at present, what is being developed within the walls of the institute, I am called upon to preserve this, this intellectual property, for the time being, within our walls. And what will be decided, submitted for commercialization, it will already be made a separate decision so that, as they say ... These developments went somewhere further. Therefore, now the main task is to preserve our potential, the intellectual property that has been created today for the development of our engineering equipment in the first place.

A. Ermolin- Well, by the way, there is something to learn from the same Americans. When they have a very clear ranking of all the neo-crows there. They don’t show space to anyone, they don’t show the army to anyone, then it’s already starting to give something for their own, and only at the fourth stage, maybe 10 years after the introduction of the first samples of real ones into operation, foreign commercial partners can get it there .

I. Vorobyov“I think that our special services… The first is that I was told the category, the first category of our service, I don’t know… Therefore…”

A. Ermolin- Well, after all, among the immediate tasks, as the head of such a promising, interesting institute, what do you see as the most important thing in your work?

I. Vorobyov- First of all, it is necessary not to lower, but to increase your scientific potential, this is the first thing. We will have to work, as I said, in order to supply the institute with new personnel, new directions. Thoughts - this will be connected with the arrival of new people to the institute. This is a thorough study of the material that is available on the creation of engineering weapons like our potential enemy, foreign partners, and the development of new promising engineering weapons. This is a prerogative, we must fulfill the task set by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation to provide our troops with new models, modern models of engineering equipment, and a new perspective. Well, for now I will keep silent about them a little, I will not reveal them to the end. Let it then be much more interesting for all our listeners.

A. Ermolin- Do you have your own test base?

I. Vorobyov- Yes, we have a test base. First of all, our unique pool for studying the properties of amphibious assault vehicles. We have a very good laboratory for testing electrical equipment, we have a refrigerating chamber, which provides testing of equipment for temperature conditions up to -50 degrees. We have the impact of the shock wave, the so-called our pipe, (inaudible) pipe. And there are test sites for floating equipment, there are test sites for testing explosive barriers, where these tests are constantly carried out. Therefore, our institute is currently being optimized, including that we will soon submit these proposals to the chief of troops in order to optimize the creation of a laboratory and experimental base of our institute, which should already meet modern conditions, modern requirements, the creation of a laboratory building of a new proposal let's take it out. And to optimize the work of our research departments, and management in general.

A. Ermolin- So I want to ask many more questions, but unfortunately time is very fleeting. I want to remind our listeners that Ivan Semenovich Vorobyov, Colonel, Head of the Research and Testing Institute of Engineering Troops of the Russian Ministry of Defense, was our guest today. Ivan Semenovich, thank you very much, come to us again, we will always be happy.

I. Vorobyov- Always ready for cooperation.

A. Ermolin- Thanks.

I. Vorobyov- Thank you very much.

30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

30th Central Research Institute of the Order of the Red Star of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation (30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation)
international name
Former name
Based
Location
Legal address	141110, Shchelkovo-10, Moscow Region
Awards

30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was established as the leading scientific organization of the Ministry of Defense for aviation and space technology. The Institute was intended to conduct systematic large-scale studies to substantiate the prospects for the development of aviation and space technology as the basis of the Air Force weapons system, substantiate the tactical and technical requirements for new and modernized aviation and aerospace systems, their engines, equipment and weapons, assess the combat effectiveness of a promising aviation technology.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2010 N 551 "On the reorganization of federal state institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation", and in order to improve the structure of the military-scientific complex of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense was reorganized in the form of accession as a structural unit to.

Literally a month and a half did not live up to the 50th anniversary of the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense.

For his contribution to strengthening the country's defense capability, the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense was awarded the Order of the Red Star.

History

30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was formed in 1961 based on Chkalovskaya. January 16 is considered the founding date and is celebrated as Institute Day. The organization was headed by Lieutenant-General Z. A. Ioffe.

The first name is the Central Research Institute of the Air Force (TsNII VVS).

The Institute was created on the basis of the Computing Center of the Ministry of Defense (VC-3) located in Noginsk, which received the status of one of the divisions of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force - the Research Center for Air Force Control Systems.

Subsequently, the structure of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force included the 15th Research Institute of the Navy based in Leningrad (15 Research Institutes of the Ministry of Defense, previously 15 Research Institutes of the Navy, Research Institute-15 of the Navy, Research Institute of Naval Aviation), which became a branch of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force on marine topics.

Over time, the tasks of scientific research being solved by the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation have significantly expanded. In the late 1960s The institute began large-scale research on program planning for the development of new and modernized aviation equipment, and since the beginning of the 1970s. - work to substantiate the main directions in the development of equipment and weapons for the future and substantiate the groupings DA, FA, VTA, AA and naval aviation of the Navy. 30 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation substantiated the concepts of creation and the main performance characteristics of all aviation complexes of the Air Force of the 3rd, 4th and 5th generations.

As of 2006, 16 doctors and 215 candidates of sciences worked at the institute. Over the years of the institute's existence, a large scientific school has been created, widely known in our country and abroad: 14 employees of the institute were awarded the Lenin and State Prizes; 9 employees were awarded the honorary titles "Honored Worker of Science and Technology of the Russian Federation" and "Honored Worker of Science of the Russian Federation"; 7 employees became laureates of the Lenin Komsomol Prize.

In terms of the status, scale and nature of the work performed, the significance of the results obtained, the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation was the generally recognized leading scientific organization of the Ministry of Defense in the field of building military aviation in Russia, which had a significant impact on the ongoing military-technical policy in improving the aviation of other power structures and civil departments of the Russian Federation.

The 30th Central Research Institute performed its functions in close cooperation with the NTC Air Force, the Air Force weapons service (heads Mishuk Mikhail Nikitovich, Ayupov Abrek Idrisovich), other research institutes of the Ministry of Defense (46 Central Research Institute, 4 Central Research Institute, 16 Central Research Institute, State Flight Test Center of the Ministry of Defense named after V.P. Chkalov, 13th GNII ERAT, etc.), aviation research institutes (GosNIIAS, TsAGI, VIAM, CIAM, etc.), design bureaus (Tupolev, Mikoyan, Antonov, Yakovlev, Ilyushin, etc.), organizations of the Academy of Sciences.

The solemn meeting of employees and veterans of the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense in January 2011, dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the institute, actually drew a line under the half-century history of the organization.

Name

Alternative names of the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense are often found in information sources: Ministry of Defense, .

The most commonly used abbreviation is 30 TsNII or informally - “thirty”.

Since 2011, the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation has been officially named: "Research Center for Aviation Technology and Armament of the Federal Budgetary Institution 4 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia", abbreviated as "NRC ATV FBU 4 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation".

In 2012, it is planned to transfer the "SRC ATV FBU 4 Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" to the Military Educational and Scientific Center of the Air Force (VUNTS VVS)

Activities

The scope of scientific activity of the institute covered military-theoretical, operational-strategic, military-technical and military-economic research on topical problems of the construction and use of the Air Force and the development of aviation equipment and weapons.

The published information indicates that not a single project related to aircraft and their systems in the aviation, radio-electronic industry or other defense sectors was launched without a tactical and technical assignment (TTZ) developed by the 30th Central Research Institute, as well as not a single system was not adopted by the Air Force without a positive assessment of the 30th Central Research Institute.

30 Central Research Institute is proud not only of weapons and military equipment, which became a reality with his participation, but also records situations when the institute took a principled position, preventing the appearance of objects that were recognized as unpromising. For example, the institute defended its position on the issue of the inexpediency of developing an analogue to the American low-visibility fighter F-117A, saving a lot of money. The US is now withdrawing it from service and has no plans to replace it. A systematic approach to the substantiation of the order and the development of weapons and military equipment and the use of mathematical modeling were the cornerstones of the research methodology of the 30th Central Research Institute.

Heads of the Institute

Notable collaborators

The personnel of the institute was formed mainly by graduates of the Kiev Higher Military Aviation Engineering School, the N. E. Zhukovsky Air Force Engineering Academy and the Air Force Academy. Yu. A. Gagarin.

In addition, the staff of civilian scientists was replenished with retiring officers from nearby (Monino, Star City, Chkalovskaya) organizations (teachers of the VVA and specialists from the GKNII VVS and TsPK).

Many well-known scientists and specialists worked at the institute (the list includes the names of only those employees whose connection with 30 Central Research Institutes is confirmed in previously published open sources): Artamonov V. D., Baklitsky V. K., Burlakov P. G., Grateful G. M., Gladilin A. S., Glazkov A. I., Goncharov I. N., Mustard G. I., Grigorov S. I., Gubarev A. A., Denisenko A. K., Kibkalo V. I. ., Knauer G. E., Kulyapin V., Lvov A. N., Matveev V. A., Melnikov Yu. P., Minakov V. I., Pankov R. A., Platunov V. S., Trushenkov V. V., Romanenko I. G., Rukosuev O. B., Semenov V. M., Skopets G. M., Trushenkov V. V., Tupikov V. A., Khrunov E. V., Tsymbal V. I. ., Chinaev P. I., Yuriev A. N.

Monographs of Institute scientists

• Baklitsky V. K., Bochkarev A. M., Musyakov M. P. Signal filtering methods in correlation-extremal navigation systems. ed. V. K. Baklitsky. - M. : Radio and communication, 1986. - 216 p.
• Panov VV, Gorchitsa GI, Balyko Yu. P., Yermolin OV, Nesterov VA Formation of a rational image of advanced aviation missile systems and complexes. - M.: Mashinostroenie, 2010. - 608 p. - ISBN 978-5-217-03478-9.
• Antonov D. A., Babich R. M., Balyko Yu. P. et al. Aviation of the Russian Air Force and scientific and technological progress: Combat complexes and systems yesterday, today, tomorrow. (under the editorship of Fedosov E. A.) - M .: Bustard, 2005. - 736 p. - ISBN 5-710-77070-1, ISBN 978-5-710-77070-2.
• Platunov V.S. Methodology of systemic military-scientific research of aviation systems: 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation. - M.: Delta, 2005. - 343 p. - ISBN 5-902-37042-6.
• Solovyov Yu. A. Satellite navigation and its applications. - M.: Eco-Trends, 2003. -. 326 p. - ISBN 5-884-05050-X.
• Barkovsky V. I., Skopets G. M., Stepanov V. D. Methodology for the formation of the technical appearance of export-oriented aviation complexes. - M: FIZMATLIT, 2008. - 244 p. ISBN 978-5-9221-0933-8.

International activity

In the early 1990s, the institute's staff, as part of the Air Force delegations, participated in the organization of a number of international exhibitions. Mustard G.I., Bazlev A.M., Bochkarev A.M. took an active part in the organization of these events.

Aviation Exhibition in Germany (ILA Berlin Air Show), 1991

Russian-American seminar on the analysis of the actions of the US Air Force in the Gulf War (1990-1991). Moscow, October 12, 1992. Employees of the Rand Corporation took part in the seminar from the American side. The delegation was led by Ambassador Robert Blackwell. The Russian side was represented by employees of the 30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense and the Military Engineering Academy. prof. Zhukovsky. Benjamin Lambeth delivered a keynote address on "Air Superiority in Operation Desert Storm".

Australian International Airshow, October 1992. Avalon, pc. Victoria, Australia. The Russian delegation presented An-124, Mi-17 and Ka-32 helicopters.

International Aviation Symposium in the UK (International Conference Air Power), February 11-12, 1993 London, UK. Head of the 30th Central Research Institute V. E. Alexandrov made a report on the topic "Prospects for the development of a fighter to gain air supremacy"

International air show in Canada Abbotsford-93 (Abbotsford International Airshow), August 1993 Russia was represented by the Russian Knights group on Su-27 aircraft and Il 76 aircraft.

Due to the closed subject matter of the institute, there is very little information on the participation of the 30th Central Research Institute in specific developments. Below are examples of the participation of 30 Central Research Institutes in various projects, reflected in previously published open sources.

Participation in the preparation of the first manned space flights

Assistant to the Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force for Space (from 1960 to 1971), Colonel-General of Aviation N.P. Kamanin recorded in his diaries many of the most important events in the preparation of the first manned space flights. The 30th Central Research Institute is repeatedly mentioned in these diaries. Note: the institute is mentioned either by its name (TsNII-30) or by the name of the head (Ioffe, Molotkov).

For about four hours we discussed our comments on the Soyuz. There were generals Mishuk, Ioffe, Babiychuk, Goreglyad, Kholodkov, colonels Yazdovsky, Karpov, Terentyev, Momzyakov and others - more than 20 people in all.

We will receive data on the position of the ships from powerful direction finders, transmit them to TsNII-30, and in 15 minutes we will know the coordinates of the ships.

Yesterday, General Ioffe (Head of TsNII-30 - Ed.) reported to me that he would have a docking simulator ready one of these days. Next week I will have to go to Noginsk, look at this simulator and at the same time try to speed up the improvement of other simulators.

Lieutenant General Ioffe came in and reported that by December 25, the docking simulator would be completely completed at his institute. Judging by his report and the reports of a group of engineers from the Center (Vankov's team), the simulator will be good. It will be possible not only to train crews on it, but also to conduct some research in the interests of OKB-1 to work out the Soyuz project.

I spent the whole day yesterday with a group of cosmonauts and engineers at TsNII-30 in Noginsk, where they got acquainted with the simulator for docking spacecraft in orbit. The simulator is almost completely ready, and we looked at it in operation ... In addition to the docking simulator, General Ioffe showed us several new flight simulators and electronic computers, including the onboard computer for the spacecraft. It weighs only 40 kilograms, but it can fully control the operation of the ship's equipment and solve space navigation tasks. I am convinced that TsNII-30, TsPK and GKNII VVS can make any space simulator better than any other organization, and, most importantly, they can do it quickly.

Held a meeting to draw up a long-term plan for manned space flights for the next 3-5 years. There were generals: Ioffe, Volynkin, Arbuzov, Kuznetsov, Kholodkov, Gazenko, Babiychuk and others.

On Saturday, representatives of all ministries and departments involved in the development of search tools gathered at TsNII-30. Ioffe, Matveev and other comrades quite vigorously took up the development of a scientifically based system for detecting and searching for spacecraft, it is a pity that this work begins three years later than the deadline that the Air Force once insisted on.

Yesterday we held the second meeting of the State Commission for L-1. ... At the meeting, reports were heard on the activities necessary to ensure the flights of lunar ships .... 2. Report of Colonel Sibiryakov and Captain 1st Rank Dmitriev on the search service. TsNII-30 (Ioffe), together with a dozen military and civilian organizations, carried out extensive research work to justify the marine, aviation, radio communications and other means necessary for the search service.

Molotkov [at that time the first deputy head of the State Research Institute of the Air Force] is an intelligent general, he is still relatively young (he is a little over 40), and his candidacy [for the position of head of the CTC] is perhaps one of the most suitable.

He held a meeting of the heads of the Air Force institutes (Ioffe, Volynkin, Pushko, Kuznetsov) to substantiate the requirements for crew members of lunar spacecraft (LOK, LK) intended for an expedition to the Moon. Ioffe, Volynkin and Pushko made many useful suggestions.

Two days ago, at the expert commission on the L-1 spacecraft, I made a report on the conclusions on the study of its descent vehicle, landing system and SAS. Smirnov reported on the means of life support, Ioffe - on the possibilities of searching and detecting the ship after landing, and Gagarin reported on the progress in training crews for the L-1 and the development of simulators. In general, the ship is still "raw" and has a lot of flaws.

In recent days, G. A. Tyulin and Georgy Nikolaevich Babakin, Chief Designer of Lunar Explorers, called me several times - both asked to connect TsNII-30 (Ioffe) to Babakin's new work related to the return of an automatic device weighing 40-50 kilograms from the Moon to Earth.

I spoke on the phone with Mishin and Tyulin about the need to revise some of the initial data on the L-3 ship - the landing site, the maximum allowable detection time, as well as the presence of self-designation means on the ship. Such initial data were issued to us (Air Force) in 1966, and on the basis of their TsNII-30 carried out the research work "Ellips", according to the recommendations of which the Air Force and Navy should create a search service for spacecraft on land and in the Indian Ocean with a total cost of about 800 million rubles.

However, the long chain of our failures in manned flights over the past three or four years has hindered and still hinders sharply raising the question of restructuring the existing structure of space subdivisions and Air Force units. We still operate with splayed fingers, a lot of irresponsibility and little unity of purpose, and often there is no well-thought-out perspective. In the near future it is necessary:

1. Introduce the position of Deputy Commander-in-Chief for Space. 2. To unify the space links of the central apparatus (search service, part of General Frolov, solar service, apparatus of the assistant to the Commander-in-Chief, space medicine, etc.), subordinating them to the Deputy Commander-in-Chief for space.

3. In TsNII-30, GNIKI and the Institute of Aerospace Medicine to create space departments.

Spiral (aerospace system)

From 1964 to 1979, the USSR developed the Spiral aerospace system (VCS) project, which for the first time uses a horizontal launch of an orbital aircraft (OS) from an accelerating aircraft.

Around 1964, a group of scientists and specialists from the TsNII-30 Air Force developed a concept for creating a fundamentally new VKS, which would most rationally integrate the ideas of an aircraft, rocket plane and space object and would satisfy the above requirements. In the middle of 1965, the Minister of Aviation Industry P.V. Dementyev instructed the Design Bureau of A.I. Mikoyan to develop a project for this system, called the Spiral. G. E. Lozino-Lozinsky was appointed the chief designer of the system. From the Air Force, the work was supervised by S. G. Frolov, military technical support was entrusted to the head of TsNII-30 - Z. A. Ioffe, as well as his deputy for science V. I. Semenov and the heads of departments - V. A. Matveev and O. B. Rukosuev - the main ideologists of the VKS concept.

Buran (spaceship)

3rd Generation Fighters

By the mid-60s, the specialists of TsNII-30, which was in charge of general issues of aircraft engineering of the Air Force, formed new requirements for a multi-purpose front-line aircraft ([Su-17])

4th generation fighters

The leadership of the Ministry of Defense instructed TsNII-30 AKT VVS, the central organization that served as the customer of aircraft, to formulate requirements for the aircraft, which was supposed to replace the MiG-21, MiG-23, Su-9, Su-11 and Su-15 fighters in the Air Force and Air Defense . The theme received the code PFI - "promising front-line fighter."

Requirements for such a machine - a promising front-line fighter (PFI) - were first formed at the 30th Central Research Institute of Aviation and Space Technology of the Ministry of Defense.

In 1971, the institutes of industry and the customer - the Research Institute of Automatic Systems of Minaviaprom (NIIAS MAP, now the State Research Institute of Aviation Systems - GosNIIAS) and the Central Research Institute-30 of the Ministry of Defense (TsNII-30 MO) - began research on the formation of a concept for building a fighter aircraft fleet ( IA) as part of the country's Air Force for the 80s.

In 1973, in general, studies were completed to substantiate the composition of the promising IA fleet. now in relation to specific Su-27 and MiG-29 aircraft. and updated Air Force TTTs for PFI and LFI were issued.

The preliminary design of the Su-27K was considered in September-October 1984 by the commission of the customer ... The requirements for the Su-27K developed at the TsNII-30 branch provided for its use not only to provide air defense, but also to combat enemy surface ships.

- [Aviation and time. - 2004. - N3]

Updating weapons systems will allow the MiG-31 heavy fighter to hit hypersonic aircraft. This was stated today to journalists by the head of the FGU "30 Central Research Institute of the Air Force" Colonel Yuri Balyko.

Electronic warfare

As part of the Central Research Institute of the Air Force (headed by its head, Doctor of Military Sciences, Lieutenant General of Aviation Molotkov A.P.), such work was carried out in the 60-80s by departments under the leadership of Colonels Popov M.P., Melnikov Yu.P., Gorchitsa G. I. and Lvova A.N. as part of the Office headed by Colonel Burlakov P.G.

Aviation armament

Guided air-to-ground missile Kh-25.

After the successful implementation of the laser system as part of the Su-17M-2, Su-17M-3, MiG-27 aircraft and Kh-25 missiles, the work "Scientific and practical solution to the problem of using laser radiation for precise guidance of aircraft weapons" in 1976 was awarded the Lenin Prize. A group of authors consisting of E. A. Fedosov (GosNIIAS), V. G. Korenkov (OKB KMZ), D. M. Khorola, A. A. Kazamarov (TsKB Geofizika), R. A. Pankova (30th Central Research Institute of the Moscow Region ) were awarded the title of laureates of the Lenin Prize.

Notes

1. Website of the Ministry of Defense of Russia. "30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation 45 years." Message from the Press Service of the Air Force dated 01/18/2006 from the original source on February 1, 2007
2. Order of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation of May 24, 2010 N 551 "On the reorganization of federal state institutions subordinate to the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation" (http://bazazakonov.ru/doc/index.php?ID=2206728 ; http://base.consultant .ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=EXP;n=488230)
3. Directory-calendar 2011. ARMS-TASS Agency from the original source January 16, 2012
4. The official website of the Russian Federation on the Internet for placing information on placing orders. FGU "30th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia". from the original 16 January 2012
5. Skopets G. M. The go-ahead is given to a systematic approach to the order and development of weapons and military equipment // Aviapanorama. −2010. - No. 2. from the original source on January 16, 2012
6. Ioffe Zelik Aronovich. Electronic version of the Russian Jewish Encyclopedia.
7. Eremeev L. G., Knauer G. E. At the head of the first computer center of the Air Force. To the 100th anniversary of Z. A. Ioffe // Military History Journal. - 2003. - No. 10. - S. 53.

4th Central Research Institute of the Order of the October Revolution and the Red Banner of Labor of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation ( 4th Central Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense of Russia) - the largest scientific organization of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, solving a wide range of problems of scientific support for the construction of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Aerospace Defense Forces, the development of strategic missile and space weapons. Located in the city of Yubileiny.

The traditional research direction of the 4th Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense is the substantiation of tactical and technical requirements for new and modernized weapons, military scientific support for the most important R&D. A significant component in the total scope of the institute's research is work in the field of automation of command and control of troops and weapons, the introduction of modern telecommunication technologies into the practice of troops, and information security.

The 4th Central Research Institute of the Russian Ministry of Defense also monitors the technical condition of weapons and military equipment and provides the command of the Strategic Missile Forces and VVKO with objective information about the technical condition and reliability of the weapons in operation.

In October 2013, it was disbanded, with the creation on its basis of the Central Research Institute of the Aerospace Defense Forces (Yubileiny, Moscow Region) and the Central Research Institute of the Air Force (Schelkovo, Moscow Region).

History

Prerequisites for creation

In the 1950s, in order to test new, at that time, R-1, R-2 and R-5 missiles at the Kapustin Yar test site, it became necessary to create equipment capable of performing various kinds of trajectory measurements. For these purposes, NII-4 developed the concept of a polygon measuring complex (PIK). For the measuring points (IP) of this complex, on the instructions of NII-4, telemetry equipment "Tral" began to be created, stations for trajectory measurements - radio rangefinder "Binocular" and phase-metric radioangiometer "Irtysh" (c), equipment for the unified time system (SEV) "Bamboo" ( at NII-33 MRP).

Conducting flight design tests (LCT) of the first R-7 ICBM required the creation of new launch positions (primarily due to the design range of the product - 8000 km) and on February 12, 1955, a resolution was adopted by the Council of Ministers of the USSR on the creation of a Research Test Site ( NIIP-5 MO USSR). NII-4 was identified as a participant in the design of a testing ground testing base and the parent organization for the creation of a testing ground measuring complex (PIK).

The creation of a polygon measuring complex is a particularly large contribution of NII-4 to the development of rocket and space technology. After the creation of the measuring complex, the authority of the Institute among industrial organizations and the USSR Ministry of Defense increased significantly. The work was supervised by A. I. Sokolov and his deputies G. A. Tyulin and Yu. A. Mozzhorin. More than 150 scientific employees of NII-4 participated in the technological design of the test site facilities. Over 50 employees were sent to factories, design bureaus and design organizations, where they took an active part in the development of measuring instruments and control over the construction of objects of the polygon measuring complex.

Work on an artificial earth satellite

At the end of 1955, when intensive work was underway to create the R-7 rocket, S.P. Korolev turned to the country's leadership with a proposal to launch the first artificial Earth satellite on the future R-7 rocket before the Americans, the flight test dates of which were scheduled for 1957. On January 30, 1956, the relevant decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued and OKB-1 Korolev began designing the world's first artificial Earth satellite (AES), which received the name "object D", and NII-4 began designing a command-measuring complex (CMC).

It was NII-4 who was entrusted with the creation of the KIK, due to the fact that the Institute already had experience in creating a PIK at the Kapustin Yar training ground. Moreover, it is worth noting that before the January 1956 Government Decree on determining NII-4 of the USSR Ministry of Defense as the head one with the involvement of a large cooperation of developers of measuring instruments to create a CFC, the Ministry of Defense was against imposing on him, by analogy with PIK, the duties of a CFC developer, referring to work unusual for him conducted in the interests of the Academy of Sciences USSR. The Ministry of Defense of the USSR presented numerous arguments in favor of the fact that the creation and operation of measuring points for the provision of satellite flights is primarily the business of the Academy of Sciences, and not the Ministry of Defense. However, scientists and industrialists believed that only the military could build, equip and operate measuring points scattered across the territory of the Soviet Union in hard-to-reach places. Disputes on this issue were long and heated, until they were stopped by the Minister of Defense Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov. He agreed with the arguments of the industrialists, foreseeing the important role of outer space in the defense of the country in the future. Since then, Zhukov has been credited with the phrase: “I take over space!”.

The project was approved on June 2, 1956, and on September 3, a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was issued, which determines the procedure for the practical creation of a complex of measuring instruments, communications equipment and a single time to provide ground support for the flight of the first satellite. It is this day, September 3, 1956, that is considered to be the day of the creation of the Command and Measuring Complex of the USSR. According to the TOR issued by NII-4 and OKB-1, new technical means (TS) were finalized and created for interaction with the D satellite. The vehicles, modified to the level of interaction with the satellite, received the prefix "D" in their name (for example, "Binoculars-D").

The matter of preparing for the formation of the KIK began to boil, but by the end of 1956 it turned out that the planned plans for launching the first artificial satellite were in jeopardy due to difficulties in creating scientific equipment for the “D object” and a lower than planned specific thrust of propulsion systems (DU ) RN R-7. The government set a new launch date of April 1958. However, according to intelligence, the United States could launch the first satellite before this date. Therefore, in November 1956, OKB-1 made a proposal for the urgent development and launch of the simplest satellite weighing about 100 kg in April - May 1957, instead of "block D", during the first tests of the R-7. The proposal was approved and on February 15, 1957, a Government Decree was issued on the launch of the simplest satellite, named PS-1, at the end of 1957.

In the meantime, at NII-4, a project was developed to create a CMC, providing for the creation of 13 command and measuring points (now they were called ONIP - a separate scientific measuring point, and colloquially they were often called NIP), located throughout the Soviet Union from Leningrad to Kamchatka and the central starting point. Yu. A. Mozzhorin supervised the work on the creation of the CMC. All work was completed in record time - in one year.

In 1957, to ensure launches of ICBMs, launches of satellites and other space objects, the Coordination and Computing Center (CCC) was created at NII-4, a prototype of the future Mission Control Center.

For the creation of rocket and space technology NII-4 in 1957 he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.

The results of research carried out at NII-4 in the late 1940s and early 1950s provided the theoretical foundation for further practical work on space exploration. Some employees of his group, who moved from NII-4 to OKB-1 in 1956 together with M.K. In 1957, for ensuring the launch of the first artificial satellite of the Earth, a group of specialists from NII-4, including three from the group of M.K. Tikhonravov: A.V. Brykov, I.M. Yatsunsky, I.K. Bazhinov was awarded the Lenin Prize.

Pacific Oceanographic Expedition

Preparation for flight tests of the R-7 ICBM at full range - in the Pacific Ocean - and the expansion of the scope of observations of the flights of space objects required the creation of floating (ship) measuring complexes.

In 1959, the Institute was appointed the lead contractor for the creation of the floating complex TOGE-4 (under the legend of the 4th Pacific Oceanographic Expedition) consisting of four ships, and in 1960 - the lead contractor for the creation of the TOGE-5 complex - consisting of three ships. A special marine laboratory was created at the Institute, which was transformed in 1962 into a marine department. Captain 1st rank (later Rear Admiral) Yuri Ivanovich Maksyuta was appointed commander of TOGE-4.

The formation of four warships was born as a result of the implementation of the Aquatoria research project, developed by employees of the NII-4 of the USSR Ministry of Defense in 1958. After the successful shooting of the R-7 rocket in the Kamchatka region, it became obvious that in order to test the rocket at full range (12,000 kilometers), it was necessary to create a test site in the central part of the Pacific Ocean. To measure the accuracy of the fall of the warheads of intercontinental ballistic missiles in 1959, floating measuring points were built - expeditionary oceanographic vessels Siberia, Sakhalin, Suchan and Chukotka. The first combat work on the "Aquatoria" training ground was carried out on January 20 - 31, 1960.

The launches of the first interplanetary stations required the reception of telemetric information from their board in areas not controlled by means of the ground-based KIK and the Pacific expedition. To solve the problem in 1960, the Atlantic group of floating measuring points was created, consisting of two ships of the Black Sea Shipping Company and one ship of the Baltic Shipping Company. These ships were removed from shipping and placed at the disposal of NII-4. Vasily Ivanovich Beloglazov, an employee of NII-4, was the head of the Atlantic telemetry expedition.

On August 1, 1960, the ships of the NII-4 Floating Telemetric Complex set out on their maiden voyage. Each was an expedition consisting of 10 - 11 employees of the institute, highly qualified specialists. During the 4-month voyage, the technology for conducting telemetric measurements in oceanic conditions was developed. Work on significant spacecraft launches took place only on the next, second flight of the Atlantic complex, which began in January 1961.

Ensuring control of the ship "Vostok"

A bright page in the development of space ballistics was the provision of flight control for the manned spacecraft "Vostok" with Yu. A. Gagarin. NII-4 was determined to be the lead one for solving this important task. An independent development of methods, algorithms and programs was organized in NII-4, OKB-1 and the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and their coordination. Ballistics scientists have successfully solved this problem. The ships TOGE-4 "Siberia", "Sakhalin", "Suchan", "Chukotka" and the ships of the Atlantic group "Voroshilov", "Krasnodar" and "Dolinsk" took a direct part in providing the flight.

In 1961, Yu. A. Mozzhorin was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor for the creation of an automated measuring complex, unified time systems and special communications that ensured the launch of a spacecraft with a person on board. A. I. Sokolov and the head of the head of the Institute of Management G. I. Levin were awarded the title of laureates of the Lenin Prize.

Institute as part of the Strategic Missile Forces

On December 31, 1959, the Institute was included in the Strategic Missile Forces and since 1960 has been carrying out work on orders from the General Staff, the Scientific and Technical Committee, and the Main Directorates. Along with the expansion of work on strategic missile weapons and rocket and space technology, comprehensive studies of weapons systems of the Strategic Missile Forces began to be carried out, and the methodology for testing missile and rocket and space systems was improved. The volume of work on the combat use of missile units and formations, the provision of troops with management and operational documentation has increased.

One of the important problems was the automation of combat command and control of troops on constant combat duty in high readiness for use. At the initial stage of solving this problem, difficulties arose in attracting industrial organizations to work on creating an automated control system. Work began to be carried out at NII-4. In 1962, the equipment manufactured at the experimental plant of the Institute was successfully tested by the troops. The interdepartmental commission headed by academician B. N. Petrov gave a positive assessment of the research and recommended the start of development work in industry. After the adoption of the created system for service, the employees of NII-4, who supervised the work, were awarded: V. I. Anufriev - the Lenin Prize, V. T. Dolgov - the State Prize.

In connection with the increase in the volume of space research, space specialties were created at NII-4 in the early 1960s (which were transformed into scientific departments in 1964). Management teams have made a significant contribution to the substantiation of tasks of a defense nature solved with the help of space means, determining the prospects for the development of space weapons, testing military spacecraft and solving many other problems related to the exploration of outer space.

In the mid-1960s, NII-4 began comprehensive research to substantiate the prospects for the development of weapons and military equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces and to find ways to intensively build up the combat power of the Strategic Missile Forces. At that time, the US strategic "triad" included almost 4 times more nuclear weapons carriers and about 9 times more nuclear warheads and air bombs than the Soviet strategic nuclear forces. In this regard, in order to ensure the country's security, the issue of closing the gap with the United States and achieving military-strategic parity in the shortest possible time arose.

By decision of the government in 1965, a large-scale complex research was set (code "Complex"). NII-4 and TsNIIMash were appointed as the lead executors in the section of the Strategic Missile Forces, and the head of NII-4 A.I. Sokolov and director of TsNIIMash Yu.A. Mozzhorin were appointed scientific supervisors.

The scientifically based recommendations of the R&D have been fully implemented. In a short time, highly effective missile weapons systems with a given level of characteristics were created and put into service, the deployment of which made it possible to significantly increase the combat potential of the Strategic Missile Forces grouping and ensured the achievement of sustainable military-strategic parity with the United States in the early 1970s. The results of this research and the similar work that followed it with five-year cycles substantiated the technical policy of the USSR Ministry of Defense in the field of development of weapons for the Strategic Missile Forces in the long term. In the 1970s and early 1980s, work to determine the prospects for the development of weapons and military equipment of the Strategic Missile Forces was carried out under the leadership of Yevgeny Borisovich Volkov, who was appointed head of the Institute in April 1970. In the future, research in this area was always led by the heads of the 4th Central Research Institute (Lev Ivanovich Volkov, Vladimir Zinovievich Dvorkin, Alexander Vladimirovich Shevyrev, Vladimir Vasilyevich Vasilenko).

Not a single missile system created on the orders of the Strategic Missile Forces was tested without the participation of the Institute. Hundreds of employees were developing programs and test methods, evaluating the flight performance of missiles based on the results of launches, and were directly involved in work at the test sites. Heads of NII-4, their deputies, heads of departments (A. I. Sokolov, E. B. Volkov, A. A. Kurushin, O. I. Maisky, A. G. Funtikov) were appointed chairmen of the State Commissions.

For work on the creation of new missile systems, the Institute was awarded the second order in 1976 - the Order of the October Revolution. The head of the Institute, E. B. Volkov, was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.

In connection with the constant increase in the accuracy of hitting missiles of a potential enemy, one of the most important problems has become the problem of ensuring the protection of missile systems from the damaging effects of a nuclear explosion. The Institute acted as the lead organization for scientific, methodological, organizational and technical support of almost all large-scale tests. The measuring devices developed and manufactured at the Institute were unique and had no analogues in serial instrumentation in terms of accuracy and reliability of measurements of highly dynamic processes under conditions of intense interference. As a result of the theoretical and experimental studies and design improvements in the 1970s and 1980s, the protection of objects of the Strategic Missile Forces from the damaging factors of nuclear weapons was sharply increased.

The engineering troops of Russia are one of the most diverse and technically equipped troops. The system of engineering weapons includes over 600 items of various samples and kits. In 2017 more than 750 units were delivered to the troops. engineering technology.

On January 18, 2018, the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Central Research and Testing Institute of Engineer Troops" of the Ministry of Defense of Russia (Nakhabino, Moscow Region) hosted an organizational meeting of the Council of Chief Designers for systems and means of engineering support for the armament system of the ground component of the general forces. The meeting was attended by representatives of the Russian Ministry of Defense and 56 chief designers of industrial enterprises in all areas of engineering support.

Chief of Engineering Troops of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Lieutenant General Yu.M. Stavitsky especially noted that havingXiathe level of preparedness and equipment is the main guarantee of saving the lives of servicemen. He stressed the need to create a new collegial body - the Council of Chief Designers.

Yu.M. Stavitsky introduced to the audience the Chief Designer for Systems and Engineering Support of the Armament System of the Ground Component of the General Forces, General Director of JSC "NIIII" I.M. Smirnova.

In his speech, I.M. Smirnov dwelled on the specifics of the activities of the Chief Designer, general problematic issues of development, revealing the composition, structure and main activities of the Council of Chief Designers.

In turn, the Scientific and Technical Committee of the Engineering Troops presented the main requirements for the appearance of engineering weapons in the near future, which means that the Council of Chief Designers has something to work on.

The participants of the meeting watched a documentary film about the engineering troops of Russia and laid wreaths at the monument "To Warriors of Internationalists, Combatants and Participants of the Great Patriotic War", opened in 2017. on the premises of the institute.