How many islands are in the black sea. The Black Sea: where is it located, which countries is it washing

Echinoderms of the Black Sea

The mirror of the Black Sea has an area 422 thousand square kilometers.

Max Depth - 2210 m.

bowl of the sea holds 527 cubic kilometers of water.

The shape of the Black Sea resembles an oval with the largest axis of 1150 kilometers. The largest length from north to south is 580 kilometers, and the smallest is 265 kilometers.

Average depth of the Black Sea - 1240 m.

The Black Sea is located o in middle latitudes: 41 - 46 degrees north latitude.

In the Black Sea water salinity on average - 18, in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov - 4, in the Mediterranean Sea - oceanic salinity of water - 37 grams per 1 liter of water.

It is connected by the Bosphorus and Dardanelles with the Sea of ​​Marmara and the Mediterranean, the Kerch Strait with the Sea of ​​Azov.

The only large peninsula in the Black Sea - Crimean.

Major bays: Yagorlytsky, Tendrovsky, Dzharylgachsky, Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky, Feodosia, Varna, Burgassky, Sinopsky, Samsunsky.

Total length of coastline - 3400 kilometers.

Islands in the Black Sea: the largest island - Dzharylgach - an area of ​​62 square kilometers. Other islands are smaller, the most significant: Berezan and Serpentine - both less than 1 square kilometer in area.

Feature of the Black Sea consists in the fact that at a depth of more than 150-200 meters, the habitat of anaerobic bacteria begins, the result of which is the release of hydrogen sulfide. Organisms that need oxygen cannot live there. Life develops only in the upper layer of the sea. This layer makes up 12 - 13 percent of the total volume of the sea, while containing 80 percent of the entire fauna of the Black Sea. These are marine species that have penetrated here through the Bosphorus and brackish-water organisms that are common in similar reservoirs throughout the planet. And fresh species appear from the rivers flowing into the Black Sea.

The Black Sea is poorer in species than the Mediterranean. But this is due to the special conditions of this reservoir.
Inhabit:
1. species that tolerate a wide range of water salinity.
2. types of this temperature regime - the water is moderately cold.
3. species that do not need great depths at any period of development.

All types of living beings can be divided into two large groups:
permanent and temporary.

2.5 thousand species of animals live in the Black Sea:
- 500 species - unicellular.
- 160 species - vertebrates (fish and mammals).
- 500 species - crustaceans.
- 200 species - molluscs.
- other invertebrates of different groups.

In the Mediterranean Sea, for comparison, there are about 9 thousand species of animals, and in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov - about 600 species.
Large mobile animals enter the Black Sea from the Mediterranean of their own accord. But a large number of species are constantly brought here, regardless of their desire, through the straits.

There are always two currents in the Bosphorus Strait:
1. Upper- carries desalinated water from the Black Sea to the Sea of ​​Marmara and further to the Mediterranean Sea.
2. lower- delivers more salty and warmer water to the Black Sea. With it (stream thickness 2-8 meters) planktonic organisms are brought into the sea. Live starfish, brittle stars, sea urchins have been found here.

The flora of the Black Sea includes:
- 270 species of green, brown, red bottom algae.
- 350 species of microscopic plankton.
- a variety of bacteria.

Most planktonic algae use solar energy to build themselves from simple compounds. Some algae, like animals, can only feed on ready-made organic substances. Algae noctiluca (night light) is a predator.

Material used for the article:
Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes - St. Petersburg, 1890-1907.
Agbunov M. V. Antique pilot of the Black Sea. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Nauka, Moscow, 1987.
Kuzminskaya G. Black Sea. Krasnodar 1977.
Animals of the Black Sea. Simferopol: Tavria, 1996.
Wikipedia

There are not very many islands in the Black Sea. Large and small, open to the public and under protection - they are all different from each other. We present a brief overview from which you can find out which islands in the Black Sea were created by human hands, as well as other interesting facts.

The largest islands in the Black Sea

The championship in this category belongs to the island of Dzharylgach, whose area is 62 square meters. km. The entire island territory, administratively included in the Kherson region, is occupied by the Dzharylgachsky National Natural Park. Rare species of plants grow here, swans, waders, ducks, gulls, pelicans, herons live. Of considerable value are artificially created populations of red deer, fallow deer and mouflon.

Snake Island is separated from the coast by 35 km. The nearest settlements are the cities of Sulima (Romania) and Vilkovo (Ukraine). In different eras, the ownership and name of the ancient island in the Black Sea have repeatedly changed. Its official owners were the Ottoman and Russian empires, Romania, the USSR. Currently, Serpent's Island is part of the Odessa region and is the southern outpost of Ukraine. On a small piece of land (20.5 hectares) there is a border outpost and the village of Beloe. Thousands of gulls live on the rocks, and migratory birds stop here to rest during periods of seasonal migration. There are no sources of fresh water, the vegetation is thin grass and unsightly thorns.

Berezan is a deserted island of the Black Sea, about 1000 m long, about 500 m wide, belonging to the Nikolaev region. It is located 8 km from the city of Ochakov and 4 km from the nearest village of Rybakovka. In ancient times, the agrarian and craft settlement of Borisfen was founded here. The fact that life was once in full swing on the island is evidenced by priceless archaeological finds dating back to the 7th-4th centuries BC.

Pervomaisky: a mysterious island

Not far from Ochakov, in the place where the waters of the Dnieper-Bug estuary merge with the waters of the Black Sea, in 1790, by order of G. A. Potemkin, the man-made island of Battery (now its official name Pervomaisky) was created. Perhaps this is the most secret island of the Black Sea. During Soviet times, the elite unit of the Soviet naval special forces was based here. There were legends about fur seals serving on Pervomaisky. Today, as before, it is impossible for a random person to get to the island. It remains a protected object.

Small islands in the Black Sea

The St. George Rock or the Rock of the Holy Phenomenon, a geographical feature with an area of ​​3.5 km 2, has an interesting history. According to legend, in the end of the 9th century near an island near the tip of Cape Fiolent, St. George the Victorious appeared to fishermen in distress, and an icon of the saint was found on the rock itself. In the end of the XIX century. a marble cross was erected on the rock, which was soon destroyed. Now the main attraction of the St. George Rock is a 7-meter-high metal cross, installed in 1991.

Adalary - twin rocks near Gurzuf, which are one of the symbols of the resort village. The height of the islands is 35 and 48 m, the diameter is from 20 to 30 meters.

The Swan Islands (Karkinitsky Bay) are occupied by the ornithological branch of the Crimean Nature Reserve. These are 6 islands, the total area of ​​​​which is 0.52 km 2.

The Black Sea waves are splashing along the coast of several very small areas of land. This:

• Utrish, located 20 m from the tip of the peninsula of the same name in the vicinity of Anapa;
• Sudzhuk near Novorossiysk;
• Krupinin Island in the Taman Bay;
• Ivan Baba at Cape Kiik-Atlam.

Two islets (St. Anastasia and St. Ivan) are comfortably located near the Bulgarian coast.

what is the coastline of the black sea? (indented or not, bays, peninsulas) and got the best answer

Answer from Violetta-Viola![guru]
The Black Sea (Bulgarian Cherno More, Ukrainian Black Sea Rum Marea Neagră, Turkish Karadeniz, Georgian შავი ზღვა) is an inland sea of ​​the Atlantic Ocean basin. The Bosphorus connects with the Sea of ​​Marmara, then, through the Dardanelles - with the Aegean and Mediterranean Seas. The Kerch Strait connects with the Sea of ​​Azov. From the north, the Crimean peninsula cuts deep into the sea. The water boundary between Europe and Asia Minor runs along the surface of the Black Sea.
The area is 422,000 km² (according to other sources - 436,400 km²). The outlines of the Black Sea resemble an oval with the largest axis about 1150 km. The greatest length of the sea from north to south is 580 km. The greatest depth is 2210 m, the average is 1240 m.
The sea washes the shores of Russia, Abkhazia, Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey and Georgia.
A characteristic feature of the Black Sea is the complete (except for a number of anaerobic bacteria) absence of life at depths above 150-200 m due to the saturation of deep water layers with hydrogen sulfide.
The shores of the Black Sea are scarcely indented and mainly in its northern part. The only large peninsula is the Crimean. The largest bays are: Yagorlytsky, Tendrovsky, Dzharylgachsky, Karkinitsky, Kalamitsky and Feodosia in Ukraine, Varna and Burgassky in Bulgaria, Sinopsky and Samsunsky - off the southern coast of the sea, in Turkey. In the north and northwest, estuaries overflow at the confluence of the rivers. The total length of the coastline is 3400 km.
Black Sea. Picture from space.

A number of sections of the sea coast have their own names: the southern coast of Crimea in Ukraine, the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus in Russia, the Rumeli coast and the Anatolian coast in Turkey. In the west and northwest, the coasts are low-lying, steep in places; in the Crimea - mostly low-lying, with the exception of the southern mountainous coasts. On the eastern and southern shores, the spurs of the Caucasus and Pontic mountains come close to the sea.
There are few islands in the Black Sea. The largest island is Dzharylgach, its area is 62 km². The rest of the islands are much smaller, the largest being Berezan and Zmeiny (both less than 1 km2).
The following largest rivers flow into the Black Sea: the Danube, the Dnieper, the Dniester, as well as the smaller Mzymta, Psou, Bzyb, Rioni, Kodori (Kodor), Inguri (in the east of the sea), Chorokh, Kyzyl-Irmak, Ashli-Irmak, Sakarya ( in the south), Southern Bug (in the north).

All Black Sea islands on the map

What is a geographic map

A geographical map is an image of the Earth's surface with a coordinate grid and symbols, the proportions of which directly depend on the scale. A geography map is a landmark by which you can identify the location of that, the yoke of an array, an object or a person’s place of residence. These are indispensable assistants for geologists, tourists, pilots and the military, whose professions are directly related to travel, trips over long distances.

Types of cards

Conventionally, geographical maps can be divided into 4 types:

• by coverage of the territory and these are maps of continents, countries;
• by appointment, and these are tourist, educational, road, navigation, scientific and reference, technical, tourist maps;
• by content - thematic, general geographical, general political maps;
• by scale - small-scale, medium-scale and large-scale maps.

Each of the maps is devoted to a certain topic, the thematic one reflects islands, seas, vegetation, settlements, weather, soils, taking into account the coverage of the territory. The map can only represent the applied countries, continents or states separately on a certain scale. Taking into account how reduced this or that territory, the scale of the map is 1x1000.1500, which means a decrease in the distance by 20,000 times. Of course, it is easy to guess that the larger the scale, the more detailed the map is drawn. And yet, individual parts of the earth's surface on the map are distorted, in contrast to the globe, which is able to convey the appearance of the surface without changes. The earth is spherical and distortions occur, such as: area, angles, length of objects.

Despite all the possible distortions, the advantages of the map, unlike the globe, are obvious - the visibility on a sheet of paper of all the hemispheres on Earth at once and a large number of geographical objects. A globe, for example, is inconvenient for travelers to use because it needs to be constantly rotated.

The Black Sea, its interesting places and landscape landscapes remain pleasant memories for everyone who has ever visited these places at least once, for many the name Black Sea itself is interesting? Why are these huge masses of dark blue water surface called Black? And have they always been called that? Even in the days of the ancient Greeks, the beginning of this was the name - Pontus Eusinthus - as a hospitable sea, but the sea received this name after the ancient Greeks studied it completely and established by sea - ship communication with Hellas itself, supplying ships to Greece, like wine so did the fish, which in Greece began to be valued because of its special fat content, while back to the Greek colonies on the Black Sea, ships delivered oils and other useful things that had not yet been produced here independently. Many versions about the name of the Black Sea excite the minds of modern people, but one of these versions seems plausible - for example, when lowering anchors to the bottom of the sea at great depths - upon further inspection of the removable iron parts of the anchor - a characteristic black coating is noticeable due to the fact that on large The depths of the Black Sea contain a large amount of hydrogen sulfide, which thus interacts with metals (hence the name Black). With its area of ​​the Black Sea, which is almost 413 thousand square kilometers, it touches with its borders Europe and Asia (Russia and Bulgaria) Turkey and Romania, Ukraine and Georgia, although the area of ​​the Black Sea among all the water sea basins of Russia is not too large, but its significance is no less important, the Black Sea is Russia's outlet to the Mediterranean Sea and the World Ocean. The development of maritime transport is widely practiced from such Black Sea ports as Novorossiysk and Tuapse, from where Russia annually exports oil and many metals, timber and other natural resources .

Russian Black Sea coast

Known not only for its ports, but also for the resorts of the Black Sea, in such resort cities as Sochi, Gelendzhik and Anapa, millions of Russians annually relax and improve their health in sanatoriums and rest houses. At the service of vacationers in the Black Sea resorts - equipped beaches and developed resort infrastructure.

Are there any islands in the Black Sea?

In terms of its area, the Black Sea is not as large as the Pacific Ocean, and it has already naturally developed that there are not so many islands in the Black Sea, two of which belong to the Turkish coast, in Soviet times, the Dolgiy Island in the Yegorlytsky Bay and Snake Island belonged to the Soviet Union or Fedonisi is 37 miles east of the Danube River, although the area of ​​\u200b\u200bSnake Island is only one and a half square kilometers, its steep banks are visible from afar, the island itself was still described by the Ancient Greeks as an island in the Black Sea, where there was a temple to the hero of the Trojan War - Achilles. Until now, there are rumors that looted treasures from pirate ships that have moored here are stored in its pits on this island.

What is the bottom of the Black Sea?

Many visiting vacationers visiting the resorts of the Black Sea think that already at 500 meters from the shore the depths go sharply down for kilometers, but this is not entirely true, hundred-meter depths pass at a distance of about 150 kilometers from the coast itself, but there are also slight deviations in the region of the Crimean peninsula , where the depths go down sharply at a distance of one kilometer from the coast, but even in the deepest part of the Black Sea - 2211 meters, a person has already visited, on a deep-water bathyscaphe back in 1971 a small crew sank to the bottom of the Black Sea and concluded that life in The Black Sea exists only at a depth of no more than 100 meters, and there further in the darkness there are no fish or marine life, only rotting organic remains slowly turn into muddy silt.

Hypotheses of the emergence of the Black Sea

At present, disputes about the origin of the Black Sea do not subside, one of the hypotheses still points simply to a naturally formed fault filled with water over time, now two parts of the Black Sea can be distinguished, one of them in the northwest, the one that borders from the south The Russian platform and goes through the steppe Crimea, while the main part of the Black Sea is a depression in the earth's crust, the emergence of this depression can be equated with the emergence of the Caucasus Mountains, the Crimea and Asia Minor, along its edges the movement of the earth's crust is still noted - accompanied by small earthquakes on both sides of the Black Sea, both in Turkey and in Russia.

Current and waves on the Black Sea

Water in the Black Sea, where does it come from? and where does it go? As everyone knows, many large and small rivers flow into the Black Sea (Danube, Dniester, Psou, Kodori and others, and this annually replenishes 300-400 cubic kilometers of water and annually through the Bosphorus into the waters of the World Ocean go its excess. Relatively the small width and depth of the Bosporus, the Dardanelles and the Straits of Gibroaltar, makes such a natural phenomenon as tidal waves in the Black Sea not significant.The currents in the Black Sea, due to its obvious isolation, are very weak and only small changes are associated with a change in weather or wind speed - but the main the speed of the current is not more than 0.5 meters per second, the main stream of the current has a width of 40-60 kilometers and passes at a distance of 3 kilometers from the coast.

What is the maximum wave height in the Black Sea

What is the roughness of the Black Sea from the point of view of oceanography? On a certain scale, it can be divided into several points, and so 1 point is when the surface of the sea is almost completely smooth and only a small wind ripple, 2 points is already a slightly rising wave and at this moment the waves are still without white lamb on the sea, but all the excitement of the sea can be estimate on a nine-point scale, but it can also be done by the height of the wave (as can be seen from the figure, there are waves in the Black Sea that are 14 meters high) Waves in the Black Sea can be broken not only by strong winds, but also by earthquakes and so , according to scientists, the cause of the death of ancient cities on the Black Sea coast, such as Sebastopolis and Dioscuria, was waves from underwater earthquakes and tsunamis as a result of strong earthquakes that occurred not far away, and today on the Russian Black Sea coast, earthquakes of 6 points were observed in 1905 and in 1966, the epicenters of which lay near the resort town of Anapa, such earthquakes also caused a small tsunami that hit to the coast of resort Bulgaria. For a long time, the Black Sea waves caused only harm to mankind - they hindered the movement of ships, broke the coastal shores, but small waves in the Black Sea Resorts delight and fascinate the eyes of visiting vacationers who arrived from those places where only small rivers and lakes from the water expanses.